CN103378869A - Transceiver sharing multi-winding transformer - Google Patents
Transceiver sharing multi-winding transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN103378869A CN103378869A CN2012101239735A CN201210123973A CN103378869A CN 103378869 A CN103378869 A CN 103378869A CN 2012101239735 A CN2012101239735 A CN 2012101239735A CN 201210123973 A CN201210123973 A CN 201210123973A CN 103378869 A CN103378869 A CN 103378869A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transceiver sharing a multi-winding transformer. The transceiver sharing the multi-winding transformer comprises the multi-winding transformer, a power amplifier and a low-noise amplifier. The multi-winding transformer comprises a first winding, a second winding and a third winding. The first winding, the second winding and the third winding surround one another and are independent to one another. The power amplifier is coupled to the multi-winding transformer. The low-noise amplifier is coupled to the multi-winding transformer. When the transceiver is in the transmission mode, the multi-winding transformer is used for transforming a transmission signal from the power amplifier and transmitting the transmission signal through an antenna. When the transceiver is in the receiving mode, the multi-winding transformer is used for transforming a receiving signal from the antenna and outputting the receiving signal to the low-noise amplifier. According to the transceiver sharing the multi-winding transformer, the multi-winding transformer can be utilized for reducing the area and achieving good matching, therefore, the cost is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of transceiver, refer to especially share a wireless communication transceiver of a multi winding transformer.
Background technology
In the application of wireless telecommunications, three formants of system are transmitter, antenna, and receiver.Generally speaking, the wireless signal that transmits in air all belongs to monofocal signal (single-ended signal), and the difference channel of transmitter inside is to belong to differential type signal (differential signal), therefore the differential type signal that transmitter must be inner with it converts the monofocal signal to, can be sent in the air via antenna again; On the other hand, after the monofocal signal that receiver then must transmit antenna reception converted differential signal to first, the low noise amplifier (low noise amplifier, LNA) that can transfer in it used.The operation of this type of signal conversion is to realize by balance-unbalanced (balanced to unbalanced, balun) transformer, and transmission ends and each tool one transformer device of receiving terminal, will take quite large chip area if be implemented on the chip.
Along with the future development of integrated circuit science and technology toward system-on-a-chip (system on chip, SoC), integrated type transformer has replaced traditional separate type (discrete) transformer, and is widely used in the radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC).Yet, the passive component in the integrated circuit, for example the transformer of inductor or its composition often takies quite large chip area; Therefore, the area of the quantity of passive component and its use is important technical task always in the minimizing transceiver integrated circuit.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the present invention proposes the transceiver (transceiver) that one of a kind of purpose is to propose to share with the transmission end at receiving terminal an integrated form multi winding transformer, can successfully connect the low noise amplifier of receiving terminal and the power amplifier of transmission end thus, reach matched well, and significantly dwindle chip area and have good usefulness.
According to one embodiment of the invention, it provides a kind of transceiver, is formed on the ic substrate, and it comprises: a multi winding transformer, its comprise mutually around and independently one first winding, one second winding, and the tertiary winding; One power amplifier is coupled to this multi winding transformer; And a low noise amplifier, be coupled to this multi winding transformer transceiver; Wherein, when transfer mode, this multi winding transformer transmits signal in order to change from one of this power amplifier, and transmits by an antenna; And when receiving mode, this multi winding transformer receives signal in order to change from one of this antenna, and exports this low noise amplifier to.
According to one embodiment of the invention, it provides a kind of transceiver, and it comprises: a multi winding transformer, be formed on the ic substrate, its comprise mutually around and independently one first winding, one second winding, and the tertiary winding; One power amplifier is coupled to this multi winding transformer; And a low noise amplifier, be coupled to this multi winding transformer; Wherein, this multi winding transformer will be that a monofocal transmits signal from the differential type transmission signal transition of this power amplifier; It is that a differential type receives signal that this multi winding transformer receives signal transition with a monofocal, and exports this low noise amplifier to.
