CN103382670B - Superheated steam generator - Google Patents
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- CN103382670B CN103382670B CN201310285767.9A CN201310285767A CN103382670B CN 103382670 B CN103382670 B CN 103382670B CN 201310285767 A CN201310285767 A CN 201310285767A CN 103382670 B CN103382670 B CN 103382670B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a superheated steam generator which is used for delivering steam to a dismantling tank of directional straw dismantling equipment. The superheated steam generator is mainly composed of a plurality of heating units, each heating unit comprises a heating shell and a dry burning heating tube, the heating shell is internally provided with a medium passage, the dry burning heating tube is arranged in the heating shell and used for heating the medium entering the medium passage, the heating shell is mounted on the dismantling tank and provided with a medium inlet and a medium outlet which are communicated with the medium passage. According to the invention, the superheated steam generator communicated with the atmosphere is an opened superheated steam generator, the corresponding function relationship of temperature and pressure existing in an electric boiler does not exist in the generator, according to the principle that water directly vaporizes in the high temperature state, water is continuously heated through the heating units, and then the vaporized hot steam is heated to a temperature stipulated in the straw fiber dismantling process and delivered to the dismantling tank.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to bamboo wood and agricultural wastes straw treatment technology, specifically, the present invention relates to the steam generator that a kind of orientation disassembles stalk fibre equipment.
Background technology
China is large agricultural country, Ye Shi biomass resource big country, current stalk resource is except sub-fraction is used as animal feed and life fuel, often be close on 700000000 tons of stalk resources and need process, but for want of corresponding treatment technology and equipment, major part stalk can only be discarded because depositing nowhere or by peasant one, fire directly be burnt, and causes the great wasting of resources like this.
In recent years, it is also a lot of that domestic and international numerous scientific workers study the pretreated method of stalk, has the quick-fried method of chemical method, thermal spraying, cooking process, vapour respectively.Wherein the quick-fried method of vapour is that Recent study is maximum, is also compared with its excess-three kind method Treating straw shortest time, does not have ambient influnence, the most promising, a kind of pure physical method Treating straw technology.
The research focus of the outer steam explosion technology of Now Domestic, mainly concentrate on and heat, in the key technologies such as pressurization and decompression time, scholar is had to propose stalk vapor phase pulping physicochemical change technology, if publication number is then disclose a kind of microwave in the patent document of CN101608412A---the quick-fried synchronous coupled method of-vapour is to the method for straw removing crystallization, the method proposes to adopt electric heating steam generator to produce 150 DEG C ~ 235 DEG C saturation pressure steam, preheating is carried out to stalk, pressurization, adopt secondary specific absorption rate to be 100 ~ 9000W/(Kg dry straw) microwave continue to heat up and the crystalline structure of pressurization and stalk, reach the object of auxiliary removing crystallization, the temperature range that this electrically heated boiler produces is 150 DEG C ~ 235 DEG C saturation pressure steam, corresponding pressure is between 0.37MPa and 3MPa, in certain function corresponding relation between temperature and pressure, the technical performance of its heating steam is identical with plain cylindrical furnace, all temperature and pressure two technical indicators can not be separated independent control, finally can cause wanting raised pressure, just necessary raised temperature, its result can cause the stock-dye group in stalk, occur to be changed to black color again to brown-black by golden yellow along with temperature rises, final generation straw charring, because high temperature makes stalk interior tissue generation cracking reaction, the stalk fibre obtained will be had a greatly reduced quality in high-valued, affect final fiber product quality
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind ofly disassembles the superheated steam generator that stalk fibre equipment provides steam for orientation.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of superheated steam generator, stalk fibre equipment is disassembled for orientation, orientation disassemble stalk fibre equipment comprise for splendid attire stalk material disassemble tank and with disassemble the tank connected air compressor that the stalk material disassembled in tank is pressurizeed, superheated steam generator is to disassembling delivering vapor in tank, superheated steam generator is formed primarily of heating unit, heating unit comprise inside be provided with medium channel heated shell and be located in heated shell to the dry combustion method heating tube of dielectric heating entering medium channel, heated shell disassembles tank described in being arranged on, heated shell is provided with the medium entrance and media outlet that are communicated with medium channel.
Be provided with multiple baffle plate along its length in the medium channel of described heated shell, baffle plate interlaced arrangement, the medium channel of formation is the snakelike heat tunnel allowing medium pass through.
Described dry combustion method heating tube overcoat has blind pipe, has the cavity in closed state between blind pipe and dry combustion method heating tube.
Described blind pipe is through baffle plate described in each.
Described baffle plate is provided with four pieces.
Described heating unit is provided with three that are connected successively by peripheral hardware pipeline, first heating unit is the one-level heating unit aqueous water medium direct boiling entered in its heated shell being transformed into steam, second heating unit is the secondary heating unit of the steam relay heating of being flowed out by one-level heating unit, and the 3rd heating unit is the three grades of heating units steam relay that secondary heating unit flows out being heated to design temperature.
Described one-level heating unit, secondary heating unit and three grades of heating units adopt electric Δ or Y connection.
The heated shell of described heating unit is rectangular tube structure.
