CN103377809A - On-chip multi-winding transformer - Google Patents
On-chip multi-winding transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN103377809A CN103377809A CN2012101247125A CN201210124712A CN103377809A CN 103377809 A CN103377809 A CN 103377809A CN 2012101247125 A CN2012101247125 A CN 2012101247125A CN 201210124712 A CN201210124712 A CN 201210124712A CN 103377809 A CN103377809 A CN 103377809A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an on-chip multi-winding transformer which is formed on an integrated circuit board. The on-chip multi-winding transformer comprises a multi-winding structure and a protection ring. The multi-winding structure at least comprises a first winding, a second winding and a third winding which are mutually discrete in space. The protection ring is formed on the periphery of the multi-winding structure. The first winding and the second winding serve as a first transformer body, and the second winding and the third winding serve as a second transformer body. According to the on-chip multi-winding transformer, more than three windings (more than two transformer bodies) can be integrated as a single element, so that the area is reduced, the multi-winding transformer is well matched, and the cost is further reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is carried formula (on-chip) transformer about a kind of crystalline substance, refer to especially a kind of have three windings above and crystalline substance carry the formula multi winding transformer.
Background technology
In the application of radio communication, three formants of system are transmitter, antenna, and receiver.Generally speaking, the wireless signal that transmits in air all belongs to monofocal signal (single-ended signal), and the difference channel of transmitter inside is to belong to differential type signal (differential signal), therefore the differential type signal that transmitter must be inner with it converts the monofocal signal to, can be sent in the air via antenna again; On the other hand, after the monofocal signal that receiver then must transmit antenna reception converted differential signal to first, the low noise amplifier (low noise amplifier, LNA) that can transfer in it used.The operation of this type of signal conversion is to realize by balance-unbalanced (balanced to unbalanced, balun) transformer, and transmission ends and each tool one transformer element of receiving terminal, will take quite large chip area if be implemented on the chip.
Along with the future development of integrated circuit science and technology toward system-on-a-chip (system on chip, SoC), the integrated electric sense transformer has replaced traditional separate type (discrete) transformer, and is widely used in the radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC).Yet, the passive component in the integrated circuit, for example the transformer of inductor or its composition often takies large chip area; Therefore, how its simplifying of quantity and area are minimized, can also keep good element characteristic simultaneously, such as quality factor, coupling coefficient or coupling etc. becomes the important key that reduces chip cost.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, one of purpose of the present invention is that the crystalline substance that proposes a kind of many windings carries the formula transformer, a plurality of transformers can be integrated into an integrated form element, significantly to reduce the shared chip layout area of transformer or inductor.
According to one embodiment of the invention, it provides a kind of multi winding transformer, is formed on the ic substrate, and it comprises: a multiple secondary winding, and it comprises one first winding that is separated from each other on the space, one second winding, and the tertiary winding at least; And a guard ring, it is peripheral to be formed at this multiple secondary winding; Wherein, this first winding and this second winding are as one first transformer, and this second winding and this tertiary winding are as one second transformer.
According to one embodiment of the invention, it provides a kind of multi winding transformer, is formed on the ic substrate, and it comprises: one first winding; One second winding; An and tertiary winding; Wherein, this first, second and third winding is successively around but independent, and this first winding and this second winding are as one first transformer, and this second winding and this tertiary winding are as one second transformer.
According to one embodiment of the invention, it provides a kind of multi winding transformer, is formed on the ic substrate, and it comprises: one first winding; One second winding; An and tertiary winding; Wherein, this first, second and third winding is successively around but independent, and this second and third winding is overlooked the top outer coil that the position that is projected to substrate is positioned at this first winding and overlooked within the position that is projected to substrate.
Multi winding transformer of the present invention can be integrated into single element with the winding more than three (transformers more than two), and reduces area and tool matched well, and then reduces cost.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of first embodiment of the invention.
Figure 1B is the equivalent circuit diagram according to the transformer of the embodiment of Figure 1A.
Fig. 2 is that embodiment according to Figure 1A is along the resulting sectional structure chart of A-A ' straight line.
Fig. 3 A is the configuration figure according to the first winding of Figure 1A embodiment.
Fig. 3 B is the configuration figure according to the second winding of Figure 1A embodiment.
Fig. 3 C is the configuration figure according to the tertiary winding of Figure 1A embodiment.
Fig. 4 A is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 B is the equivalent circuit diagram according to the transformer of the embodiment of Fig. 4 A.
