CN103389482B - A kind of digitized simulation device of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) - Google Patents
A kind of digitized simulation device of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) Download PDFInfo
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- CN103389482B CN103389482B CN201210427979.1A CN201210427979A CN103389482B CN 103389482 B CN103389482 B CN 103389482B CN 201210427979 A CN201210427979 A CN 201210427979A CN 103389482 B CN103389482 B CN 103389482B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the digitized simulation device of a kind of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), it is characterised in that the electrical characteristics being realized SQUID by ADC, microprocessor and DAC digital circuit at normal temperatures are simulated；Described simulator, use embedded system structure, by the way of analog digital conversion, the online updating SQUID characterisitic parameter storehouse that the feedback signal of reading circuit is set up according to microcontroller is carried out magnetic flux conversion, algebraic operation is carried out again with built-in test magnetic flux signal, carry out feedback output finally according to the mathematical model set up based on SQUIDV Φ characteristic curve, thus realize the SQUID of different qualities hardware-in-loop simulation in flux locked loop reading circuit in identical platform.Present invention greatly enhances the integrated level of SQUID simulator, motility, versatility and range, effectively simplify the test of SQUID reading circuit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the simulator of a kind of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), especially a kind of by digital circuit superconduction amount
Sub-interferometer electrical characteristics are simulated, and can complete different superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) hardware by serial ports amendment simulator relevant parameter
The device of assemblage on-orbit.Belong to superconductor applications technical field.
Background technology
Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) (SQUID:Superconducting QUantum Interference Device) is mesh
The Magnetic Sensor that front known sensitivity is the highest, in existing numerous application in field such as biological magnetic, geophysics and low-field nuclear magnetic resonances,
It is mainly used in the detection of atomic low-intensity magnetic field.Developing and in test process at low temperature DC SQUID reading circuit, SQUID itself exists
Preparation time length, experimentation cost height and output signal, easily by problems such as electromagnetic interference, especially realize low-temperature superconducting
Liquid helium is rare non-renewable resources, heavy dependence import, thus greatly affects the promotion and application of SQUID.
It is a kind of the most practical at room temperature without accessing SQUID device i.e. for developing superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) simulator
The debugging of its reading circuit and the method for SQUID system test can be realized, the circuit characteristic of SQUID reading circuit can be analyzed, as
Magnetic flux Slew Rate, bandwidth, can greatly reduce the dependence to scarce resource liquid helium, especially at the system development initial stage.Known
SQUID simulator all uses based on signal generator and adder but integrated level is low, the analog circuit of very flexible realizes.
" emulation of SQUID reading circuit and the design of debugging circuit thereof " that " Rare Metals Materials and engineering " is delivered
(vol37,2008) discloses a kind of SQUID simulator based on the analog device such as reverser and adder, describes basis
The method that SQUID reading circuit mathematical model carries out circuit behavior simulation, and circuit is carried out Module Division, set up each module
Mathematical model, is affected the key parameter of circuit performance, and then instructs setting of SQUID reading circuit physical circuit by simulation analysis
Meter realizes, and describes a kind of development debugging circuit simultaneously, can realize magnetic flux locking-type reading circuit based on ac modulation and exist
Debugging under room temperature.Although the simulator proposed in this article can realize the electrical characteristics simulation of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), but needs
External signal generator coordinates, and integrated level is the highest；And the SQUID for different qualities needs to modify hardware circuit,
Motility is relatively low.Additionally, this simulator is just for the magnetic flux locking-type reading circuit of ac modulation, be not suitable for direct-reading, general
Property is the highest；And a Φ can only be simulated by simplified model0Within flux change, range and precision are the most inadequate.
And for example, " data acquisition and procession " periodical " utilized SQUID signal simulator to measure super in 1992 in volume 7
Lead Slew Rate and the frequency response of gaussmeter " literary composition discloses and a kind of uses adder, absolute value circuit and triangular wave/sine wave conversion etc.
The SQUID simulator that analog circuit realizes, has an advantage equal with the open-loop gain of true superconductive magnetometer, but its basic work
Make principle similar with " emulation of SQUID reading circuit and the design of debugging circuit thereof ", therefore do not repeat them here.
