CN103391163A - Sending and receiving method and system for CBTC (Communications-Based Train Control) data with distributed fountain codes - Google Patents
Sending and receiving method and system for CBTC (Communications-Based Train Control) data with distributed fountain codes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transmission method and system for CBTB vehicle-ground data with distributed fountain codes. The system comprises components such as a ground-distributed fountain code coding and decoding device and a vehicle onboard fountain code coding and decoding device, the ground-distributed fountain code coding and decoding device not only can transmit data to an optical fiber backbone network after coding the data of a CBTC control center, but also can lead data packets from the optical fiber backbone network to be subjected to virtual trunking and decode the data packets, and transmit recovered data after the decoding to the CBTC control center; the vehicle onboard fountain code coding and decoding device can not only lead data packets received from vehicle onboard transceiver antennas to be subjected to virtual trunking and decoding, and transmit the recovered data after the decoding to a VOBC (Vehicle Onboard Controller), but also can send the data transmitted by the VOBC through the vehicle onboard transceiver antennas of the head and the rear of a vehicle after coding the data. The transmission method and system for CBTB vehicle-ground data with the distributed fountain codes can be used for vehicle-ground data transmission and overcomes the defects of CBTC handoff interrupt, low equipment utilization rate and needing at least one line of complete data during a decoding process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to data communication technology field, relate in particular to a kind of CBTC data send and receive method and system that adopt distributed fountain codes.
Background technology
In the modern railway transportation system, become the focus of car-ground communications field research based on communication train control system (Communication-Based Train Control, CBTC).CBTC can carry out between the train of running at high speed and ground two-way, continuous, Large Volume Data transmission.
CBTC shortens the operation interval by Moving Block Technology in UMT, improves the operational efficiency of train and the flexibility of system.In the CBTC system, Vehicle Controller (Vehicle Onboard Controller, VOBC) carries out locomotive velocity measuring and location on one's own initiative, and positional information is sent to trackside zone controller (Zone Controller, ZC) by wireless channel.ZC is responsible for following the trail of all trains of circuit and, for train calculates mobile authorization (Movement Authority, MA), forms the movable block interval (Moving B1ock) of train, and prevent that any other train from entering.Vehicle Controller is controlled the current state of train by the MA order that receives ZC, and guarantees in any least favorable situation, and train can overshoot distance and target velocity.
As shown in Figure 1, the CBTC system mainly comprises Vehicle Controller, zone controller, computer interlock (Computer Interlocking, CI), train automatic monitoring system (Automatic Train Supervision, ATS), data storage cell (Database Storage Unit, DSU) and data transmission system (Data Communication System, DCS).
Under wireless propagation environment, multipath fading, Doppler effect and the interference that produces due to sleety weather all will affect the electric field strength of receiving terminal, bring error code, and therefore, the error protection in car-ground radio communication is most important.
In the CBTC system, car-ground communication work is completed by data transmission system.Data transmission system realizes the two-way information interaction between CBTC system ground installation and car ground equipment, is the core of CBTC system.Data transmission system mainly comprises: ground backbone network, wireless trackside access point, in-vehicle wireless device.
In order to solve the communication disruption that causes due to handover, the CBTC data communication system is used a whole set of redundancy structure, independent parallel work.increase redundancy system configuration afterwards as shown in Figure 2, wherein AP11 and AP12 are installed on the other same position of track, AP21 and AP22 are installed on the other same position of track, antenna corresponding to two AP on same position is respectively towards two different directions, respectively with the wireless device association of front and back two last vehicle of train and head, two AP forward identical communication message, AP11 is connected the first switch and is connected the connection of optical fiber backbone net with the AP21 data, AP12 is connected the second switch and is connected the connection of optical fiber backbone net with the AP22 data, as long as the control appliance on ground control centre or train is received the complete message that any one AP sends, just can realize normal transmission.
Can improve the reliability of CBTC system by the employing redundancy structure, but redundancy structure causes high buying and operation cost.Simultaneously also there is limitation in this method, when the single network transmission goes wrong, adopts redundancy structure can guarantee that the CBTC system can use; But when two Internet Transmissions go wrong simultaneously, adopt the CBTC system of redundancy structure unavailable equally.
The concept of digital fountain code is proposed in 1998 by Luby the earliest, and the concept of so-called digital fountain code just refers to can regard the process that sends code word of constantly encoding as a fountain, and innumerable ground is water spray droplet outwards.Receiving terminal is the water tumbler of a similar water receiving.Due to the independent random of each code word, every block codewords all comprises information source information, and what receiving terminal and being indifferent to received is " where dripping ".So during through erasure channel, the arbitrary portion of deletion coded message, can not affect other symbolic information and participate in decoding.Fountain codes is initially erasure channel design.Along with deepening continuously of fountain codes theoretical research, find fountain codes almost can be under various channels the communication performance of elevator system.