Adopt technique scheme, compared with prior art, this superheated steam generator is the open superheated steam generator be communicated with air, there is not the functional relation that temperature is corresponding with pressure as boilers heated electrically in generator, this superheated steam generator is the principle according to water direct boiling at high operating temperatures, relay again through multiple heating unit is heated, the vapours temperature relay of vaporization is elevated to the temperature that orientation disassembles stalk fibre process stipulation, and be transported to and disassemble in tank, the crystalline structure of the biomass straw disassembled in tank is made to become soft plastic, reduce the bonding strength of lignin and cellulose and hemicellulose, stalk orientation is disassembled into stalk fibre by the pressure air that air-boost compressor produces, because air pressure can control separately, temperature can be controlled separately by superheated steam generator, so the dyeing that just can control in stalk fibre is rolled into a ball temperature influence and change color occurs, that is the reaction speed of stalk physicochemical change in vapor phase pulping process can be controlled, finally can obtain flavous high-valued stalk fibre.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that orientation disassembles stalk fibre equipment;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation disassembling tank;
Fig. 3 disassembles the top view that tank outer cylinder body, inner barrel and adjusting rod be connected;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the quick opening on discharge valve;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that lever is connected with retaining mechanism, accumulation of energy assembly;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation that quick opening is arranged on discharge valve;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the heating unit of superheated steam generator of the present invention;
Mark in above-mentioned figure is: 1, disassemble tank; 2, charging valve; 3, air compressor; 4, pressurizing valve; 5, superheated steam generator; 51, heated shell; 52, dry combustion method heating tube; 53, blind pipe; 54, baffle plate; 55, medium entrance; 56, media outlet;
6, decompress(ion) discharge valve; 7, filament expansion storehouse; 8, labyrinth silencer; 9, anti-unstability mechanism; 10, outer cylinder body; 11, inner barrel; 12, upper flange plate; 13, upper cover; 14, low head; 15, lower flange; 16, adjusting rod;
17, valve rod; 18, holder; 181, base plate; 182, top board; 19, accumulation of energy assembly; 191, with the two extension spring of core; 20, extending shaft; 21, lever; 22, ratchet; 23, ratchet; 24, rotating disk; 25, worm type of reduction gearing; 26, chain-wheel mechanism; 27, driving gear; 28, sector gear; 29, lock dog.
Detailed description of the invention
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of superheated steam generator 5 of the present invention, being used in orientation disassembles on stalk fibre equipment, tank 1 of disassembling for disassembling stalk fibre equipment to orientation carries out preheating, and carry high-temperature steam to disassembling in tank 1, orientation is disassembled disassembling on tank 1 of stalk fibre equipment and is also connected with air compressor 3, and air compressor 3 is for disassembling the stalk material pressurization in tank 1.Superheated steam generator 5 of the present invention is formed primarily of heating unit, as shown in Figure 7, heating unit comprises the heated shell 51 that inside is provided with medium channel and the dry combustion method heating tube 52 to the dielectric heating entered in medium channel be located in heated shell 51, heated shell 51 disassembles tank 1 for being arranged on, and heated shell 51 is provided with the medium entrance 55 and media outlet 56 that are communicated with medium channel.Medium is water or steam, and dry combustion method heating tube 52 connects power supply.
The heating unit of this superheated steam generator 5 is provided with three, three heating units are connected successively by the pipeline of peripheral hardware, first heating unit is by the aqueous water medium entered in the medium channel of its heated shell 51 directly heat vaporized one-level heating unit being transformed into steam, second heating unit is the secondary heating unit of the steam relay heating of being flowed out by one-level heating unit, and the 3rd heating unit is the three grades of heating units steam relay that secondary heating unit flows out being heated to design temperature.Medium entrance 55 on one-level heating unit is provided with water intaking valve, the media outlet 56 of one-level heating unit is connected with the medium entrance 55 of secondary heating unit, and the steam that one-level heating unit flows out enters relay heating in the medium channel of secondary heating unit heats housing 51.The media outlet 56 of secondary heating unit is connected with the medium entrance 55 of three grades of heating units, the steam that secondary heating unit flows out enters relay heating again in the medium channel of three grades of heating unit heats housings 51, until vapor (steam) temperature reaches design temperature, finally carry superheated steam by the media outlet 56 of three grades of heating units to disassembling in tank 1.Three heating units are arranged on to be disassembled on the outer cylinder body 10 of tank 1, between adjacent two heating units with copper tube as the pipeline connected.
One-level heating unit, secondary heating unit and three grades of heating units are one group of assemblys meeting electric Δ or Y connection, and the electrical connection between three dry combustion method heating tubes 52 one group meets the assembly of electric Δ or Y connection.
Heated shell 51 is rectangular tubular, adopts 304# stainless steel rectangular pipe to make.Heated shell 51 is installed to by the fixed block of outer setting and disassembles on the outer cylinder body 10 of tank 1, and is longitudinally arrange.
Heated shell 51 closed at both ends, inner hollow, its inside is medium channel.In heated shell 51, be also welded with the baffle plate 54 of even number rectangle along its length, baffle plate 54 is staggered to be arranged symmetrically with, and the medium channel of formation is the snakelike heat tunnel allowing medium pass through.Baffle plate 54 extends to the centre position of heated shell 51 from the madial wall of heated shell 51 always along the direction perpendicular with heated shell 51 length direction, namely the area of baffle plate 54 is the half of heated shell 51 internal cross-sectional area.Blind pipe 53 through each baffle plate 54, each baffle plate 54 has semicircular hole at the middle part of heated shell 51.
