CN103383334B - Tandem differential electromobility measuring instrument and its measuring method - Google Patents
Tandem differential electromobility measuring instrument and its measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103383334B CN103383334B CN201310176435.7A CN201310176435A CN103383334B CN 103383334 B CN103383334 B CN 103383334B CN 201310176435 A CN201310176435 A CN 201310176435A CN 103383334 B CN103383334 B CN 103383334B
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Abstract
The invention provides a tandem differential electromobility measuring instrument and its measuring method. According to the invention, monodispersed phase particles with particle size to be measured are screened by SMPS, the screened particles with particle size to be measured enter a perfluorosulfonic acid tube for moisture absorption, particle size distribution of a sample obtained after moisture absorption is measured in DMA, and hygroscopic growth factor is calculated; or the screened particles with particle size to be measured enter a heater to be heated for volatilization, particle size distribution of an aerosol sample obtained after heating for volatilization is measured in DMA, and finally volatility of the particles at different temperatures is calculated. According to the invention, hygroscopic growth factor and volatile proportion of the fine particles in the atmosphere can be rapidly and accurately measured, and the purpose of understanding moisture absorption characteristic and volatility of nanoparticles in various environments can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of analytical instrument and measuring method thereof, particularly one series connection differential electrical Mobility measurement instrument and measuring method thereof.
Background technology
Along with socioeconomic fast development, the size of population and energy resource consumption significantly increase, and cause the pollutant be discharged in air to roll up, define more serious atmosphere polluting problem.In air, the concentration of fine particle remains high, and has a strong impact on resident living, threatens healthy.The important topic that in current field of Environment Protection, one attracts people's attention has been become for the physicochemical property of airborne fine particulate matter and the research of Forming Mechanism thereof.Some inorganic salts (as sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate etc.) in particle component and part organic component (as organic acid) can show obvious hydroscopicity, make particle particle diameter under high humidity conditions higher than its particle diameter under low humidity conditions.The hydroscopicity of airborne fine particulate matter directly affects its particle diameter, optical property, is considered to the important factor in order that gray haze is formed.Aerocolloidal chemical composition is different with admixture, and the moisture absorption under different relative humidity increases also different.By measuring the particle diameter of particle under different humidity condition, the hydroscopicity of its moisture absorption growth factor characterizing particles thing can be calculated.Aerocolloidal moisture-absorption characteristics can reflect its chemical composition and admixture, predicts its air behavior, is the extremely important physical and chemical parameter of atmospheric aerosol.Volatility is the chemical composition of reaction particles thing and another important parameter of admixture, has very important significance in research particle organic constituents characteristic aspect.Volatility generally characterizes by measuring gasoloid change of size at different temperature.
At present, market there is the instrument that the measurement particle size of comparative maturity distributes, as the scanning electromobility particle size spectrometer (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, SMPS) of Technical Sourcing Internation of the U.S., be obtained in China and world wide and utilize widely.This instrument utilize the particle of different-grain diameter charged after the difference of movement locus (being determined by electromobility) in the electric field, by differential electrical mobility clasfficiator (Differential Mobility Analyzer, DMA) particle of different electromobility is separated, again by condensation particle counting device (Condensation ParticleCounter, CPC) measure the granule number of different-grain diameter section respectively, and then obtain the domain size distribution of particle.
