CN103379182A - Data transmission method and client sides - Google Patents
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- CN103379182A CN103379182A CN2012101173066A CN201210117306A CN103379182A CN 103379182 A CN103379182 A CN 103379182A CN 2012101173066 A CN2012101173066 A CN 2012101173066A CN 201210117306 A CN201210117306 A CN 201210117306A CN 103379182 A CN103379182 A CN 103379182A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a data transmission method and client sides. The data transmission method includes the steps of enabling the first client side to obtain the private network IP address and the port number of the second client side and the public network IP address and the port number of a second NAT device connected with the second client side through a login server, enabling the first client side to package a data package to be transmitted into a data package allowed to be transmitted by a first firewall in the first client side, wherein the packaged data package carries the private network IP address and the port number of the second client side and the public network IP address and the port number of the second NAT device, and enabling the first client side to transmit the packaged data package to the second client side through the first firewall, a first NAT device connected with the first client side and the second NAT device. According to the data transmission method and the client sides, the technical problem that in the prior art, data transmission is delayed due to the fact that two sides of communication need to carry out data transfer through a transfer station is solved, and the data transmission efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to internet arena, in particular to a kind of data transmission method and client.
Background technology
At present, generally all one or more fire compartment walls can be installed on the computer, fire compartment wall is not in order to shield all communications conduits, such as, after fire compartment wall has been installed, user's internet information that still can surf the web.Supposing has such scene now: the user on two computers chats mutually, the data content of chat is audio digital signals, the characteristics of audio digital signals are exactly: continue and data volume large, if will first data be sent to server according to the requirement of fire compartment wall according to traditional data transmission method user, then server gives data retransmission to end subscriber, such processing mode certainly will be brought very large bandwidth consumption to central server, has also increased simultaneously the time of delay of data from the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal.
Certainly, present the Internet has a lot of application to use the technology of P2P, yet based on this technology, exist under the environment of local fire compartment wall, if communicate between user A and the user B, then the packet of user A transmission is when passing through the computer of user A, the set local fire compartment wall of this computer will detect this packet, only have this packet to satisfy the requirement of the rule of communication of local fire compartment wall, this packet just may be transmitted, the packet that is transmitted will be sent to transfer server, transfer server with the data retransmission that receives to user B, when user A receives the packet of user B transmission, need too transfer server to carry out the forwarding of data, thereby cause the transfer pressure of transfer server too large.Cause the main cause of the problems referred to above to be, only have and preserved the address that communicates both sides and the mapping relations between the port in the transfer server, the receiving-transmitting sides of data does not also know that the other side carries out port numbers and the address of data communication, therefore transmitting terminal need to send to transfer server with data, transfer server finds address and the port numbers of receiving terminal according to the mapping table of self storing, then send the data to receiving terminal according to the address of finding and port numbers, thereby realize the forwarding of both sides' data.
As seen, in the process that data send, transfer server need to carry out transfer to the data of communicating pair.Yet, under this transfer mode, when a large number of users carries out the data transmission simultaneously, because the handling capacity of transfer server itself and the transmission delay that bandwidth ability will cause the final data bag, even some data can't correctly be delivered to receiving terminal.
For the problems referred to above, effective solution is proposed not yet at present.
Summary of the invention
The application's main purpose is to provide a kind of data transmission method and device, to solve at least during communicating pair need to carry out data by terminal in the prior art then the technical problem of the data transfer delay that causes.
An aspect according to the application, a kind of data transmission method is provided, has comprised: the first client obtains the second client by registrar private network IP address is connected public network IP address and the port numbers of the second NAT device of being connected with the second client with port numbers; The first client is sealed outgoing data and is dressed up the first fire compartment wall in the first client and allow the packet that transmits, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and second NAT device of the second client in the packet after the encapsulation; Packet after the first client will encapsulate is sent to the second client by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device that is connected with the first client and the second NAT device.
Preferably, when the private network IP address that obtains the second client by registrar in the first client is connected the public network IP address of the second NAT device of being connected with the second client and port numbers with port numbers, also comprise: the second client by registrar obtain the private network IP address of the first client and port numbers and with public network IP address and the port numbers of the first NAT device; The second client is sealed outgoing data and is dressed up the second fire compartment wall in the second client and allow the packet that transmits, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and first NAT device of the first client in the packet after the encapsulation; Packet after the second client will encapsulate is sent to the first client by the second fire compartment wall, the second NAT device and the first NAT device.
Preferably, the first client obtains the private network IP address of the second client and port numbers by registrar and the public network IP address of the second NAT device of being connected with the second client and port numbers, the second client obtain the private network IP address of the first client and port numbers by registrar and comprise with the public network IP address of the first NAT device and the step of port numbers: set up first and receive tunnel and first and send the tunnel between the first client and registrar; Between the second client and registrar, set up second and receive tunnel and the second transmission tunnel; The first client and the second client by first receive tunnel, first send the tunnel and be connected receive the tunnel be connected the private network IP address that sends mutual the second client in tunnel be connected with port numbers the private network IP address of the public network IP address of the second NAT device of being connected with the second client and port numbers, the first client and port numbers and with public network IP address and the port numbers of the first NAT device.
