CN103396837B - Friction-dragging thermal cracking treatment method of household garbage - Google Patents
Friction-dragging thermal cracking treatment method of household garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN103396837B CN103396837B CN201310357266.7A CN201310357266A CN103396837B CN 103396837 B CN103396837 B CN 103396837B CN 201310357266 A CN201310357266 A CN 201310357266A CN 103396837 B CN103396837 B CN 103396837B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a friction-dragging thermal cracking treatment method of household garbage. The friction-dragging thermal cracking treatment method comprises the following steps of: S1, filling the household garbage into a sealed friction thermal cracking device; S2, carrying out frication dragging on the household garbage through the rotation of a rotor of a rotor friction-dragging unit to generate friction heat and friction dragging force, so that the household garbage is thermally cracked by friction-dragging to obtain a product mixture; S3, carrying out settling treatment on the product mixture for separating out solid product in the product mixture to obtain the solid product; and S4, carrying out gas-liquid separation treatment on the rest of the product mixture to obtain gas substance and water oil liquor. The friction-dragging thermal cracking treatment method of the household garbage is simple to operate, capable of carrying out friction-dragging thermal cracking conversion for converting the household garbage into products including the gas substance, the water oil liquor, the charcoal ash powder and the like for recycling, so that the zero-residue, zero-emission, resource-recycling, energy-resource-recycling and industrial conversion utilization of the garbage is realized, and therefore, the friction-dragging thermal cracking treatment method is environment-friendly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of garbage disposal, particularly relate to the friction towing method of thermal cracking of one way of life rubbish.
Background technology
Along with the development of society, money energy consumption and domestic refuse waste increase year by year, causing money energy shortage, rubbish for suffering from, having a strong impact on social harmonious development and ecotope.Wherein, domestic refuse mainly comprises the Litter in human activity process, mainly stationery, Plastic, rubber-like, vegetation class, dry goods, kitchen remaining, leathercraft, inorganics, metal, glass and pottery etc.According to statistics, produce domestic refuse per capita daily and be about 0.8-1.4kg, enormous amount.
The existing traditional treatment method to domestic refuse generally has the mode of compost, landfill and burning.The bad enforcement of mode of compost and effect is bad; The mode of landfill needs to take a large amount of land resources, and can cause secondary pollution to water body and soil; And the waste gas that the mode of burning is supervened enters air, air etc. is polluted.In addition, in domestic refuse, the residuum outside removing metal, glass, pottery is mostly biomass and organism, is the resource substance that can transform sex change, can be reused, and adopts traditional treatment method process, is difficult to obtain recycling utilization, causes the wasting of resources.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, provides a kind of friction towing method of thermal cracking domestic refuse being carried out the domestic refuse transforming to recycle.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the friction towing method of thermal cracking providing one way of life rubbish, comprises the following steps:
S1, domestic refuse is loaded in airtight heat of friction cracker, by the screw extrusion unit in heat of friction cracker, domestic refuse is squeezed to heat of friction cracker rotor friction tractor unit;
The rotor turns of S2, friction rotor tractor unit carries out friction towing to domestic refuse, produces heat of friction and traction, makes domestic refuse cracking, obtain mix products;
S3, mix products is carried out settlement treatment, to be separated by the solid product in mix products, obtain solid product; Described solid product comprises charcoal ashes;
S4, remaining mix products is carried out gas-liquid separation process, obtain gaseous matter and water fluid.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse of the present invention, also comprise pre-treatment before described step S1: remove the metal in described domestic refuse, glass, pottery and stone; Remaining described domestic refuse comprise in the remaining and leathercraft in stationery, Plastic, rubber-like, vegetation class, dry goods, kitchen one or more.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse of the present invention, also comprise S2.1 after described step S2, described mix products is carried out the water process of charcoal: at high temperature make the carbon in the charcoal ashes in described solid product and water vapour react and generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse of the present invention, in described step S4, also obtain flammable derivative, described flammable derivative be oily substance in described mix products be adsorbed onto the remnants be not separated described charcoal ashes on formed.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse of the present invention, in described step S2, also comprise and described domestic refuse is heated; Described Heating temperature is more than 100 DEG C.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse of the present invention, in described step S2, calorifier is adopted to heat described domestic refuse; It is inner that described calorifier is arranged on described heat of friction cracker.
