CN103390797B - For the near field antenna of ultrahigh frequency reader-writer - Google Patents

For the near field antenna of ultrahigh frequency reader-writer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103390797B
CN103390797B CN201310332340.XA CN201310332340A CN103390797B CN 103390797 B CN103390797 B CN 103390797B CN 201310332340 A CN201310332340 A CN 201310332340A CN 103390797 B CN103390797 B CN 103390797B
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antenna
reactance
circuit
loop
electric capacity
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CN103390797A (en
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杨平清
吴晓文
张河木
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XIAMEN XINDECO IOT TECHNOLOGY Ltd
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XIAMEN XINDECO IOT TECHNOLOGY Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of near-field coupling antenna for ultrahigh frequency reader-writer, and it comprises at least one antenna loop; The loop that described antenna loop is made up of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit, the connected mode of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit is: the first end of antenna circuit and the second end and reactance regulating circuit compose in parallel closed-loop path; Described antenna circuit comprises multiple conducting line segment, series capacitance C between adjacent wires section, and described conducting line segment is the wire in metal wire or printed board.The present invention is easy to realize, and compared with theory of the prior art, has very strong practicality.

Description

For the near field antenna of ultrahigh frequency reader-writer
Technical field
The invention belongs to near-field coupling field of antenna, be specifically related to a kind of near-field coupling antenna for ultrahigh frequency reader-writer.
Background technology
Radio-frequency (RF) identification and RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) technology, also known as electronic tag, radio frequency identification, it is a kind of communication technology, read and write related data by radio signals identification specific objective, and without the need to setting up machinery or optical contact between recognition system and specific objective.Rfid interrogator also divides portable with fixed, and current RFID technique application is very wide, as: library, gate control system, food security is traced to the source.Conventional rfid interrogator has low frequency (125k-134.2K), high frequency (13.56MHz), hyperfrequency (860-960MHz) and microwave frequency band (more than 2.4GHz) etc.
The basic composition of ultrahigh frequency reader-writer comprises reading and writing device antenna, coupling element and chip, reads or write label information.Wherein, reading and writing device antenna plays key effect in ultrahigh frequency reader-writer.Reading and writing device antenna divides according to operating distance, can be divided near field antenna and far field antenna.The near field read-write device antenna working in hyperfrequency is highly suitable for work in narrow space.Because near field antenna is only closely locating just there is stronger electromagnetic field, the intensity of distance electromagnetic fields slightly far away is sharply weakening, and the far gain of this antenna is very low, so the large-area metal around antenna can't have an impact to the performance of antenna.
Because ultrahigh frequency band near field RFID reader-writer antenna has a lot of premium properties, a lot of company and individual have done many correlative studys, and have product to come out.
The electromagnetic field of microstrip antenna is mainly distributed in microstrip line with the space on ground, and less to external radiation, the reading/writing distance of the sky pair identification tag utilizing this principle to manufacture experimently is also little.Can be used as near field antenna in the application to use.Above-mentioned near field antenna is actual is that electromagnetic field by reducing outgoing realizes, and when needing stronger electromagnetic field in near-field region (the 4R function as NXP all needs to produce in specific region the power of more than 10dBm), above-mentioned microstrip antenna is also inapplicable.
Based on above-mentioned situation, Impinj company proposes a lot based on the antenna of coupling loop; Siemens company proposes a kind of loop antenna amounted to; The people such as Daniel M.Dobkin propose a kind of loop antenna by lumped capacitor compensation of phase; In above-mentioned patent, be all utilize the magnetic field of closed annular antenna generation needed for near-field coupling.For improving the effect in magnetic field, ring is divided into multistage, utilize electric capacity to connect each section of ring separately, electric capacity plays the effect of compensation of phase wherein.As shown in Figure 1, it places the electric capacity (the coupling loop equivalence of Impinj is an electric capacity) of a suitable parameters to its concrete antenna circuit near every little section lead.The delayed phase of two sections, front and back utilizing electric capacity to offset electric field to produce leading above-the-line promotion, thus make the electric field phase at each wire place in whole coil roughly the same, whole coil can be considered one everywhere current phase roughly just as current element combination.Due to electric current at two effluents of symmetry on the contrary, thus the radiation that each current element is remotely producing cancels each other.Therefore remotely radiation effect is poor.Produce magnetic field and strengthen mutually producing hub of a spool region and the normal orientation current element because of symmetrical side, corresponding magnetic field comparatively single conductor produces magnetic field and is eager to excel.Above-mentioned principle utilizes electric capacity and the resonance of wire on specific frequency to realize on loop, and electric field phase is substantially identical everywhere.But the problem which is brought is difficult to realize matched well in the frequency band range of needs.