Series connection differential electrical mobility technology (Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer, TDMA) two DMA series connection are used, due to the change of size before and after particle experience rapid physical chemical change (as moisture absorption) conveniently can be measured, be measure the hygroscopic mainstream technology of particle at present.The key of TDMA technology is the aerocolloidal moisture absorption of control of fast and stable and the humidity that maintains when it is measured.The TDMA adopted in the world at present, at the controlled humidity of fast and stable, especially close to saturated high humility aspect, has certain limitation.Aerocolloidal humidification is generally by realizing by perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (Nafion Tube), the feature utilizing perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane only to allow hydrone to pass through, by the gasoloid of soft air (shell gas) humidification around perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe by perfluorinated sulfonic acid tube cavity.But because perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane has the ability of certain storage water, in practical operation, the change of gasoloid humidity is rapid not as the change of perfluorinated sulfonic acid shell air humidity degree, there is certain retardation time.On the other hand, for ensureing the aerocolloidal domain size distribution measure moisture absorption under specified moisture condition after, need the shell air humidity degree of accurately control DMA consistent with gasoloid humidity.Control DMA shell air humidity degree generally has two class schemes, i.e. recycle design and open mode.The shell gas of DMA recycles by the shell gas system of recycle design, by the humidity of the whole DMA system of the humidity regulation of aerosol sample air-flow.The shell gas system architecture of recycle design is fairly simple, and flow control ratio is easier to, but requires larger sealing, and simultaneously due to about 10 times of shell airshed aerosol sample air flow rate often, the governing speed of shell air humidity degree is very slow.The shell gas system of open mode uses as shell gas after the dry soft air mixing of proportioning, and the efficiency of adjustment humidity is high, sealing less demanding, but flow control more complicated.TDMA technology can also be used to the volatility measuring fine particle.Measure volatile device and measure hygroscopic device similar, only need replace perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe with the pipeline of one section of heating and diffusion adsorption tube.
Do not have ripe commercialization V/H-TDMA system available in the market, only there is extremely indivedual commercialization H-TDMA, and price is extremely expensive, therefore general Dou Shi R&D institution builds voluntarily, but TDMA relates to the subjects such as electrician, Mechanics of Aerosol, fluid mechanics, spectroscopy, instrument forms complicated, have very high requirement to precision, building completely voluntarily wastes time and energy, and difficulty is larger.Comparing and build completely voluntarily, existing commercialization SMPS instrument is expanded to TDMA, only need ensure that the second level DMA after connecting can measure under constant condition (as stationary temperature), is a kind of fairly simple method higher with feasibility.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of series connection differential electrical Mobility measurement instrument and measuring method thereof, moisture absorption growth factor and the volatilization ratio of fine particle in air can be measured rapidly and accurately, can meet and understand the moisture-absorption characteristics of nano-scale particle thing and the object of boiling characteristics in all kinds of environment.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of series connection differential electrical Mobility measurement instrument, comprise DMA1 and SMPS2, be connected between DMA1 with high-voltage power supply 3 with high-voltage power-line, all the other links are tracheae and connect, and SMPS2 air intake opening is connected with diffusion dryer 8 gas outlet, SMPS2 gas outlet is connected with the air intake opening of well heater 12 with pipe air intake opening in the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 respectively and gas circuit is divided into two-way after the first T-valve 17-1, wherein in a road, the interior pipe gas outlet of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the interior pipe air intake opening of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 are connected to form cascaded structure, in an other road, the gas outlet of well heater 12 is connected with the air intake opening of diffusion adsorption tube 13, it is a road that the interior pipe gas outlet of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 remerges after being connected the second T-valve 17-2 with the gas outlet of diffusion adsorption tube 13, second T-valve 17-2 gas outlet is connected with the air intake opening of heat exchanger 15, the pop one's head in air intake opening of 5-1 of gas outlet and first humiture of heat exchanger 15 is connected, the first humiture probe gas outlet of 5-1 is connected with the gasoloid air intake opening of DMA1,
The gas outlet of air compressor machine 18 connects the air intake opening of four flow controllers 4 respectively, wherein the gas outlet of two flow controllers 4 is connected to again the air intake opening of a bubble systems 9 respectively, the merging that is connected with the gas outlet of two bubble systems 9 respectively of the gas outlet of two other flow controller 4 obtains two-way gas, wherein a road is connected with the outer tube air intake opening of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2, the outer tube gas outlet of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 is connected with the outer tube air intake opening of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1, the outer tube gas outlet of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 is emptying, and an other road gas connects the air intake opening of two needle-valves 10 respectively, the gas outlet of one of them needle-valve 10 is directly emptying, the gas outlet of another one needle-valve 10 is connected with flowmeter 6 air intake opening, the gas outlet of flowmeter 6 connects the air intake opening of filtrator 14, the pop one's head in air intake opening of 5-2 of gas outlet and second humiture of filtrator 14 is connected, the second humiture probe gas outlet of 5-2 is connected with the shell gas air intake opening of DMA1,
The shell gas gas outlet of DMA1 is connected with the air intake opening of metering hole 11, and the gasoloid gas outlet of DMA1 is connected to the air intake opening of CPC19, and the gas outlet of metering hole 11 is connected to the bleeding point of air pump 16 after being connected with the gas outlet of CPC19.