Fig. 5 A is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 B is the equivalent circuit diagram according to the transformer of the embodiment of Fig. 5 A.
Fig. 6 is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of fourth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 A is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of fifth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 B is the sectional structure chart according to the embodiment of Fig. 7 A.
Fig. 7 C is the equivalent circuit diagram according to the transformer of the embodiment of Fig. 7 A.
Fig. 8 A is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of sixth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 B is the sectional structure chart according to the embodiment of Fig. 8 A.
Fig. 8 C is the equivalent circuit diagram according to the transformer of the embodiment of Fig. 8 A.
Wherein, description of reference numerals is as follows:
100/200/300/400/500 transformer
10 substrates/chip
20 sandwich constructions
201 ground floors
203 second layers
202 the 3rd layers
30 first windings
31a/31b/31c the first half-turn coil
32a/32b/32c the second half-turn coil
The 33a/33b/33c/33d bridging part
Tap in 35 first
40 second windings
41a/41b the first half-turn coil
42a/42b the second half-turn coil
The 43a/43b bridging part
50 tertiary windings
51a/51b the first half-turn coil
52a/52b the second half-turn coil
The 53a/53b bridging part
Tap in 55 second
60 the 4th windings
70 guard rings
P
1 +/ P
2 +/ P
3 +The anode connection terminal of transformer
P
1 -/ P
2 -/ P
3 -The negative pole link of transformer
S
1 +/ S
2 +/ S
3 +The anode connection terminal of transformer secondary output coil
S
1 -/ S
2 -/ S
3 -The negative pole link of transformer secondary output coil
Embodiment
Describe in detail and feature of the present invention, purpose, function are described hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing, and reach employed technological means.
The revealer of institute of the present invention is carried the multi winding transformer of formula about a kind of crystalline substance, its with transformer with integrated circuit technology in the integrated sandwich construction on semiconductor substrate or wafer.This transformer has at least three by the formed winding of conductive coil (winding) according to function or the demand of its application circuit.For example, first, second and third winding, it can be formed in the same layer or different layers metal in the multi-layer metal structure on the substrate, and the line pattern of each winding spatially is disconnected from each other or independently, it can comprise odd number or a plurality of coil, by utilizing the electromagnetic coupling effect between the different windings, and reach the voltage conversion function of two or above transformer.Wherein first, second and third winding be successively around and form a multiple secondary winding.
And when the conductive coil of winding be when being formed at the same layer metal of this sandwich construction, the situation that the configuration of the conductive coil of this winding may occur intersecting; And for being electrically insulated between the described conductive coil, infall at configuration, the conductive coil of this part upper or lower floor toward this metal level can be adjusted or wire jumper in the mode of bridge joint, therefore, the conductive coil of this winding might not be the same layer that is completed in this sandwich construction, but basically or in fact is formed in the same layer.
As previously mentioned, the crystalline substance of the embodiment of the invention carries the formula transformer and has three or above winding; In following embodiment, will the concrete mode of its enforcement be described take the transformer of three windings or four windings as example, but not therefore and restriction the present invention.
Figure 1A is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of first embodiment of the invention, and Fig. 2 is that embodiment according to Figure 1A is along the resulting sectional structure chart of A-A ' straight line.The multi winding transformer 100 of present embodiment comprises a multiple secondary winding; This multiple secondary winding comprises at least and is separated from each other on the space or independently one first winding 30, one second winding 40 and a tertiary winding 50, and it is formed in the sandwich construction 20 on the substrate 10; In another embodiment; transformer 100 can comprise a guard ring (guard ring) 70 in addition; this guard ring 70 is preferably the guard ring of a stacking-type; the guard ring that is also namely formed by the multiple layer metal material; be formed in the sandwich construction 20 and substrate 10 of this multiple secondary winding periphery; by electromagnetic action or the isolation of noise with this transformer, and reduce those windings and other the interelement mutually electrically impact outward of this guard ring.This first winding 30, this second winding 40, and this tertiary winding 50 can form the transformer that has three windings on the structure.This substrate 10 can be semiconductor substrate or flexible base plate.