Domestic refuse of the present invention friction towing method of thermal cracking in, in described step S4, described gaseous matter comprise combustible gas, nitrogen and carbonic acid gas one or more; Described water fluid comprise water, tar, can in fuel oil one or more.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse of the present invention, in described step S2, the velocity of rotation of described rotor is 1200-2800r/min.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse of the present invention, in described step S2, the surface of described rotor is smooth sphere or cone surface.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse of the present invention, in described step S3, temperature during settlement treatment is more than 100 DEG C; In described step S4, the temperature of gas-liquid separation is less than 100 DEG C.
The present invention is simple to operate, the product that towing thermo-cracking of domestic refuse being carried out rubbing changes into the solid products such as gaseous matter, water fluid and charcoal ashes recycles, realize " zero residue, zero release, innoxious, resource utilization, energy, industrialization " trans-utilization of rubbish, and environmental protection.
Embodiment
The friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
S1, domestic refuse is loaded in airtight heat of friction cracker, by the screw extrusion unit in heat of friction cracker, domestic refuse is squeezed to heat of friction cracker rotor friction tractor unit.
Usually, domestic refuse includes that stationery, Plastic, rubber-like, vegetation class, dry goods, kitchen are remaining, leathercraft, inorganics, metal, glass and pottery etc.Therefore, also pre-treatment is comprised before this step S1: metal, glass, pottery and stone in removing domestic refuse; Remaining domestic refuse comprise in the remaining and leathercraft in stationery, Plastic, rubber-like, vegetation class, dry goods, kitchen etc. one or more.When in pending domestic refuse not containing metal, glass, pottery and stone one or more time, this pre-treatment step can be saved, and directly domestic refuse is loaded in heat of friction cracker and transforms.
Above-mentioned heat of friction cracker, can include cylindric casing, and in casing, two ends are respectively equipped with screw extrusion unit and friction rotor tractor unit, and on casing, corresponding this end of screw extrusion unit is provided with opening for feed in domestic refuse loading casing.Preferably, domestic refuse is filled casing internal, and by screw extrusion unit rotational, domestic refuse is expressed to friction rotor tractor unit.This screw extrusion unit can comprise screw rod, by bolt rotary, domestic refuse is squeezed to friction rotor tractor unit.Friction rotor tractor unit can comprise rotor, for carrying out friction towing when rotating to domestic refuse.
The rotor turns of S2, friction rotor tractor unit carries out friction towing to domestic refuse, domestic refuse is rubbed and pulls thermo-cracking, obtain mix products; This mix products includes solid matter, the gaseous substance such as combustible gas, water vapour and oily substance.
In this step, domestic refuse is urged to this friction rotor tractor unit by screw extrusion unit, and pressurized and rotor contact, rotor turns carries out friction towing by its surface to domestic refuse, produce heat of friction and traction, domestic refuse is rubbed and pulls thermo-cracking.Pressure screw extrusion unit being applied to domestic refuse does not limit, and only needing can by domestic refuse extruding and friction rotor unit close contact.And, along with the increase of screw extrusion cell pressure, the increase of rotor rotation speed, to the increase of the frictional strength of domestic refuse, the heat of friction of generation and traction are then larger, and domestic refuse friction towing thermo-cracking speed is then faster, wherein macromolecular cleavage becomes small molecules, and degree of carbonization is higher.The velocity of rotation of rotor is preferably 1200-2800r/min.Rotor is metallic rotator.The surface of rotor is preferably smooth sphere or cone surface.This step S2 preferably carries out under anaerobic.
In order to accelerate the thermo-cracking efficiency of domestic refuse, in this step, also comprising and domestic refuse is heated, after household garbage dewatering charing can be accelerated like this, carry out cracking through friction rotor towing.Wherein, Heating temperature is more than 100 DEG C, as 100-600 DEG C.Preferably, calorifier can be adopted to heat domestic refuse, it is inner that this calorifier is arranged on heat of friction cracker, heated by calorifier heating.Calorifier is inner between friction rotor tractor unit and screw extrusion unit at heat of friction cracker, and is formed with preheating zone between friction rotor tractor unit and screw extrusion unit; Calorifier is mainly to being arranged on shell inwall preheating zone.Calorifier can adopt electro-induction calorifier.Domestic refuse by screw extrusion unit take to this preheating zone be preheated after with rotor pressing contact, rub on rotor surface towing by rotor turns, generation rubs and pulls thermo-cracking.
In step S2 transforms, the outside surface of heat of friction cracker can reach 85-420 DEG C.
S3, mix products is carried out settlement treatment, to be separated by the solid product in mix products, obtain solid product.