Transceiver of the present invention can utilize multi winding transformer to reduce area and reach matched well, and then reduces cost and improve usefulness.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of transceiver according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 A is the winding line layout according to this integrated transformer of present embodiment.
Fig. 2 B is that embodiment according to Figure 1A is along the resulting sectional structure chart of A-A ' straight line.
Fig. 2 C is the configuration figure according to the first winding of Fig. 2 A embodiment.
Fig. 2 D is the configuration figure according to the second winding of Fig. 2 A embodiment.
Fig. 2 E is the configuration figure according to the tertiary winding of Fig. 2 A embodiment.
Fig. 3 is the transceiver circuit schematic diagram according to the first example of present embodiment, and wherein this low noise amplifier is the common-gird circuit structure.
Fig. 4 is the transceiver circuit schematic diagram according to the second example of present embodiment, and wherein this low noise amplifier is the common-source circuits structure.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is as follows:
100 transceivers
10 substrates/chip
20 sandwich constructions
201 ground floors
203 second layers
202 insulating barriers
110 multi winding transformers
112 first windings
Tap in 113 first
114 second windings
116 tertiary windings
Tap in 117 second
P
1 +/ P
2 +The anode connection terminal of transformer
P
1 -/ P
2 -The negative pole link of transformer
S
1 +/ S
2 +The anode connection terminal of transformer secondary output coil
S
1 -/ S
2 -The negative pole link of transformer secondary output coil
120 power amplifiers
V
DdDC power supply
130/131/132 low noise amplifier
V
bBias voltage
140 antennas
Embodiment
Describe in detail and feature of the present invention, purpose, function are described hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing, and reach employed technological means.
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of transceiver according to an embodiment of the invention.This transceiver 100 can be connected to an antenna 140, and the mode of operation of this transceiver 100 can switch between transmission and receiving mode.This transceiver 100 can be by integrated circuit technology integrated being formed on wafer or the substrate, it comprises a multi winding transformer 110, a power amplifier 120 and a low noise amplifier 130.This multi winding transformer 110 is for balance with a plurality of windings-unbalanced transformer, so that the formal transformation of the signal that used in the communication system to be provided.
Fig. 2 A is the winding line layout according to this multi winding transformer 110 of present embodiment, and Fig. 2 B is that embodiment according to Fig. 2 A is along the resulting sectional structure chart of A-A ' straight line.In the present embodiment, this multi winding transformer 110 is formed in the sandwich construction on the semiconductor substrate 10 in 20 the metal level, its comprise mutually around and independently one first winding 112, one second winding 114 and a tertiary winding 116, have the transformer of three windings with formation.Wherein first, second and third winding mutually around and form a multiple secondary winding.In another embodiment; this transformer 110 can comprise a guard ring (guard ring) 70 in addition; this guard ring 70 is preferably the guard ring of a stacking-type; the guard ring that is also namely formed by the multiple layer metal material; be formed in the sandwich construction 20 and substrate 10 of this multiple secondary winding periphery; in order to electromagnetic action or the isolation of noise with this transformer 110, and mutually electrical impact of reducing other inter-module outside described winding and this guard ring.
This first winding 112 is arranged in the ground floor 201 of this sandwich construction 20 basically.This first winding 112 can be coil (coil) structure of multi-turn (turn) number; With the configuration figure of this first winding 112 shown in Fig. 2 C, this first winding 112 can comprise multi-turn number and the first coil that twines mutually, two links, reach tap (center tap) 113 in one first.Between the circuit of this first coil, except bridging part intersected with each other, be parallel to each other basically.This first coil is at above-mentioned bridging part, the conductive coil of this part upper or lower floor toward this metal level can be adjusted or wire jumper in the mode of bridge joint, with keep these the first winding 112 coil tracks continuously, namely spatially be separated from each other between this first coil and do not form short circuit.In order to improve the closeness of coil pattern, can be similar spiral helicine mutual wound form line pattern between this first coil.This tap that tap 113 is pulled out for the coil central authorities place of this first winding 112 in first is for the use of differential type signal; This in first the direction of drawing of tap 113 can be that link with this first winding 112 forms suitable arbitrarily angled of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree or other, be convenient to connect outside circuit with shortest path; And in first tap 113 also can utilize the mode of wire jumper make its not with the other parts short circuit of bridging part or coil.