Luby has proposed efficient feasible fountain codes---the LT code of the first in 2002.Thereafter, in order to solve the shortcomings such as LT code decoding space-time is fixing, the people such as Shokrollahi are doing further improvement aspect the LT code coding/decoding time, and improved novel fountain codes is named as the Raptor code, has realized the coding and decoding performance of near ideal.
The people such as the Ahlswede of Hong Kong Chinese University have proposed this concept of network code (Network Coding, NC) first in 2000.The via node of network code not only is used for the route relaying, simultaneously the information from different links is carried out coded combination, thereby improves efficiency of transmission.Network code can effectively increase network throughput and improve network performance, but, because there is no strong encoding mechanism, causes generally decoding very difficult.And fountain codes is because there is the existence of its degree distribution, so decoding complexity is lower.Network code and fountain codes are all the stochastic linear codes, at mathematics, communicate in essence.Wherein network code is asked for linear combination at via node to packet, and fountain codes in cataloged procedure, obtains coded identification by source symbol is asked for XOR.Network code and fountain codes are merged mutually effective code length that can increase fountain codes, thereby improve the transmission performance of coding.Not only can greatly increase network throughput, simultaneously the computation complexity of decoding end be reduced greatly.
Distributed fountain codes mainly contains following two kinds of realization approachs:
1, the distributed LT code (Distributed LT codes, DLT) that proposes of the people such as Puducheri.It is the evolution to the LT code, by a plurality of sub-coded combinations, is formed.The DLT code decomposes the LT code, by a plurality of information source node, encodes and these coded identifications is carried out xor operation reach.The system configuration of DLT code comprises a plurality of information source node, secondary saltus step, single destination node.This method can provide the coded identification sequence that meets healthy and strong orphan's degree distribution (Robust Soliton Distribution, RSD) (information source adopts degree of deconvoluting to distribute, and via node has the selection XOR) for the decoding end.The shortcoming of this method is variation and the sensitivity thereof of this method for the number of signal sources, in case have information source node to add or withdraw from whole system, in system, the cataloged procedure of all information source node all must be revised thereupon.In addition, the DLT algorithm also is not suitable for a fairly large number of situation of information source node, and all information source node all must be known in real time in system what information source node are arranged actually.
2, the soliton-like that proposed in 2011 of the people such as Andrew is without rate code (Soliton-Like Rateless Coding, SLRC).It can combine fountain codes better with Y type network code.The advantage of SLRC is the reneging transmission network that it can tolerate information source node, or has information source node to add transmission network midway.In SLRC, each information source node all adopts healthy and strong orphan's degree distribution of standard to encode, and each information source node does not need to know the state of all the other information source node.The decoding expense of SLRC has reduced 5% than DLT code.
By the calibration technologies such as fountain codes technology and CRC or FEC erasure techniques are combined, can be so that wireless channel be converted to erasure channel.Simultaneously due to after the fountain codes coding, the correct coding symbol quantity that receiving terminal only need to receive just can carry out decoding than the quantity of legacy data symbol is more, decode procedure need not to consider the order of the coded identification that receives, and need not automatic request for repetition for corrupted or lost data symbol and also can guarantee the reliability of data.Therefore based on the technical characterstic of fountain codes, use it for transfer of data between car ground and can further promote the performance of CBTC system.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: how to solve existing CBTC handover and interrupt, need that utilization rate of equipment and installations in redundant system, CBTC data transmission system is low, the deficiency of at least one road of decode procedure needs partial data.