Assuming that in FIG, the Frequency point of the capacitor resonance of every little section lead and connection is f 0, the capacitance of series connection is C 0; The inductance of wire is L 0, the quality factor of wire are Q 0, whole circuit has electric capacity and the wired in series of N.Have accordingly:
2*π*L 0*f 0=1/(2*π*f 0*C 0) (1)
Now the induction reactance of every little section lead cancels each other with the capacitive reactance of the electric capacity of connecting, and total reactive component of antenna circuit is zero.Circuit impedance is the resistance sum of each section lead.The now impedance of antenna circuit is:
Z 0=N*2*π*f 0*L 0/Q 0(2)
When frequency is by f 0be reduced to f 1time, the induction reactance of every little section lead is 2* π * L 0* f 1, induction reactance has changed 2* π * L 0* (f 1-f 0); Frequency departure is larger, and induction reactance change greatly.
The electric capacity capacitive reactance of neighbouring series connection with it is: 1 2 * π * C 0 f 1 ≈ 1 2 * π * C 0 f 0 + 1 2 * π * C 0 f 0 * f 0 - f 1 f 0 . Capacitive reactance adds frequency decreasing value is larger, and capacitive reactance added value is larger.Visible when frequency reduces, the reactance of the electric capacity of each section lead and series connection and be no longer zero, but:
1 2 * π * C 0 f 0 * f 1 - f 0 f 0 + 2 * π * L 0 ( f 1 - f 0 ) .
On loop, every section lead, electric capacity and other wire, electric capacity form series relationship, and the total reactance in loop is N* (2* π * L 0* (f 2-f 0)+2* π * L 0* (f 1-f 0)).Similarly to analyze when frequency is increased to f 2time, the total reactance in loop is when electric capacity number as series connection reaches 10, be on height two Frequency points of 1% apart from resonance frequency, when the total reactance of circuit about becomes resonance frequency capacitive reactance (or induction reactance) 40%! Assuming that the quality factor of wire is 100, above-mentioned change is almost 4 times of antenna all-in resistance.
Because the resistive component of above-mentioned antenna of marching into the arena is very little, generally need to add match circuit again, because reactive component alters a great deal, above-mentioned antenna is after for resonance frequency Point matching, impedance variation in working band on height two Frequency points can be very large, reaches applicable degree hardly.
See from above-mentioned analysis, although adopt capacitances in series wire way can realize near field function at resonance frequency place, the change because of reactive component causes it can only be applied in minimum frequency range, almost without using value.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provide a kind of have very strong practicality, for the near-field coupling antenna of ultrahigh frequency reader-writer, its reading/writing distance is strict controlled within the scope of grade, well solve above-mentioned deficiency.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of near-field coupling antenna for ultrahigh frequency reader-writer, comprise at least one antenna loop, described antenna loop is made up of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit two part, the loop that described antenna loop is made up of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit, the connected mode of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit is: the first end of antenna circuit and the second end and reactance regulating circuit compose in parallel closed-loop path.Described antenna circuit is connected to form by multiple conducting line segment and the electric capacity C be connected between conducting line segment the annular being close to and closing, and each wire of separation can be metal wire, also can be the track on circuit board.In actual applications, the length of these wires, width, thickness can be different, and these conducting line segments are chief components of near field antenna, and the shape of conducting line segment composition can be the arbitrary shape suited the requirements.Conducting line segment is connected for regulating each conducting line segment electric field phase and realizing high frequency by the electric capacity between line.The parameter of electric capacity C can the induction reactance of one section of metal wire be advisable, to make starting point electrical signal phase on each wire unanimous on the whole near centre frequency place offsets just.If wire is in printed board, can estimate by following formula for the capacitance parameter of offsetting wire phase shift:
C = 10 7 8 × f 2 × π 2 × L × ( l n 2 × L W + 0.5 + 0.2235 × W L ) ; In formula, L is the length of conducting line segment, and unit is rice (m), and W is the width of conducting line segment, and unit is rice (m), and f is the frequency of resonance point, and unit is hertz (Hz); The unit of electric capacity is farad (F).Electric capacity C is relevant to the conducting line segment (metal wire) near feed end, and above-mentioned parameter is the relevant parameter of the conducting line segment near feed end.