In sum, existing superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) simulator not only exists that integrated level is the highest and motility is relatively low etc. asks
Topic, there is also that versatility is the highest and the range accuracy problem such as not, greatly have impact on superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) in industry, scientific research
Extensively application with medical field and popularization.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome existing SQUID simulator parameter adjustment loaded down with trivial details and need external signal generator cooperation etc. to ask
Topic, be it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) simulator by digital circuit, is repaiied by serial ports
Changing described simulator relevant parameter and just can complete the hardware-in-loop simulation of different superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), this device is the most integrated
Degree and motility are high, and just can be in the different flux locked loop reading circuit of Flux modulation formula and direct-reading two kinds by software
Multiple Φ is realized in strict accordance with the V-Ф characteristic of SQUID0The simulation of flux change.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the V-Ф characteristic of SQUID is non-linear, the cycle
(cycle is a flux quantum Ф0), change in voltage only has tens uV, need to use based on flux locked loop FLL(Flux-
Locked Loop) reading circuit realize magnetic flux voltage linear, high-precision conversion.Flux locked loop reading circuit has magnetic
Logical modulation system and direct-reading two kinds, its difference be Flux modulation formula add on the basis of direct reading modulation-demodulation circuit and
Transformator for noise matching.Present invention is generally directed to direct-reading reading circuit, but equally applicable for Flux modulation formula, only
It is that simulator needs to be demodulated, then in the V-Ф characteristic according to SQUID after the feedback signal of Flux modulation in gathering FLL
Need before output output signal is modulated.
Described flux locked loop is mainly by SQUID, front-end amplifier, bias regulator, analogue integrator, feedback resistance
Constituting with feedback coil, wherein SQUID is connected to front-end amplifier by cryocable, is then exported successively by front-end amplifier
It is connected in series bias regulator, analogue integrator and feedback resistance, finally feedback resistance is connected with the feedback coil of SQUID.
The present invention propose SQUID digital simulator use embedded system structure, mainly by analog-digital converter (ADC),
Microprocessor and digital to analog converter (DAC) three parts composition, by the feedback of SQUID reading circuit by the way of analog digital conversion
Signal the SQUID characterisitic parameter storehouse of online updating can carry out magnetic flux conversion according to what microcontroller was set up, then with built-in
Test magnetic flux signal carries out algebraic operation, feeds back finally according to the mathematical model set up based on SQUID V-Φ characteristic curve
Output, thus realize the SQUID of different qualities hardware-in-loop simulation in flux locked loop reading circuit at same part platform.
The described ADC in digitized simulation device and drive circuit thereof complete the numeral of flux locked loop output analogue signal
Conversion；Microprocessor has then also needed to three tasks, one outside the control realizing ADC, DAC and attached device thereof, adopts
Collection SQUID flux locked loop reading circuit locking after signal output, according to the mutual inductance of SQUID feedback coil in circuit with
The resistance ratio of feedback resistance, calculates flux locked loop and feeds back to the magnetic flux signal in SQUID superconducting loop；Its two, by micro-place
Managing the built-in test magnetic flux signal of device and carry out algebraic operation with the magnetic flux signal of acquisition in task one, its result is real according to SQUID
V-Φ curve model or the transmission function of approximation SQUID V-Φ curve that border operating characteristic is set up obtain corresponding magnitude of voltage；
Its three, magnetic flux locking the initial stage control DAC output signal Slew Rate, to realize the purpose of soft start, prevent magnetic flux locking
Loop circuit is losing lock because Slew Rate is not enough；DAC then completes the digital negative-feedback signal by the acquisition of SQUID V-Φ characteristic curve
Analog-converted.In order to obtain more preferable magnetic compensation Signal-to-Noise and reduce the impact on SQUID of the DAC direct output signal, can
It is sequentially connected in series a low pass filter for signal smoothing and one for impedance matching with outfan at DAC as required
Follower.
In the process, the mutual inductance of amendment solidification SQUID feedback coil in the microprocessor is downloaded by serial ports
With the V-Φ curve model set up according to SQUID actual working characteristics or the transmission function of approximation SQUID V-Φ characteristic curve
The electrical characteristics simulation of dissimilar SQUID can be completed；Same amendment solidification feedback resistance resistance in the microprocessor then may be used
The flux locked loop electrical characteristics simulation at different feedback resistances is completed on the premise of need not changing side circuit.