in order to solve the prior art problem, the embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of car-ground data send and receive of CBTC system that adopts distributed fountain codes, comprise CBTC control centre, core switch, distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder, distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder, the first optical fiber backbone net, the second optical fiber backbone net, the first switch, the second switch, forward direction trackside dual-mode antenna, backward trackside dual-mode antenna, the headstock dual-mode antenna, tailstock dual-mode antenna, vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder and Vehicle Controller, CBTC control centre is connected end and connects with distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder by core switch, the distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder other end connects the first optical fiber backbone net and the second optical fiber backbone net one end, the first optical fiber backbone net other end is connected with the backward trackside dual-mode antenna that is connected with headstock is communicated by letter by the first switch, the second optical fiber backbone net other end by the second switch be connected the forward direction trackside of with the tailstock, communicating by letter dual-mode antenna and be connected, distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder both can be with from the first optical fiber backbone net, the packet of the second optical fiber backbone net carries out virtual trunk and decoding, with the transfer of data of reducing after decoding to CBTC control centre, after also the data of CBTC control centre can being encoded, be transferred to the first optical fiber backbone net, the second optical fiber backbone net, vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder is positioned on train, vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder one end and headstock dual-mode antenna, tailstock dual-mode antenna connects, the vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder other end is connected with Vehicle Controller, vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder both can will be received from the headstock dual-mode antenna, the packet of tailstock dual-mode antenna carries out virtual trunk and decoding, with the transfer of data of reducing after decoding to Vehicle Controller, after the data that also Vehicle Controller can be transmitted are encoded, by the headstock dual-mode antenna, tailstock dual-mode antenna sends.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a kind of car-ground data transmission method of CBTC that adopts distributed fountain codes.Send data method comprising a kind of ground control centre to Vehicle Controller, comprise the following steps:
Control centre carries out the packing packing with information of giving the approach train to be transmitted and obtains packet, with Packet Generation to the distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder that is positioned at control centre;
Fountain codes encoder in distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder carries out the fountain codes coding to the packet that receives, packet after grouping is regarded as the source symbol of fountain codes coding, and the fountain codes encoder produces the coded identification data bag from the same source character subset continually;
Error correction in distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder or entangle and delete coder and take packet as unit, the coded identification data bag that comes from the same source assemble of symbol is encoded, and send coding symbol number according to wrapping to trackside positioning transceiving antenna, be sent to the Vehicle Controller of train by wireless channel;
If control centre receives the feedback signal that data message that Vehicle Controller sends receives and carries out the transmission of next data message or wait for new task indication; If do not receive that feedback signal continues the coded identification data bag after error correction or erasure code is transferred to trackside positioning transceiving antenna continually, until data are sent.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a kind of method that Vehicle Controller receives the ground control centre data, comprise the following steps:
The dual-mode antenna at train two ends receives respectively the data from trackside positioning transceiving antenna, the received data of the reception antenna at train two ends are under the jurisdiction of the different coding character subset of same source symbol set, both can overlap therebetween, also can be separate, two coded identification subset sums must be complete or collected works;
The coded identification data bag that the dual-mode antenna at train two ends will receive is transferred to the error correction of distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder or entangles and delete decoder, error correction or entangle and delete decoder the packet that receives is carried out completeness check, carry out the packet that error correction maybe will comprise mistake and delete, with accurate Packet Generation to virtual trunk nodes encoding device;
Virtual trunk nodes encoding device adopts the via node algorithm that defines in distributed fountain codes, selectively the data that receive is directly forwarded, and is forwarded in buffer memory after perhaps the two paths of data XOR being processed;
Vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder carries out decoding to the fountain codes coded data packet that is stored in buffer memory, if the data packet number that the coded data packet quantity in buffer memory is slightly larger than former packing packing just can decoding success, former data message is reduced, and the data information transfer after reduction is to Vehicle Controller; If negligible amounts in buffer memory, continue the received code packet, and from each antenna reception to packet do not distinguish order, do not mind the packet loss of transmitting procedure;
Vehicle Controller after receiving data message, sends confirmation signal to trackside positioning transceiving antenna, represents that this task completes; Otherwise, do not send this confirmation signal.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a kind of Vehicle Controller control centre's transmission data method earthward, comprise the following steps:
Vehicle Controller carries out the packing packing with information of giving control centre to be transmitted and obtains packet, with Packet Generation to the vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder that is positioned on train;
Fountain codes encoder in vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder carries out the fountain codes coding to the packet that receives, packet after grouping is regarded as the source symbol of fountain codes coding, and the fountain codes encoder produces the coded identification data bag from the same source character subset continually;
In vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder, error correction or erasure code device are encoded to the coded identification data bag that comes from the same source assemble of symbol take packet as unit, coded identification data bag by two antennas of the headstock tailstock after with error correction or erasure code transfers to trackside positioning transceiving antenna continually, by each layer switch and optical fiber backbone net, is sent to control centre;
If Vehicle Controller is received the feedback signal that data message that control centre sends receives and is carried out the transmission of next data message or wait for new task indication; If do not receive that feedback signal continues the coded identification data bag after with error correction or erasure code by two dual-mode antennas of the headstock tailstock and transfers to continually trackside positioning transceiving antenna, continue to send uncompleted data message.
The embodiment of the invention also discloses a kind of method that ground control centre receives the Vehicle Controller data, comprise the following steps:
The data that trackside positioning transceiving antenna reception transmits from train, the received data of trackside positioning transceiving antenna are under the jurisdiction of the different coding character subset of same source symbol set, both can overlap therebetween, also can be separate, two coded identification subset sums must be complete or collected works;
The coded identification data bag that receives is transferred to the error correction of distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder or entangles and delete decoder by optical fiber backbone net and each layer switch, error correction or entangle and delete decoder the packet that receives is carried out error checking and correction, error correction maybe will comprise the data symbol of mistake deletes, with accurate Packet Generation to virtual trunk nodes encoding device;
Virtual trunk nodes encoding device adopts the via node algorithm that defines in distributed fountain codes, selectively the data that receive is directly forwarded, and is forwarded in buffer memory after perhaps the two paths of data XOR being processed;
Distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder carries out decoding to the fountain codes coded data packet that is stored in buffer memory, if the data packet number that the coded data packet quantity in buffer memory is slightly larger than former packing packing just can decoding success, former data message is reduced, and the data information transfer after reduction is to control centre; If negligible amounts in buffer memory, continue the received code packet, and from each antenna reception to packet do not distinguish order, do not mind the packet loss of transmitting procedure;
Control centre after receiving data message, sends confirmation signal to the approach train, represents that this task completes; Otherwise, do not send this confirmation signal.
