CN103399000B - Spectral electrolytic cell suitable for in-situ characterization of Raman spectrum - Google Patents
Spectral electrolytic cell suitable for in-situ characterization of Raman spectrum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a spectral electrolytic cell suitable for in-situ characterization of a Raman spectrum and relates to a spectral electrolytic cell. The spectral electrolytic cell is provided with a spectral electrolytic cell body, a top cover, an electrode sleeve, a reference electrode connection end, a spectral window sheet, limiting rings, limiting adjustment gaskets, reference electrode sealing covers, a counter electrode and a working electrode, wherein the cell body is connected with the top cover; window sheet sealing rings are fixed on the top cover; a first hole is formed in the middle of the cell body; the electrode sleeve is arranged in the first hole; a second hole is formed in the bottom in the cell body and is connected with the reference electrode connection end; a through hole is formed in the electrode sleeve; the upper end of the reference electrode connection end is connected with the reference electrode sealing covers; the spectral window sheet is arranged at the bottom in the top cover; small holes are formed in the middles of the reference electrode sealing covers; a third hole is formed in the side edge of the cell body; the counter electrode is arranged in the third hole; the limiting rings and the limiting adjustment gaskets are arranged at the periphery of the electrode sleeve; one end of the counter electrode is a sphere; a trench is formed in the bottom of the top cover; a gas storage tank is arranged beside the trench; a gas exhaust hole is formed in the upper end of the gas storage tank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spectrum electrolytic cell, particularly relate to a kind of spectrum electrolytic cell being applicable to situ Raman Spectroscopy and characterizing.
Background technology
Traditional electrochemical method is potential electrode electromotive force or electric current mainly, and what obtain is the average information of electrode interface macroscopic view, is difficult to provide molecule in the behavior of surface and interface from the aspect of molecular structure.Ultraviolet, infrared and Raman equimolecular spectral light spectral technology are applied to electrochemical work place study, the information such as the relevant electrode surface species mode of action, gas absorption quantity and the coverage that can directly obtain on a molecular scale.
Raman spectroscopy, particularly Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy technology have the advantage by uniquenesses such as little, the high surface sensitivities of the interference of water, have been used to the research of electrochemical process.In order to obtain higher sensitivity and spatial resolving power, modern Raman spectrometer incorporates Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope technology usually.The introducing of electrochemical multilayer medium system, can make the optical property of the light path of confocal microscope system decline to a certain extent.Therefore, in order to both take into account the requirement of electro-chemical test to solution layer thickness and solution cleanliness factor, reducing again solution layer and optical window to the full extent to the impact of light path performance, needing to design electrochemical in-situ Raman spectrum pond well.There is the problems such as assembling is complicated, liquid feeding is inconvenient, leakage, the difficult adjustment of liquid layer distance in common spectrum electrolytic cell, cause galvanochemistry Raman spectrum to be tested and only can carry out ([1] E.Steven Brandt.Spectroelectrochemical Cell Optimized for Raman Spectrometry and Its Application to the Study of Pyridine Adsorbed onto Silver Electrodes.Anal.Chem.1905 in a few internationally recognizable Raman group, 57,1276-1280; [2] De-Yin Wu, Jian-Feng Li, Bin Ren and Zhong-QunTian.Electrochemical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of nanostructures.Chem.Soc.Rev., 2008,37,1025 – 1041).Therefore, invent a assembling simple, prevent that leakage, liquid feeding are simple, liquid layer thickness hold manageable, be applicable to the spectrum electrolytic cell that galvanochemistry situ Raman Spectroscopy characterizes and have great importance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be difficult to for existing Raman technology the problem that combines with electrochemical techniques, good airproof performance, no leakage are provided, liquid layer thickness between spectral window sheet and working electrode controls convenient, and it assembles and clean simple and easy to do a kind of spectrum electrolytic cell being applicable to situ Raman Spectroscopy and characterizing.