Preferably, packet after the first client will encapsulate comprises by the step that the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device that is connected with the first client and the second NAT device are sent to the second client: the first client is informed homing sequence, length and the end sequence of the packet after the encapsulation by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device and the second NAT device, wherein, the packet after the encapsulation is the data sequence that is comprised of a plurality of data; Packet Generation after the first client continues to encapsulate by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device and the second NAT device finishes until the data after the encapsulation comprise sending to the second client.
Preferably, packet after the second client will encapsulate comprises by the step that the second fire compartment wall, the second NAT device and the first NAT device are sent to the first client: the second client is informed homing sequence, length and the end sequence of the packet after the encapsulation by the second fire compartment wall, the second NAT device and the first NAT device, wherein, the packet after the encapsulation is the data sequence that is comprised of a plurality of data; Packet Generation after the second client continues to encapsulate by the second fire compartment wall, the second NAT device and the first NAT device finishes until the data after the encapsulation comprise sending to the first client.
According to the application on the other hand, a kind of client is provided, comprise: acquiring unit is used for being connected public network IP address and the port numbers of the second NAT device of being connected with another client with port numbers by the private network IP address that registrar obtains another client; Encapsulation unit, be used for outgoing data sealed and dress up client the first fire compartment wall and allow the packet that transmits, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and second NAT device of another client in the packet after the encapsulation; Transmitting element, the packet after being used for encapsulating is sent to another client by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device that is connected with client and the second NAT device.
Preferably, also comprise: the second transmitting element is used for being connected public network IP address and the port numbers of the first NAT device of being connected with client with port numbers to the private network IP address that registrar sends self; Receiving element, be used for receiving the packet that another client sends by the second fire compartment wall, the second NAT device and the first NAT device, wherein, packet is that another client allows the packet encapsulation transmitted according to the second fire compartment wall in another client, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and second NAT device of another client in the packet after the encapsulation.
Preferably, also comprise: set up the unit, be used for and registrar between set up first and receive tunnel and first and send the tunnel; Interactive unit, be used for by first receive tunnel, first send tunnel and another client alternately the private network IP address of another client be connected with port numbers the private network IP address of the public network IP address of the second NAT device of being connected with another client and port numbers, client and port numbers and with public network IP address and the port numbers of the first NAT device.
Preferably, transmitting element comprises: inform module, be used for informing by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device and the second NAT device homing sequence, length and the end sequence of the packet after the encapsulation, wherein, the packet after the encapsulation is the data sequence that is comprised of a plurality of data; Sending module to another client, sends end until the data after the encapsulation comprise for the Packet Generation after continuing to encapsulate by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device and the second NAT device.
Preferably, receiving element comprises: acquisition module, homing sequence, length and end sequence for the packet after the encapsulation of obtaining another client transmission by the second fire compartment wall, the second NAT device and the first NAT device, wherein, the packet after the encapsulation is the data sequence that is comprised of a plurality of data; Receiver module is used for receiving another client by the lasting packet after the encapsulation of client transmission of the second fire compartment wall, the second NAT device and the first NAT device, finishes until the packet after the encapsulation receives.
Technical scheme by the application, only before data communication, use the server that is used for data relay to carry out front the shaking hands of data communication, namely obtain the address information of opposite end, and in data communication process, directly fire compartment wall and the NAT device by transmitting terminal transfers data to receiving terminal, and do not need to use above-mentioned server for data relay, thereby avoided when a large number of users carries out the data transmission simultaneously, because the handling capacity of transfer server itself and the transmission delay that bandwidth ability causes the final data bag, even some data can't correctly be delivered to the technical problem of opposite end, improve the efficient of transfer of data.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide the further understanding to the application, consists of the application's a part, and the application's illustrative examples and explanation thereof are used for explaining the application, do not consist of the improper restriction to the application.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of preferred structure block diagram according to the data transmission system of the embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 2 is the another kind of preferred structure block diagram according to the data transmission system of the embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 3 is another the preferred structure block diagram according to the data transmission system of the embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 4 is a kind of preferred flow charts according to the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 5 is the another kind of preferred flow charts according to the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 6 is another preferred flow charts according to the data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application.
Embodiment
Hereinafter also describe in conjunction with the embodiments the application in detail with reference to accompanying drawing.Need to prove that in the situation of not conflicting, embodiment and the feature among the embodiment among the application can make up mutually.
Before the further details of each embodiment that describes the application, a suitable counting system structure of the principle that can be used for realizing the application is described with reference to Fig. 1.In the following description, except as otherwise noted, otherwise each embodiment of the application is described with reference to the symbolic representation of the action of being carried out by one or more computers and operation.Thus, be appreciated that this class action and the operation that sometimes are called as the computer execution comprise that the processing unit of computer is to representing the manipulation of the signal of telecommunication of data with structured form.This manipulation transforms data or the position in the accumulator system of computer safeguard it, the operation of computer is reshuffled or changed to this mode of all understanding with those skilled in the art.The data structure of service data is the physical location of memory with defined particular community of form of data.Yet although describe the application in above-mentioned context, it does not also mean that restrictively, and as understood by those skilled in the art, the each side of hereinafter described action and operation also available hardware realizes.