Adopt the beneficial effect of the car-ground data transmission method of CBTC of distributed fountain codes to be:
1) adopt the car-ground transfer of data of distributed fountain codes CBTC, control centre can carry out unified decoded operation to the information from different transmission networks from Vehicle Controller.In the two cover data that obtain of transmission networks and when imperfect, as long as the partial data that two cover transmission networks receive can cover whole source symbols, decoder still can be worked as usual.Compare with the redundancy structure CBTC system of at least one road of needs partial data, improved availability.
2) adopt distributed fountain codes, the CBTC data transmission system need not to be equipped with redundance unit in whole car-ground communication process, just can eliminate interruption and time delay that handover procedure causes, has got rid of sham cut and has changed the possibility that causes communication disruption.
3) adopt distributed fountain codes, the CBTC system can be saved stand-by equipment, reduces system cost.
4) with distributed fountain codes with error correction, entangle and delete coder and be combined, any wireless channel can be converted to erasure channel.Decline can be changed by probability of erasure the impact of data with Doppler frequency shift.The car-ground data transfer of CBTC becomes the fountain codes coding and decoding process under binary erasure channel, can make that bit error rate is reduced to that fountain codes can reach 10
-6To 10
-8The order of magnitude.
Description of drawings
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, by the detailed description with reference to following, can more completely understand better the present invention and easily learn wherein many advantages of following, but accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, form a part of the present invention, illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used for explaining the present invention, do not form to improper restriction of the present invention, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structure chart for CBTC in prior art.
Fig. 2 is the CBTC data transmission system schematic diagram for the available technology adopting redundancy structure.
Fig. 3 is CBTC handover schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 adopts the CBTC data transmission system schematic diagram of distributed fountain codes in embodiment.
Fig. 5 is distributed fountain coder workflow in embodiment.
Fig. 6 is distributed fountain decoder workflow in embodiment.
Fig. 7 adopts the CBTC data transmission system workflow of distributed fountain codes in embodiment.
Fig. 8 is the network topology model in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 adopts the CBTC data transmission system transmission performance analogous diagram of distributed fountain codes in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Figure 10 is CBTC data communication system handover schematic diagram.
Figure 11 is the transmission performance analogous diagram of CBTC data communication system under switching in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Describe with reference to Fig. 1-11 pair embodiments of the invention.
For above-mentioned purpose, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, the present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of CBTC handover.Figure comprises three residential quarter Z
1, Z
2, Z
3.Adopt traditional approach, train is from bottom to top by this highway section, and the antenna that is positioned at headstock and the tailstock respectively carries out twice handover.Each switching all needs to carry out the conversion of main equipment and stand-by equipment, totally four times.Adopt the car-ground transfer of data of distributed fountain codes CBTC, train does not need to be equipped with the interruption that two complete equipments cause with the reply handover.
Train travels from bottom to top, adopts method of the present invention, experiences following process:
1) train driving is at residential quarter Z
1, be positioned at headstock and communicate by letter with BS1 with the antenna of the tailstock.At this moment, transmission network is Y type network.
2) at residential quarter Z
1, Z
2Between Zone switched in, the signal from BS1 and BS2 that the headstock antenna reception arrives.Along with train travels from bottom to top, the impact that is subject to path fading from the signal of BS1 dies down gradually, from the signal of BS2 grow gradually.At first train head carries out handover.Meanwhile, tailstock antenna still is in residential quarter Z
1In, and with BS1, keep stable transfer.Transmission network deteriorates to point to point network by Y type network.
3) the train tailstock sails residential quarter Z into
1, Z
2Between Zone switched in, in the time of need to carrying out handover, the headstock antenna has been completed handover work, and with BS2, sets up stable communications.
4) antenna of the tailstock is completed handover, and transmission network becomes Y type network again by point to point network.
5) train sails residential quarter Z into
2, process afterwards repeats above step, repeats no more.
Adopt the car-ground data transmission system of CBTC of distributed fountain codes only to experience transport network topology structural change process in handover, can not produce interruption.