In sum, the present invention is directed to superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID:Superconducting
QUantumInterference Device) there is the preparation time in SQUID self in reading circuit development and test process
Long, experimentation cost high and output signal is easily by problems such as electromagnetic interference, described digital simulator, by ADC, microprocessor,
The digital circuits such as DAC realize the electrical characteristics simulation of SQUID at normal temperatures.Described digital simulator, uses embedded system structure,
By the way of analog digital conversion by the feedback signal of reading circuit according to microcontroller set up can online updating SQUID special
Property parameter library carries out magnetic flux conversion, then carries out algebraic operation with built-in test magnetic flux signal, finally according to based on SQUID V-
The mathematical model that Φ characteristic curve is set up carries out feedback output, thus realizes the SQUID of different qualities at magnetic flux in identical platform
Hardware-in-loop simulation in locking ring reading circuit.The present invention can be while realizing SQUID electrical characteristics digitized simulation, nothing
Need external signal generator it become convenient substantially that realize the SQUID of different qualities by serial ports downloading mode and reading circuit is anti-
The hardware-in-loop simulation of feed resistance, and can accurately simulate multiple Φ0Flux change, thus drastically increase
The integrated level of SQUID simulator, motility, versatility and range, effectively simplify development and the test of SQUID reading circuit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is flux locked loop reading circuit.
Fig. 2 is SQUID digitized simulation device schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is SQUID hardware-in-loop simulation schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is SQUID V-Ф characteristic curve.
1.SQUID in figure, 2. front-end amplifier, 3. bias regulator, 4. analogue integrator, 5. flux locked loop work shape
State controls to switch, 6. flux locked loop feedback resistance, 7.SQUID Feedback coil, 8.ADC, 9. microprocessor, 10.DAC,
11. smoothing filters and follower, 12. computers.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of the present invention, concrete scheme and advantage become apparent from, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to attached
Figure, the present invention is described in more detail.
SQUID1 in Fig. 1 flux locked loop reading circuit is the object that the present invention needs simulation.The device of SQUID1 is made an uproar
Sound than front-end amplifier 2 order of magnitude lower more than, SQUID1 to be given full play to is excellent magnetic-field measurement precision and resolution
Gesture, needs to mate both noises.For the flux locked loop reading circuit shown in Fig. 1, currently mainly there are two kinds of sides
Formula: Flux modulation formula and direct-reading, wherein Flux modulation formula is mainly by increasing by one between SQUID1 and front-end amplifier 2
Turn ratio be 25 ~ 30 transformator realize, direct-reading is then to realize by the way of Noise Cancellation.As
The room temperature of low-temperature superconducting Magnetic Sensor and needs development that fruit is divided into needs simulation Fig. 1 flux locked loop reading circuit reads electricity
Road two parts, then the two difference be Flux modulation formula add on the basis of direct reading modulation-demodulation circuit and
Transformator for noise matching.Present invention is generally directed to direct-reading reading circuit illustrate, but same for Flux modulation formula
Sample is suitable for, and simply the ADC8 of simulator needs to be demodulated, then in gathering FLL after the feedback signal of Flux modulation
Needed output signal is modulated before exporting according to the V-Ф characteristic of SQUID1.
Flux locked loop reading circuit as shown in Figure 1 has been used for the measurement of magnetic signal to be measured, and it is mainly constructed as follows:
The SQUID1 being positioned in Dewar liquid helium is connected with front-end amplifier 2 by low temperature cable, and wherein SQUID1 has two kinds of Working moulds
Formula: current offset and voltage bias, the present invention uses voltage bias pattern, front-end amplifier 2 then select gain be 80～
The sign-changing amplifier of 100dB, DC voltage offset amount can be there is because of the electrical characteristic of SQUID1 in its output, therefore at front-end amplifier
The output of 2 connects bias regulator 3 based on adder, is used for eliminating this DC voltage offset amount；The output of bias regulator 3
Being connected with composition PID degenerative Key Circuit analogue integrator 4, analogue integrator 4 is except can be used to adjust by its time constant
Also comprise reset function outside joint PID negative feedback and SQUID1 is operated in the bypass functionality under Tune state；Analogue integrator 4 defeated
Going out and be then connected with flux locked loop working state control switch 5, it controls the traditional flux locked loop reading circuit work shown in Fig. 1
Make in Tune or Lock state.In Lock state, flux locked loop working state control switch 5 is anti-by series connection flux locked loop
Feed resistance 6 is connected with SQUID Feedback coil 7, is passed in a coupled manner by the magnetic flux feedback signal of flux locked loop
SQUID1.In Tune state, simulation is made to amass by adjusting the running parameter (parameter such as bias voltage, amplifier gain) of SQUID1
Divide device 4 its amplitude output signal in the case of bypass maximum, thus reach optimal operating point.