This second winding 114 also is basically to be arranged in this ground floor 201 of this sandwich construction, namely is arranged in same layer with this first winding 112.This second winding 114 can be the loop construction of multi-turn number; With the configuration figure of this second winding 114 shown in Fig. 2 D, the second coil and two links that this second winding 114 can comprise the multi-turn number and twine mutually.The configuration of this second winding 114 is similar to previous paragraphs for the description of this first winding 112, does not repeat them here.Wherein, the line pattern of this first winding 112 and this second winding 114 is essentially square or rectangle; But not as limit, also can be circular, octagon or other shape, be beneficial to mate, outlet or increase the application of space and chip area.
This first winding 112 is in fact to be arranged in the same layer metal level (this ground floor 201) with this second winding 114, to its objective is the electromagnetic coupled that forms horizontal side (lateral) direction between the two in order making, the operating function of transformer to be provided or to carry out the transition operation of signal with formation.Therefore, the line pattern of this first winding 112 and this second winding 114 spatially is disconnected from each other and is parallel to each other basically, but the coil number of this first coil can be different from the coil number of this second coil, to provide the coil number of suitable elementary (primary)/secondary (secondary) of transformer than (turn ratio) according to actual demand; And the coil number of this second winding 114 also can be more than the coil number of this first winding 112, and the top outer coil of this second winding 114 also can be in these the first winding 112 peripheries.In addition, in order to improve the efficient of electromagnetic coupled, can form the setting that refers to an alternating expression (inter-digital) between described first and second coil of present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, and help to form the most intensive coil pattern at minimum chip area.Wherein, cross-coupled part may occur with the line pattern of this second winding 114 in this first winding 112, also can by the mode of wire jumper, separate this first winding 112 and this second winding 114 as previously mentioned.
This tertiary winding 116 is arranged in this second layer 203 of this sandwich construction basically, namely be positioned at different metal levels from this first winding 112 and this second winding 114, and an insulating barrier 202 can be arranged between this ground floor and the second layer, spatially to separate this ground floor 201 and this second layer 203.This tertiary winding 116 can be the loop construction of multi-turn number; The configuration figure of this tertiary winding 116 shown in Fig. 2 E, this tertiary winding 116 can comprise multi-turn number and the tertiary coil that twines mutually, two links, reach tap 117 in one second.The configuration pattern of this tertiary winding 116 also is similar to previous paragraphs for the description of this first winding 112, does not repeat them here.The line pattern of this tertiary winding 116 can be same or different from the line pattern of this first winding 112, but these tertiary winding 116 links draw direction can with the link of the first winding 112 rotation one specific angle, so that the link of winding I/O connects other circuit with shortest path, and the parasitic element that can reduce transmission line is beneficial to the optimization of wiring.Shown in Fig. 2 A, the line pattern of this tertiary coil and this second coil is the electromagnetic coupled that forms vertical (vertical) direction in order to make between the two, forming another transformer, and can carry out the transformation of signal.The line pattern inverse clock 90-degree rotation that this tertiary winding 116 shown in Fig. 2 E is this first winding 112 shown in Fig. 2 C; But not as limit, also rotatable other suitable angle.The line pattern of this tertiary winding 116 and this first winding 112, spatially disconnected from each other, and except link, middle tap, and bridge joint or cross section, basically be parallel to each other, and the described the 3rd and First Line circle of present embodiment are up and down overlapping setting basically, as shown in Figure 1, but not as limit, a little mutually displacement or only for overlapping or the symmetrical circuit setting of non-central authorities also can be arranged between the two.This in second tap 117 are the taps of pulling out for the coil central authorities place of this tertiary winding 116, for the use of differential type signal, the arrangement of its direction position also can be to form suitable arbitrarily angled of 90 degree, 180 degree or other with the link of this tertiary winding 116.