The number of heated shell 51 interior panelling 54 is determined by the overall length of the medium channel designed, and the longer heat exchanger effectiveness of medium channel is higher, and the temperature rise speed of water vapor speed and steam is faster.In this superheated steam generator 5, arrange four baffle plates 54, be divided into even number decile in the heated shell 51 of each heating unit, one group is located on two relative madial walls of heated shell 51 respectively between two.
In heated shell 51, be furnished with a blind pipe 53 along its length, blind pipe 53 passes all baffle plates 54 by the semi-circular hole on baffle plate 54.Blind pipe 53 adopts 304# stainless steel tube to make, the diameter 1mm larger than the diameter of dry combustion method heating tube 52 of blind pipe 53, dry combustion method heating tube 52 inserts in blind pipe 53, blind pipe 53 two ends are connected with the two ends inner wall sealing of heated shell 51, the cavity in closed state is just defined between blind pipe 53 and dry combustion method heating tube 52, do not allow high-temperature steam or seepage, guarantee that water power vapour is separated completely.
The rated voltage of dry combustion method heating tube 52 and power are 380V, 2000W, and the joint for being connected with power supply on dry combustion method heating tube 52 stretches out in outside heated shell 51.The water direct boiling entered in heated shell 51 can be become steam by the dry combustion method heating tube 52 in one-level heating unit, the steam that dry combustion method heating tube 52 in secondary heating unit and three grades of heating units will enter in respective heated shell 51 continues heating, the temperature of further raising steam, makes vapor (steam) temperature reach setting value.In system, the vapor (steam) temperature be vaporized will be heated to 110 DEG C by one-level heating unit, steam relay is heated by secondary heating unit and three grades of heating units, until vapor (steam) temperature is elevated to the 350C ° of regulation, what then continuously high-temperature steam is transported to that orientation disassembles stalk fibre equipment disassembles in tank 1, for softening stalk material.
Dry combustion method heating tube 52 in each heating unit can dry combustion method, by the dry combustion method of dry combustion method heat-generating pipe, superheated steam generator 5 is disassembling the outside dry combustion method heating of tank 1, one is carry out preheating to disassembling tank 1, two is provide heat insulation function to disassembling stalk material in tank 1, for keeping stable stalk Crystal, three are to provide the moisture content function regulating and disassemble in tank 1 in stalk material hole and cavity.
Additionally by the dry combustion method of dry combustion method heating tube 52, except disassembling except external heat around tank 1, insulation, can also pass into air at room temperature relay heating in snakelike heat tunnel, dry high-temperature hot air carries out drying to stalk material, also can reduce the moisture content disassembling stalk material in tank 1.
This superheated steam generator 5 can be connected with the control system that orientation disassembles stalk fibre equipment, controls dry combustion method heating tube 52 open or close by control system, and the unlatching of water intaking valve or closedown.
Disassemble in stalk fibre device processes stalk process in orientation, soften except stalk material except carrying out certain pre-preg with water to stalk, also high-temperature steam will be passed into, increase aquation, lignin in continuation reduction biomass straw and the connection crystallization tissue intensity of cellulose and hemicellulose, but there is excessive hydrone in stalk tissue and can affect stalk firing rate, occupy biomass straw inner pore and cavity, weaken pressure air to the treatment effect of stalk; Because the initial moisture content of stalk material disassembles into fiber to materials such as biomass straw and bamboo wood considerable influence, certain moisture can impel hemicellulose stripping, makes material form porous; The porosity of stalk is large, be then conducive to pressed gas and infiltrate biomass straw internal clearance, is formed larger to disassemble power; If hydrone major part occupies stalk inside, porosity can be caused little, its result can require more violent to disassemble stalk fibre condition.
Adopt the superheated steam generator 5 of said structure, temperature can be elevated to 350 DEG C from room temperature, and continuously adjustabe, be not function corresponding relation with the pressure disassembled in tank 1, to adapt to straw, the little stalk of the stand densities such as wheat straw is to bamboo, the trees that the stand densities such as wood are large are disassembled into biomass fiber, and the temperature range of design, to biomass processes such as stalks, adopt superheated steam that the crystalline structure in biomass straw can be made to become soft plastic, reduce the bonding strength of lignin and cellulose and hemicellulose, stalk orientation is disassembled into stalk fibre by aux. pressure air, this method is because air pressure can control separately, temperature can be controlled separately by dry-burning type superheated steam generator 5, so the dyeing that just can control in stalk fibre is rolled into a ball temperature influence and change color occurs, that is the reaction speed of stalk physicochemical change in vapor phase pulping process can be controlled, finally can obtain flavous high-valued stalk fibre, in this reduction biomass straw lignin and cellulose and hemicellulose bonding strength technical method and control the processing method of stalk physical-chemical reaction speed in vapor phase pulping process, different from other preprocess method of the prior art.