Turn to accompanying drawing, wherein identical reference number refers to identical element, and the application's principle is shown in the suitable computing environment and realizes.Below describe the embodiment based on described the application, and should not think to limit the application about the alternative embodiment clearly do not described herein.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of an example computer architecture that can be used for these equipment.For purposes of illustration, the architecture of painting only is an example of proper environment, is not that the scope of application or function to the application proposes any limitation.This computing system should be interpreted as that arbitrary assembly shown in Figure 1 or its combination are had any dependence or demand yet.
The application's principle can or dispose with other universal or special calculating or communication environment and operate.The example that is applicable to the application's well-known computing system, environment and configuration includes but not limited to, personal computer, server, multicomputer system, the system based on little processing, minicomputer, mainframe computer and the distributed computing environment (DCE) that comprises arbitrary said system or equipment.
In its most basic configuration, the data transmission system 100 among Fig. 1 comprises at least: the server 102 of a website and one or more client 104.Server 102 can include but not limited to Micro-processor MCV or programmable logic device FPGA etc. processing unit, be used for storage data storage device and with the transmitting device of client communication; Client 104 can comprise: Micro-processor MCV, with the transmitting device of server communication, with the display unit of user interactions.In the present specification and claims, " system " also can be defined as can executive software, firmware or microcode come any nextport hardware component NextPort of practical function or the combination of nextport hardware component NextPort.Data transmission system 100 even can be distributed is to realize distributed function.
As used in this application, term " module ", " assembly " or " unit " can refer to software object or the routine in data transmission system 100 execution.Different assembly described herein, module, unit, engine and service can be implemented as object or the process of carrying out (for example, as independent thread) in data transmission system 100.Although system and method described herein realizes with software that preferably the realization of the combination of hardware or software and hardware also may and be conceived.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 2 is a kind of preferred structure schematic diagram according to the data transmission system of the embodiment of the present application, and is preferred, and the device in the present embodiment is positioned on the server 102 or on the client 104.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 2 data transmission system 200 comprises: the first client 202, the second client 204, registrar 206, a NAT (Network Address Translation) equipment 208 and the second NAT device 210.Wherein, the first client 202 comprises: the first acquiring unit 2022 is used for being connected public network IP address and the port numbers of the second NAT device 208 of being connected with the second client 204 with port numbers by the private network IP address that registrar obtains the second client; Customer end A is obtained private network IP address and the port numbers of the customer end B that will communicate with it from registrar, and public network IP address and the port numbers of the NAT device that connects with customer end B, is used for the communication docking of follow-up building tunnel.
The first encapsulation unit 2024, be used for the first fire compartment wall that data envelope to be sent is dressed up the first client 202 is allowed the packet that transmits, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and second NAT device 210 of the second client 204 in the packet after the encapsulation;
Being consistent with the safety regulation strategy of fire compartment wall is the basis that communicates, data are encapsulated (the safe restrictive rule of most of fire compartment wall is all more consistent) according to the restrictive rule that fire compartment wall sends data, for example, fire compartment wall only allows to send the data that satisfy the http protocol form by port 80, therefore needing that the packet of all transmissions is arranged requirement according to the safety of fire compartment wall encapsulates, after sending to the recipient by fire compartment wall, the first NAT device 208 and the second NAT device 210, convert back original data by the recipient.Preferably, the private network IP address of the customer end B obtained from registrar of customer end A for example is connected with port numbers that the customer end B private network IP address is connected with port numbers: 127.0.0.1 with are connected) and the public network IP address of the NAT device that connects with customer end B for example be connected with port numbers the NAT device that connects with customer end B public network address and port numbers be respectively: 10.0.0.95 and 1NNA) and data encapsulate according to the desired data packet format of http protocol together.
The first transmitting element 2026, the packet after being used for encapsulating is sent to the second client 204 by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device 208 that is connected with the first client 202 and the second NAT device 210.
The data that customer end A sends are successively by fire compartment wall, the NAT device that is connected with customer end A, the NAT device that is connected with customer end B and the fire compartment wall in the customer end B in the customer end A, and then be sent to customer end B, these data all have been encapsulated as can be by the data of fire compartment wall, thus can between between customer end A and B, transmit.
The address that communicates both sides and the mapping relations between the port have been preserved in the transfer server because only have in the prior art, the receiving-transmitting sides of data does not also know that the other side carries out the port numbers of data communication, therefore need to carry out by transfer server the forwarding of data, in the present embodiment, it is (preferred to carry out address and port numbers that the both sides of data communication can communicate self first, comprise: the private network IP address of client is connected public network IP address and the port numbers of the NAT device that is connected with client with port numbers) be registered to transfer server, communicating pair can arrive address and the port numbers of obtaining the other side on the transfer server simultaneously, after the address that gets access to the other side and port numbers, communicating pair only needs to shake hands by transfer server, shake hands by after, receiving-transmitting sides just can carry out direct transferring of data, no longer need to be undertaken by transfer server the forwarding of data, thereby avoided when a large number of users carries out the data transmission simultaneously, because the handling capacity of transfer server itself and the transmission delay that bandwidth ability causes the final data bag, even some data can't correctly be delivered to the technical problem of opposite end, improve the efficient of transfer of data.