Shown in Fig. 2 A and 2B, this second winding 114 and this tertiary winding 116 are overlooked the position that is projected on this substrate 10, and the top outer coil that is positioned at this first winding 112 is overlooked within the position that is projected on this substrate 10; That is to say that the layout of this first winding 112 can be around the layout of this second winding 114 and this tertiary winding 116; Also namely wherein there is the outmost turns coil of a winding can be around the coil of other two windings.In addition, in the profile of Fig. 2 B, this second layer 203 is the tops that are positioned at this ground floor 201; But not as limit, this second layer 203 also can be positioned at the below of this ground floor 201, also is the below that the tertiary winding 116 also can be positioned at the first winding 112.And the tertiary winding 116 also can utilize two-layer above metal be formed at the first winding 112 above or below.The first winding 112 and the second winding 114 also can utilize two-layer above metal to form.And in certain embodiments, the electromagnetic coupled between this first winding 112, this second winding 114 and this tertiary winding 116 can be vertical coupled or level coupling wholly or in part.
Therefore, Fig. 2 A is depicted as a transformer with three windings, and its equivalent circuit diagram can be painted formula in the dotted line frame of these multi winding transformer 110 squares of Fig. 1.This first winding 112, this second winding 114, and this tertiary winding 116 in layout for mutually around and independence.This first winding 112 and this second winding 114 form the first transformer by the electromagnetic coupled of horizontal side direction, and this first winding 112 is as the primary coil of this first transformer, and its anode connection terminal is P
1 +And the negative pole link is P
1 -, and this second winding 114 is as the secondary coil of this first transformer, and its anode connection terminal is S
1 +And the negative pole link is S
1 -Because this first winding 112 has this tap 113 in first, this first transformer can convert wireless telecommunication system to transmit monofocal signal at the differential type signal of the difference channel operation of transmitter inside in air.On the other hand, this second winding 114 and this tertiary winding 116 form the second transformer by the electromagnetic coupled of vertical direction, and also as the primary coil of this second transformer, its anode connection terminal is P to this second winding 114
2 +And the negative pole link is P
2 -, and this tertiary winding 116 is as the secondary coil of this second transformer, and its anode connection terminal is S
2 +And the negative pole link is S
2 -Wherein, this second winding 114 can be this first and second transformer and shares.Because this tertiary winding 116 has this tap 117 in second, this second transformer can convert the monofocal signal to the differential type signal; Thus, receiver can convert it to the differential type signal with this second transformer after receiving the monofocal signal that transmits from antenna, and transfers to low noise amplifier and use.That is to say that this multi winding transformer 110 can be realized the operation of balance-unbalanced transformer, with reception and the transmission that is applied to wireless communication signal.In addition, the direction of drawing of each transformer link can be spent or other suitable at any angle position arrangements with 180 degree, 90 degree, 45 by coil connecting terminal secondary with it, so that the link of winding I/O connects active circuits with shortest path, and the parasitic element that can reduce transmission line is beneficial to the optimization of wiring.
As shown in Figure 1, the primary coil of this first transformer connects this power amplifier 120, and next level connects this antenna 140; That is to say that two links of this first winding 112 are connected to this power amplifier 120, two links of this second winding 114 are connected to this antenna 140, and its negative pole link S
1 -Ground connection.In addition, a primary coil of this second transformer (being same as the secondary coil of this first transformer) connects this antenna 140, and next level connects this low noise amplifier 130; That is to say that two links of this second winding 114 are connected to this antenna 140, two links of this tertiary winding 116 are connected to this low noise amplifier 130.
In the present embodiment, because this first winding 112 and this second winding 114 are arranged in the same layer of sandwich construction, can carry out the electromagnetic coupled of horizontal side direction, to carry out the transformation of signal; And this first winding 112 has this, and tap 113 can be for this power amplifier 120 in first.On the other hand, this second winding 114 and this tertiary winding 116 are arranged in the different layers of sandwich construction, can carry out the electromagnetic coupled of vertical direction, to carry out the transformation of signal; And this tertiary winding 116 has this, and tap 117 can be for this low noise amplifier 130 in second.Therefore, this integrated transformer 110 for have two spatially independently in the balance-unbalanced transformer of tap.