The antenna modulated according to above-mentioned requirements, near resonance frequency, can obviously strengthen at antenna loop internal magnetic field, and outside ring and longer-distance magnetic field can obviously be weakened, and reaches the effect of near field antenna.
For strengthening antenna magnetic field, antenna loop can be provided with multiple, is of coupled connections between multiple antenna loop by electric capacity C2.Coupling between antenna loop is the coupling between wire in fact, and the coupling between this with the conducting line segment in individual antenna circle is the same, and the calculating of the electric capacity C2 therefore between its antenna loop can adopt above-mentioned formula to estimate, that is:
C 2 = 10 7 8 × f 2 × π 2 × L × ( l n 2 × L W + 0.5 + 0.2235 × W L ) . Now, L is the length of the antenna loop near feed end, and unit is rice (m), and W is the width of this antenna loop, can be approximate width, and unit is rice (m), and f is the frequency of resonance point, and unit is hertz (Hz); The unit of electric capacity is farad (F).
Further, described antenna loop is the antenna loop of the various shapes suited the requirements, and comprises the coil antenna loop of annular or the squaerial loop of rectangle.Preferably rectangular-shaped squaerial loop is adopted in the present invention.
Reactance regulating circuit is directly parallel in two ends of antenna circuit.Reactance regulating circuit comprises at least one reactance regulon, if reactance regulon has multiple, the plurality of reactance regulon is connected in parallel, and described reactance regulon is realized by electric capacity C1 and inductance L 1 parallel connection.Reactance regulon also can be one or more, each reactance regulon forms antiresonant circuit by an electric capacity and an inductance in parallel, equal resonance on the resonant frequency point of antenna circuit, for offsetting in antenna circuit because of reactance change that frequency is brought; Parameter and the group number of reactance regulon need to choose according to the concrete condition of antenna circuit.The principle that reactance regulating circuit can offset reactance change is: when higher than resonance frequency, and the impedance of the antenna circuit of series connection shows as induction reactance, and frequency shift (FS) is larger, and induction reactance value is larger.Reactance regulon in parallel is showing as capacitive reactance higher than resonance frequency, and frequency shift (FS) is larger, and capacitive reactance is more obvious, and after antenna circuit is in parallel with reactance regulating circuit, the reactance change of equivalent electric circuit can be effectively reduced.Same when lower than resonance frequency, the capacitive reactance of antenna circuit can because also being effectively reduced adding of reactance regulating circuit.Choose the reactance change of the antenna circuit that appropriate reactance regulating circuit parameter energy basic neutralisation brings because of frequency change.
The connection of antenna loop and match circuit can be differential mode or single ended mode.Under differential mode, antenna two end connects the differential ends of difference channel, under single ended mode, and the direct ground connection of the other end of antenna.
The method for designing of this near field antenna, except can be used for uhf band, also can be used for the frequency band that other are lower or higher.At higher frequency band, electric capacity, the inductance of reactance regulating circuit can realize with microstrip line, and the electric capacity C of antenna circuit is less because of required capacitance, and conducting line segment can be adopted to have the mode partially overlapped to realize.