In preferred implementation of the application, data communication generally is the connection of setting up between communicating pair, and is preferred in order to realize both sides' communication, the second client also should be as the first client the required information of obtaining communication.Wherein, the second client 204 comprises: second acquisition unit 2042 is used for being connected public network IP address and the port numbers of the second NAT device 208 of being connected with the second client 204 with port numbers by the private network IP address that registrar obtains the second client;
The second encapsulation unit 2044, be used for that outgoing data is sealed the first fire compartment wall of dressing up the second client 204 and allow the packet that transmits, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and first NAT device 208 of the first client 202 in the packet after the encapsulation;
The second transmitting element 2046, the packet after being used for encapsulating is sent to the first client 202 by the first fire compartment wall, the second NAT device 210 that is connected with the second client 204 and the first NAT device 208.By the way, realized the transfer of data of communicating pair.
In preferred implementation of the application, the first client 202 also comprises: first sets up unit 2028 is used for setting up the first reception tunnel and the first transmission tunnel between the first client 202 and registrar 206;
The second client 204 also comprises: second sets up unit 2048 sets up the second reception tunnel and the second transmission tunnel between the second client 204 and registrar 206; The first client 202 and the second client 204 by first receive tunnel, first send the tunnel and be connected receive the tunnel be connected the private network IP address that sends mutual the second client 204 in tunnel be connected with port numbers the private network IP address of the public network IP address of the second NAT device 210 of being connected with the second client 204 and port numbers, the first client 202 and port numbers and with public network IP address and the port numbers of the first NAT device 208.After obtaining both sides' port information from registrar, need between client and registrar, set up for realizing shaking hands of communicating pair after the tunnel that receives and send.Registrar be in the public network one have the fixedly equipment of public network IP, be responsible for to receive the various data from main frame in the various Symmetric NAT equipment Small-scale LANs.Then be routed to the recipient of appointment according to session, registrar has been got through on the Internet communication of two computers in private network separately in the centre.
In preferred implementation of the application, as shown in Figure 3, the first transmitting element 2026 comprises: first informs module 302, be used for the first client 202 and inform homing sequence, length and the end sequence of the packet after the encapsulation by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device 208 and the second NAT device 210, wherein, the packet after the encapsulation is the data sequence that is comprised of a plurality of data;
Preferably, the data in the packet can comprise: logical frame and Frame.
Wherein, comprise the version, logical type, mark value etc. of agreement in the logical frame to the descriptor of agreement, logical type is exactly a kind of extendible logical order: for example, 0x1 (homing sequence) is used for the expression data to begin; 0x2 (synchronizing sequence) is used for the size of notice transmit leg Chunk; 0x3 (end sequence) is used to indicate the end of data.Comprise marker bit, data length and data byte in the Frame.Wherein, can represent the expansion reservation with Flag.Data length represents the size of the packet of this transmission.Preferably, can adopt HTTP Chunked form the transmission of data, this coding method has several advantages: 1) do not need to determine the size of transferring content, 2) maximum time of not needing to formulate connection closed, this just allows the data of HTTP send from short having extended on demand and controls.The repeatedly request or the Keep-Alive that have solved by HTTP simulate a plurality of packets that realize to send based on a long connection, and cause when transmitting time is longer, data volume is larger, need to carry out repeatedly the problem that reconnects of HTTP.
The first sending module 304 is used for Packet Generation after the first client 202 continues encapsulates by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device 208 and the second NAT device 210 to the second client 204, until the data after the encapsulation comprise the transmission end.
The second transmitting element 2046 comprises: second informs module 306, be used for the second client 204 and inform homing sequence, length and the end sequence of the packet after the encapsulation by the first fire compartment wall, the second NAT device 210 and the first NAT device 208, wherein, the packet after the encapsulation is the data sequence that is comprised of a plurality of data; The second sending module 308 is used for Packet Generation after the second client 204 continues encapsulates by the second fire compartment wall, the second NAT device 210 and the first NAT device 208 to the first client 202, until the data after the encapsulation comprise the transmission end.
In the prior art, the packet after registrar also needs to be responsible for pretending unpacks processing, and according to recipient's network condition, judges whether packet is pretended to send to the recipient again.Yet, by the middle rotating function in registrar carrying both sides message, the pressure of server is larger comparatively speaking, when a large number of users occurring and send data by this tunnel simultaneously, a large amount of delays that message will cause the final data bag owing to handling capacity and the bandwidth ability of registrar itself, affect the user and experience, even some message can't correctly be delivered to the opposite end.
Therefore, in this application, registrar only carries out building tunnel, thereby realize the communication handshake between customer end A and the customer end B, for the transmission of final data, registrar does not carry out transfer, by the way, the required flow of registrar is very little, and can not change to some extent because of the data length of subsequent transmission data.Further, the data that do not disconnect after receiving a packet between customer end A and the customer end B connect, but the tunnel that recycling is set up, until no longer need mutual data transmission between customer end A and the customer end B.