The first described T-valve 17-1 and the second T-valve 17-2 two gas circuits are alternately closed, and during a-road-through gas, an other road is closure state;
Based on above-mentioned measuring instrument about hygroscopic measuring method, comprise the following steps:
Step one, utilize SMPS2 to screen survey the particle of the single dispersing phase of particle diameter, if screening particle diameter is D
p0particle, only have particle diameter to be D
p0particle by the slit of SMPS, particle diameter is greater than or less than D
p0particle will be removed;
Step 2, SMPS2 screen survey particle diameter particle enter the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 carries out moisture absorption, first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 is that the hollow tubule be made up of many (as 100) tiny perfluoro sulfonic acid membranes is formed in parallel, perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane only allows hydrone freely to pass through, other materials such as oxygen and particle cannot pass through, so when aerosol sample is through the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 inner chamber, hydrone around pipe in soft air (shell gas) can enter into aerosol sample gas through perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane, particle moisture absorption in sample gas is increased, the shell gas of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 is mixed by dry air and soft air, soft air is obtained by bubble systems 9 humidification by dry air, regulate the throughput ratio of dry air and soft air gas can control the relative humidity (RH) of shell gas by control flow check amount controller 4, and then the RH of Quality control gas after the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 humidification, the flow design of shell gas is 30 times of aerosol sample flow, decrease the humidity regulation that the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 planar water cause delayed, simultaneously, the design that multiple first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 connects adds the efficiency regulating humidity, achieve the quick adjustment of aerosol sample humidity, heat-exchange tube 15 is added in gas circuit, ensure that gas path temperature and DMA1 temperature are consistent, the temperature and humidity first humiture probe 5-1 of aerosol sample and DMA1 shell gas, second humiture probe 5-2 measures,
Step 3, in DMA1, measure moisture absorption after the domain size distribution of sample: by regulating DMA1 Control of Voltage through the particle size of DMA1, recycling CPC19 detects the Particle density by the particle of DMA1, and then obtains the domain size distribution of particle, because the increase and decrease of its surface moisture causes the change of particle diameter when carrying out grain diameter measurement to prevent the aerosol sample after moisture absorption in DMA1, must ensure that in whole measuring process, in DMA1, humidity is a steady state value, so the shell gas of DMA1 also must carry out the regulation and control of humidity, the principle of regulation and control is the same with the shell air humidity degree control principle of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 in step 2 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2, control DMA1 shell air humidity degree makes it identical through the humidity of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 after the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 humidification with sample gas, the shell gas of DMA1 adopts open circuit circulation pattern, dry wet mixture flow is a little more than required shell airshed, needle-valve 10 and metering hole 11 is utilized to jointly control flow,
Step 4, calculate moisture absorption growth factor: the particle size D measured by DMA1 after comparing moisture absorption
pwith the particle size D that SMPS2 filters out
p0can calculate the moisture absorption growth factor of particle, general moisture absorption growth factor Growth factor, represent with Gf, computing formula is: Gf=Dp/Dp
0.
Based on above-mentioned measuring instrument about volatile measuring method, comprise the following steps:
Step one, utilize SMPS2 to screen survey the particle of the single dispersing phase of particle diameter;
Step 2, SMPS2 screen survey particle diameter particle enter well heater 12 and heat volatilization, the temperature of well heater 12 controls as 30-200 degree Celsius, the gas composition that gasoloid evaporates after heating is removed by diffusion adsorption tube 13, then makes gasoloid be cooled to normal temperature through heat-exchange tube 15;
Step 3, in DMA1, measure the domain size distribution of aerosol sample after heating volatilization: by regulating DMA1 Control of Voltage through the particle size of DMA1, recycling CPC19 detects the Particle density by the particle of DMA1, and then obtains the domain size distribution of particle;
Step 4, contrast each heating temperature condition under, the particle diameter before and after particle volatilization, the volatility under count particles thing different temperatures: to set after heating the particle size that obtains of DMA1 measurement as Dp
v, the particle size that SMPS2 filters out is Dp
0, volatilization factor VGrowth factor is that VGf represents, then the volatilization factor computing formula of particle at certain temperature is: VGf=Dp
v/ Dp
0.