This superheated steam generator 5 is exactly that the technical method using this bidirectional reversible to control moisture content disassembles to control orientation the moisture content that stalk fibre equipment disassembles stalk material in tank 1, about this technical characteristic from adopts at present vapour quick-fried method Treating straw equipment and is representative with Canadian Sang Puda company abroad most advanced " continuous steam explosion equipment " heating technique method is different now, because the something in common of the quick-fried equipment of vapour is all adopt boiler heating technique both at home and abroad now, all exist in the quick-fried equipment pressurizing chamber of vapour, the moisture content of stalk material can not control problem, to such an extent as to equipment is at blowdown phase, do not form truly " vapour explosion " condition, the steam energy stored up is within the shortest time, in the biomass material dimension pipes such as stalk and bamboo wood and hole, do not obtain the most effective " blast " release, it is many that equipment decompress(ion) spurts half-cooked material in rear fiber, also there is ball valve is frequently spurting in process simultaneously, and vapour losses amount is large, and boiler heating boosting is slow, though decompress(ion) ball valve have employed carbide alloy, but serious wear, its life-span of the good ball valve of quality is also with regard to technical problems such as one months.
Embodiment one
Be illustrated in figure 1 and adopt the one orientation of this superheated steam generator 5 to disassemble stalk fibre equipment, it comprises disassembles tank 1, air compressor 3, filament expansion storehouse 7, decompress(ion) discharge valve 6, charging valve 2, superheated steam generator 5 and control system, this control system is a kind of PLC control system, control system with disassemble tank 1, air compressor 3, filament expansion storehouse 7, decompress(ion) discharge valve 6, superheated steam generator 5 be connected, control system and each parts of device for disassembling form logic control relation, and each mechanism of guarantee system works in order according to instruction.
This equipment operationally, being entered from charging valve 2 by the stalk needing orientation to disassemble disassembles tank 1, disassemble tank 1 for carrying out preliminary treatment to biomass straw, follow-up expansion phase transformation for stalk provides necessary condition, after the pre-treatment by opening decompress(ion) discharge valve 6, disassemble the stalk decompress(ion) release in tank 1, finally enter in filament expansion storehouse 7 and disassemble, become fiber and be collected.According to the difference of the biomass straw material variety that need disassemble, preset the numerical value of pressure, temperature and moisture content of straws three technological parameters disassembling tank 1 in the controls.
As shown in Figure 1, disassemble tank 1 to be connected by feed channel with the air compressor 3 of high pressure can be provided, feed channel is provided with the pressurizing valve 4 be connected with control system, pressurizing valve 4 is Solenoid ball valve, air compressor 3, to the stalk disassembled in tank 1 pressurization, disassembles the pressure that tank 1 requires to want to bear 4MPa.When equipment runs, according to the difference needing the directed biomass straw material variety disassembled, preset the numerical value of pressure, temperature and moisture content of straws three technological parameters disassembled in tank 1 in the controls.After adding stalk material, disassembling tank 1 needs preheating in advance, with the temperature value making the temperature of its inside reach setting.This equipment directly employs air compressor 3 and instead of boiler pressurization, achieves the independence disassembling pressure in tank 1 and controls, also reduce cost and energy resource consumption, decrease environmental pollution.In order to realize the automatic alternate treatment of disassembly system, disassemble tank 1 can arrange in pairs, according to production capacity demand, configured the number disassembling tank 1 voluntarily in even number by user, as 2, 4, 6 etc., when disassembling, the automatic decompress(ion) of tank 1 is disassembled once every 5 minutes, stalk is discharged in filament expansion storehouse 7, paired another disassembles tank 1, and also alternately decompress(ion) is once again, so at one time in section, with regard to quite in 2.5 minutes intervals to filament expansion storehouse 7 decompress(ion) once, paired tank 1 is disassembled as increased again, so this equipment will in high-frequency decompress(ion) situation, release in filament expansion storehouse 7.Like this by increasing the number disassembling tank 1, batch process can be carried out to stalk, industrially just can realize the continuous prodution of fiber.As shown in Figure 1, disassemble tank 1 in the present embodiment and be provided with a pair.
As shown in Figure 2, disassemble tank 1 and comprise outer cylinder body 10 and inner barrel 11, outer cylinder body 10 adopts 20# boiler steel to make, and inner barrel 11 is the cylinder adopting 304# stainless steel to be bent to form, but does not close at steel plate two ends, and the distortion for inner barrel 11 leaves certain leeway.Between the barrel of inner barrel 11 and the inwall of outer cylinder body 10, there is certain gap.Enter the bottom that the stalk disassembled in tank 1 will fall into inner barrel 11 and outer cylinder body 10, the size in gap between outer cylinder body 10 and inner barrel 11, can the temperature field of apparent temperature height and setting regulate.Therefore by the adjustment in gap, the temperature field height in inner barrel 11 can be regulated, to prevent because excessive temperature is by straw splitting sex change.The adjusting rod 16 for regulating gap between outer cylinder body 10 and inner barrel 11 is provided with in the inside of disassembling tank 1, adjusting rod 16 is threaded with outer cylinder body 10 through inner barrel 11, because inner barrel 11 can carry out distortion to a certain degree, by rotation adjusting lever 16 in inner barrel 11, adjusting rod 16 can make inner barrel 11 strut or shrink, reach the object regulating gap, as shown in Figure 3, adjusting rod 16 is uniformly distributed along inner barrel 11 circumferencial direction.