Fig. 4 is system schematic of the present invention, wherein in the vehicle-mounted part 200 of CBTC control centre 100 and train, respectively be equipped with a cover to have and entangle distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder 3 and the vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder 14 of deleting function, in this embodiment, the front end of fountain codes coder entangles and deletes coder and set forth as an example of CRC example.The vehicle-mounted part of train is equipped with a vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder 14.Vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder 14 is connected with tailstock dual-mode antenna 13 with headstock dual-mode antenna 12.Vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder 14 both can carry out virtual trunk and decoding with the packet that is received from positioning transceiving antenna headstock dual-mode antenna 12 and positioning transceiving antenna tailstock dual-mode antenna 13, with the transfer of data of reducing after decoding to Vehicle Controller 15, after also the data that Vehicle Controller 15 transmits can being encoded, by headstock dual-mode antenna 12 and tailstock dual-mode antenna 13, send.
Connecting control centre 1 distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder 3 of core switch 2 front ends outfits with backbone network.Distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder 3 is connected with the second optical fiber backbone net 5 with the first optical fiber backbone net 4.Distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder 3 both can carry out virtual trunk and decoding with the packet from the first optical fiber backbone net 4 and the second optical fiber backbone net 5, with the transfer of data of reducing after decoding to control centre 1, after also the data of control centre 1 can being encoded, be transferred to the first optical fiber backbone net 4 and the second optical fiber backbone net 5.
In the present embodiment, distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder 3 is identical with vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder 14 structures.Fig. 5, Fig. 6 have provided the workflow of the distributed fountain codes coder that adopts in the embodiment of the present invention.The coding﹠decoding function of distributed fountain codes coder is overlapped independently algorithm by two and is realized.This patent is described in detail these two functions in conjunction with the encoding and decoding process.
As shown in Figure 5, in cataloged procedure, distributed fountain codes encoder obtains information source data (S31) from front end.Information source number is the distributed fountain codes encoder of form input of packet according to this.If the information source data are not packed by packing, distributed fountain codes encoder will divide into groups to the information source data, obtain information source packet (S32).In encoder, the CRC encoder is encoded take packet as unit (S33), is sent to the fountain codes encoder after the CRC coding and carries out fountain codes coding (S34), and so far the cataloged procedure of fountain codes has namely been accused.
As shown in Figure 6, in decode procedure, at first distributed fountain codes decoder carries out respectively CRC check (S41) to each circuit-switched data bag that receives.Only have the coded identification by verification just can be sent to virtual trunk nodes encoding device, otherwise, with its deletion (S42).Virtual trunk nodes encoding device adopts the via node algorithm of SLRC, selectively coded identification is forwarded or XOR summation processing (S43).Packet after being encoded again by virtual trunk nodes encoding device is delivered to the buffer area of fountain codes decoder, and the fountain codes decoder starts decoding (S44) after receiving the coded identification of sufficient amount, restore initial data (S45).
Fig. 7 has provided the workflow of the CBTC data transmission system that adopts distributed fountain codes.Fig. 7 both can be used for describing CBTC control centre and send the process of data to Vehicle Controller, also can be used for describing Vehicle Controller and send the process of data to CBTC control centre.
According to Fig. 7, at first with CBTC control centre, to Vehicle Controller, send the angle of data, the running of whole system is set forth:
1, in control centre, the information of approach train of giving to be transmitted is carried out the packing packing, in this embodiment, former data are distributed into 12 packets and are sent to the distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder (S51) that is positioned at control centre.
2, the fountain codes coder in distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder carries out the LT coding to the packet that receives, and the packet after grouping is regarded as the source symbol of fountain codes coding.In the present embodiment, obtain 16 coded identification data bags (S52) after 12 source symbol codings.
3, in distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder, the CRC coder is encoded take bag as unit (can encode take a plurality of packets as unit in implementation process), and after the CRC coding, data packet number is still 16.Data packet transmission after distributed fountain codes coder is encoded CRC is to two unjacketed optical fiber backbone networks (S53).
4, the coded identification data bag after the optical fiber backbone net is encoded CRC transfers to two cover trackside positioning transceiving antennas (S54).At T constantly, the train trackside positioning transceiving antenna of passing through, the dual-mode antenna that is positioned at the train two ends receives respectively coded identification data bag X
1With X
2(S55).
As shown in Figure 7, Vehicle Controller receives the data that CBTC control centre sends, and the running of whole system is described below:
1, the positioning transceiving antenna at train two ends is with coded identification data bag X
1With X
2Be transferred to the CRC coder of vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder.The CRC coder carries out CRC check to the packet that receives, and will comprise the data symbol deletion of mistake, with accurate Packet Generation to virtual trunk nodes encoding device (S61).
2, virtual trunk nodes encoding device according to following rule to coded identification data bag X
1With X
2Carry out virtual trunk (wherein the numerical value of λ is set) (S62):
A) according to being uniformly distributed generating random variable U on (0,1).If (deg[X
1]=1 ∨ 2) ∧ (deg[X
2]=1 ∨ 2) and U≤λ, keep at random X
1Or X
2In one, another abandons.
B) if deg[X
1]=1 ∨ deg[X
1]=2 and U≤λ, directly with X
1Forward Y=X
1.