Embodiment 2
On the basis of the data transmission system of Fig. 1-shown in Figure 3, the application provides a kind of preferred data transmission method.As shown in Figure 4, this data transmission method can comprise the steps:
S402: the first client obtains the second client by registrar private network IP address is connected public network IP address and the port numbers of the second NAT device of being connected with the second client with port numbers;
Preferably, the customer end A private network IP address that obtains customer end B from registrar for example is connected with port numbers that the customer end B private network IP address is connected with port numbers: 127.0.0.1 with are connected) and the public network IP address of the NAT device that connects with customer end B for example be connected with port numbers the NAT device that connects with customer end B public network address and port numbers be respectively: 10.0.0.95 and 1NNA).
S404: the first client is sealed outgoing data and is dressed up the first fire compartment wall in the first client and allow the packet that transmits, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and second NAT device of the second client in the packet after the encapsulation;
Being consistent with the safety regulation strategy of fire compartment wall is the basis that communicates, data are encapsulated (the safe restrictive rule of most of fire compartment wall is all more consistent) according to the restrictive rule that fire compartment wall sends data, for example, fire compartment wall only allows to send the data that satisfy the http protocol form by port 80, therefore needing that the packet of all transmissions is arranged requirement according to the safety of fire compartment wall encapsulates, after sending to the recipient by fire compartment wall, the first NAT device 208 and the second NAT device 210, convert back original data by the recipient.Preferably, the private network IP address of the customer end B obtained from registrar of customer end A for example is connected with port numbers that the customer end B private network IP address is connected with port numbers: 127.0.0.1 with are connected) and the public network IP address of the NAT device that connects with customer end B for example be connected with port numbers the NAT device that connects with customer end B public network address and port numbers be respectively: 10.0.0.95 and 1NNA) and data encapsulate according to the desired data packet format of http protocol together.
S406: the packet after the first client will encapsulate is sent to the second client by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device that is connected with the first client and the second NAT device.
The data that customer end A sends are successively by fire compartment wall, the NAT device that is connected with customer end A, the NAT device that is connected with customer end B and the fire compartment wall in the customer end B in the customer end A, and then be sent to customer end B, these data all have been encapsulated as can be by the data of fire compartment wall, and data can be transmitted between customer end A and B.
The address that communicates both sides and the mapping relations between the port have been preserved in the transfer server because only have in the prior art, the receiving-transmitting sides of data does not also know that the other side carries out the port numbers of data communication, therefore need to carry out by transfer server the forwarding of data, in the present embodiment, it is (preferred to carry out address and port numbers that the both sides of data communication can communicate self first, comprise: the private network IP address of client is connected public network IP address and the port numbers of the NAT device that is connected with client with port numbers) be registered to transfer server, communicating pair can arrive address and the port numbers of obtaining the other side on the transfer server simultaneously, after the address that gets access to the other side and port numbers, communicating pair only needs to shake hands by transfer server, shake hands by after, receiving-transmitting sides just can carry out direct transferring of data, no longer need to be undertaken by transfer server the forwarding of data, thereby avoided when a large number of users carries out the data transmission simultaneously, because the handling capacity of transfer server itself and the transmission delay that bandwidth ability causes the final data bag, even some data can't correctly be delivered to the technical problem of opposite end, improve the efficient of transfer of data.
In preferred implementation of the application, data communication generally is the connection of setting up between communicating pair, and is preferred in order to realize both sides' communication, the second client also should be as the first client the required information of obtaining communication.When the private network IP address that therefore obtains the second client by registrar in the first client is connected the public network IP address of the second NAT device of being connected with the second client and port numbers with port numbers: the second client by registrar obtain the private network IP address of the first client and port numbers and with public network IP address and the port numbers of the first NAT device; The second client is sealed outgoing data and is dressed up the second fire compartment wall in the second client and allow the packet that transmits, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and first NAT device of the first client in the packet after the encapsulation; Packet after the second client will encapsulate is sent to the first client by the second fire compartment wall, the second NAT device and the first NAT device.By the way, realized the transfer of data of communicating pair.
In preferred implementation of the application, the first client obtains the second client by registrar private network IP address be connected with port numbers the public network IP address of the second NAT device of being connected with the second client and port numbers, the second client by registrar obtain the private network IP address of the first client and port numbers and with the step of the public network IP address of the first NAT device and port numbers as shown in Figure 5, comprising:
S502: between the first client and registrar, set up first and receive tunnel and the first transmission tunnel;
After obtaining both sides' port information from registrar, need between client and registrar, set up for realizing shaking hands of communicating pair after the tunnel that receives and send.
S504: between the second client and registrar, set up second and receive tunnel and the second transmission tunnel; Equally, registrar is also set up such transmitting-receiving tunnel between customer end B.
S506: the first client and the second client by first receive tunnel, first send the tunnel and be connected receive the tunnel be connected the private network IP address that sends mutual the second client in tunnel be connected with port numbers the private network IP address of the public network IP address of the second NAT device of being connected with the second client and port numbers, the first client and port numbers and with public network IP address and the port numbers of the first NAT device.
Registrar be in the public network one have the fixedly equipment of public network IP, be responsible for to receive the various data from main frame in the various Symmetric NAT equipment Small-scale LANs.Then be routed to the recipient of appointment according to session, registrar has been got through on the Internet communication of two computers in private network separately in the centre.