As in figure 2 it is shown, SQUID digitized simulation device mainly by ADC8, microprocessor 9, DAC10, smoothing filter and with
It is sequentially connected in series with device 11.In order to the function of its key component and concrete annexation are better described, the present invention intends
First pass through and SQUID digital simulator shown in Fig. 2 is replaced the SQUID1 of flux locked loop reading circuit shown in Fig. 1 and attached
SQUID Feedback coil 7 is described in detail, i.e. SQUID hardware-in-loop simulation shown in Fig. 3.
As it is shown on figure 3, flux locked loop feedback resistance 6 in Fig. 1 flux locked loop reading circuit no longer with SQUID
Feedback coil 7 is connected, and is connected with the ADC8 in Fig. 2 SQUID digital simulator and drive circuit thereof.ADC8 is mainly real
The numeral conversion of existing flux locked loop output analogue signal, the mode of its employing single-ended transfer difference is to suppress common mode disturbances, and sets
Putting different input ranges to adapt to different testing requirements, here ADC8 selects resolution and the most moderate 16 of sample rate
Approach by inchmeal type, but when signal bandwidth and Slew Rate are less, it may be considered that select that resolution is high but Delta that sample rate is relatively low
One Sigma type ADC.
The processors such as microprocessor 9(DSP, FPGA) by the universal serial bus of the standard such as SPI or parallel bus and ADC8 phase
Even, and collection data Data that will be read from ADC8 by digital communication, according in Fig. 1 flux locked loop reading circuit
The mutual inductance Mf of SQUID Feedback coil 7 and the resistance Rf ratio of flux locked loop feedback resistance 6, calculate magnetic flux locking
Ring feeds back to magnetic flux signal Phi f in SQUID superconducting loop, and wherein Φ f=Data*Mf/Rf is then built-in by microprocessor
After test magnetic flux signal Phi t is sampled according to the sample rate of ADC8, then carry out algebraic operation with magnetic flux signal Phi f fed back,
Its result Φ r=Φ t Φ f, the V-Φ curve model set up finally according to SQUID actual working characteristics or approximation SQUID V-
The transmission function of Φ curve obtains corresponding output voltage values Ve, and wherein the former utilizes the periodicity of SQUID V-Φ curve to set up
The parameter model in one cycle, then uses and utilizes the mode of look-up table quickly to export, and then the present invention selects the latter to enter
Row explanation；Fig. 4 is a kind of SQUIDV-Ф characteristic curve using Noise Cancellation direct access mode, is also most common
SQUIDV-Ф characteristic curve, its approximate transfer function is cosine function: Vo=-Acos (2 ∏ * Φa/Φ0), wherein Vo is defeated
Going out voltage, A is the half of signal peak peak value, Φ in SQUID V-Ф characteristic curveaFor input magnetic flux signal, Φ0It it is a magnetic flux
Quantum.As can be seen here, in Fig. 3 SQUID hardware-in-loop simulation, the transmission function of approximation SQUIDV-Φ curve obtain corresponding
Output voltage values Ve=-Acos (2 ∏ * Φr/Φ0)。
For the characteristic parameter of online modification Fig. 2 SQUID digital simulator, microprocessor 9 is by isolated serial port and computer
12 are connected, therefore can by serial ports download the mutual inductance Mf of SQUID feedback coil 7 that amendment is solidificated in microprocessor 9 and
The load transfer function coefficient of approximation SQUID V-Φ characteristic curve can complete the electrical characteristics simulation of dissimilar SQUID, repaiies equally
Resistance Rf changing the flux locked loop feedback resistance 6 being solidificated in microprocessor 9 then can be in the premise that need not change side circuit
Under complete the flux locked loop electrical characteristics simulation at different feedback resistances 6.