The present invention be provided with spectrum electrolytic tank body, spectrum electrolytic cell top cover, diaphragm sealing ring, electrode sleeve, contrast electrode link, spectral window sheet, spacing collar, spacing adjustment pad, contrast electrode gland bonnet, to contact conductor, to electrode, working electrode;
Described spectrum electrolytic tank body is connected with spectrum electrolytic cell top cover, and diaphragm sealing ring is fixed on spectrum electrolytic cell top cover; Described spectrum electrolytic tank body centre position is provided with the 1st hole, and electrode sleeve is located in the 1st hole, and the 1st hole is provided with the groove for placing O type circle, realizes sealing by O type circle with contacting of electrode sleeve; Spectrum electrolytic tank body inner bottom surface is provided with the 2nd hole, and the 2nd hole is connected with contrast electrode link, between spectrum electrolytic tank body and contrast electrode link, be provided with gasket seal; The through hole for coordinating with working electrode is provided with in electrode sleeve; The upper end of contrast electrode link is connected with contrast electrode gland bonnet; For observing the bottom surface being located at spectrum electrolytic cell top cover inside with the spectral window sheet of spectra collection; The centre of contrast electrode gland bonnet is provided with aperture for connecting contrast electrode, realizes sealing by the close contact of O type circle and contrast electrode link, contrast electrode gland bonnet and contrast electrode; Be provided with the 3rd hole at the side of spectrum electrolytic tank body, be located in the 3rd hole to electrode; Spacing collar and spacing adjustment pad are located at electrode sleeve periphery, spacing collar upper surface is near the lower surface of spectrum electrolytic tank body, by the thickness of spacing adjustment pad or the increase and decrease adjustable limit circle upper surface of the quantity distance to electrode sleeve upper surface, the change of this distance can change the distance between spectral window sheet and working electrode electrode surface, to control and to regulate electrode surface liquid layer thickness; Described one end to electrode is spheroid, and the diameter of spheroid is greater than the internal diameter in the 3rd hole, presses spheroid realize sealing to contact conductor; Spectrum electrolytic cell cap base is provided with the groove dredged for liquids and gases, and groove is other is provided with air reservoir, and air reservoir upper end is provided with the vent port for liquids and gases discharge.
Gasket seal can be provided with between described spectrum electrolytic tank body and spectrum electrolytic cell top cover.
Described spectrum electrolytic tank body is connected by screw thread or close-fitting mode with spectrum electrolytic cell top cover.
Described 2nd hole is connected with contrast electrode link by the mode of screw thread or close-fitting.
Described spectral window sheet top can be provided with O type circle.
Described diaphragm sealing ring is fixed on spectrum electrolytic cell top cover by the mode of close-fitting or screw thread.
The best symmetric design of described groove, to reduce the uneven impact of line of electric force.
Existing Raman spectrum electrolytic cell also exists the problems such as easy leakage, operation inconvenience and liquid layer thickness not easily regulate.Compared with existing Raman spectrum electrolytic cell, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, in the present invention, spectrum electrolytic cell is sealed by the sealing of O type circle and close-fitting mode, makes whole spectrum electrolytic cell have good sealing property, and can not introduce extraneous pollution;
2, in the present invention, the assembling of spectrum electrolytic cell is simple, easily operates;
3, in the present invention, solution is by contrast electrode link liquid feeding, and liquid feeding is convenient;
4, in the present invention, the indoor design of spectrum electrolytic cell has air guide groove and air reservoir, not easily residual bubble under window;
5, electrode sleeve is designed with spacing adjustment pad in the present invention, the liquid layer between working electrode and diaphragm easily regulates;
6, spectrum tool electrolytic cell internal symmetry design in the present invention, line of electric force is even.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sectional side view of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the electrode sheath portion of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the spectrum electrolytic tank body part of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the partial cross-sectional side-elevation view to electrode part of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the polycrystalline substance schematic diagram of the spectrum electrolytic cell header field of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 be the embodiment of the present invention the structural representation of spectrum electrolytic cell base.
Fig. 8 is galvanochemistry CV spectrogram in specific embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 9 is the in-situ Raman spectrogram gathered in galvanochemistry CV process in specific embodiments of the invention.
