CN103396816B - Friction-dragging thermal cracking method of biomass - Google Patents
Friction-dragging thermal cracking method of biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN103396816B CN103396816B CN201310357269.0A CN201310357269A CN103396816B CN 103396816 B CN103396816 B CN 103396816B CN 201310357269 A CN201310357269 A CN 201310357269A CN 103396816 B CN103396816 B CN 103396816B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention discloses a friction-dragging thermal cracking method of biomass. The friction-dragging thermal cracking method of the biomass comprises the following steps of: filling the biomass in a sealed friction thermal cracking device, extruding the biomass to a rotor friction dragging unit in the friction thermal cracking device by a spiral extruding unit in the friction thermal cracking device; S2, carrying out friction-dragging on the biomass by virtue of the rotation of a rotor of the rotor friction-dragging unit, so that the biomass is thermally cracked by the friction-dragging to obtain a product mixture; S3, carrying out settling treatment on the product mixture for separating out the solid product charcoal ash in the product mixture; and S4, carrying out gas-liquid separation on the rest of the product mixture to obtain crude fuel gas and water oil liquor. The friction-dragging thermal cracking method of the biomass is simple to operate, and capable of carrying out friction-dragging thermal cracking for converting the biomass into the products including combustible gas, the water oil liquor, the charcoal ash powder and the like, so that the zero-residue, zero-emission, resource-recycling, energy-resource-recycling and industrial development utilization of the biomass is realized, and therefore, the friction-dragging thermal cracking method is environment-friendly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biomass processes field, particularly relate to a kind of friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass.
Background technology
Biomass, include the organic substance such as fowl and animal excrement and waste in the lignocelluloses such as the stalk in agroforestry production process except grain, fruit, trees, farming industry tankage, agriculture and forestry organic waste material and Animal husbandry production process.Biomass resource have wide material sources, standing stock huge, easily focus on, low stain and the feature such as renewable, application potential is huge.
The biomass of stalk etc. often adopt in field or open incineration process by tradition, and not only spoiled soil structure, also pollutes the environment, and causes the waste of biomass resource.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, provides a kind of friction towing thermal-cracking method biomass being carried out the biomass transforming to recycle.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the friction towing thermal-cracking method providing a kind of biomass, comprises the following steps:
S1, biomass are loaded in airtight heat of friction cracker, by the screw extrusion unit in heat of friction cracker biomass are squeezed to the friction rotor tractor unit in heat of friction cracker;
The rotor turns of S2, friction rotor tractor unit carries out friction towing to biomass, biomass is rubbed and pulls thermo-cracking, obtain mix products;
S3, mix products is carried out settlement treatment, to be separated by the solid product comprising charcoal ashes in mix products;
S4, remaining mix products is carried out gas-liquid separation process, obtain thick combustion G&W fluid.
In the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass of the present invention, the solid product charcoal ashes in described mix products; Also comprise S2.1 after described step S2, described mix products is carried out the water process of charcoal: at high temperature make the carbon in the charcoal ashes in described mix products and water vapour react and generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
In the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass of the present invention, in described step S4, also obtain flammable derivative, described flammable derivative be oily substance in described mix products be adsorbed onto the remnants be not separated described charcoal ashes on formed.
In the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass of the present invention, in described step S2, also comprise and described biomass are heated; Described Heating temperature is more than 100 DEG C.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of biomass of the present invention, in described step S2, calorifier is adopted to heat described biomass; It is inner that described calorifier is arranged on described heat of friction cracker; Heated by described calorifier heating, accelerate described biomass dehydration carbonization speed.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of biomass of the present invention, in described step S3, temperature during settlement treatment is more than 100 DEG C; In described step S4, the temperature of gas-liquid separation is less than 100 DEG C.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of biomass of the present invention, in described step S4, described thick combustion gas to comprise in combustible gas, nitrogen and carbonic acid gas one or more; Described water fluid comprise water, tar and can in fuel oil one or more.
In the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass of the present invention, in described step S2, the velocity of rotation of described rotor is 1200-2800r/min.
In the friction towing method of thermal cracking of biomass of the present invention, in described step S2, the surface of described rotor is smooth sphere or cone surface.
In the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass of the present invention, described biomass comprise agriculture and forestry organic waste material and animal excrement.