The present invention, by adopting said structure, compared with prior art, better can expand the operating frequency range of near field antenna.The annular being close to and closing is connected to form by multiple conducting line segment and the electric capacity C be connected between conducting line segment, realize the near-field coupling antenna being used for ultrahigh frequency reader-writer, its reading/writing distance is strict controlled within the scope of grade, the evaluation method of an electric capacity C is provided in addition, facilitate user to be coupled.Meanwhile, also by arranging multiple antenna loop to strengthen antenna magnetic field, such user decides to need how many antenna loops by calculating, convenient and practical, and high-precisionly can meet the real needs of user.The present invention is easy to realize, and compared with theory of the prior art, has very strong practicality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is near field antenna schematic diagram of the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of embodiments of the invention 2;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of embodiments of the invention 3;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of embodiments of the invention 4.
Embodiment
Now the present invention is further described with embodiment by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
As a specific embodiment, with reference to Fig. 2, a kind of near-field coupling antenna for ultrahigh frequency reader-writer of the present invention, comprising at least one antenna loop (is an antenna loop in the present embodiment, if multiple antenna loop, then connected by capacitive coupling between them.), this antenna loop can be the antenna loop of the coil antenna loop of annular or the squaerial loop of rectangle or other satisfactory shapes, in the present embodiment, adopts squaerial loop.The loop that described antenna loop is made up of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit, the connected mode of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit is: the first end of antenna circuit and the second end (i.e. two ends of antenna circuit, also be feed side Input1 and Input2 of antenna loop, the first end of antenna circuit is designated as Input1, the second end of antenna circuit is designated as Input2) compose in parallel closed-loop path with reactance regulating circuit.Meanwhile, in the feed side of antenna circuit, Input1 and Input2 two ends can exchange.
Described antenna circuit is connected to form by multiple conducting line segment and the electric capacity C be connected between conducting line segment the annular being close to and closing, and each conducting line segment can be metal wire, also can be the wire (track) in printed board (circuit board).In actual applications, the length of these conducting line segments, width, thickness can be different, and these conducting line segments are chief components of near field antenna, and the shape of conducting line segment composition can be the arbitrary shape suited the requirements.Conducting line segment is connected for regulating each conducting line segment electric field phase and realizing high frequency by the electric capacity between line.The parameter of electric capacity C can the induction reactance of one section of metal wire be advisable, to make starting point electrical signal phase on each conducting line segment unanimous on the whole near centre frequency place offsets just.If conducting line segment is in printed board, can estimate by following formula for the capacitance parameter of offsetting wire phase shift:
C = 10 7 8 × f 2 × π 2 × L × ( l n 2 × L W + 0.5 + 0.2235 × W L ) ; In formula, L is the length of conducting line segment, and unit is rice (m), and W is the width of conducting line segment, and unit is rice (m), and f is the frequency of resonance point, and unit is hertz (Hz); The unit of electric capacity is farad (F).Electric capacity C is relevant to the conducting line segment (metal wire) near feed end, and above-mentioned parameter is the relevant parameter of the conducting line segment near feed end.
In addition, in actual applications, also possible impedance tester or vector network analyzer test series capacitance after metal wire two sections of reactive components.
Described reactance regulating circuit comprises at least one reactance regulon, if reactance regulon has multiple, the plurality of reactance regulon is connected in parallel, and described reactance regulon is realized by electric capacity C1 and inductance L 1 parallel connection.Reactance regulon can be one or more, and C1, L1 in each reactance regulon form antiresonant circuit, equal resonance on the resonant frequency point of antenna circuit, for offsetting in antenna circuit because of reactance change that frequency is brought; Parameter and the group number of reactance regulon need to choose according to the concrete condition of antenna circuit.The principle that reactance regulating circuit can offset reactance change is: when higher than resonance frequency, and the impedance of the antenna circuit of series connection shows as induction reactance, and frequency shift (FS) is larger, and induction reactance value is larger.Reactance regulon in parallel is showing as capacitive reactance higher than resonance frequency, and frequency shift (FS) is larger, and capacitive reactance is more obvious, and after two partial circuit parallel/series, the induction reactance change of antenna circuit can be effectively reduced.The reactance change of the parameter choose energy basic neutralisation antenna circuit of appropriate reactance regulating circuit.Same when lower than resonance frequency, the capacitive reactance of antenna circuit can answer the existence of reactance regulating circuit to be effectively reduced.