The mix products that domestic refuse produces after cracking includes solid product, the gaseous substance such as combustible gas, water vapour and oily substance.Solid product collects to recycle after being separated.This solid product mainly comprises charcoal ashes.
Be separated the solid product obtained and comprise charcoal ashes; And be mainly charcoal ashes, include carbon in charcoal ashes, also containing various metals.This carbon ashes can be used for: produce carbon fertile, submitted oneself to by carbon in soil, reduces carbon to airborne release; Activated carbon processed, carbon black; Charcoal is converted into combustible gas, generates carbon monoxide and hydrogen as at high temperature reacted with water vapour, or be mixed and made into water-gas etc. with coal.
In this step S3, temperature during settlement treatment is more than 100 DEG C, can ensure that water vapour etc. can not be that water and solid product are mixed at this phase condensation.Settlement treatment can adopt settling vessel to realize, and this settling vessel is connected to the below of heat of friction cracker respective rotor friction tractor unit and is communicated with heat of friction cracker inside.Domestic refuse enters in settling vessel after friction towing thermo-cracking carries out sedimentation.Form negative area bottom settling vessel, the solid product settled down can accumulate in negative area, and can collect recycling.Remaining mix products (mainly containing the gaseous substances such as water vapour and oily substance) then enters next step by this settling vessel.Further, spiral exhaust unit can be established in negative area, solid product is discharged; Described spiral exhaust unit can comprise screw rod, solid product can be discharged the outlet of one end, negative area setting, to collect recycling by screw rod directional rotating.
Before this step S3, namely also can comprise S2.1 after step S2, mix products is carried out the water process of charcoal: at high temperature make the carbon in the charcoal ashes in mix products and water vapour react and generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.The carbon monoxide obtained by the water process of charcoal and hydrogen, can increase the final output obtaining combustible gas in gaseous matter in product.The water process of charcoal can adopt the water device of charcoal to realize, and the water device of this charcoal is connected between settling vessel and heat of friction cracker, and mix products can be made after charing process to be delivered to settling vessel again.
S4, remaining mix products is carried out gas-liquid separation process, obtain gaseous matter and water fluid.
Remaining compounding substances includes the gaseous substance such as water vapour and combustible gas and oily substance.In this step S4, the temperature of gas-liquid separation is less than 100 DEG C.Be less than under the environment of 100 DEG C, water vapour is condensable is water, thus is separated with other gaseous substances.The oily substance that in gaseous substance, some molecules are larger can be separated with water with water vapor condensation.The preferred 70-90 DEG C of temperature of gas-liquid separation.This step obtain gaseous matter comprise combustible gas, nitrogen and carbonic acid gas one or more; Combustible gas comprises H
2, O
2, CO and CH
4, C
2h
2, C
2h
4, C
2h
6deng CxHy(CxHy: hydrocarbon gas, x, y are nonzero integer) in one or more.Combustible gas can be used for fuel gas generation, makes fuel gas etc.; Carbonic acid gas can be used for producing carbonate and CO
2fertile etc.; Nitrogen can be used for producing nitrogenous fertilizer, industrial nitrogen etc.Water fluid comprise water, tar and can in fuel oil one or more.
In addition, this step also can obtain flammable derivative, flammable derivative be the oily substance in mix products be adsorbed onto the remnants be not separated charcoal ashes on formed.The charcoal ashes of the remnants be not separated refers to it is in precipitation step, have part (or few part) charcoal ashes not sedimentation go down, and to be transported in gas-liquid separation step with gaseous substance.In gas-liquid separation process, the oily substance that in gaseous substance, some molecules are larger is with water vapor condensation, and usual oily substance has flammable feature, and condensed oily substance can be attached on remaining charcoal ashes, namely form flammable derivative, can export with water fluid.Flammable derivative fuel value is high, can make fuel.
Gas-liquid separation process can adopt gas-liquid separator to realize.This gas-liquid separator is connected to settling vessel side, and can be positioned at above negative area.All the other mix products after settlement treatment are transported in this gas-liquid separator and carry out gas-liquid separation.Gas-liquid separator comprises the housing with two-layer sidewall, and the space Cooling Water circulation between two-layer sidewall, to lower the temperature, regulates the temperature of gas-liquid separation process.The water fluid obtained after condensation exports with recycling by the liquid outlet of gas-liquid separator lower end, and gaseous matter then exports by the air outlet of gas-liquid separator upper end with recycling.