C) if deg[X
2]=1 ∨ deg[X
2]=2 and U≤λ, directly with X
2Forward Y=X
2.
D) if above condition does not meet,
Y is the data of the coded identification again bag that obtains after virtual trunk.Virtual trunk can be realized by software.
3, vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder is stored in (S63) in buffer memory with the Y of coded identification again that T obtains constantly, and at this moment, before adding, 15 packets of storage, preserved 16 packets in buffer memory, possesses the condition of decoding success.Carry out LT decoding (S64), decoder together carries out fountain codes decoding with these 16 packets and restores former data (S65).
4, the data that obtain after reducing of vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder send to Vehicle Controller.
5, Vehicle Controller send to be confirmed message that current data is sent to control centre, informs that current task completes, and prepares carry out the transmission of next round data or carry out other compulsory exercise.Current task finishes.
Below, according to Fig. 7, with the angle of Vehicle Controller to CBTC control centre transmission information, the running of whole system is set forth:
, according to Fig. 7, at first with the angle of Vehicle Controller to CBTC control centre transmission data, the running of whole system is set forth:
1, Vehicle Controller carries out testing the speed and locating of train on one's own initiative, and the positional information that obtains is carried out the packing packing, and in this embodiment, former data are distributed into 12 packets and are sent to vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder (S51).
2, the fountain codes coder in vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder carries out the LT coding to the packet that receives, and the packet after grouping is regarded as the source symbol of fountain codes coding.In the present embodiment, obtain 16 coded identification data bags (S52) after 12 source symbol codings.
3, in vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder, the CRC coder is encoded take bag as unit (can encode take a plurality of packets as unit in implementation process), and after the CRC coding, data packet number is still 16.Data packet transmission after distributed fountain codes coder is encoded CRC is to the dual-mode antenna (S53) at train two ends.
4, the coded identification data bag after the dual-mode antenna at train two ends is encoded CRC transfers to two cover trackside positioning transceiving antennas (S54).At T constantly, the train trackside positioning transceiving antenna of passing through, receive respectively coded identification data bag X near the trackside positioning transceiving antenna at train two ends
1With X
2(S55).
As shown in Figure 7, CBTC control centre receives the data that Vehicle Controller sends, and the running of whole system is described below:
1, trackside positioning transceiving antenna is with coded identification data bag X
1With X
2Be transferred to the CRC coder of distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder by switches at different levels and optical fiber backbone net.The CRC coder carries out CRC check to the packet that receives, and the data symbol that will comprise mistake is deleted, with accurate Packet Generation to virtual trunk nodes encoding device (S61).
2, virtual trunk nodes encoding device according to following rule to coded identification data bag X
1With X
2Carry out virtual trunk (wherein the numerical value of λ is set) (S62):
A) according to being uniformly distributed generating random variable U on (0,1).If (deg[X
1]=1 ∨ 2) ∧ (deg[X
2]=1 ∨ 2) and U≤λ, keep at random X
1Or X
2In one, another abandons.
B) if deg[X
1]=1 ∨ deg[X
1]=2 and U≤λ, directly with X
1Forward Y=X
1.
C) if deg[X
2]=1 ∨ deg[X
2]=2 and U≤λ, directly with X
2Forward Y=X
2.
D) if above condition does not meet,
Y is the data of the coded identification again bag that obtains after virtual trunk.Virtual trunk can be realized by software.
3, distributed fountain codes coder is stored in (S63) in buffer memory with the Y of coded identification again that T obtains constantly, and at this moment, before adding, 15 packets of storage, preserved 16 packets in buffer memory, possesses the condition of decoding success.Carry out LT decoding (S64), decoder together carries out fountain codes decoding with these 16 packets and restores former data (S65).
4, the data that obtain after distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder will reduce send to control centre.
5, control centre send to confirm message that current data is sent to train, informs that current task completes, and prepares carry out the transmission of next round data or carry out other compulsory exercise.Current task finishes.
Fig. 8 has provided the network topology model of the embodiment of the present invention.The embodiment of the present invention will be carried out emulation based on this model.Topological model comprises two information source node S
1, S
2, information source node is by the data of via node N to destination node T transmission equal length, and the coded data set in two information source node is the subset of total data.Via node receives only the single encoded symbol from each information source node in single time slot.The data that via node will receive are carried out limited processing, and are transmitted to destination node., for such Y type network, can transmit data by following dual mode:
1, two information source node S
1, S
2Use different LT codes, independently at its data subset
In information is separately encoded, generate coded identification
Via node adopts time-multiplexed mode, at odd number time time slot, forwards from S
1Data, forward from S at even number time time slot
2Data.
2, two information source node S
1, S
2Use different LT codes, independently at its data subset
In information is separately encoded, generate coded identification
Via node is to being received from node S
1, S
2Symbol encode again, generate coded identification { Y
r: t=0 ... 0, N-1} also is transferred to destination node.