Embodiment
Following examples will the present invention is further illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Fig. 1 ~ 7, the embodiment of the present invention be provided with spectrum electrolytic tank body 1, spectrum electrolytic cell top cover 2, diaphragm sealing ring 3, electrode sleeve 4, contrast electrode link 5, spectral window sheet 6, O type circle 7, spacing collar 8, spacing adjustment pad 9, O type circle 10, gasket seal 11, contrast electrode gland bonnet 12, O type circle 13, gasket seal 14, to contact conductor 15, to electrode 16, working electrode 17, contrast electrode 18.
Described spectrum electrolytic tank body 1 is connected with spectrum electrolytic cell top cover 2, and diaphragm sealing ring 3 is fixed on spectrum electrolytic cell top cover 2; Described spectrum electrolytic tank body 1 centre position is provided with the 1st hole 1-1, and electrode sleeve 4 is located in the 1st hole 1-1, and the 1st hole 1-1 is provided with the groove for placing O type circle 10, realizes sealing by O type circle 10 with contacting of electrode sleeve 4; Spectrum electrolytic tank body 1 inner bottom surface is provided with the 2nd hole 1-2, and the 2nd hole 1-2 is connected with contrast electrode link 5, is provided with gasket seal 14 between spectrum electrolytic tank body 1 and contrast electrode link 5; The through hole for coordinating with working electrode 17 is provided with in electrode sleeve 4; The upper end of contrast electrode link 5 is connected with contrast electrode gland bonnet 12; For observing the bottom surface being located at spectrum electrolytic cell top cover 2 inside with the spectral window sheet 6 of spectra collection; The centre of contrast electrode gland bonnet 12 is provided with aperture for connecting contrast electrode 18, realizes sealing by the close contact of O type circle 13 with contrast electrode link 5, contrast electrode gland bonnet 12 and contrast electrode 18; Be provided with the 3rd hole 1-3 at the side of spectrum electrolytic tank body 1, be located in the 3rd hole 1-3 to electrode 16; Spacing collar 8 and spacing adjustment pad 9 are located at electrode sleeve 4 periphery, spacing collar 8 upper surface is near the lower surface of spectrum electrolytic tank body 1, by the thickness of spacing adjustment pad 9 or increase and decrease adjustable limit circle 8 upper surface of the quantity distance to electrode sleeve 4 upper surface, the change of this distance can change the distance between spectral window sheet 6 and working electrode 17 electrode surface, to control and to regulate electrode surface liquid layer thickness; Described one end to electrode 16 is spheroid, and the diameter of spheroid is greater than the internal diameter of the 3rd hole 1-3, presses spheroid realize sealing to contact conductor 15; Be provided with the groove 2-1 dredged for liquids and gases bottom spectrum electrolytic cell top cover 2, groove 2-1 is other is provided with air reservoir 2-2, and air reservoir 2-2 upper end is provided with the vent port 2-3 for liquids and gases discharge.
Gasket seal 11 is provided with between described spectrum electrolytic tank body 1 and spectrum electrolytic cell top cover 2.
Described spectrum electrolytic tank body 1 is connected by screw thread or close-fitting mode with spectrum electrolytic cell top cover 2.
Described 2nd hole 1-2 is connected with contrast electrode link 5 by the mode of screw thread or close-fitting.
Described spectral window sheet 6 top is provided with O type circle 7.
Described diaphragm sealing ring 3 is fixed on spectrum electrolytic cell top cover 2 by the mode of close-fitting or screw thread.
Described groove 2-1 symmetric design, to reduce the uneven impact of line of electric force.
In the present invention, the introducing of O type circle, gasket seal, close-fitting mode makes whole spectrum electrolytic cell have good sealing property, and can not introduce extraneous pollution, and the assembling of spectrum electrolytic cell, liquid feeding and cleansing solution are easy.By adding spacing collar and spacing adjustment pad makes the liquid layer thickness between working electrode and spectral window sheet be easy to regulation and control on electrode sleeve.
Spectrum electrolytic tank body centre position is provided with through hole, and is provided with groove for placing O type circle, realizes sealing by the close contact of O type circle and electrode sleeve.Spectrum electrolytic tank body is connected by screw thread or close-fitting mode with spectrum electrolytic cell top cover, and the pad placing sealing between spectrum electrolytic tank body and spectrum electrolytic cell top cover realizes sealing.