Superheated steam generator 5 with disassemble tank 1 and be connected, superheated steam generator 5 can spontaneous heating, by the water vapor of its inside, to the high-temperature steam disassembling tank 1 delivered inside 350 DEG C, superheated steam generator 5 has water intaking valve, control system can control water intaking valve and automatically open, and water is rapid vaporization in superheated steam generator 5, is transported to and disassembles in tank 1 after becoming 350 DEG C of high-temperature steams.Superheated steam generator 5 can produce 350C ° of high-temperature steam, except controlling to disassemble in tank 1 except this key process parameter of moisture content of straws, also there is the softening stalk that heats up, reduce the function of bonding strength between lignin and cellulose, hemicellulose, can be as required, on the basis not affecting stalk fibre quality, control the temperature of the steam that superheated steam generator 5 produces and disassemble the moisture content of stalk in tank 1, achieve moisture content of straws independently to control this be the function in prior art there not being the quick-fried treatment facility of this batch (-type) of boiler method stalk vapour.In addition, adopt superheated steam generator 5, its cost is only several thousand yuan, compared with boiler, significantly reduces equipment cost.
As shown in Figure 1, charging valve 2 is located at the material inlet place disassembling tank 1 upper end, decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 is located at the material outlet place disassembling tank 1 lower end, decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 is provided with a kind of quick opening, quick opening can realize decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 and open within the time being no more than 1ms, the diameter of charging valve 2 is greater than the diameter of decompress(ion) discharge valve 6, large diameter charging valve 2 is set so that charging, the decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 arranging minor diameter is convenient to formation 2 times of fluid velocities, decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 is connected with control system, controlled Systematical control is opened fast or is closed, as shown in Figure 2, disassemble the top and bottom of tank 1, namely the top and bottom of outer cylinder body 10 are the end socket of taper, be respectively upper cover 13 and low head 14, upper cover 13 and low head 14 are connected to upper flange plate 12 and lower flange 15, then align with the middle part of outer cylinder body 10 in inner barrel 11 position, outer cylinder body 10 assembly technology requires that conical head is that elliptic arc transition is connected with ring flange, prevents stress from concentrating.Upper flange plate 12 and charging valve 2 are tightly connected, lower flange 15 is conciliate pressure discharge valve 6 and is tightly connected, requirement ring flange is up big and down small, namely the diameter between upper flange plate 12 with lower flange 15 becomes 1.5 times of ratios, disassemble tank 1 inner barrel 11 conciliate pressure discharge valve 6 export undergauge ratio be 2 times of fluid velocity relations, namely the flow velocity of stalk in inner barrel 11 is 2 times of decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 exit flow velocity, is convenient to stalk and is sprayed at a high speed in filament expansion storehouse 7.
The valve that pressure discharge valve 6 can adopt eccentric half-ball valve, ball valve or other kind conciliate by charging valve 2.In this equipment, be then preferably eccentric half-ball valve, eccentric half-ball valve spool sphere when closing is progressive along valve seat, and valve has shearing function, can effectively avoid valve by straw blockage, avoid the wearing and tearing of valve.
As shown in Figure 6, decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 is provided with quick opening, as shown in Figure 4, this quick opening comprises the holder 18 of the valve body outside for being arranged on decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 and the valve rod coupling assembling, accumulation of energy assembly 19, the valve reset assembly that are arranged on holder 18.As shown in Figure 6, this quick opening is arranged on decompress(ion) discharge valve 6.Valve rod coupling assembling is fixedly connected with the valve rod 17 of decompress(ion) discharge valve 6, the accumulation of energy assembly 19 that the energy of storage outwards can be discharged is connected with valve rod coupling assembling, accumulation of energy assembly 19 pairs of valve rod coupling assemblings apply active force band ovable valve stem 17 and rotate Open valve, valve reset assembly is also connected with valve rod coupling assembling, reverse active force band ovable valve stem 17 is applied to valve rod coupling assembling and rotates valve-off, complete the accumulation of energy of accumulation of energy assembly 19 simultaneously.
Compared with prior art, be arranged on decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 by adopting the quick opening of said structure, can guarantee that valve is opened fast within the Millisecond time, namely in " gas blast " this Millisecond physical world, complete the solution pressure request to valve, only has the unlatching completing valve at short notice, the processing method of " spurting " and " expanded " could be distinguished, and the decompression time being no more than 1ms is compared with decompression time 0.00875s, ensure that " gas blast " pulse width range is well-to-do, it is more level and smooth that pressure peak is disassembled in formation, stable, the phenomenon avoiding peak value to be just fully opened at trailing edge section valve occurs, ensure to terminate to release for first second of stalk material blowdown, stalk material meets stable " gas blast " condition all the time.
As shown in Figure 4, holder 18 comprises base plate 181 and top board 182, and as shown in Figure 6, base plate 181 is for being arranged on decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 by whole device, and base plate 181 and top board 182 are also for carrying each assembly.Base plate 181 and top board 182 are bolted to connection, and have the space for arranging each assembly between base plate 181 and top board 182.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, accumulation of energy assembly 19 is arranged on base plate 181, and accumulation of energy assembly 19 comprises the two extension spring of same core and is arranged on the spring base at two extension spring 191 two ends of same core.This comprises an outer extension spring with the two extension spring 191 of core and inserts extension spring in outer extension spring, outer extension spring is different with the diameter of interior extension spring, length is equal, spring base valve rod coupling assembling with two extension spring 191 one end of core connects, and the spring base of the other end is connected with the base plate 181 of holder 18.Base plate 181 is provided with pole, and spring base is fixed by socket on this pole by the installing hole of on it.Adopting with the two extension spring 191 of core, when not increasing accumulation of energy assembly 19 overall size, enough large pulling force can be produced, and after an extension spring fractures, the effect that another root extension spring can also be played accumulation of energy and release energy, improve functional reliability.When needs Open valve, accumulation of energy assembly 19 releases energy generation pulling force, and shrink with the two extension spring 191 of core and pull the action of connected valve rod coupling assembling, band ovable valve stem 17 rotates, and valve rod 17 half-twist, realizes valve and open fast.When needs valve closing, valve rod coupling assembling oppositely promotes accumulation of energy assembly 19 and carries out accumulation of energy, and be elongated with the two extension spring 191 of core, storage power, for valve opening is next time prepared.