The circuit operation of the wireless transceiver of present embodiment is below described.When this transceiver operations during in transmission mode, this multi winding transformer 110 is in order to changing the transmission signal from this power amplifier 120, and outwards sends by this antenna 140; For example, the first transformer that utilizes this first winding 112 and this second winding 114 to form changes this transmission signal.This first winding 112 is as the differential type coil of this first primary, this second winding 114 is as the monofocal coil of this first transformer secondary output, the differential type signal of this power amplifier 120 is converted to the monofocal signal via this first transformer, exports again this antenna 140 to and outwards send.On the other hand, when this transceiver operations during in receiving mode, this multi winding transformer 110 is also in order to changing the reception signal of accepting from this antenna 140, and exports this low noise amplifier 130 to; For example, the second transformer that utilizes this second winding 114 and this tertiary winding 116 to form changes this reception signal.This second winding 114 is as the monofocal coil of this second primary, this tertiary winding 116 is as the differential type coil of this second transformer secondary output, to be converted to the differential type signal via this second transformer from the monofocal signal of this antenna 140, to offer this low noise amplifier 130 as its input signal.In this structure, because being coupled to the winding coil of this power amplifier 120 and this low noise amplifier 130 spatially is separately independently, when designing both circuit layouts, can be respectively carry out optimization for the circuit characteristic of this power amplifier 120 and this low noise amplifier 130, and by the coil number ratio between each winding, convert respectively first the impedance of this antenna 140 to its optimum impedance for this first and second transformer.In addition, the live width of each winding also can be adjusted for noise figure (noise figure) and the power density of this power amplifier 120 of this low noise amplifier 130 respectively.
In the present embodiment, this low noise amplifier 130 can adopt the circuit structure of common gate (common gate) or common source (common source).Fig. 3 is the transceiver circuit schematic diagram according to the first example of present embodiment, and wherein this low noise amplifier 131 is the circuit structure of common gate.This DC that tap 113 is connected to this power amplifier 120 in first is answered power supply V
DdWherein, V
DdVoltage range need use on power amplifier and decide, and this in second tap 117 be connected to ground connection, so that the current earthing path of this low noise amplifier 131 to be provided, can to improve existing balance-unbalanced transformer and can't connect the shortcoming of the low noise amplifier of common gate configuration.Because the low noise amplifier of common gate configuration has the characteristic of Broadband Matching (broadband matching), this kind structure need to additionally not add on printed circuit board (PCB) and be conducive to the reduction of manufacturing cost by matching component.
On the other hand, Fig. 4 is the transceiver circuit schematic diagram according to the second example of present embodiment, and wherein this low noise amplifier 132 is the circuit structure of common source, and to have a bias voltage be V
bInput transistors, voltage V
bBe connected to the input crystal tube grid by this multi winding transformer 100, to determine its bias voltage, its voltage range is decided on demand or the application of amplifier circuit in low noise.This DC that tap 113 is connected to this power amplifier 120 in first is answered power supply V
Dd, and this in second tap 117 be connected to this bias voltage V of this low noise amplifier 132
bThus, two ac coupling capacitors (AC coupling capacitor) be can save at least, thereby chip manufacturing area and the cost of assembly saved.
In the present embodiment, owing to be connected to the different metal layer that this power amplifier 120 and the winding coil of this low noise amplifier 130 are arranged in sandwich construction as this integrated transformer 110 of balance-unbalanced transformer, so on integrated circuit layout, the link port of described winding coil I/O can be designed to the different directions of drawing, for example, such as the link of this tertiary winding 116 of this integrated transformer 110 of Fig. 1 and this first winding 112 or this second winding 114 mutual angle 90 degree or vertical spatially; Thus, the cabling that is connected to this power amplifier 120 and this low noise amplifier 130/131/132 will can not intersect, and be conducive to the optimization of integrated circuit layout.