This first winding 30 is arranged in a ground floor 201 metal levels of this sandwich construction 20 basically.This first winding 30 can be coil (coil) structure of multi-turn (turn) number; Shown in Fig. 3 A, this first winding 30 can comprise a plurality of the first half-turns (semi-turn) coil 31a/31b/31c, a plurality of the second half-turn coil 32a/32b/32c, reach a plurality of bridging part 33a/33b/33c/33d.For example, this first half-turn coil 31a and this second half-turn coil 32b connect into one first coil by this bridging part 33a; Wherein, this first half-turn coil 31a and this second half-turn coil 32b basically are that shape is identical but size is different, and the half-turn coil that is mutually symmetrical of position configuration.This first half-turn coil 31a, this bridging part 33a, and this second half-turn coil 32b all be formed in this ground floor.Again for example, this first half-turn coil 31c and this second half-turn coil 32c connect into another the first coil by this bridging part 33b and/or this bridging part 33c; Wherein, this first half-turn coil 31c is that shape and size are all identical with this second half-turn coil 32c basically, but the half-turn coil that position configuration is mutually symmetrical.This first half-turn coil 31c, this bridging part 33b, and this second half-turn coil 32c all be formed in this ground floor, but the part that this bridging part 33c and this bridging part 33b intersect is utilized the mode (different metal layer) of wire jumper, with keep these the first winding 30 coil tracks continuously, namely between described the first coil separately and not short circuit.In like manner, this first half-turn coil 31b and this second half-turn coil 32a connect into again another the first coil by this bridging part 33d; Wherein, this first half-turn coil 31b and this second half-turn coil 32a also are that shape is identical but ratio is different, and the half-turn coil that is mutually symmetrical of position configuration.This first half-turn coil 31b and this second half-turn coil 32a all are formed in this ground floor, but this bridging part 33d utilizes the mode (different metal layer) of wire jumper that it is electrically insulated owing to intersect with this bridging part 33a formation.In order to improve the closeness of coil pattern, can be the setting of mutual wound form between described the first coil, as shown in Figure 3A, form similar spiral helicine line pattern.In other words, the First Line circle of individual pen basically be the first half-turn coil, the second half-turn coil, and each one of bridging part consist of; But being not limited to the above person, also can be other connection or layout type.
This second winding 40 also is arranged in this ground floor 201 of this sandwich construction 20 basically, namely is arranged in same layer with this first winding 30.This second winding 40 can be the loop construction of multi-turn number; Shown in Fig. 3 B, this second winding 40 can comprise a plurality of the first half-turn coil 41a/41b, a plurality of the second half-turn coil 42a/42b, reach a plurality of bridging part 43a/43b, its situation that connects into the second coil is similar to previous paragraphs for the description of the first coil of this first winding 30, does not repeat them here.Wherein, the line pattern of this first winding 30 and this second winding 40 is illustrated as square or rectangle, but not as limit, also can be circular, octagon or other shape, be beneficial to mate, outlet or increase the application of space and chip area.
This first winding 30 and this second winding 40 are arranged in the same metal level, its objective is the electromagnetic coupling effect that can utilize level or side direction (lateral) between the two in order to make, so that the operating function of transformer to be provided.Therefore, the line pattern of this first winding 30 and this second winding 40 spatially is (independence) disconnected from each other and be parallel to each other basically, and in order to improve the efficient of electromagnetic coupled, described first and second coil of present embodiment is the setting of alternating expression between finger (inter-digital), as shown in Figure 1, and help to form the most intensive coil pattern at minimum chip area.
This tertiary winding 50 is arranged in this second layer 203 of this sandwich construction 20 basically, namely be positioned at different metal levels from this first winding 30 and this second winding 40, and the 3rd layer 202 of being comprised of insulating material is arranged between the metal level of this ground floor 201 and the second layer 203.The line pattern of this tertiary winding 50 can be same or different from the line pattern of this second winding 40, but rotatable one specific angle, so that the link of winding I/O connects active circuit with shortest path, and the parasitic antenna that can reduce transmission line is beneficial to the optimization of wiring; The line pattern of this second winding 40 and this tertiary winding 50 is overlapping wholly or in part mutually up and down basically, so that can utilize the electromagnetic coupling effect of vertical (vertical) between the two, and so that the operating function of another transformer to be provided.Shown in Fig. 3 C, the line pattern clockwise 90-degree rotation that this tertiary winding 50 is this second winding 40; But not as limit, also can other suitable angle; And this tertiary winding 50 also can comprise a plurality of the first half-turn coil 51a/51b, a plurality of the second half-turn coil 52a/52b, reach the loop construction of the multi-turn of a plurality of bridging part 53a/53b, its situation that consists of tertiary coil as for the first coil of this first winding 30 description, do not repeat them here.Thus, the line pattern of this tertiary winding 50 and this second winding 40 spatially is disconnected from each other and is parallel to each other basically, and in order to improve the efficient of electromagnetic coupled, described second and third coil of present embodiment is up and down overlapping setting basically, as shown in Figure 1; But not as limit, a little mutually displacement also can be arranged between the two or only be and overlap or the symmetrical circuit setting of non-central authorities.