The present invention has the following advantages and high-lighting effect:
1, the present invention can upgrade and obtains on business-like SMPS2, and build relatively simple and easily, stability is better, can measure hydroscopicity and volatility simultaneously.
2, the present invention adopts and can carry out temperature controlled bubble systems 9, adopt the shell gas of large discharge and multiple first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 serial humidification gasoloid, can controlled humidity more fast and accurately, realize aerocolloidal quick humidification.The humidity control method that the present invention adopts can be measured, if use the highest can measurement under 95% relative humidities under specific temperature-controlled conditions under 0-90% relative humidities.
3, DMA1 of the present invention selects open shell gas, and the method adopting crosspointer valve 10 and metering hole 11 to jointly control controls shell airshed fast and accurately.
4, in the present invention, TDMA instrument carries out autoscan measurement to particle hydroscopicity and volatility within the scope of 30-400nm, has both been applicable to laboratory study and has also been applicable to field observation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the grain size distribution of the polystyrene triethanol amine resin standard bead utilizing DMA1 in the present invention to record.
Fig. 3 is the moisture absorption growth curve figure of the 100nm ammonium sulfate thing utilizing the present invention to record.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, structural principle of the present invention and principle of work are described in detail.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of series connection differential electrical Mobility measurement instrument, comprise DMA1 and SMPS2, be connected between DMA1 with high-voltage power supply 3 with high-voltage power-line, all the other links are tracheae and connect, and SMPS2 air intake opening is connected with diffusion dryer 8 gas outlet, SMPS2 gas outlet is connected with the air intake opening of well heater 12 with pipe air intake opening in the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 respectively and gas circuit is divided into two-way after the first T-valve 17-1, wherein in a road, the interior pipe gas outlet of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the interior pipe air intake opening of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 are connected to form cascaded structure, in an other road, the gas outlet of well heater 12 is connected with the air intake opening of diffusion adsorption tube 13, it is a road that the interior pipe gas outlet of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 remerges after being connected the second T-valve 17-2 with the gas outlet of diffusion adsorption tube 13, second T-valve 17-2 gas outlet is connected with the air intake opening of heat exchanger 15, the pop one's head in air intake opening of 5-1 of gas outlet and first humiture of heat exchanger 15 is connected, the first humiture probe gas outlet of 5-1 is connected with the gasoloid air intake opening of DMA1,
The gas outlet of air compressor machine 18 connects the air intake opening of four flow controllers 4 respectively, wherein the gas outlet of two flow controllers 4 is connected to again the air intake opening of a bubble systems 9 respectively, the merging that is connected with the gas outlet of two bubble systems 9 respectively of the gas outlet of two other flow controller 4 obtains two-way gas, wherein a road is connected with the outer tube air intake opening of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2, the outer tube gas outlet of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 is connected with the outer tube air intake opening of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1, the outer tube gas outlet of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 is emptying, and an other road gas connects the air intake opening of two needle-valves 10 respectively, the gas outlet of one of them needle-valve 10 is directly emptying, the gas outlet of another one needle-valve 10 is connected with flowmeter 6 air intake opening, the gas outlet of flowmeter 6 connects the air intake opening of filtrator 14, the pop one's head in air intake opening of 5-2 of gas outlet and second humiture of filtrator 14 is connected, the second humiture probe gas outlet of 5-2 is connected with the shell gas air intake opening of DMA1,
The shell gas gas outlet of DMA1 is connected with the air intake opening of metering hole 11, and the gasoloid gas outlet of DMA1 is connected to the air intake opening of CPC19, and the gas outlet of metering hole 11 is connected to the bleeding point of air pump 16 after being connected with the gas outlet of CPC19.