By Hooke's law: in the elastic limit of spring, the elongation of spring is directly proportional to the pulling force be subject to.
Then F=kX,
X in formula represents the elongation (mm) of spring, the number that the length after the length namely after spring elongation deducts compression obtains, and k is proportionality coefficient, is called coefficient of elasticity (kg/mm), and F represents the pulling force size (kg) of spring.Wherein: the 3 power * numbers of effective coils of coefficient of elasticity=wire diameter * 1000/C, C=mean diameter of coil/wire diameter mean diameter of coil=spring outer diameter-wire diameter;
Its displacement of object of which movement of ∵ certain mass and the functional relation of speed and time are again:
X=△V△t
∴ △t= F/k△V
In formula, △ t is t
2-t
1the time interval; △ V is V
2-V
1the speed of moving body of certain mass.
When tension spring tension value F mono-timing, certain mass extension spring rebound velocity V approximates the velocity of sound, and the ratio of the time t of at this moment extension spring resilience is just very little, and k is coefficient of elasticity (kg/mm).
As shown in Figure 4, in the space of valve rod coupling assembling between base plate 181 and top board 182, it comprises the extending shaft 20 be fixedly connected with valve rod 17 and the lever 21 being fixed on this extending shaft 20.Extending shaft 20 is fixedly connected with valve rod 17 through base plate 181, extending shaft 20 is coaxial with valve rod 17, and lever 21, using extending shaft 20 as rotating shaft, has installing hole with on the spring base of core two extension spring 191 one end, installing hole is socketed on the pole of lever 21 end setting, is rotationally connected with lever 21.Adopt the valve rod connecting component structure of this structure simple, under the effect of the pulling force of accumulation of energy assembly 19 generation, ovable valve stem 17 can be with fast to rotate.And when valve reset assembly applies opposition valve-off to valve rod coupling assembling, valve rod coupling assembling also stretchy accumulation of energy assembly 19 elongation carries out accumulation of energy.
As shown in Figure 4, valve reset assembly comprises ratchet, ratch mechanism and driving mechanism, the ratchet 22 of ratchet, ratch mechanism is fixedly mounted on the extending shaft 20 of valve rod coupling assembling, ratchet 22 is axle centered by extending shaft 20, ratchet 23 is connected with driving mechanism, ratchet 23 is evenly equipped with four, and corresponding ratchet 22 is provided with four grooves.Driving mechanism is located on top board 182, and it comprises drive motors, chain-wheel mechanism 26 and worm type of reduction gearing 25.Drive motors controls to do forward and reverse rotation by the directed control system disassembling stalk fibre equipment; it is a kind of DC exciting motor; drive motors being connected with worm type of reduction gearing 25 by chain-wheel mechanism 26; between chain-wheel mechanism 26 and worm type of reduction gearing 25, be also connected with friction clutch, the effect of overload protection can be played.Drive motors is connected with the drive sprocket of chain-wheel mechanism 26, driven sprocket is connected with the worm screw of worm type of reduction gearing 25, worm-wheel shaft stretches in the space base plate 181 and top board 182 through top board 182, worm-wheel shaft is provided with one be along the circumferential direction uniformly distributed on rotating disk 24 for rotating disk 24, four ratchets 23 installing ratchet 23.When Open valve, drive motors will first reversely rotate, and rotating disk 24 rotates backward 90 °, and rotating disk 24 drives ratchet 23 to depart from ratchet 22, to make ratchet 22 freely rotate, then just can carry out the unlatching of valve.When valve-off, drive motors rotates forward, the power produced is passed to rotating disk 24 through chain-wheel mechanism 26, worm type of reduction gearing 25, rotating disk 24 drives ratchet 23 to rotate together, ratchet 23 engages with ratchet 22, and ratchet 23 promotes ratchet 22 and rotates, and lever 21 rotates thereupon, valve is closed gradually, completes the energy storage work of accumulation of energy assembly 19 simultaneously.
Quick opening also comprise be arranged on the base plate 181 of holder 18 after valve closing by retaining mechanism that lever 21 is locked, as shown in Figure 5, this retaining mechanism comprises a lock dog 29, lock dog 29 is rotatably connected on the pole parallel with extending shaft 20 that be located on base plate 181, lock dog 29 matches with lever 21, lock dog 29 has the locking face of arc, one end of lever 21 is the curved surface identical with this locking face shape, be connected with the other end of lever 21 with the two extension spring 191 of core, lock dog 29 is also installed with the sector gear 28 that a radian is 35 °, sector gear 28 engages with the driving gear driven by unlocking motor 27 be located on base plate 181, unlocking motor also disassembles stalk fibre equipment control system with orientation is connected and controls by it, the rotating speed controlling unlocking motor is 30r/min.When valve proximity is closed completely, the position that lever 21 rotates backward to lock dog 29 is close, when the curved surface of lock dog 29 end contacts with the locking face on lock dog 29, lever 21 drives lock dog 29 synchronous axial system, until when valve is closed completely, the curved surface of lock dog 29 end contacts completely with the locking face on lock dog 29, and namely lever 21 is locked; In the starting stage of valve opening, unlocking motor drives driving gear 27 to rotate, driving gear 27 drives sector gear 28 to rotate, sector gear 28 drives lock dog 29 to rotate, lock dog 29 is rotated by the locking face shifting lever 21 on it, unlock, namely accumulating mechanism starts to release energy, Open valve.Be applied on this quick opening by the retaining mechanism of said structure, structure is simple, lever 21 can be locked completely, reliable operation, and can quick release.
