CN103381361A - Flocculent nanoscale sodium niobate compound photocatalytic material and application thereof in environment purification and hydrogen preparation - Google Patents
Flocculent nanoscale sodium niobate compound photocatalytic material and application thereof in environment purification and hydrogen preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN103381361A CN103381361A CN201310317434XA CN201310317434A CN103381361A CN 103381361 A CN103381361 A CN 103381361A CN 201310317434X A CN201310317434X A CN 201310317434XA CN 201310317434 A CN201310317434 A CN 201310317434A CN 103381361 A CN103381361 A CN 103381361A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of photocatalysis, in particular to a flocculent nanoscale sodium niobate compound photocatalytic material and an application thereof in environment purification and hydrogen preparation. The nanoscale sodium niobate compound photocatalytic material is prepared through the following method which includes utilizing excessive Na2CO3 and Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18 to conduct high temperature topological reaction to form flocculent nanoscale sodium niobate, and finally compounding the sodium niobate and urea to obtain the compound photocatalytic material. The flocculent nanoscale sodium niobate compound photocatalytic material can expand a light absorption belt of the sodium niobate to a visible region, improves catalytic activity, has good methyl orange light degradation performance and can be especially widely applied to environment purification and hydrogen preparation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photocatalysis field, be specifically related to a kind of cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material and the application in the depollution of environment and hydrogen preparation thereof.
Background technology
The 21 century of rich challenge makes the mankind step into a hinge of the history, and in economy, cultural development, due to the high speed development of modern industry, the environmental pollution that Industrial " three Waste " causes is seriously threatening the mankind's survival and development.Simultaneously, limited fossil energy is exploited in a large number, and energy crisis just progressively manifests.Conductor photocatalysis is one of most promising environmentally friendly new technology, this technology demonstrates wide application prospect at aspects such as degradable organic pollutant, photolysis water hydrogens, demonstrates great superiority in the energy and environment two large problems that solves present facing mankind.
Sodium niobate (NaNbO
3) caused a lot of scholars' attention because of its environment friendly as catalysis material, studies show that NaNbO
3Pattern its photocatalysis performance is had larger impact [Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of NaNbO
3Prepared by hydrothermal and polymerized complex methods, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids., 69 (10) 2487-2491,2008].Yet because its crystallization temperature is higher, still there is certain difficulty in the preparation of nano-scale particle.Simultaneously, the broad-band gap of existing pure sodium niobate makes it can only absorb ultraviolet light, can not well absorb the visible light part in sunshine, needs badly by effective modification and expands its light absorption, improves its photocatalysis performance.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency of pure sodium niobate optical absorption property, the invention provides a kind of cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material, can expand the light absorption band edge of sodium niobate to visible region, improve its catalytic activity, have Photodegradation of Methyl Orange performance preferably; The invention also discloses the application of described cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material in the depollution of environment and hydrogen preparation.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material is prepared from by following steps:
(1) according to mass ratio Na
2CO
3: Bi
2.5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18=(5 ~ 20): 1 mixed grinding is even, then, by NaCl and mixture quality than (1.5 ~ 5): 1 adds NaCl, and mixed grinding is even, 900 ~ 1100 ℃ of insulations 1 ~ 8 hour, gets yellow solid; Yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 70 ~ 90 ℃ of deionized waters, until in washing lotion without Cl
-Till; Then, yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 80 ~ 90 ℃ of rare nitric acid, until in washing lotion without Bi
3+Till, then clean with deionized water, after oven dry, obtain cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate;
(2) with urea and cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate (0.5 ~ 10) in mass ratio: 1 mixes, and after grinding evenly, calcines 0.5 ~ 3 hour under 300 ~ 600 ℃ of conditions, namely gets cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material.
According to above-mentioned cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material, described Bi
2. 5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18The preparation method be: 5:7:10 takes respectively Bi in molar ratio
2O
3, Na
2CO
3And Nb
2O
5, it is mixed, then, by NaCl and mixture quality than (1.5 ~ 3): 1 adds NaCl, after grinding evenly, 1100 ~ 1250 ℃ of insulations 1 ~ 10 hour, gets yellow solid; Above-mentioned solid is cleaned repeatedly with 70 ~ 90 ℃ of deionized waters, until in washing lotion without Cl
-Till, after oven dry, obtain tablet Bi
2. 5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18
According to above-mentioned cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material, described Bi
2. 5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18The preparation method in the reaction heating rate be 7 ~ 20 ℃/min.
Cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material according to above-mentioned adopts AgNO in described step
3Check Cl
-
According to above-mentioned cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material, adopt following methods check Bi in described step
3+: add highly basic in washing lotion, without precipitating without Bi
3+Exist.
According to above-mentioned cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material, described step (2) reaction temperature-rise period is: 5 ~ 10 ℃/min of heating rate before 850 ℃, 0.5 ~ 2 ℃/min of heating rate after 850 ℃.
The application of above-mentioned cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material in the depollution of environment and hydrogen preparation.
The sodium niobate preparation principle is the improvement topological approach: at first, prepare the lamellar compound that has with target synthetic analog structure by solid phase reaction, this lamellar compound has sheet-like morphology; Then, by molten-salt growth method, unwanted element in lamellar compound is exchanged away, obtain the compound that will synthesize, and keep sheet-like morphology.
Positive beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) the present invention prepares cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate first, has enlarged markedly specific area (comparing with existing nano powder, nano wire), has improved its photocatalysis performance; The cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate that the present invention prepares helps to form the composite photocatalyst material of combining closely with other photochemical catalyst.
2) composite photocatalyst material of the present invention can expand sodium niobate the light absorption band edge to visible region, improve its catalytic activity, have Photodegradation of Methyl Orange performance preferably, especially can extensive use in the preparation of the depollution of environment and hydrogen.
3) composite photocatalyst material of the present invention raw materials used for cheap, be simple and easy to urea, recombination process is relative low temperature synthetic (300 ~ 600 ℃), energy savings has obvious economic benefit, is beneficial to industrial production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate XRD spectra of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation.
Fig. 2 is the cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate SEM photo of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation.
Fig. 3 is the cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation and the Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation methyl orange design sketch of composite photocatalyst material thereof.
The specific embodiment
Further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but be not to be restriction to protection domain of the present invention, related process in embodiment is conventional method or step if no special instructions, and medicine and reagent used is commercially available except specifying.
Embodiment 1
The cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate of the present embodiment composite photocatalyst material is prepared from by following steps:
(1) 5:7:10 takes respectively Bi in molar ratio
2O
32.33g, Na
2CO
30.742g and Nb
2O
52.6581g, it is mixed, then, add NaCl with mixture quality than 1.5:1 by NaCl, after grinding evenly, be warming up to 1150 ℃ of insulation 3h take speed as 10 ℃/min, get yellow solid; Above-mentioned solid is cleaned repeatedly with 80 ℃ of deionized waters, until use AgNO
3Check in washing lotion without Cl
-Till, after oven dry, obtain tablet Bi
2. 5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18
(2) according to mass ratio Na
2CO
3: Bi
2.5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18=12:1 mixed grinding is even, then, adds NaCl with mixture quality than 1.5:1 by NaCl, after ground and mixed is even, is warmed up to 850 ℃ with 7 ℃/min, then is warmed up to 960 ℃ of insulation 3h with 1 ℃/min, gets yellow solid; Yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 80 ℃ of deionized waters, until use AgNO
3Check in washing lotion without Cl
-Till; Then, yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 80 ℃ of rare nitric acid, until add NaOH without precipitating (without Bi in washing lotion
3+) till, then clean with deionized water, after oven dry, obtain cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate; Recording its specific area is 50 m
2/ g;
(3) the cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate that urea and step (2) is prepared 2.5:1 in mass ratio mixes, and after grinding evenly, calcining is 1 hour under 400 ℃ of conditions, namely gets cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material.
Fig. 1 is the x x ray diffraction spectrogram of the cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate of gained, and sample contains the NaNbO of crystallization as can be seen from Fig.
3Fig. 2 is the SEM photo of the cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate of gained, and as can be seen from the figure cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate is the complexion as cotton-wool of being piled up by nano particle.