Spectrum electrolytic tank body inner bottom surface is provided with aperture, and lead to the side of spectrum electrolytic tank body, this aperture is connected with contrast electrode link by the mode of screw thread or close-fitting, and the pad placing sealing between spectrum electrolytic tank body and contrast electrode link realizes sealing.The contrast electrode link of spectrum electrolytic cell is simultaneously also as the filling opening of spectrum electrolytic solution cell.Side as Fig. 5 spectrum electrolytic tank body also has an aperture, and endoporus is little, exit orifice is large, and aperture is used for placing electrode, can be that platinum filament etc. can be used in as the material to electrode to electrode.To make one end of electrode one coccoid (larger than the endoporus of aperture), the material being placed conduction by exit orifice presses pommel, little pommel and pond body aperture is closely cooperated and reaches the extraction sealing and go between.
As Fig. 6, spectrum electrolytic cell cap base is provided with groove dredging for liquids and gases, arranges symmetrical groove and reaches the uneven impact of reduction electric field line.Groove is other establishes air reservoir, and air reservoir upper end is provided with vent port, for the discharge of liquids and gases.In the bottom surface of spectrum electrolytic cell top cover inside for placing window, for observing the acquisition window with spectrum.O type circle is placed on window top, and the trim ring that O encloses upper end is fixed on spectrum electrolytic cell top cover by the mode of close-fitting or screw thread, and pushes down O circle realization sealing.
On electrode sleeve, inside is provided with through hole for closely cooperate (electrode of such as CHI) with commercial electrode, and electrode surface is concordant with electrode sleeve.Spacing collar and spacing adjustment pad is provided with outside electrode sleeve, whole spectrum electrolytic cell assembles rear spacing collar upper surface can near the lower surface of spectrum electrolytic tank body, by the increase and decrease adjustable limit circle upper surface of spacer thickness or quantity to the distance of electrode sleeve upper surface, reach control and the adjustment of electrode surface liquid layer thickness.
During whole spectrum cell operation, good according to the Standard of Fig. 1.Add solution toward contrast electrode link, contrast electrode puts into contrast electrode link, connects contrast electrode lead-in wire respectively, go between to contact conductor, working electrode electrochemical workstation.Then observe electrode surface by window and gather the spectral signal in electrochemical process.
(1) spectrum electrolytic cell assembling
By spherical for one end band to electrode (platinum filament) fill in the side of spectrum electrolytic tank body to electrode ports (Fig. 4), then screw electrode ports with CARBURIZING FURNACE FOR STAINLESS FASTENER.Contrast electrode link is connected with the Electrode connection end interface of spectrum electrolytic tank body, and O type circle is placed at body intermediate throughholes groove place, pond, realizes the sealing between pond body and working electrode.First place spectral window sheet in the middle of spectrum electrolytic cell top cover, and put into O type circle, with spectrum electrolytic cell window aperture seal ring spectral window sheet is tightened on spectrum electrolytic cell top cover and seals.The spectrum electrolytic cell top cover assembled and spectrum electrolytic tank body are screwed.Then spectrum electrolytic cell is screwed on spectrum electrolytic cell base.First suitable dimension electrode sleeve is suitably heated, then commercial electrode is loaded electrode sleeve, and regulate smooth.Then spacing adjustment pad and spacing collar are assembled on electrode sleeve.Then to working electrode, (working electrode is the abbreviation that the working electrode assembled comprises electrode sleeve, electrode, adjustment pad, spacing collar, describe with working electrode below) carry out pre-service, finally pond body is filled in through hole middle bottom spectrum electrolytic tank body for working electrode clean for process.