Embodiment 1-3
Get domestic refuse in garbage pool at random, removing glass, metal, pottery and stone wherein, loaded in heat of friction cracker, processed by treatment process of the present invention.Each embodiment domestic refuse inversion quantity and thermo-cracking after product are as shown in following table 1, table 2.
The each embodiment raw material weight of table 1. and thermo-cracking after product
Attached: inversion quantity (kg)=initiator doses (kg)-residue unconverted material amount (kg).
In above-described embodiment, the heat of friction cracker of employing: diameter 1000mm, length 6000mm; Screw rod in screw extrusion unit: diameter 990mm, length 2000mm; Rotor: diameter 980mm; Settling vessel: volume 2.5-4m
3; Gas-liquid separator: volume 2.5-4m
3.
From above-mentioned table 1 data, treatment process changing effect of the present invention is good, very well domestic refuse can be converted into the products such as gaseous matter, water fluid and solid product to recycle.
Obtaining product component to embodiment 1-3 detects as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2. embodiment 1-3 product component detected result
Attached: "-" expression does not detect
Examination criteria: GB/T21923-2008 " solid biomass fuel inspection general rule ", NY/T12-1985 " biomass fuel test of heating value method ", JY/T017-1996 " elemental analyser method general rule ", JY/T020-1996 " ion look general analytical procedure general rule ", SH/T0246-2004 " in oils Water content determination method (coulometry) ".
From above-mentioned table 2, each product of domestic refuse all can comprise gaseous matter (containing combustible gas), water fluid and charcoal ashes solid product etc., and concrete composition can be different according to the difference of the source of domestic refuse, contained kind.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the friction towing method of thermal cracking of one way of life rubbish, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1, domestic refuse is loaded in airtight heat of friction cracker, by the screw extrusion unit in heat of friction cracker, domestic refuse is squeezed to heat of friction cracker rotor friction tractor unit;
The rotor turns of S2, friction rotor tractor unit carries out friction towing to domestic refuse, produces heat of friction and traction, makes domestic refuse thermo-cracking, obtain mix products;
S3, mix products is carried out settlement treatment, to be separated by the solid product in mix products, obtain solid product; Described solid product comprises charcoal ashes; Temperature during settlement treatment is more than 100 DEG C;
S4, remaining mix products is carried out gas-liquid separation process, obtain gaseous matter and water fluid; The temperature of gas-liquid separation is less than 100 DEG C;
In described step S4, also obtain flammable derivative, described flammable derivative be oily substance in described mix products be adsorbed onto the remnants be not separated described charcoal ashes on formed; In gas-liquid separation process, the larger oily substance of the molecule in gaseous substance is with water vapor condensation.
2. the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise pre-treatment before described step S1: remove the metal in described domestic refuse, glass, pottery and stone; Remaining described domestic refuse comprise in the remaining and leathercraft in stationery, Plastic, rubber-like, vegetation class, dry goods, kitchen one or more.
3. the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise after described step S2:
S2.1, described mix products is carried out the water process of charcoal: at high temperature make the carbon in the charcoal ashes in the solid product of mix products and water vapour react and generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
4. the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step S2, also comprise and heating described domestic refuse; Described Heating temperature is more than 100 DEG C.
5. the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in described step S2, adopts calorifier to heat described domestic refuse; It is inner that described calorifier is arranged on described heat of friction cracker.
6. the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S4, described gaseous matter comprises combustible gas, nitrogen and carbonic acid gas; Described water fluid comprises water and can fuel oil.
7. the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S2, the velocity of rotation of described rotor is 1200-2800r/min.
8. the friction towing method of thermal cracking of domestic refuse according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S2, the surface of described rotor is smooth sphere or cone surface.
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| CN101616970A (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-12-30 | 恩尔卡特S.R.L.公司 | Be used to make the molecular structure cracked equipment of long chain organic substances |
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| DE2943537A1 (en) * | 1979-10-27 | 1981-05-07 | Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau Gmbh, 3000 Hannover | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING COAL WITH HYDROGEN INTO HYDROCARBON |
| CN101054528A (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2007-10-17 | 佩德罗·瑟瓦·巴塞罗 | Method for obtaining liquid hydrocarbon by splitting C/H atom |
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| CN101616970A (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-12-30 | 恩尔卡特S.R.L.公司 | Be used to make the molecular structure cracked equipment of long chain organic substances |
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| 城市生活垃圾热解气化研究进展;方少曼等;《绿色科技》;20110731(第7期);第90-92页 * |
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