The present invention is simple to operate, biomass are carried out heat of friction cracking to change into the product such as the solid products such as charcoal ashes, flammable G&W fluid and recycle, realize the biomass energy exploitation of " zero residue, zero release, innoxious, resource utilization, energy, industrialization ", and environmental protection.
Embodiment
The friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
S1, biomass are loaded in airtight heat of friction cracker, by the screw extrusion unit in heat of friction cracker biomass are squeezed to the friction rotor tractor unit in heat of friction cracker.
Described biomass comprise agriculture and forestry organic waste material and animal excrement.Wherein, agriculture and forestry organic waste material comprises stalk, straw, wood chip, branch, leaf, weeds, corn cob, bagasse, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae etc.
Above-mentioned heat of friction cracker, can include cylindric casing, and in casing, two ends are respectively equipped with screw extrusion unit and friction rotor tractor unit, and on casing, corresponding this end of screw extrusion unit is provided with opening for feed in biomass loading casing.Preferably, biomass are filled casing internal, and by screw extrusion unit rotational, biomass are expressed to friction rotor tractor unit.This screw extrusion unit can comprise screw rod, by bolt rotary, biomass is squeezed to friction rotor tractor unit.Friction rotor tractor unit can comprise rotor, for carrying out friction towing when rotating to biomass.
The rotor turns of S2, friction rotor tractor unit carries out friction towing to biomass, biomass is rubbed and pulls thermo-cracking, obtain mix products.
In this step, biomass are squeezed to this friction rotor tractor unit by screw extrusion unit, and and rotor contact, rotor turns carries out friction towing by its surface to biomass, can produce heat of friction and traction, biomass is rubbed and pulls thermo-cracking.Pressure screw extrusion unit being applied to biomass does not limit, only need can by biomass extruding to friction rotor unit pressurized close contact.And, along with the increase of screw extrusion cell pressure, the increase of rotor rotation speed, to the increase of the frictional strength of biomass, the heat of friction of generation and traction are then larger, and biomass friction towing thermo-cracking speed is then faster, wherein macromolecular cleavage becomes small molecules, and degree of carbonization is higher.The velocity of rotation of rotor is preferably 1200-2800r/min.Rotor is metallic rotator.The surface of rotor is preferably smooth sphere or cone surface.This step S2 preferably carries out under anaerobic.
Wherein, biomass are by the extruding of screw extrusion unit and the friction of friction rotor tractor unit in heat of friction cracker, and rotor orientation high-speed rotation friction towing biomass, produce heat of friction and traction, heat energy makes biomass molecule capacitation, and molecular thermalmotion strengthens in a heated condition, bonding electrons transition, electron motion range extension, radius becomes large, magnetism diminishes, and binding force weakens, in enlivening state.Enliven state macromole, suppressing under the strong friction towing run up with rotor orientation, generation traction is greater than the magnetism in chemical structure, direct friction towing destroys hybridized orbital electronic cloud structure, make into the electron detachment track of key, chemical bond rupture, functional group departs from, carbochain brisement, causes molecular dehydration charing, cracking generation multicomponent mix products.
In order to accelerate the thermo-cracking efficiency of biomass, in this step, also comprising and biomass are heated, biomass dehydration carbonization speed can be accelerated like this.Heating temperature is more than 100 DEG C, as 100-600 DEG C.Preferably, calorifier can be adopted to heat biomass, it is inner that this calorifier is arranged on heat of friction cracker; Heated by calorifier heating, accelerate biomass dehydration carbonization speed.Calorifier is inner between friction rotor tractor unit and screw extrusion unit at heat of friction cracker, and is formed with preheating zone between friction rotor tractor unit and screw extrusion unit; Calorifier is mainly to being arranged on outer casing inner wall preheating zone.Calorifier can adopt electro-induction calorifier.Biomass are squeezed to after this preheating zone is preheated by screw extrusion unit, pressurized and rotor contact, to be rubbed towing, friction towing thermo-cracking occurs by rotor turns on rotor surface.
In step S2 process, the outside surface of heat of friction cracker can reach 85-420 DEG C.
S3, mix products is carried out settlement treatment, to be separated by the solid product comprising charcoal ashes in mix products, obtain the solid product comprising charcoal ashes.
The mix products that biomass produce after cracking includes solid product, water vapour, H
2, O
2, CH
4, CO, C
2h
2, C
2h
4, C
2h
6, N
2and CO
2deng gaseous substance and oily substance, solid product mainly comprises for charcoal ashes.Solid product collects to recycle after being separated.