Embodiment 2
Get cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate and each 50mg of composite thereof of embodiment 1 preparation, use the 300W xenon lamp, the degraded initial concentration is the methyl orange solution of 10mg/L under radiation of visible light, and result as shown in Figure 3; Its course of reaction is observed first order kinetics, and under radiation of visible light, the speed constant of cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate is 0.0009 min
-1, the speed constant of its composite is 0.0029 min
-1, increased by 300% than pure sodium niobate, clearly effectively increased its visible light photocatalysis performance.
Embodiment 3
Get cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate and each 50mg of composite thereof of embodiment 1 preparation, put into 25% methanol aqueous solution, Pt stirs as co-catalyst (0.5%wt), and nitrogen blowing is to no oxygen; Under normal pressure, with the lower hydrogen production by water decomposition of 300W xenon lamp irradiation, its result shows, under radiation of visible light, the hydrogen-producing speed of cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate is 0.5 μ mol/h, and the hydrogen-producing speed of its composite is 40 μ mol/h, has improved 80 times than pure sodium niobate.
Embodiment 4
The cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate of the present embodiment composite photocatalyst material is prepared from by following steps:
(1) according to mass ratio Na
2CO
3: Bi
2.5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18(conventional method preparation)=the 12:1 mixed grinding is even, then, adds NaCl with mixture quality than 1.5:1 by NaCl, after ground and mixed is even, is warmed up to 850 ℃ with 7 ℃/min, then is warmed up to 960 ℃ of insulation 3h with 1 ℃/min, gets yellow solid; Yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 80 ℃ of deionized waters, until use AgNO
3Check in washing lotion without Cl
-Till; Then, yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 80 ℃ of rare nitric acid, until add NaOH without precipitating (without Bi in washing lotion
3+) till, then clean with deionized water, after oven dry, obtain cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate;
(2) the cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate that urea and step (1) is prepared 2.5:1 in mass ratio mixes, and after grinding evenly, calcining is 1 hour under 400 ℃ of conditions, namely gets cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material.
Embodiment 5
The cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate of the present embodiment composite photocatalyst material is prepared from by following steps:
(1) according to mass ratio Na
2CO
3: Bi
2.5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18(conventional method preparation)=the 20:1 mixed grinding is even, then, adds NaCl with mixture quality than 5:1 by NaCl, after ground and mixed is even, is warmed up to 1100 ℃ of insulation 1h, gets yellow solid; Yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 90 ℃ of deionized waters, until use AgNO
3Check in washing lotion without Cl
-Till; Then, then, yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 90 ℃ of rare nitric acid, until add KOH without precipitating (without Bi in washing lotion
3+) till, then clean with deionized water, after oven dry, obtain cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate;
(2) the cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate that urea and step (1) is prepared 10:1 in mass ratio mixes, and after grinding evenly, calcining is 0.5 hour under 600 ℃ of conditions, namely gets cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material.
Embodiment 6
The cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate of the present embodiment composite photocatalyst material is prepared from by following steps:
(1) 5:7:10 takes respectively Bi in molar ratio
2O
32.33g, Na
2CO
30.742g and Nb
2O
52.6581g, it is mixed, then, add NaCl with mixture quality than 1.5:1 by NaCl, after grinding evenly, be warming up to 1100 ℃ of insulation 10h, get yellow solid; Above-mentioned solid is cleaned repeatedly with 70 ℃ of deionized waters, until use AgNO
3Check in washing lotion without Cl
-Till, after oven dry, obtain tablet Bi
2. 5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18
(2) according to mass ratio Na
2CO
3: Bi
2.5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18=5:1 mixed grinding is even, then, adds NaCl with mixture quality than 1.5:1 by NaCl, after ground and mixed is even, is warmed up to 850 ℃ with 10 ℃/min, then is warmed up to 900 ℃ of insulation 8h with 2 ℃/min, gets yellow solid; Yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 70 ℃ of deionized waters, until use AgNO
3Check in washing lotion without Cl
-Till; Then, then, yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 85 ℃ of rare nitric acid, until add NaOH without precipitating (without Bi in washing lotion
3+) till, then clean with deionized water, after oven dry, obtain cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate;
(3) the cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate that urea and step (2) is prepared 0.5:1 in mass ratio mixes, and after grinding evenly, calcining is 3 hours under 300 ℃ of conditions, namely gets cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material.