The first described T-valve 17-1 and the second T-valve 17-2 two gas circuits are alternately closed, and during a-road-through gas, an other road is closure state;
Based on above-mentioned measuring instrument about hygroscopic measuring method, comprise the following steps:
Step one, utilize SMPS2 to screen survey the particle of the single dispersing phase of particle diameter, if screening particle diameter is D
p0particle, only have particle diameter to be D
p0particle by the slit of SMPS, particle diameter is greater than or less than D
p0particle will be removed;
Step 2, SMPS2 screen survey particle diameter particle enter the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 carries out moisture absorption, first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 is that the hollow tubule be made up of many (as 100) tiny perfluoro sulfonic acid membranes is formed in parallel, perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane only allows hydrone freely to pass through, other materials such as oxygen and particle cannot pass through, so when aerosol sample is through the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 inner chamber, hydrone around pipe in soft air (shell gas) can enter into aerosol sample gas through perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane, particle moisture absorption in sample gas is increased, the shell gas of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 is mixed by dry air and soft air, soft air is obtained by bubble systems 9 humidification by dry air, regulate the throughput ratio of dry air and soft air gas can control the relative humidity (RH) of shell gas by control flow check amount controller 4, and then the RH of Quality control gas after the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 humidification, the flow design of shell gas is 30 times of aerosol sample flow, decrease the humidity regulation that the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 planar water cause delayed, simultaneously, the design that first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 connects adds the efficiency regulating humidity, achieve the quick adjustment of aerosol sample humidity, heat-exchange tube 15 is added in gas circuit, ensure that gas path temperature and DMA1 temperature are consistent, the temperature and humidity of aerosol sample and DMA1 shell gas is measured with humiture probe 5,
Step 3, in DMA1, measure moisture absorption after the domain size distribution of sample: by regulating DMA1 Control of Voltage through the particle size of DMA1, recycling CPC19 detects the Particle density by the particle of DMA1, and then obtains the domain size distribution of particle, because the increase and decrease of its surface moisture causes the change of particle diameter when carrying out grain diameter measurement to prevent the aerosol sample after moisture absorption in DMA1, must ensure that in whole measuring process, in DMA1, humidity is a steady state value, so the shell gas of DMA1 also must carry out the regulation and control of humidity, the principle of regulation and control is the same with the shell air humidity degree control principle of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 in step 2 and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2, control DMA1 shell air humidity degree makes it identical through the humidity of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-1 after the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe 7-2 humidification with sample gas, the shell gas of DMA1 adopts open circuit circulation pattern, dry wet mixture flow is a little more than required shell airshed, needle-valve 10 and metering hole 11 is utilized to jointly control flow.Step 4, calculate moisture absorption growth factor: the particle size D measured by DMA1 after comparing moisture absorption
pwith the particle size D that SMPS2 filters out
p0the moisture absorption growth factor of particle can be calculated, general moisture absorption growth factor Growthfactor, represent with Gf, computing formula is: Gf=Dp/Dp
0.
Based on above-mentioned measuring instrument about volatile measuring method, comprise the following steps:
Step one, utilize SMPS2 to screen survey the particle of the single dispersing phase of particle diameter;
Step 2, SMPS2 screen survey particle diameter particle enter well heater 12 and heat volatilization, the temperature of well heater 12 controls as 30-200 degree Celsius, the gas composition that gasoloid evaporates after heating is removed by diffusion adsorption tube 13, then makes gasoloid be cooled to normal temperature through heat-exchange tube 15;
Step 3, in DMA1, measure the domain size distribution of aerosol sample after heating volatilization: by regulating DMA1 Control of Voltage through the particle size of DMA1, recycling CPC19 detects the Particle density by the particle of DMA1, and then obtains the domain size distribution of particle;
Step 4, contrast each heating temperature condition under, the particle diameter before and after particle volatilization, the volatility under count particles thing different temperatures: to set after heating the particle size that obtains of DMA1 measurement as Dp
v, the particle size that SMPS2 filters out is Dp
0, volatilization factor VGrowth factor is that VGf represents, then the volatilization factor computing formula of particle at certain temperature is: VGf=Dp
v/ Dp
0.