Shown in Figure 1A and 2, this second winding 40 and this tertiary winding 50 are overlooked the position that is projected on this substrate 10, and the top outer coil that is positioned at this first winding 30 is overlooked within the position that is projected on this substrate 10.In addition, in the profile of Fig. 2, this second layer 203 is the tops that are positioned at this ground floor 201; But not as limit, this second layer 203 also can be positioned at the below of this ground floor 201, also is the below that the tertiary winding 50 also can be positioned at the second winding 40.
In sum, Figure 1A is depicted as the transformer with three windings, and its equivalent circuit diagram as shown in Figure 1B.This first winding 30, this second winding 40, and this tertiary winding 50 for successively around but conductive coil independently respectively has two links.This first winding 30 and this second winding 40 form the first transformer by the electromagnetic coupling effect of side direction, and this first winding 30 is as elementary (primary) coil of this first transformer, and its anode connection terminal is P
1 +And the negative pole link is P
1 -, and this second winding 40 is as secondary (secondary) coil of this first transformer, and its anode connection terminal is S
1 +And the negative pole link is S
1 -In addition, this second winding 40 and this tertiary winding 50 form the second transformer by vertical electromagnetic coupling effect, and also as the primary coil of this second transformer, its anode connection terminal is P to this second winding 40
2 +And the negative pole link is P
2 -, and this tertiary winding 50 is as the secondary coil of this second transformer, and its anode connection terminal is S
2 +And the negative pole link is S
2 -Wherein, this second winding 40 can be this first and second transformer and shares.The direction of drawing of each transformer link can (for example be spent with 180 degree, 90 degree, 45 by coil connecting terminal secondary with it, in the application of octagonal coil pattern) or other suitable arbitrarily angled (for example, in the application of circular coil pattern) the arrangement of direction position, so that the link port of winding I/O connects other circuit element with shortest path, and the parasitic antenna that can reduce transmission line is beneficial to the optimization of wiring.
The present invention can develop into two single elements that balance-unbalanced transformer is integrated that the transceiver of radio communication is required on the basis of the first embodiment of Fig. 1, be not limited but do not use with this.
Fig. 4 A is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of second embodiment of the invention.The multi winding transformer 200 of present embodiment is formed in the sandwich construction on the substrate, it comprises one first winding 30, one second winding 40 and a tertiary winding 50, its for successively around but conductive coil independently has the balance of three windings-unbalanced transformer with formation.The transformer of the second embodiment forms or structure is based upon on the basis of the first embodiment; Therefore, both similar parts will no longer be repeated in this description.In the present embodiment, this first winding 30 and this second winding 40 form the first transformer by the electromagnetic coupling effect of side direction, and this first winding 30 is as the primary coil of this first transformer, and its anode connection terminal is P
1 +And the negative pole link is P
1 -, and this second winding 40 is as the secondary coil of this first transformer, and its anode connection terminal is S
1 +And the negative pole link is S
1 -In addition, this second winding 40 and this tertiary winding 50 form the second transformer by vertical electromagnetic coupling effect, and also as the primary coil of this second transformer, its anode connection terminal is P to this second winding 40
2 +And the negative pole link is P
2 -, and this tertiary winding 50 is as the secondary coil of this second transformer, and its anode connection terminal is S
2 +And the negative pole link is S
2 -Wherein, this second winding 40 can be this first and second transformer and shares.This first winding 30 also has tap in one first (center tap) 35, and the tap that it is pulled out for the coil central authorities place of this first winding 30 is for the use of differential type signal; This in first the direction of drawing of tap 35 can be to form suitable arbitrarily angled of 90 degree, 180 degree or other with this first transformer link, in order to connect upper outside active circuit with shortest path.And this tertiary winding 50 has more tap 55 in one second, and the tap that it is pulled out for the coil central authorities place of this tertiary winding 50 is for the use of differential type signal; This in second the direction of drawing of tap 55 also can be to form suitable arbitrarily angled of 90 degree, 180 degree or other with this second transformer link.Anode connection terminal S with this second winding 40
1 +Or P
2 +Ground connection, then the equivalent circuit diagram of the balance of Fig. 4 A-unbalanced transformer is shown in Fig. 4 B; Thus, this first transformer can convert the differential type signal to the monofocal signal, and this second transformer can convert the monofocal signal to the differential type signal, to reach the operation of balance-unbalanced transformer.