This quick opening is in conjunction with above-mentioned each assembly, entirety defines a kind of device that valve is opened fast within the Millisecond time of can guaranteeing, achieve the decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 that orientation disassembles stalk fibre equipment to open fast within the Millisecond time, the decompression time of decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 is made to meet process stipulation requirement, can guarantee that orientation is disassembled stalk fibre equipment and can be formed stable " gas blast " effect, realize the quickly discharging material of decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 1, filament expansion storehouse 7 is connected by pipeline with the outlet of decompress(ion) discharge valve 6, disassembling the stalk that in tank 1, decompress(ion) is discharged finally enters in filament expansion storehouse 7 through decompress(ion) discharge valve 6, disassemble fiber requirements due to the technological parameter disassembled in tank 1 according to stalk orientation to preset, so stalk dimension pipe and intrapore pressure gas make stalk material expand phase transformation at once in filament expansion storehouse 7, be disassembled into stalk fibre along with clear and melodious sound stalk material.
As shown in Figure 1, filament expansion storehouse 7 is provided with labyrinth silencer 8 and anti-unstability mechanism 9.Anti-unstability mechanism 9 is located at the bottom in filament expansion storehouse 7, and anti-unstability mechanism 9 is made up of multiple supporting leg with resiliency supported function.Labyrinth silencer 8 is located at the top in filament expansion storehouse 7, is communicated with ambient atmosphere.Because filament expansion storehouse 7 constantly receives from disassembling the fiber and overbottom pressure that tank 1 decompress(ion) releases, therefore the anti-unstability in filament expansion storehouse 7 mechanism 9 is indispensable, disassembling in tank 1 decompress(ion) formation " gas blast " process in addition, also with sound, therefore on filament expansion storehouse 7 except being provided with anti-unstability mechanism 9, also have labyrinth silencer 8; A cyclopneumatic separator can also be connected, for separating of the fiber of different specific weight with the fiber outlet place of the bottom in filament expansion storehouse 7.
Adopt above-mentioned structure, this orientation is disassembled stalk fibre equipment and superheated steam generator 5 is produced 350C ° of Steam Heating, the decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 that external High-Pressure Compressor 3 and opening time are no more than 1ms combines, entirety can realize disassembling the pressure in tank 1, the independence of temperature and moisture content of straws controls, stable " gas blast " effect can be formed, ensure that the orientation that stalk fibre advances swiftly unhindered disassembles speciality, and the fiber do not damaged in stalk, can ensure that all kinds stalk is disassembled into high-valued fiber in " gas blast " within the scope of the burst length, this is the compared with prior art maximum difference of this equipment.And will have a greatly reduced quality technically lower than " gas blast " burst length scope, lower than the critical pressure value of stalk fibre and lignin bonding strength, even can not open the connection of fiber and lignin, discharging opening is raw material entirely.
The disassembling method that the orientation of the present embodiment disassembles stalk fibre equipment comprises following step:
(1) according to the difference of the biomass straw material variety that need disassemble, the numerical value of pressure, temperature and moisture content of straws three technological parameters disassembled in tank 1 is preset in the controls;
(2) charging valve 2 that control system controls to disassemble tank 1 upper end is opened, and will cut off in advance and be transported to from charging valve 2 through the stalk material of sofening treatment and disassemble in tank 1, and after conveying, close charging valve 2;
(3) tank 1 is disassembled in preheating, control system detects simultaneously disassembles tank 1 internal temperature, until the temperature disassembling tank 1 rises to set temperature value, open the water intaking valve of superheated steam generator 5, water is rapid vaporization in superheated steam generator 5, and 350C ° of high-temperature steam of generation is transported to be disassembled in tank 1; Control system detects the moisture content of straws disassembled in tank 1, and by controlling the opening and closing of water intaking valve, guaranteeing that moisture content of straws is in range of set value, continuing to guarantee that stalk is in the state be convenient to be directed and disassembled into fiber;
(4) close the water intaking valve of superheated steam generator 5, open pressurizing valve 4, air compressor 3 starts, to disassembling pressurization in tank 1, until the pressure increase disassembled in tank 1 is to setup pressure value, to cut out pressurizing valve 4;
(5) after control system detects and disassembles pressure in tank 1, temperature, moisture content of straws three technological parameters all reach setting value, the decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 that control system controls to disassemble tank 1 lower end is opened within the time of 1ms, disassembling under the pressure effect in tank 1, stalk material is directed onto in filament expansion storehouse 7 at once, stalk dimension pipe and intrapore pressure gas make stalk material will expand phase transformation at once in filament expansion storehouse 7, be directed disassemble into stalk fibre along with clear and melodious sound stalk material;
(6) stalk fibre in filament expansion storehouse 7 is taken out, finally carry out cyclonic separation by fiber proportion.