In Fig. 2, the electric capacity of connecting between Input1 and Input2 and metal wire (thicker line) are antenna part, for generation of the electromagnetic field needed near field.In parallel C1 ... Cn, L1 ... Ln is reactance regulating circuit, for regulating antenna circuit in the reactance of different frequency range.Thicker line is the radiant body of antenna, can be the wire in metal wire or printed board.Its length, width, thickness can be different, and these thicker metal wires are chief components of near field antenna, and the shape of these metal wires composition can be the arbitrary shape suited the requirements.Metal wire is connected for regulating each metal wire electric field phase and realizing high frequency by the electric capacity between line.The parameter of electric capacity the induction reactance of one section of metal wire can be advisable near centre frequency place offsets just.
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, a kind of near-field coupling antenna for ultrahigh frequency reader-writer of the present invention, comprises at least one antenna loop (being an antenna loop in the present embodiment), in the present embodiment, adopts squaerial loop.The loop that described antenna loop is made up of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit, the connected mode of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit is the mode of single ended input: the first end of antenna circuit and the second end (i.e. two ends of antenna circuit, also be feed side Input1 and Input2 of antenna loop, the first end of antenna circuit is designated as Input1, second end of antenna circuit is designated as Input2) compose in parallel closed-loop path, the second end ground connection of antenna loop with reactance regulating circuit.
Described antenna circuit comprises multiple conducting line segment, series capacitance C between adjacent wires section, and described conducting line segment is the wire in metal wire or printed board, and the value of described electric capacity C is:
C = 10 7 8 × f 2 × π 2 × L × ( l n 2 × L W + 0.5 + 0.2235 × W L ) ; In formula, L is the length of conducting line segment, and unit is rice (m), and W is the width of conducting line segment, and unit is rice (m), and f is the frequency of resonance point, and unit is hertz (Hz); The unit of electric capacity is farad (F).
Described reactance regulating circuit is identical with embodiment 1.
In above-described embodiment, in feed side Input1 and Input2 of antenna circuit, two ends can exchange, and the circuit that namely Input1 with Input2 is connected can exchange, the Input2 of such as antenna circuit is connected in series reactance regulating circuit, the Input1 ground connection or unsettled of antenna circuit.
Embodiment 3
The method for designing of this near field antenna, except can be used for uhf band, also can be used for the frequency band that other are lower or higher.In the present embodiment, with reference to Fig. 4, at higher frequency band, electric capacity C1 and the inductance L 1 of reactance regulating circuit adopt microstrip line to realize.Other parts are with embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
Embodiment 4
In the present embodiment, with reference to Fig. 5, at higher frequency band, the electric capacity C of antenna circuit because of capacitance less, the mode that conducting line segment can be adopted to be coupled realizes.Other parts are with embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.
Difference channel or Single-end output circuit can be connected after coupling.
In above-described embodiment, antenna loop is made up of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit two part, antenna circuit is made up of the loop circuit being close to and closing multistage wire and the electric capacity be distributed between wire, wire in antenna can be track on metal wire or PCB, form the radiation source of segmentation, electric capacity offsets the phase shift on wire simultaneously for the wire being electrically connected segmentation, make the signal phase of starting point on every section lead roughly the same.Thus reach the near field antenna effect that antenna loop internal magnetic field obviously strengthens, ring external magnetic field obviously weakens.Reactance circuit is made up of the electric capacity of one group or several groups of parallel connections and inductive impedance, and this reactance circuit is connected in parallel on two ends of loop antenna, keeps constant to make the impedance of antenna in larger frequency range.The connection of antenna and impedance matching circuit can be difference or single ended mode.Under differential mode, two ends of antenna are connected to two ends of difference channel, under single ended mode, and the direct ground connection of the other end of antenna circuit.