The three winding type transformers of Fig. 4 A can be applicable to wireless transceiver (transceiver).When transceiver operations in transmission mode, then the differential type coil of the first primary monofocal coil that the differential type signal that is total to the grid stage power amplifier can be turned via the first transformer secondary output is converted to the monofocal signal, and offers antenna transmission in air.On the other hand, when this transceiver switches to receiving mode, then the monofocal signal that receives of antenna will be input to the elementary monofocal coil of the second transformer one, differential type coil via the second transformer secondary output is converted to the differential type signal, is used as input signal source and offer the differential type low noise amplifier.
In the above-described embodiment, this first winding 30 also can be formed in a plurality of layer of this sandwich construction 20 (not shown); For example, this first winding 30 can both be formed at this ground floor 201, was formed at again in this second layer 203, and it is parallel with the second winding 40 to be part, but not as limit.In certain embodiments, this second or the tertiary winding also can be formed in a plurality of layer of this sandwich construction 20 (not shown).Electromagnetic coupled between this first winding 30, this second winding 40 and this tertiary winding 50 can be the coupling of vertical coupled or level or its combination wholly or in part.
Fig. 5 A is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of third embodiment of the invention.The multi winding transformer 300 of present embodiment is formed in the sandwich construction on the substrate, it comprises one first winding 30, one second winding 40 and a tertiary winding 50, its for successively around but conductive coil independently has the balance of three windings-unbalanced transformer with formation.The transformer device structure of the 3rd embodiment or composition also are based upon on the basis of the first embodiment, and therefore, both will no longer be repeated in this description similar part.In the present embodiment, the loop construction of this tertiary winding 50 is analogous to this first winding 30, and the line pattern of this tertiary winding 50 and this first winding 30 overlaps each other up and down basically, so that form vertical electromagnetic coupling effect between the two.This first winding 30 and this second winding 40 form the first transformer by the electromagnetic coupling effect of side direction, and this first winding 30 is as the primary coil of this first transformer, and its anode connection terminal is P
1 +And the negative pole link is P
1 -, and this second winding 40 is as the secondary coil of this first transformer, and its anode connection terminal is S
1 +And the negative pole link is S
1 -In addition, this first winding 30 and this tertiary winding 50 form the second transformer by vertical electromagnetic coupling effect, and also as the primary coil of this second transformer, its anode connection terminal is P to this first winding 30
2 +And the negative pole link is P
2 -, and this tertiary winding 50 is as the secondary coil of this second transformer, and its anode connection terminal is S
2 +And the negative pole link is S
2 -Wherein, this first winding 30 is shared by this first and second transformer.This first winding 30 has more tap 35 in one first, and the tap that it is pulled out for the coil central authorities place of this first winding 30 is for the use of differential type signal; And this tertiary winding 50 has more tap 55 in one second, and the tap that it is pulled out for the coil central authorities place of this tertiary winding 50 is for the use of differential type signal.The direction of drawing of tap can be to form arbitrarily angled that 90 degree, 180 are spent or other is suitable with this transformer in each, and then the equivalent circuit diagram of the balance of Fig. 5 A-unbalanced transformer is shown in Fig. 5 B; Thus, this first transformer can convert the differential type signal to the monofocal signal, and this second transformer can convert the differential type signal to another differential type signal, to reach the operation of balance-unbalanced transformer.
In addition, carrying the formula transformer for the crystalline substance with three windings also can have different structures, and for example Fig. 6 is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of fourth embodiment of the invention.The multi winding transformer of present embodiment is formed in the sandwich construction on the substrate, and it comprises one first winding 30, one second winding 40 and a tertiary winding 50.This first winding 30, this second winding 40 and this tertiary winding 50 for successively around but conductive coil independently, its same layer (first and second transformer all utilizes the level coupling), different layers or part that can be formed at this sandwich construction is part different layers with layer.