In addition, in the transceiver of another embodiment, also can be that this multi winding transformer 110 forms separately a brilliant transformer that carries formula (on-chip), and be formed on the ic substrate.130 assemblies that are respectively discrete type (discrete) of this power amplifier 120 and this low noise amplifier, and on circuit board, be assembled into the transceiver that has such as above-mentioned embodiment function together with this transformer 110.See also the description of previous embodiment about this transformer 110, this power amplifier 120 and this low noise amplifier 130, do not repeat them here.
According to the above embodiments and explanation, transceiver of the present invention can utilize multi winding transformer to reduce area and reach matched well, and then reduces cost and improve usefulness.But the above person only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, when can not be in order to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. a transceiver is formed on the ic substrate, it is characterized in that it comprises:
One multi winding transformer, its comprise mutually around and independently one first winding, one second winding, and the tertiary winding;
One power amplifier is coupled to this multi winding transformer; And
One low noise amplifier is coupled to this multi winding transformer;
Wherein, when transfer mode, this multi winding transformer transmits signal in order to change from one of this power amplifier, and transmits by an antenna; And when receiving mode, this multi winding transformer receives signal in order to change from one of this antenna, and exports this low noise amplifier to.
2. transceiver as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this multi winding transformer utilizes this first and second winding to change this transmission signal, and utilizes this second and third winding to change this reception signal.
3. transceiver as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this first and second winding utilizes side-coupled this transmission signal that changes.
4. transceiver as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, this second and third winding utilizes vertical coupled this reception signal that changes.
5. transceiver as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it is a monofocal signal with this transmission signal by a differential type signal transition that this multi winding transformer utilizes this first and second winding, to transmit by this antenna.
6. transceiver as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, this multi winding transformer utilizes this second and third winding to convert this reception signal to a differential type signal by a monofocal signal, and exports this low noise amplifier to.
7. transceiver as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this first and the tertiary winding in have respectively tap in.
8. transceiver as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, at the layout of this multi winding transformer, a winding in this first, second and third winding centers on two other winding in this first, second and third winding.
9. a transceiver is characterized in that, comprising:
One multi winding transformer is formed on the ic substrate, its comprise mutually around and independently one first winding, one second winding, and the tertiary winding;
One power amplifier is coupled to this multi winding transformer; And
One low noise amplifier is coupled to this multi winding transformer;
Wherein, this multi winding transformer will be that a monofocal transmits signal from the differential type transmission signal transition of this power amplifier; It is that a differential type receives signal that this multi winding transformer receives signal transition with a monofocal, and exports this low noise amplifier to.
10. transceiver as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, this multi winding transformer utilizes this first and second winding to change this transmission signal, and utilizes this second and third winding to be used to change this reception signal.
11. transceiver as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, this first and second winding is formed in the identical metal level.
12. transceiver as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, this second winding is formed in the different metal levels from this tertiary winding.
13. transceiver as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, this first and the tertiary winding in have respectively tap in.
14. transceiver as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, this second and third winding is overlooked the top outer coil that the position that is projected to this substrate is positioned at this first winding and is overlooked within the position that is projected to this substrate.
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CN104079317A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-01 | 无锡中星微电子有限公司 | Wireless duplexing transceiver |
CN108702169A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-10-23 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | System and method for two-way wireless communication |
WO2019085425A1 (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-09 | Shenzhen GOODIX Technology Co., Ltd. | System and method for bi-directional radio communication |
CN112290968A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2021-01-29 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Transceiver module |
CN113906685A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-01-07 | 德州仪器公司 | Transmit-receive port for half-duplex transceiver |
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CN104079317A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-01 | 无锡中星微电子有限公司 | Wireless duplexing transceiver |
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CN113906685A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2022-01-07 | 德州仪器公司 | Transmit-receive port for half-duplex transceiver |
US12062841B2 (en) | 2019-05-31 | 2024-08-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Transmit-receive port for half-duplex transceivers |
CN112290968A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2021-01-29 | 株式会社村田制作所 | Transceiver module |
US11437964B2 (en) | 2019-07-12 | 2022-09-06 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Transceiver module |
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