First kind of way is the parallel decoding scheme, and the system efficiency of transmission is lower.Adopt in existing redundancy structure CBTC data transmission system and directly adopt fountain codes just to be equivalent to adopt the parallel decoding scheme.The second way has adopted fountain codes and network coding technique, in the further deal with data of via node to improve system effectiveness.
Fig. 9 is for adopting the CBTC data transmission system transmission performance emulation of distributed fountain codes.Emulation is carried out in a network shown in Figure 8.Whole system will be transmitted 2000 source symbols.While adopting the DLT code, cataloged procedure adopts degree of deconvoluting to distribute, and while adopting the SLRC code, the employing parameter is Ω
rsHealthy and strong orphan's degree of (1000,0.03,0.5) distributes.Due to the impact of channel and the difference of locus, in the situation that the most extreme, the data that two reception antennas receive cover respectively 50% of total data, and under traditional transmission means, two antennas all fail and receive the bust this of total data meaning.This extreme case is by two separate information source node emulation, and the coded identification of two information source node transmissions is all obtained by diverse 1000 source symbols coding.Via node adopts respectively the via node algorithm of DLT code and SLRC code to carry out relaying.Coded data again after relaying transfers to destination node and carries out decoding.Emulation is reruned 2000 times.
Can find out by simulation result, headstock and tailstock antenna receive respectively 50% of full detail, adopt the distributed fountain codes still can be successfully decoded.And the transmission performance while adopting distributed fountain codes will obviously be better than the performance of redundancy structure parallel decoding scheme.Fountain codes is adopted parallel decoding, there is no interference between two cover LT codes.Distributed fountain codes can be so that at receiving terminal, and coded identification all comes from the one and same coding process, can give play to the fountain codes code length longer, the advantage that performance is more excellent.(bit error rate is 10 to adopt distributed fountain codes only to need under redundancy structure parallel decoding scheme 2/3rds decoding expense just can reach identical performance
-6The order of magnitude).
Figure 10 has provided the system configuration of CBTC data communication system generation relay swicthing.In the case, an antenna, owing to carrying out handover operation, can't work.Adopt the CBTC data transmission system of distributed fountain codes to be transformed to the unicast form.
When Figure 11 has provided the CBTC data communication system and relay swicthing occurs, adopt the transmission performance of distributed fountain codes.In order to tackle handover case, the present invention requires distributed fountain codes to have good tolerance to the unexpected off-line of information source node.Carry out the performance comparison of two kinds of distributed fountain codes under this extreme case.Comparing result shows, the DLT code is unavailable when relay swicthing appears in the CBTC data communication system.And the SLRC code has good tolerance to the off-line of information source node, and adopting the distributed fountain codes decode procedure of SLRC code only need to receive the data that are equivalent to 1.5 times of information source length just can 100% decoding success.
Although more than described the specific embodiment of the present invention, but those skilled in the art is to be understood that, these embodiments only illustrate, those skilled in the art in the situation that do not break away from principle of the present invention and essence, can carry out various omissions, replacement and change to the details of said method and system.For example, merge the said method step, thereby according to the identical method of essence, carry out the identical function of essence, to realize the identical result of essence, belong to scope of the present invention.Therefore, scope of the present invention is only limited by appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. the car-ground data send and receive of a CBTC system that adopts distributed fountain codes, is characterized in that: comprise CBTC control centre, core switch, distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder, the first optical fiber backbone net, the second optical fiber backbone net, the first switch, the second switch, forward direction trackside dual-mode antenna, backward trackside dual-mode antenna, the headstock dual-mode antenna, tailstock dual-mode antenna, vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder and Vehicle Controller, CBTC control centre is connected end and connects with distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder by core switch, the distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder other end connects the first optical fiber backbone net and the second optical fiber backbone net one end, the first optical fiber backbone net other end is connected with the backward trackside dual-mode antenna that is connected with headstock is communicated by letter by the first switch, the second optical fiber backbone net other end by the second switch be connected the forward direction trackside of with the tailstock, communicating by letter dual-mode antenna and be connected, distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder both can be with from the first optical fiber backbone net, the packet of the second optical fiber backbone net carries out virtual trunk and decoding, and the transfer of data of reducing after decoding, to CBTC control centre, after also the data of CBTC control centre can being encoded, is transferred to the first optical fiber backbone net, the second optical fiber backbone net, vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder is positioned on train, vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder one end and headstock dual-mode antenna, tailstock dual-mode antenna connects, the vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder other end is connected with Vehicle Controller, vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder both can will be received from the headstock dual-mode antenna, the packet of tailstock dual-mode antenna carries out virtual trunk and decoding, with the transfer of data of reducing after decoding to Vehicle Controller, after the data that also Vehicle Controller can be transmitted are encoded, send by headstock dual-mode antenna and tailstock dual-mode antenna.