(2) spectra collection
From contrast electrode link, solution is added spectrum electrolytic cell, then ginseng electrode gland bonnet to be enclosed within contrast electrode and put again O circle fixing after lid is tightened on contrast electrode link.First be placed on microscope stage by spectrum electrolytic cell during spectrum test, three contact conductors of spectrum electrolytic cell are connected with three electrode wires of potentiostat respectively.Then working electrode surface is focused the light into by microscope.After potentiostat and spectrometer set parameter, carry out the collection of the signal of galvanochemistry and Raman.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment places O type circle to the body intermediate throughholes groove place, pond of embodiment 1, and realize further illustrating of the sealing between pond body and working electrode, O type circle is not limited to the gasket seal that circular O-ring seal can be various shape and material.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment places O type circle to the body intermediate throughholes groove place, pond of embodiment 1, realizes further illustrating of the sealing between pond body and working electrode, and a kind of pattern of O-ring seal sealing just the design also can be screw thread or sealed by the mode of close-fitting.May also be the combination of these sealing means.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment first places spectral window sheet in the middle of the spectrum electrolytic cell top cover to embodiment 1, and put into O type circle, with spectrum electrolytic cell window aperture seal ring, spectral window sheet is tightened on further illustrating of spectrum electrolytic cell top cover carrying out seal, a kind of pattern of O-ring seal sealing just the design also can be screw thread or sealed by the mode of close-fitting.May also be the combination of these sealing means.
Conveniently electrolytic cell is fixed on microscope stage, spectrum electrolytic cell base 19 can be designed, spectrum electrolytic cell base 19 is provided with the assembling of a large through hole 19-1 for working electrode, and three aperture 19-2 are used for the connection of spectrum electrolytic cell base 19 and spectrum electrolytic cell.
(1) working electrode prepares
By commercial working electrode, fill in the electrode sleeve that suitable heating (150 DEG C) is crossed, and regulate working electrode surface concordant with electrode sleeve upper end, then conciliation pad and spacing collar are assembled on electrode sleeve.In this example, spacing shim is the tetrafluoro sheet of 4 0.25mm, and control electrode surface is 0.5mm to the distance of window.
(2) preparation of Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) electrode
By already installed working electrode, with the Al of 1 micron
2o
3powder polishing, is polished to electrode light, then electrode is put into the ultrasonic 5min of ultrapure water, ultrasonic 3 times.Nano particle after golden nanometer particle centrifugal twice and the enrichment of then sodium citrate synthetic method being synthesized is added drop-wise to electrode surface, drains.
(3) spectrum electrolytic cell is assembled
Contrast electrode link is connected with the contrast electrode link interface of the pond body of spectrum electrolytic cell, and spherical for one end band to electrode (platinum filament) fill in the side of spectrum electrolytic tank body to electrode ports, then screw electrode ports with CARBURIZING FURNACE FOR STAINLESS FASTENER.The O type circle of wire diameter 2mm external diameter 13mm is placed at body intermediate throughholes groove place, pond.First place the quartz window sheet of 0.5mm in the middle of spectrum electrolytic cell top cover, then put into wire diameter 1mm, the O type circle of external diameter 26mm, is tightened on spectral window sheet on spectrum electrolytic cell top cover with window aperture seal ring.The spectrum electrolytic cell top cover assembled and spectrum electrolytic tank body are screwed.Then spectrum electrolytic cell is screwed on spectrum electrolytic cell base.Finally pond body is filled in the through hole that the working electrode assembled is middle bottom spectrum electrolytic tank body.
(4) liquid feeding
To configure 10
-5m1,1 '-bis (2-mercaptoethyl)-[4,4 '-bipyridinium] Bromide+0.1M NaClO
4solution, inject spectrum electrolytic cell by the liquid-transfering gun of 1ml from contrast electrode link, liquid measure 3ml.The lid of contrast electrode link to be enclosed within contrast electrode and to put O circle more fixing, after having added liquid, the contrast electrode assembled to be put into contrast electrode link and lid is screwed.
(5) connection of spectrum electrolytic cell and electrochemical workstation
First spectrum electrolytic cell is placed on the microscope stage of Raman spectrometer, connecting line corresponding with on spectrum electrolytic cell respectively for three of potentiostat electrode connecting lines is connected.
(6) focusing of sample
Select in this example NA be 0.55 camera lens, allows microscopical camera lens be in directly over spectrum electrolytic cell spectral window by X-Y mobile platform, then regulate the surface that the Z-direction of platform allows object lens focus on, and the camera carried with microscope observes sample.Sample focusing first can observe the upper surface of spectral window sheet, is then lower surface, is finally the surface of electrode.After focusing on sample surfaces, then find the sampling of interested surf zone.