Instrument performance characterizes
Embodiment one
Utilize the domain size distribution of DMA1 measurement standard particle
Polystyrene triethanol amine resin (polystyrene standard latex, PSL) is usually used in the single dispersing phase particle of generation standard particle diameter.In the instrument that the present invention builds, DMA1 is used for measuring the domain size distribution of particle after moisture absorption, and for characterizing the correctness that it is measured, utilize atomizer and PSL solution to create the standard particle of 98nm, what DMA1 measured the results are shown in accompanying drawing 2.As can be seen from Figure 2, the domain size distribution dispersion degree that experiment records is less, and particle diameter peak value appears at 99.8nm, and relative error is less than 2%, and degree of accuracy is higher.
Embodiment two
Measure the moisture absorption growth curve of ammonium sulfate
Ammonium sulfate, molecular formula is (NH
4)
2sO
4be the important composition composition of Atmospheric Grains, many researchers did systematic research for its moisture-absorption characteristics, and its sucting wet curve has been reported by a lot of research unit and used.In order to verify that whole system measures hygroscopic accuracy, producing ammonium sulfate by atomizer, measuring the result of its sucting wet curve as shown in Figure 3.During measurement, the ammonium sulfate being 100nm by the voltage screening particle diameter of adjustment SMPS2 enters moisture sorbing system and DMA1.The moisture absorption growth factor of ammonium sulfate is measured under different humidity.As can be seen from measurement result, the sucting wet curve of the ammonium sulfate that the present invention records and theoretical value meet very good, and deliquescence point (the Deliquescence relative humidity of ammonium sulfate can be reproduced very accurately, DRH), namely ammonium sulfate water suction produces the critical point on liquid phase surface, is about 79%.
Claims (3)
1. a series connection differential electrical Mobility measurement instrument, it is characterized in that, comprise DMA (1) and SMPS (2), be connected with high-voltage power-line between DMA (1) with high-voltage power supply (3), all the other links are tracheae and connect, and SMPS (2) air intake opening is connected with diffusion dryer (8) gas outlet, SMPS (2) gas outlet is connected with the air intake opening of well heater (12) with the interior pipe air intake opening of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) respectively and gas circuit is divided into two-way after the first T-valve (17-1), wherein in a road, the interior pipe gas outlet of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) and the interior pipe air intake opening of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) are connected to form cascaded structure, in an other road, the gas outlet of well heater (12) is connected with the air intake opening of diffusion adsorption tube (13), it is a road that the interior pipe gas outlet of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) remerges after being connected the second T-valve (17-2) with the gas outlet of diffusion adsorption tube (13), second T-valve (17-2) gas outlet is connected with the air intake opening of heat exchanger (15), pop one's head in the first humiture air intake opening of (5-1) of the gas outlet of heat exchanger (15) is connected, the gas outlet of the first humiture probe (5-1) is connected with the gasoloid air intake opening of DMA (1),
The gas outlet of air compressor machine (18) connects the air intake opening of four flow controllers (4) respectively, wherein the gas outlet of two flow controllers (4) is connected to again the air intake opening of a bubble systems (9) respectively, the merging that is connected with the gas outlet of two bubble systems (9) respectively of the gas outlet of two other flow controller (4) obtains two-way gas, wherein a road is connected with the outer tube air intake opening of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2), the outer tube gas outlet of the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) is connected with the outer tube air intake opening of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1), the outer tube gas outlet of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) is emptying, and an other road gas connects the air intake opening of two needle-valves (10) respectively, the gas outlet of one of them needle-valve (10) is directly emptying, the gas outlet of another one needle-valve (10) is connected with flowmeter (6) air intake opening, the gas outlet of flowmeter (6) connects the air intake opening of filtrator (14), pop one's head in the second humiture air intake opening of (5-2) of the gas outlet of filtrator (14) is connected, the second humiture probe gas outlet of (5-2) is connected with the shell gas air intake opening of DMA (1),
The shell gas gas outlet of DMA (1) is connected with the air intake opening of metering hole (11), the gasoloid gas outlet of DMA (1) is connected to the air intake opening of CPC (19), and the gas outlet of metering hole (11) is connected to the bleeding point of air pump (16) after being connected with the gas outlet of CPC (19);
Described the first T-valve (17-1) and the second T-valve (17-2) two gas circuits are alternately closed, and during a-road-through gas, an other road is closure state.