In preferred implementation of the application, the step that the packet after the first client will encapsulate is sent to the second client by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device that is connected with the first client and the second NAT device comprises as shown in Figure 6:
S602: the first client is informed homing sequence, length and the end sequence of the packet after the encapsulation by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device and the second NAT device, and wherein, the packet after the encapsulation is the data sequence that is comprised of a plurality of data;
Preferably, the data in the packet can comprise: logical frame and Frame.
Wherein, comprise the version, logical type, mark value etc. of agreement in the logical frame to the descriptor of agreement, logical type is exactly a kind of extendible logical order: for example, 0x1 (homing sequence) is used for the expression data to begin; 0x2 (synchronizing sequence) is used for the size of notice transmit leg Chunk; 0x3 (end sequence) is used to indicate the end of data.Comprise marker bit, data length and data byte in the Frame.Wherein, can represent the expansion reservation with Flag.Data length represents the size of the packet of this transmission.Preferably, can adopt HTTP Chunked form the transmission of data, this coding method has several advantages: the size that 1) does not need to determine transferring content; 2) do not need to formulate maximum time of connection closed, this just allows the data of HTTP send from short having extended on demand and controls.The repeatedly request or the Keep-Alive that have solved by HTTP by above-mentioned coded system simulate a plurality of packets of realizing sending based on a long connection, and cause when transmitting time is longer, data volume is larger, need to carry out repeatedly the problem that reconnects of HTTP.
S604: the Packet Generation after the first client continues to encapsulate by the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device and the second NAT device finishes until the data after the encapsulation comprise sending to the second client.
In the prior art, the packet after registrar also needs to be responsible for pretending unpacks processing, and according to recipient's network condition, judges whether packet is pretended to send to the recipient again.Yet, by the middle rotating function in registrar carrying both sides message, the pressure of server is larger comparatively speaking, when a large number of users occurring and send data by this tunnel simultaneously, a large amount of delays that message will cause the final data bag owing to handling capacity and the bandwidth ability of registrar itself, affect the user and experience, even some message can't correctly be delivered to the opposite end.
Therefore, in this application, registrar only carries out building tunnel, thereby realize the communication handshake between customer end A and the customer end B, for the transmission of final data, registrar does not carry out transfer, by the way, the required flow of registrar is very little, and can not change to some extent because of the data length of subsequent transmission data.Further, the data that do not disconnect after receiving a packet between customer end A and the customer end B connect, but the tunnel that recycling is set up, until no longer need mutual data transmission between customer end A and the customer end B.
Embodiment 3
The application provides a kind of preferred embodiment to come further the application to be made an explanation, but it should be noted that the preferred embodiment just limits the application improperly in order better to describe the application, not consist of.
The below describes as example take the communication of carrying out between 2 clients between process P1 and the P2, and 2 terminals have respectively two process: P1, PT and P2, P2T.Suppose P1, P2 is the program process of client, PT, P2T is in order to realize the application's transmitting device, by local interconnection technique data are pushed to current this special process from a process, come the safety of complete independently information under firewall security restriction to send by this special process, the application program that sends data for needs only need to be crossed data communication device and local the connection data are sent to special processing get final product.
Describe as an example of following scene example: the video data information that P1 need to collect it sends to P2.Owing to all there is fire compartment wall between P1 and the P2 in this locality, so P1 and P2 directly do not send separately information, but finish by special process PT and P2T.PT and P2T are the processes of two equities, and data between the two communicate according to predetermined coded system, are used for acting on behalf of the data communication between other processes.
Because P1 and PT are two different processes on the same computer, therefore can adopt the local communication mode to carry out free communication between the two, for example: 127.0.0.1.The data of communication are what not need through network between the two, only are the exchanges data between process.
Set up 2 connections between PT (P2T) and the registrar: a connection is used for Holing, and one is used for sending control information to the other side by registrar.
Based on the above-mentioned network architecture, P1, P2 can sending and receiving from the other side's data.Before the communication of carrying out both sides, need to carry out initialization and establishment of connection, below will describe initialized process in detail and be connected the process of setting up.
At first carry out initialization between PT and the P2T and (individual important prerequisite is arranged before the initialization, need to set the port mapping rule at NAT device: for the source address of 80 ports, only change IP, not conversion port), need to enable a new port (port numbers of supposing the port that this is new here is 10000) in these two processes, this port is used for the communication docking between realization PT and P1 and P2 and the P2T.
Initialization PT is connected long-range connection with the P2T process, at first communicating pair all adopts Comet technology and HTTP REG Server to connect, and is preferred, sets up 2 connections, one is used for Holing (CON_DA), one is used for control information transmission (CON_META), sends the link information of CON_DA by CON_META, wherein, need to comprise the IP of receiving-transmitting sides in the link information, session id, preferred, this session id is the application ID of application program.Preferably, the IP address of NAT device can be obtained from the TCP head of HTTP message, thereby finishes PT, the initialization of P2T process.
P1, the P2 process initialization, P1 need to send the data to P2.Owing to the network reason, can't can't directly send the data to P2 by P1.Therefore, P1 sends to PT with the data of TCP or UDP first, and PT determines that P1 plans to be connected to P2 after receiving the data that P1 sends over, preferred, carries recipient's purpose IP in the data that P1 sends to PT.