Be separated the charcoal ashes obtained, mainly include carbon, also containing various metals.This charcoal ashes can be used for: produce carbon fertile, submitted oneself to by carbon in soil, reduces carbon to airborne release; Activated carbon processed, carbon black; Charcoal is converted into combustible gas, generates carbon monoxide and hydrogen as at high temperature reacted with water vapour, or be mixed and made into water-gas etc. with coal.
In this step S3, temperature during settlement treatment is more than 100 DEG C, can ensure that water vapour etc. can not be mixed by the charcoal ashes in this phase condensation is water and solid product.Settlement treatment can adopt settling vessel to realize, and this settling vessel is connected to the below of friction towing thermal cracker respective rotor friction tractor unit and pull with friction that thermal cracker is inner to be communicated with.Sedimentation is carried out when namely biomass are transported in settling vessel by friction rotor tractor unit after friction towing thermo-cracking.Form negative area bottom settling vessel, the solid product settled down can accumulate in negative area, and can collect recycling.Remaining mix products (mainly containing the gaseous substances such as water vapour and oily substance) then enters next step by this settling vessel.Further, spiral exhaust unit can be established in negative area, solid product is discharged; Described spiral exhaust unit can comprise screw rod, solid product can be discharged the outlet of one end, negative area setting, to collect recycling by screw rod directional rotating.
Before this step S3, namely also can comprise S2.1 after step S2, mix products is carried out the water process of charcoal: at high temperature make the carbon of the charcoal ashes in mix products and water vapour react and generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.The carbon monoxide obtained by the water process of charcoal and hydrogen, can increase the final output obtaining combustible gas in gaseous matter in product.The water process of charcoal can adopt the water device of charcoal to realize, and the water device of this charcoal is connected between settling vessel and heat of friction cracker, and mix products can be made after charing process to be delivered to settling vessel again.
S4, remaining mix products is carried out gas-liquid separation process, obtain thick combustion G&W fluid.
Remaining compounding substances includes the gaseous substance such as water vapour and combustible gas and oily substance.In this step S4, the temperature of gas-liquid separation is less than 100 DEG C.Be less than under the environment of 100 DEG C, water vapour is condensable is water, thus is separated with other gaseous substances.The oily substance that in gaseous substance, some molecules are larger can be separated with water with water vapor condensation.The preferred 70-95 DEG C of temperature of gas-liquid separation.The thick combustion gas that this step obtains to comprise in combustible gas, nitrogen and carbonic acid gas one or more; Combustible gas comprises H
2, O
2, CO and CH
4, C
2h
2, C
2h
4, C
2h
6deng CxHy(CxHy: hydrocarbon gas, x, y are nonzero integer) in one or more.Combustible gas can be used for fuel gas generation, makes fuel gas etc.; Carbonic acid gas can be used for producing carbonate and CO
2fertile etc.; Nitrogen can be used for producing nitrogenous fertilizer, industrial nitrogen etc.Water fluid comprise water, tar, can in fuel oil one or more.
In addition, this step also can obtain flammable derivative, flammable derivative be the oily substance in mix products be adsorbed onto the remnants be not separated charcoal ashes on formed.The charcoal ashes of the remnants be not separated refers to when in precipitation step, have part (or few part) charcoal ashes not sedimentation go down, and to be transported in gas-liquid separation step with gaseous substance.In gas-liquid separation process, the oily substance that in gaseous substance, some molecules are larger is with water vapor condensation, and usual oily substance has flammable feature, and condensed oily substance can be attached on remaining charcoal ashes, namely form flammable derivative, can export with water fluid.Flammable derivative fuel value is high, can make fuel.
Gas-liquid separation process can adopt gas-liquid separator to realize.This gas-liquid separator is connected to settling vessel side, and can be positioned at above negative area.All the other mix products after settlement treatment are transported in this gas-liquid separator and carry out gas-liquid separation.Gas-liquid separator comprises the housing with two-layer sidewall, and the space Cooling Water circulation between two-layer sidewall, to lower the temperature, regulates the temperature of gas-liquid separation process.The water fluid obtained after condensation exports with recycling by the liquid outlet of gas-liquid separator lower end, and gaseous matter then exports by the air outlet of gas-liquid separator upper end with recycling.
With specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail below.
Embodiment 1-2
Get wood chip at random, load in heat of friction cracker, processed by treatment process of the present invention.Embodiment 1,2 feedstock conversion amount and thermo-cracking after product are as shown in following table 1, table 2.