2. a ground control centre sends the method for data to Vehicle Controller, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Control centre, with information packing packing of giving the approach train to be transmitted, obtains packet, with Packet Generation to the distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder that is positioned at control centre;
Fountain codes encoder in distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder carries out the fountain codes coding to the packet that receives, and the packet after grouping is regarded as the source symbol of fountain codes coding, and the fountain codes encoder produces coded identification data bag continually;
Error correction in distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder or entangle and delete coder and take packet as unit, coded identification data bag is encoded, and send coding symbol number according to wrapping to trackside positioning transceiving antenna, be sent to the Vehicle Controller of train by wireless channel;
, if the feedback signal that data message that Vehicle Controller sends receives is received by control centre, carry out the transmission of next data message or wait for new task indication; If the feedback signal of not receiving, continue the coded identification data bag after error correction or erasure code is transferred to trackside positioning transceiving antenna continually, until data are sent.
3. a Vehicle Controller receives the method for ground control centre data, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
The dual-mode antenna at train two ends receives respectively the data from trackside positioning transceiving antenna, the received data of the dual-mode antenna at train two ends are under the jurisdiction of the different coding character subset of same source symbol set, both can overlap therebetween, also can be separate, two coded identification subset sums must be complete or collected works;
The coded identification data bag that the dual-mode antenna at train two ends will receive is transferred to the error correction of vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder or entangles and delete decoder, error correction or entangle and delete decoder the packet that receives is carried out completeness check, carry out the packet that error correction maybe will comprise mistake and delete, with accurate Packet Generation to virtual trunk nodes encoding device;
Virtual trunk nodes encoding device adopts the via node algorithm that defines in distributed fountain codes, selectively the data that receive is directly forwarded, and is forwarded in buffer memory after perhaps the two paths of data XOR being processed;
Vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder carries out decoding to the fountain codes coded data packet that is stored in buffer memory, if the data packet number that the coded data packet quantity in buffer memory is slightly larger than former packing packing just can decoding success, former data message is reduced, and the data information transfer after reduction is to Vehicle Controller; If negligible amounts in buffer memory, continue the received code packet, and from each antenna reception to packet do not distinguish order, do not mind the packet loss of transmitting procedure;
Vehicle Controller after receiving data message, sends confirmation signal to trackside positioning transceiving antenna, represents that this task completes; Otherwise, do not send this confirmation signal.
A Vehicle Controller earthward control centre send the method for data, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Vehicle Controller carries out the packing packing with the information to control centre to be transmitted and obtains packet,
With Packet Generation to the vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder that is positioned on train;
Fountain codes encoder in vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder carries out the fountain codes coding to the packet that receives, and the packet after grouping is regarded as the source symbol of fountain codes coding, and the fountain codes encoder produces coded identification data bag continually;
In vehicle-carrying distribution fountain codes coder, error correction or erasure code device are encoded to coded identification data bag take packet as unit, coded identification data bag by headstock, tailstock dual-mode antenna after with error correction or erasure code transfers to trackside positioning transceiving antenna continually, then by each layer switch and optical fiber backbone net, is sent to control centre;
If Vehicle Controller is received the feedback signal that data message that control centre sends receives and is carried out the transmission of next data message or wait for new task indication; If do not receive that feedback signal continues the coded identification data bag after with error correction or erasure code by headstock, tailstock dual-mode antenna and transfers to continually trackside positioning transceiving antenna, continue to send uncompleted data message.
5. a ground control centre receives the method for Vehicle Controller data, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
The data that trackside positioning transceiving antenna reception train transmits, the received data of trackside positioning transceiving antenna are under the jurisdiction of the different coding character subset of same source symbol set, both can overlap therebetween, also can be separate, two coded identification subset sums must be complete or collected works; The coded identification data bag that receives is transferred to the error correction of distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder or entangles and delete decoder by optical fiber backbone net and each layer switch, error correction or entangle and delete decoder the packet that receives is carried out error checking and correction, error correction maybe will comprise the data symbol of mistake deletes, with accurate Packet Generation to virtual trunk nodes encoding device;
Virtual trunk nodes encoding device adopts the via node algorithm that defines in distributed fountain codes, selectively the data that receive is directly forwarded, and is forwarded in buffer memory after perhaps the two paths of data XOR being processed;
Distribution on ground formula fountain codes coder carries out decoding to the fountain codes coded data packet that is stored in buffer memory, if the data packet number that the coded data packet quantity in buffer memory is slightly larger than former packing packing just can decoding success, former data message is reduced, and the data information transfer after reduction is to control centre; If negligible amounts in buffer memory, continue the received code packet, and from each antenna reception to packet do not distinguish order, do not mind the packet loss of transmitting procedure;
Control centre after receiving data message, sends confirmation signal to the approach train, represents that this task completes; Otherwise, do not send this confirmation signal.
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