In addition, each conducting line segment is realized by thicker line, and it is the radiant body of antenna, can be the wire in metal wire or printed board.Its length, width, thickness can be different, and these thicker conducting line segments are chief components of near field antenna, and the shape of these conducting line segments composition can be the arbitrary shape suited the requirements.Conducting line segment is connected for regulating each conducting line segment electric field phase and realizing high frequency by the electric capacity between line.The parameter of electric capacity C the induction reactance of one section of metal wire can be advisable near centre frequency place offsets just.In foregoing circuit, electric capacity and conducting line segment are composed in series antenna circuit, for generation of the electromagnetic field needed near field.The phase shift that electric capacity brings for the inductive effect offsetting connected conducting line segment, make the electric current on ring-type wire keep same-phase by said method, the magnetic field induced like this is the strongest.Antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit form the shape being close to and closing or close, for regulating antenna circuit in the reactance of different frequency range.
The present invention, by adopting said structure, compared with prior art, better can expand the operating frequency range of near field antenna.In addition, antenna circuit comprises multiple conducting line segment, and connect between adjacent wires section an electric capacity C, and limit the value of this electric capacity C, thus be strict controlled within the scope of grade by its reading/writing distance.The present invention is easy to realize, and compared with theory of the prior art, has very strong practicality.
Although specifically show in conjunction with preferred embodiment and describe the present invention; but those skilled in the art should be understood that; not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claims limits; can make a variety of changes the present invention in the form and details, be protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1., for a near-field coupling antenna for ultrahigh frequency reader-writer, it is characterized in that:
Comprise at least one antenna loop;
The loop that described antenna loop is made up of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit, the connected mode of antenna circuit and reactance regulating circuit is: the first end of antenna circuit and the second end and reactance regulating circuit compose in parallel closed-loop path;
Described antenna circuit comprises multiple conducting line segment, series capacitance C between adjacent wires section, and described conducting line segment is the wire in metal wire or printed board, and the value of described electric capacity C is as follows:
C = 10 7 8 × f 2 × π 2 × L × ( l n 2 × L W + 0.5 + 0.2235 × W L ) ;
In formula, L is the length of conducting line segment, and unit is rice, and W is the width of conducting line segment, and unit is rice, and f is the frequency of resonance point, and unit is hertz; The unit of electric capacity is farad;
Described reactance regulating circuit comprises at least one reactance regulon, is connected in parallel between multiple reactance regulon, and described reactance regulon is realized by electric capacity C1 and inductance L 1 parallel connection.
2. the near-field coupling antenna for ultrahigh frequency reader-writer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described antenna loop is the coil antenna loop of annular or the squaerial loop of rectangle.
3. the near-field coupling antenna for ultrahigh frequency reader-writer according to claim 1, is characterized in that: electric capacity C1 and the inductance L 1 of described reactance regulating circuit adopt microstrip line to realize.
4. the near-field coupling antenna for ultrahigh frequency reader-writer according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the electric capacity C of described antenna circuit adopts the mode of conducting line segment coupling to realize.
CN201310332340.XA 2013-08-01 2013-08-01 For the near field antenna of ultrahigh frequency reader-writer Active CN103390797B (en)

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CN105514621B (en) * 2016-02-16 2018-02-09 南京师范大学 Near field is segmented linear array antenna
GB2553093B (en) * 2016-08-17 2019-05-15 Drayson Tech Europe Ltd RF energy harvesting dual loop antenna with gaps and bridges
CN106299595B (en) * 2016-09-09 2023-09-19 爱康普科技(大连)有限公司 Antenna of dual-frequency RFID tag reading device and dual-frequency RFID tag reading device
JP6742542B2 (en) * 2017-05-10 2020-08-19 シグニファイ ホールディング ビー ヴィSignify Holding B.V. Antenna structure for different range communication modes
CN107591624B (en) * 2017-08-17 2020-08-11 海信视像科技股份有限公司 Antenna and television terminal
CN107394388B (en) * 2017-09-11 2020-01-21 电子科技大学 Resonant ring near-field antenna with group reading performance
CN108493594A (en) * 2018-02-05 2018-09-04 厦门致联科技有限公司 A kind of hyperfrequency near field antenna being evenly distributed

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Denomination of invention: Near field antenna for UHF reader

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