Embodiment 3-4
Get the biomass that weeds, straw, withe leaf and wood chip mix, load in heat of friction cracker, processed by treatment process of the present invention, embodiment 3,4 feedstock conversion amount is as shown in table 1 below.
The each embodiment raw material weight of table 1. and thermo-cracking after product
Attached: inversion quantity (kg)=initiator doses (kg)-residue unconverted material amount (kg).
In above-described embodiment, the heat of friction cracker of employing: diameter 1000mm, length 6000mm; Screw rod in screw extrusion unit: diameter 990mm, length 2000mm; Rotor: diameter 980mm; Settling vessel: volume 2.5-4m
3; Gas-liquid separator: volume 2.5-4m
3.
From above-mentioned table 1 data, treatment process changing effect of the present invention is good, can very well Wood Adhesives from Biomass be become thick combustion gas, water fluid and charcoal ashes the product such as solid product to recycle.
The product component detected result of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 sees the following form 2.
Table 2. embodiment 1,2 product component detected result
Wherein "-" be not for detect.
Each product of the various embodiments described above all can comprise combustible gas, water fluid and charcoal ashes solid product etc., and concrete composition can be different according to the difference of each embodiment raw material (as embodiment 3,4).
Detect standard used: GB/T21923-2008 " solid biomass fuel inspection general rule ", NY/T12-1985 " biomass fuel test of heating value method ", JY/T017-1996 " elemental analyser method general rule ", JY/T020-1996 " ion look general analytical procedure general rule ", SH/T0246-2004 " in oils Water content determination method (coulometry) ")
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a friction towing thermal-cracking method for biomass, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1, biomass are loaded in airtight heat of friction cracker, by the screw extrusion unit in heat of friction cracker biomass are squeezed to the friction rotor tractor unit in heat of friction cracker;
The rotor turns of S2, friction rotor tractor unit carries out friction towing to biomass, biomass is rubbed and pulls thermo-cracking, obtain mix products;
S3, mix products is carried out settlement treatment, to be separated by the solid product comprising charcoal ashes in mix products;
S4, remaining mix products is carried out gas-liquid separation process, obtain thick combustion G&W fluid; Wherein, in described step S4, also obtain flammable derivative, described flammable derivative be oily substance in described mix products be adsorbed onto the remnants be not separated described charcoal ashes on formed, in gas-liquid separation process, the larger oily substance of the molecule in gaseous substance is with water vapor condensation;
Wherein, in described step S3, temperature during settlement treatment is more than 100 DEG C; In described step S4, the temperature of gas-liquid separation is less than 100 DEG C.
2. the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise S2.1 after described step S2, described mix products is carried out the water process of charcoal: at high temperature make the carbon in the charcoal ashes in described mix products and water vapour react and generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
3. the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step S2, also comprise and heating described biomass; Described Heating temperature is more than 100 DEG C.
4. the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in described step S2, adopts calorifier to heat described biomass; It is inner that described calorifier is arranged on described heat of friction cracker; Heated by described calorifier heating, accelerate described biomass dehydration carbonization speed.
5. the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S4, described thick combustion gas to comprise in combustible gas, nitrogen and carbonic acid gas one or more; Described water fluid comprise water, tar and can in fuel oil one or more.
6. the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S2, the velocity of rotation of described rotor is 1200-2800r/min.
7. the friction towing thermal-cracking method of biomass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S2, the surface of described rotor is smooth sphere or cone surface.
8. the friction towing thermal-cracking method of the biomass according to any one of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, described biomass comprise agriculture and forestry organic waste material and animal excrement.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4316873A (en) * | 1979-10-27 | 1982-02-23 | Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau Gmbh | Apparatus for converting coal to hydrocarbons by hydrogenation |
| CN101616970A (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-12-30 | 恩尔卡特S.R.L.公司 | Be used to make the molecular structure cracked equipment of long chain organic substances |
-
2013
- 2013-08-15 CN CN201310357269.0A patent/CN103396816B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4316873A (en) * | 1979-10-27 | 1982-02-23 | Hermann Berstorff Maschinenbau Gmbh | Apparatus for converting coal to hydrocarbons by hydrogenation |
| CN101616970A (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-12-30 | 恩尔卡特S.R.L.公司 | Be used to make the molecular structure cracked equipment of long chain organic substances |
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| CN103396816A (en) | 2013-11-20 |
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