2. based on measuring instrument described in claim 1 about hygroscopic measuring method, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one, utilize SMPS (2) to screen survey the particle of the single dispersing phase of particle diameter, if screening particle diameter is D
p0particle, only have particle diameter to be D
p0particle by the slit of SMPS, particle diameter is greater than or less than D
p0particle will be removed;
Step 2, SMPS2 screen survey particle diameter particle enter the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) carries out moisture absorption, first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) are that the hollow tubule be made up of many tiny perfluoro sulfonic acid membranes is formed in parallel, perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane only allows hydrone freely to pass through, other materials such as oxygen and particle cannot pass through, so when aerosol sample is through the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) inner chamber, hydrone around pipe in soft air (shell gas) can enter into aerosol sample gas through perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane, particle moisture absorption in sample gas is increased, the shell gas of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) is mixed by dry air and soft air, soft air is obtained by bubble systems (9) humidification by dry air, regulate the throughput ratio of dry air and soft air gas can control the relative humidity RH of shell gas by control flow check amount controller (4), and then the RH of Quality control gas after the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) humidification, the flow design of shell gas is 30 times of aerosol sample flow, decrease the humidity regulation that the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) planar water cause delayed, simultaneously, the design that multiple first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) are connected adds the efficiency regulating humidity, achieve the quick adjustment of aerosol sample humidity, heat-exchange tube (15) is added in gas circuit, ensure that gas path temperature and DMA (1) temperature are consistent, the temperature and humidity of aerosol sample and DMA (1) shell gas is measured by humiture probe (5),
Step 3, the domain size distribution of the sample after moisture absorption is measured: by regulating the particle size of DMA (1) Control of Voltage through DMA (1) in DMA (1), recycling CPC (19) detects the Particle density by the particle of DMA (1), and then obtain the domain size distribution of particle, because the increase and decrease of its surface moisture causes the change of particle diameter when carrying out grain diameter measurement to prevent the aerosol sample after moisture absorption in DMA (1), must ensure that in whole measuring process, in DMA (1), humidity is a steady state value, so the shell gas of DMA (1) also must carry out the regulation and control of humidity, the principle of regulation and control is the same with the shell air humidity degree control principle of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) and the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) in step 2, control DMA (1) shell air humidity degree makes it identical through the humidity of the first perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-1) after the second perfluorinated sulfonic acid pipe (7-2) humidification with sample gas, the shell gas of DMA (1) adopts open circuit circulation pattern, dry wet mixture flow is a little more than required shell airshed, needle-valve (10) and metering hole (11) is utilized to jointly control flow,
Step 4, calculate moisture absorption growth factor: the particle size D measured by DMA (1) after comparing moisture absorption
pwith the particle size D that SMPS (2) filters out
p0can calculate the moisture absorption growth factor of particle, general moisture absorption growth factor Growth factor, represent with Gf, computing formula is: Gf=Dp/Dp
0.
3. based on measuring instrument described in claim 1 about hygroscopic measuring method, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step one, utilize SMPS (2) to screen survey the particle of the single dispersing phase of particle diameter;
Step 2, SMPS (2) screen survey particle diameter particle enter well heater (12) heating volatilization, the temperature of well heater (12) controls as 30-200 degree Celsius, the gas composition that gasoloid evaporates after heating is removed by diffusion adsorption tube (13), then makes gasoloid be cooled to normal temperature through heat-exchange tube (15);
Step 3, measure the domain size distribution of the aerosol sample after heating volatilization in the DMA (1): by regulating the particle size of DMA (1) Control of Voltage through DMA (1), recycling CPC (19) detects the Particle density by the particle of DMA (1), and then obtains the domain size distribution of particle;
Step 4, contrast each heating temperature condition under, the particle diameter before and after particle volatilization, the volatility under count particles thing different temperatures: to set after heating the particle size that obtains of DMA1 measurement as Dp
v, the particle size that SMPS2 filters out is Dp
0, volatilization factor VGrowth factor is that VGf represents, then the volatilization factor computing formula of particle at certain temperature is: VGf=Dp
v/ Dp
0.
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