(7) galvanochemistry Raman spectrum gathers
Select cyclic voltammetric pattern in potentiostat, take-off potential 0.2V is set, electric potential scanning scope 0.2V ~-0.6V, sweep fast 0.005V/s.Spectrum optimum configurations of adopting in Raman spectrometer is: excitation wavelength 632.8nm, power 0.6mW, adopting the spectral integral time is 0.5s, and adopting the spectrum time interval is 2s.Run the spectroscopic data of spectrometer and electrochemical workstation collection acquisition electrochemical in-situ CV and galvanochemistry Raman simultaneously.Fig. 8 is the data of obtained galvanochemistry CV, and Fig. 8 is the galvanochemistry Raman spectrum data (Fig. 9 is the data under part current potential) of corresponding original position.
Claims (7)
1. be applicable to the spectrum electrolytic cell that situ Raman Spectroscopy characterizes, it is characterized in that being provided with spectrum electrolytic tank body, spectrum electrolytic cell top cover, diaphragm sealing ring, electrode sleeve, contrast electrode link, spectral window sheet, spacing collar, spacing adjustment pad, contrast electrode gland bonnet, to contact conductor, to electrode, working electrode;
Described spectrum electrolytic tank body is connected with spectrum electrolytic cell top cover, and diaphragm sealing ring is fixed on spectrum electrolytic cell top cover; Described spectrum electrolytic tank body centre position is provided with the 1st hole, and electrode sleeve is located in the 1st hole, and the 1st hole is provided with the groove for placing O type circle, realizes sealing by O type circle with contacting of electrode sleeve; Spectrum electrolytic tank body inner bottom surface is provided with the 2nd hole, and the 2nd hole is connected with contrast electrode link, between spectrum electrolytic tank body and contrast electrode link, be provided with gasket seal; The through hole for coordinating with working electrode is provided with in electrode sleeve; The upper end of contrast electrode link is connected with contrast electrode gland bonnet; From contrast electrode link, solution is added spectrum electrolytic cell; For observing the bottom surface being located at spectrum electrolytic cell top cover inside with the spectral window sheet of spectra collection; The centre of contrast electrode gland bonnet is provided with aperture for connecting contrast electrode, realizes sealing by the close contact of O type circle and contrast electrode link, contrast electrode gland bonnet and contrast electrode; Be provided with the 3rd hole at the side of spectrum electrolytic tank body, be located in the 3rd hole to electrode; Spacing collar and spacing adjustment pad are located at electrode sleeve periphery, and spacing collar upper surface is near the lower surface of spectrum electrolytic tank body; Described one end to electrode is spheroid, and the diameter of spheroid is greater than the internal diameter in the 3rd hole, presses spheroid realize sealing to contact conductor; Spectrum electrolytic cell cap base is provided with the groove dredged for liquids and gases, and groove is other is provided with air reservoir, and air reservoir upper end is provided with the vent port for liquids and gases discharge.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of be applicable to situ Raman Spectroscopy characterize spectrum electrolytic cell, it is characterized in that being provided with gasket seal between described spectrum electrolytic tank body and spectrum electrolytic cell top cover.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of be applicable to situ Raman Spectroscopy characterize spectrum electrolytic cell, it is characterized in that described spectrum electrolytic tank body is connected by the mode of screw thread or close-fitting with spectrum electrolytic cell top cover.
4. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of be applicable to situ Raman Spectroscopy characterize spectrum electrolytic cell, it is characterized in that described 2nd hole is connected with contrast electrode link by the mode of screw thread or close-fitting.
5. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of be applicable to situ Raman Spectroscopy characterize spectrum electrolytic cell, it is characterized in that described spectral window sheet top is provided with O type circle.
6. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of be applicable to situ Raman Spectroscopy characterize spectrum electrolytic cell, it is characterized in that described diaphragm sealing ring is fixed on spectrum electrolytic cell top cover by the mode of close-fitting or screw thread.
7. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of be applicable to situ Raman Spectroscopy characterize spectrum electrolytic cell, it is characterized in that described groove symmetric design.
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