PT initiates the HTTP request to HTTP REG server, is used for obtaining the address information of P2, namely the information registered at registrar of P2T.
PT begins to set up the tunnel that both sides communicate after the address information that obtains P2T.
The process of the foundation in tunnel mainly comprises two steps,
1) set up HTTP and receive the tunnel:
The breath tunnel of collecting mail is set up in PT notice (CON_META) registrar (REG server) request, and wherein, this collection of letters breath building tunnel is monitored 80 ports in the PT process, and this moment, the port of NAT device remained 80, and the transmit leg of information is P2T.The message that the REG server will be set up the breath tunnel of collecting mail sends to the P2T process, and P2T knows that from registrar recipient's the port of collection of letters breath is at 80 ports.
The P2T process is returned the port numbers 1NNA after a port one NN who is prepared for setting up the tunnel and 1NN change through NAT after receiving the building tunnel message that HTTP REG server sends.The 1NN port numbers that P2T returns is transmitted to the PT process through registrar.Arrive this, PT and P2T process determine respectively will (80,1NNA) set up between these two ports.
The PT process is initiated TCP and is connected, TCP is connected to the 1NNA port of the NAT device of P2T process, and local bundling port is 80 ports, PT sends SYN and wraps the P2T process, and the process of this time TCP connection may be failed, and PT binds listening port 80 at once after the failure, process P2T connects the PT process that sends to TCP, TCP is connected to 80 ports of the NAT device of PT process, after in the receiving-transmitting sides TCP connection, has also just finished the foundation in tunnel.
2) set up HTTP and send the tunnel:
Send the process of setting up in tunnel and the similar process of setting up that HTTP receives the tunnel, just transmit leg and recipient transposing is come, and does not repeat them here.
After building tunnel has been finished, receiving-transmitting sides namely carries out the sending and receiving of data, in order to realize the transfer of data of receiving-transmitting sides, can define corresponding to the data exchange agreement to data transmission method, preferably, the data in the agreement are divided into: logical frame and Frame.
Wherein, comprise the version, logical type, mark value etc. of agreement in the logical frame to the descriptor of agreement, logical type is exactly a kind of extendible logical order: for example, 0x1 (homing sequence) is used for the expression data to begin; 0x2 (synchronizing sequence) is used for the size of notice transmit leg Chunk; 0x3 (end sequence) is used to indicate the end of data.
Comprise marker bit, data length and data byte in the Frame.Wherein, can represent the expansion reservation with Flag.Data length represents the size of the packet of this transmission.Preferably, adopt HTTP Chunked form the transmission of data, this coding method has several advantages: the size that 1) does not need to determine transferring content; 2) do not need to formulate maximum time of connection closed, this just allows the data of HTTP send from short having extended on demand and controls.By above-mentioned coding method, the repeatedly request or the Keep-Alive that have solved by HTTP simulate a plurality of packets of realizing sending based on a long connection, and cause when transmitting time is longer, data volume is larger, need to carry out repeatedly the problem that reconnects of HTTP.
Above-mentioned data format joins in the HTTP Chunked response after being encoded by Base64.When data are sent completely, do not adopt the method for original HTTP Chunked end-of-packet, preferably, can send the data of specific data format, the recipient is after receiving the data of this specific data format, just can judge that message transmits and finish, but receiving-transmitting sides did not disconnect HTTP and connected this moment.By said method, under the prerequisite that does not change original http protocol, can reuse again the communication channel of foundation, until not needing to send any data, both sides just do not disconnect this HTTP connection.
By above description as can be known, the application has following advantage:
1) in this application, after having realized that computer equipment is direct interconnected, the transmission of information just no longer needs transfer server (that is, registrar) that data are transmitted, but directly sends to the recipient of data, does not have converting flow.Certainly in the process that NAT penetrates, need intermediate server that the recommendation handshake service is provided.The required flow of this operation is very little, and can not change to some extent because of the data length of subsequent transmission data.
2) adopt HTTP CHUNK as the transport layer of data interaction, can be when satisfying firewall security verification constraint, need not clearly formulate the size of data, thereby realized large data transfer, because any independent data transmission repeatedly can be merged into large data and transmit, therefore adopt this mode to avoid each transmission all to need to rebuild the drawback of connection, the speed of transfer of data is faster.
Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that, each module of above-mentioned the application or each step can realize with general calculation element, they can concentrate on the single calculation element, perhaps be distributed on the network that a plurality of calculation elements form, alternatively, they can be realized with the executable program code of calculation element, thereby, they can be stored in the storage device and be carried out by calculation element, and in some cases, can carry out step shown or that describe with the order that is different from herein, perhaps they are made into respectively each integrated circuit modules, perhaps a plurality of modules in them or step are made into the single integrated circuit module and realize.Like this, the application is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.
The above is the application's preferred embodiment only, is not limited to the application, and for a person skilled in the art, the application can have various modifications and variations.All within the application's spirit and principle, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the application's the protection range.