In above-mentioned steps (2), the total amount being delivered to the biomass straw material disassembled in tank 1 accounts for disassembles 2/3 of tank 1 cumulative volume, namely the height of stalk material will reach 2/3 height disassembling tank 1, and disassembles after equipment decompress(ion) can be guaranteed in remaining space, tank 1 top and have abundant constant air pressure to be sent in filament expansion storehouse 7 by stalk material.
In above-mentioned steps (5), after control system detects and disassembles pressure in tank 1, temperature, moisture content of straws three technological parameters all reach setting value, control system controls unlocking motor and starts, lock dog 29 rotates, lever 21 is unlocked, the assembly of accumulation of energy simultaneously 19 promotes lever 21 and swings, lever 21 drives the valve rod 17 of decompress(ion) discharge valve 6 to rotate within the time of 1ms, Open valve, disassembling under the pressure effect in tank 1, stalk material is directed onto in filament expansion storehouse 7 at once, and in filament expansion storehouse 7, stalk material is disassembled into stalk fibre; After discharging, the backswing of valve rod reset assembly activation lever 21, band ovable valve stem 17 rotates and starts valve-off, while lever 21 swings, lever 21 oppositely promotes accumulation of energy assembly 19 and shrinks and carry out accumulation of energy, until valve is closed completely, and lever 21 the mechanism's locking that is locked.
Biomass straw material can be cut off in advance and the stalk of rice straw, wheat stalk, maize straw or other kind after sofening treatment, bamboo wood etc.
Above by reference to the accompanying drawings to invention has been exemplary description; obvious specific implementation of the present invention is not subject to the restrictions described above; as long as have employed the improvement of the various unsubstantialities that method of the present invention is conceived and technical scheme is carried out; or design of the present invention and technical scheme directly applied to other occasion, all within protection scope of the present invention without to improve.
Claims (7)
1. a superheated steam generator, stalk fibre equipment is disassembled for orientation, orientation disassemble stalk fibre equipment comprise for splendid attire stalk material disassemble tank and with disassemble the tank connected air compressor that the stalk material disassembled in tank is pressurizeed, superheated steam generator is to disassembling delivering vapor in tank, it is characterized in that: described superheated steam generator is formed primarily of heating unit, heating unit comprise inside be provided with medium channel heated shell and be located in heated shell to the dry combustion method heating tube of dielectric heating entering medium channel, heated shell disassembles tank described in being arranged on, heated shell is provided with the medium entrance and media outlet that are communicated with medium channel,
Described heating unit is provided with three that are connected successively by peripheral hardware pipeline, first heating unit is the one-level heating unit aqueous water medium direct boiling entered in its heated shell being transformed into steam, second heating unit is the secondary heating unit of the steam relay heating of being flowed out by one-level heating unit, and the 3rd heating unit is the three grades of heating units steam relay that secondary heating unit flows out being heated to design temperature; Medium entrance place on one-level heating unit is provided with water intaking valve, and the media outlet of three grades of heating units is to disassembling delivering vapor in tank;
When not passing into medium in heating unit, the dry combustion method heating tube in heating unit is heated the outer cylinder body disassembling tank by dry combustion method; And when passing into air in heating unit, the high-temperature hot air produced after heating enters to disassemble in tank and carries out drying to stalk material, to reduce the moisture content disassembling stalk material in tank.
2. superheated steam generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be provided with multiple baffle plate along its length in the medium channel of described heated shell, baffle plate interlaced arrangement, and the medium channel of formation is the snakelike heat tunnel allowing medium pass through.
3. superheated steam generator according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described dry combustion method heating tube overcoat has blind pipe, has the cavity in closed state between blind pipe and dry combustion method heating tube.
4. superheated steam generator according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described blind pipe is through baffle plate described in each.
5. the superheated steam generator according to Claims 2 or 3 or 4, is characterized in that: described baffle plate is provided with four pieces.
6. superheated steam generator according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described one-level heating unit, secondary heating unit and three grades of heating units adopt electric Δ or Y connection.
7. superheated steam generator according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the heated shell of described heating unit is rectangular tube structure.
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| CN201310285767.9A CN103382670B (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2013-07-09 | Superheated steam generator |
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| CN103726374B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-04-20 | 李怿焜 | A kind of continuously-directional disassembles stalk fibre equipment |
| CN105650856A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-06-08 | 姚小兵 | Environmentally friendly temperature raising device |
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| CN2588206Y (en) * | 2002-12-25 | 2003-11-26 | 南化集团研究院 | Steam overheat device for electric heating pipe |
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| US8057639B2 (en) * | 2008-02-28 | 2011-11-15 | Andritz Inc. | System and method for preextraction of hemicellulose through using a continuous prehydrolysis and steam explosion pretreatment process |
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| CN2588206Y (en) * | 2002-12-25 | 2003-11-26 | 南化集团研究院 | Steam overheat device for electric heating pipe |
| CN1651819A (en) * | 2005-02-06 | 2005-08-10 | 贺艺科 | Electrothermic pipe overheat steam boiler |
| CN1737253A (en) * | 2005-08-27 | 2006-02-22 | 蔡文翀 | Method and equipment for producing paper pulp by gases mixed explosion |
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