Microprocessor 9 is connected with DAC10 by universal serial bus or the parallel bus of the standards such as SPI, and wherein DAC10 should be with
Resolution and the sample rate of ADC8 are harmonious, are the resolution of 16 in Fig. 2 SQUID digital simulator equally, the completeest
Become the analog-converted of the output voltage values Ve obtained by the transmission function of approximation SQUID V mono-Φ curve, additionally, lock at magnetic flux
Initial stage microprocessor 9 also needs to control the Slew Rate of DAC10 output signal, to realize the purpose of soft start, prevents magnetic flux locking
Loop circuit is losing lock because Slew Rate is not enough.In order to obtain more preferable magnetic compensation Signal-to-Noise and reduce DAC10 output signal pair
Impact, the outfan at DAC10 is connected for signal smoothing and the smoothing filter of impedance matching and follower 11.
Particular embodiments described above, has been carried out the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect the most in detail
Describe in detail bright, be it should be understood that the specific embodiment that the foregoing is only the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. done, should be included in the guarantor of the present invention
Within the scope of protecting.
Claims (5)
1. a digitized simulation device for superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), by ADC, microprocessor and DAC digital circuit at normal temperatures
Realize the electrical characteristics simulation of SQUID；Described simulator, uses embedded system structure, will read by the way of analog digital conversion
The feedback signal of circuit carries out magnetic flux conversion according to the online updating SQUID characterisitic parameter storehouse that microprocessor internal is set up, then with
Built-in test magnetic flux signal carries out algebraic operation, enters finally according to the mathematical model set up based on SQUID V-Φ characteristic curve
Row feedback output, thus realize the SQUID of different qualities hardware in loop in flux locked loop reading circuit in identical platform
Emulation；It is characterized in that microprocessor passes through the universal serial bus of SPI standard or parallel bus is connected with ADC, and will be by numeral
Collection data Data that communication is read from ADC, by the mutual inductance Mf of SQUID feedback coil in flux locked loop reading circuit
With the resistance Rf ratio of flux locked loop feedback resistance, calculate flux locked loop and feed back to the magnetic communication in SQUID superconducting loop
Number Φ f, wherein Φ f=Data*Mf/Rf, then by test magnetic flux signal Phi t built-in for microprocessor according to the sample rate of ADC
After being sampled, then carrying out algebraic operation with magnetic flux signal Phi f fed back, its result Φ r=Φ t Φ f, finally according to SQUID
V-Φ characteristic curve model or approximation SQUID V-Φ characteristic transmission function that actual working characteristics is set up obtain phase
The output voltage values Ve answered, wherein the former utilizes the periodicity of SQUID V-Φ curve to set up the parameter model in a cycle, so
Rear employing utilizes the mode of look-up table quickly to export；Above-mentioned SQUID is the english abbreviation of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID).
Digitized simulation device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the feature of online modification SQUID digital simulator
Parameter is to be connected with computer by isolated serial port by microprocessor, downloads amendment by serial ports and solidifies in the microprocessor
The mutual inductance Mf of SQUID feedback coil and the approximation SQUID characteristic load transfer function coefficient of V-Φ can complete inhomogeneity
The electrical characteristics simulation of type SQUID；Resistance Rf of amendment solidification flux locked loop feedback resistance in the microprocessor then can be not
The flux locked loop electrical characteristics simulation at different feedback resistances is completed on the premise of changing side circuit.
Digitized simulation device the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the output being gathered flux locked loop by ADC is believed
Number, under conditions of input built-in testing magnetic flux signal, microprocessor the two is carried out algebraic operation, then according to SQUID
V-Ф characteristic curve carry out the magnetic flux conversion to voltage, finally by the voltage after DAC output conversion, complete the simulation of SQUID.
Digitized simulation device the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that: by serial ports downloading mode amendment simulation SQUID
Involved feedback coil mutual inductance, flux locked loop feedback resistance and the characteristic mathematical model parameter of V-Ф, real
Present traditional thread binding carry SQUID to be simulated.
Digitized simulation device the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described SQUID digitized simulation device by
ADC, microprocessor, DAC and smoothing filter and follower are sequentially connected in series and form.
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| CN104698406B (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2018-06-26 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Offset voltage adjusts circuit and the superconductive quantum interference sensor being applicable in |
| CN104950268B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2017-09-22 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Superconducting quantum interference device magnetic sensor |
| CN111208452A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-05-29 | 中国计量大学 | Direct-reading type reading system for multiferroic magnetic sensor |
| CN110850341A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-28 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | SQUID detection module and SQUID sensor |
| CN114035130B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2024-02-27 | 苏州卡迪默克医疗器械有限公司 | Method and device for testing magnetic field resolution of weak magnetic probe of superconducting magnetometer |
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