Claims (10)
1. a data transmission method is characterized in that, comprising:
The first client obtains the second client by registrar private network IP address is connected public network IP address and the port numbers of the second NAT device of being connected with described the second client with port numbers;
Described the first client is sealed outgoing data and is dressed up the first fire compartment wall in described the first client and allow the packet that transmits, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and described second NAT device of described the second client in the packet after the described encapsulation;
Packet after described the first client will encapsulate is sent to described the second client by described the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device that is connected with described the first client and described the second NAT device.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the private network IP address that obtains the second client by registrar in the first client is connected the public network IP address of the second NAT device of being connected with described the second client and port numbers with port numbers, also comprise:
Described the second client by described registrar obtain the private network IP address of described the first client and port numbers and with public network IP address and the port numbers of described the first NAT device;
Described the second client is sealed outgoing data and is dressed up the second fire compartment wall in described the second client and allow the packet that transmits, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and described first NAT device of described the first client in the packet after the described encapsulation;
Packet after described the second client will encapsulate is sent to described the first client by described the second fire compartment wall, described the second NAT device and described the first NAT device.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that described the first client obtains the second client by registrar private network IP address is connected the public network IP address of the second NAT device of being connected with described the second client and port numbers, described the second client and is obtained the private network IP address of described the first client and port numbers by described registrar and comprise with the public network IP address of described the first NAT device and the step of port numbers with port numbers:
Between described the first client and described registrar, set up first and receive tunnel and the first transmission tunnel;
Between described the second client and described registrar, set up second and receive tunnel and the second transmission tunnel;
Described the first client and described the second client by described first receive tunnel, described first send the tunnel and be connected second receive the tunnel be connected the second private network IP address that sends mutual the second client in tunnel be connected with port numbers the private network IP address of the public network IP address of the second NAT device of being connected with described the second client and port numbers, described the first client and port numbers and with public network IP address and the port numbers of described the first NAT device.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the packet after described the first client will encapsulate comprises by the step that described the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device that is connected with described the first client and described the second NAT device are sent to described the second client:
Described the first client is informed homing sequence, length and the end sequence of the packet after the described encapsulation by described the first fire compartment wall, described the first NAT device and described the second NAT device, wherein, the packet after the described encapsulation is the data sequence that is comprised of a plurality of data;
Described the first client continues the Packet Generation after the described encapsulation to described the second client, until the data after the described encapsulation comprise the transmission end by described the first fire compartment wall, described the first NAT device and described the second NAT device.
5. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the packet after described the second client will encapsulate comprises by the step that described the second fire compartment wall, described the second NAT device and described the first NAT device are sent to described the first client:
Described the second client is informed homing sequence, length and the end sequence of the packet after the described encapsulation by described the second fire compartment wall, described the second NAT device and described the first NAT device, wherein, the packet after the described encapsulation is the data sequence that is comprised of a plurality of data;
Described the second client continues the Packet Generation after the described encapsulation to described the first client, until the data after the described encapsulation comprise the transmission end by described the second fire compartment wall, described the second NAT device and described the first NAT device.
6. a client is characterized in that, comprising:
Acquiring unit is used for being connected public network IP address and the port numbers of the second NAT device of being connected with described another client with port numbers by the private network IP address that registrar obtains another client;
Encapsulation unit, be used for outgoing data sealed and dress up described client the first fire compartment wall and allow the packet that transmits, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and described second NAT device of described another client in the packet after the described encapsulation;
The first transmitting element, the packet after being used for encapsulating is sent to described another client by described the first fire compartment wall, the first NAT device that is connected with described client and described the second NAT device.
7. client according to claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises:
The second transmitting element is used for being connected public network IP address and the port numbers of described the first NAT device of being connected with described client with port numbers to the private network IP address that described registrar sends self;
Receiving element, be used for receiving the packet that described another client sends by described the second fire compartment wall, described the second NAT device and described the first NAT device, wherein, described packet is that described another client allows the packet encapsulation transmitted according to the second fire compartment wall in described another client, wherein, carry public network IP address and the port numbers of private network IP address and port numbers and described second NAT device of described another client in the packet after the described encapsulation.
8. client according to claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises:
Set up the unit, be used for and described registrar between set up first and receive tunnel and first and send the tunnel;
Interactive unit, be used for by described first receive tunnel, described first send tunnel and described another client alternately the private network IP address of described another client be connected with port numbers the private network IP address of the public network IP address of the second NAT device of being connected with described another client and port numbers, described client and port numbers and with public network IP address and the port numbers of described the first NAT device.
9. client according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described transmitting element comprises:
Inform module, be used for informing by described the first fire compartment wall, described the first NAT device and described the second NAT device homing sequence, length and the end sequence of the packet after the described encapsulation, wherein, the packet after the described encapsulation is the data sequence that is comprised of a plurality of data;
Sending module is used for continuing the Packet Generation after the described encapsulation to described another client, until the data after the described encapsulation comprise the transmission end by described the first fire compartment wall, described the first NAT device and described the second NAT device.
10. client according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described receiving element comprises:
Acquisition module, homing sequence, length and end sequence for the packet after the described encapsulation of obtaining described another client transmission by described the second fire compartment wall, described the second NAT device and described the first NAT device, wherein, the packet after the described encapsulation is the data sequence that is comprised of a plurality of data;
Receiver module is used for receiving described another client by the lasting packet after the described encapsulation of described client transmission of described the second fire compartment wall, described the second NAT device and described the first NAT device, finishes until the packet after the described encapsulation receives.
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