Embodiment 7
The cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate of the present embodiment composite photocatalyst material is prepared from by following steps:
(1) 5:7:10 takes respectively Bi in molar ratio
2O
32.33g, Na
2CO
30.742g and Nb
2O
52.6581g, it is mixed, then, add NaCl with mixture quality than 2:1 by NaCl, after grinding evenly, be warming up to 1200 ℃ of insulation 5h, get yellow solid; Above-mentioned solid is cleaned repeatedly with 80 ℃ of deionized waters, until use AgNO
3Check in washing lotion without Cl
-Till, after oven dry, obtain tablet Bi
2. 5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18
(2) according to mass ratio Na
2CO
3: Bi
2.5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18=10:1 mixed grinding is even, then, adds NaCl with mixture quality than 3:1 by NaCl, after ground and mixed is even, is warmed up to 1000 ℃ of insulation 4h, gets yellow solid; Yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 80 ℃ of deionized waters, until use AgNO
3Check in washing lotion without Cl
-Till; Then, then, yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 80 ℃ of rare nitric acid, until add KOH without precipitating (without Bi in washing lotion
3+) till, then clean with deionized water, after oven dry, obtain cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate;
(3) the cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate that urea and step (2) is prepared 5:1 in mass ratio mixes, and after grinding evenly, calcining is 2 hours under 500 ℃ of conditions, namely gets cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiment, and those skilled in the art also can make multiple variation accordingly, but any and the present invention are equal to or similarly change and all should be encompassed in the scope of claim of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material is characterized in that: be prepared from by following steps:
(1) according to mass ratio Na
2CO
3: Bi
2.5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18=(5 ~ 20): 1 mixed grinding is even, then, by NaCl and mixture quality than (1.5 ~ 5): 1 adds NaCl, and mixed grinding is even, 900 ~ 1100 ℃ of insulations 1 ~ 8 hour, gets yellow solid; Yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 70 ~ 90 ℃ of deionized waters, until in washing lotion without Cl
-Till; Then, yellow solid is cleaned repeatedly with 80 ~ 90 ℃ of rare nitric acid, until in washing lotion without Bi
3+Till, then clean with deionized water, after oven dry, obtain cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate;
(2) with urea and cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate (0.5 ~ 10) in mass ratio: 1 mixes, and after grinding evenly, calcines 0.5 ~ 3 hour under 300 ~ 600 ℃ of conditions, namely gets cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material.
2. cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Bi
2. 5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18The preparation method be: 5:7:10 takes respectively Bi in molar ratio
2O
3, Na
2CO
3And Nb
2O
5, it is mixed, then, by NaCl and mixture quality than (1.5 ~ 3): 1 adds NaCl, after grinding evenly, 1100 ~ 1250 ℃ of insulations 1 ~ 10 hour, gets yellow solid; Above-mentioned solid is cleaned repeatedly with 70 ~ 90 ℃ of deionized waters, until in washing lotion without Cl
-Till, after oven dry, obtain tablet Bi
2. 5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18
3. cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described Bi
2. 5Na
3.5Nb
5O
18The preparation method in the reaction heating rate be 7 ~ 20 ℃/min.
4. cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt AgNO in described step
3Check Cl
-
5. cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt following methods check Bi in described step
3+: add highly basic in washing lotion, without precipitating without Bi
3+Exist.
6. cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described step (1) reaction temperature-rise period is: 5 ~ 10 ℃/min of heating rate 850 ℃ before, and at 850 ℃ of later 0.5 ~ 2 ℃/min of heating rate.
7. the application of the described cotton-shaped nanoscale sodium niobate composite photocatalyst material of claim 1 ~ 6 any one in the depollution of environment and hydrogen preparation.
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Cited By (1)
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CN105174948A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2015-12-23 | 江南大学 | Preparation method of niobate solid solution material |
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