In the above-described embodiment, the electromagnetic coupled between this first winding 30, this second winding 40 and this tertiary winding 50 can be level coupling, vertical coupled or its combination.Also namely, according to the variation of winding line layout and the use of its metal level, have different coupling effects between each winding, the present invention is not as limit.
According to multi winding transformer of the present invention, also can comprise the winding more than three.Fig. 7 A is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of fifth embodiment of the invention.Fig. 7 B is the sectional structure chart according to the embodiment of Fig. 7 A.The multi winding transformer 400 of present embodiment is formed in the sandwich construction 20 on the integrated circuit (IC) chip 10, it comprises one first winding 30, one second winding 40, a tertiary winding 50 and one the 4th winding 60, its for successively around but conductive coil independently has the transformer of four windings with formation.It is peripheral that one guard ring 70 can be formed at described winding, and it can be the metal coating ring of stacking-type.The transformer of the 4th embodiment forms or structure is on the basis of the first embodiment, also comprises the 4th winding 60, and with the first embodiment roughly the same part will no longer be repeated in this description.The 4th winding 60 is arranged in this second layer of this sandwich construction basically, namely is arranged in same layer with this tertiary winding 50.The 4th winding 60 can be the loop construction of multi-turn number, comprises a plurality of the first half-turn coils, a plurality of the second half-turn coil, reaches a plurality of bridging parts, and its situation that connects into the 4th coil is similar to the first embodiment for the description of this first winding 30.The 4th winding 60 and this tertiary winding 50 are arranged in the same layer, its objective is the electromagnetic coupling effect that forms side direction between the two in order to make, so that the operating function of transformer to be provided.Therefore, the line pattern of the 4th winding 60 and this tertiary winding 50 spatially is (or independent) disconnected from each other and be parallel to each other basically, and being entirely this tertiary coil, the setting of described the 4th coil of present embodiment centers on, shown in Fig. 7 A, to help forming the most intensive coil pattern at minimum chip area.Wherein, cross-coupled part may occur in the line pattern of the 4th winding 60 or this tertiary winding 50, also as previously mentioned, can separate the 4th winding 60 or this tertiary winding 50 by wire jumper.
In the present embodiment, this first winding 30 and this second winding 40 form the first transformer by the electromagnetic coupling effect of side direction, and this first winding 30 is as the primary coil of this first transformer, and its anode connection terminal is P
1 +And the negative pole link is P
1 -, and this second winding 40 is as the secondary coil of this first transformer, and its anode connection terminal is S
1 +And the negative pole link is S
1 -This second winding 40 and this tertiary winding 50 form the second transformer by vertical electromagnetic coupling effect, and also as the primary coil of this second transformer, its anode connection terminal is P to this second winding 40
2 +And the negative pole link is P
2 -, and this tertiary winding 50 is as the secondary coil of this second transformer, and its anode connection terminal is S
2 +And the negative pole link is S
2 -In addition, this tertiary winding 50 and the 4th winding 60 form the 3rd transformer by the electromagnetic coupling effect of side direction, and this tertiary winding 50 is as the primary coil of the 3rd transformer, and its anode connection terminal is P
3 +And the negative pole link is P
3 -, and the 4th winding 60 is as the secondary coil of the 3rd transformer, and its anode connection terminal is S
3 +And the negative pole link is S
3 -Wherein, this second winding 40 can be this first and second transformer and shares, and this tertiary winding 50 can be this second and third transformer and shares.This first winding 30 also has tap 35 in one first, and the tap that pull out in its coil central authorities place that can be this first winding 30 is for the use of differential type signal; This in first the direction of drawing of tap 35 can be the settings that form 180 degree with this first transformer link.And this tertiary winding 50 also has tap 55 in one second, and the tap that it is pulled out for the coil central authorities place of this tertiary winding 50 is for the use of differential type signal; This in second tap 55 to draw direction also can be and this second transformer link forms the settings of 90 degree that then the equivalent circuit diagram of the transformer of Fig. 7 A is shown in Fig. 7 C; Thus, this first transformer can convert the differential type signal to the monofocal signal, this second transformer can convert the monofocal signal to the differential type signal, and the 3rd transformer can convert the differential type signal to the monofocal signal, to reach the operation of balance-unbalanced transformer.
The four winding type transformers of Fig. 7 A can be applicable to wireless transceiver.For example, when transceiver operations in transmission mode, then the first transformer one elementary differential type coil monofocal coil that the differential type signal that is total to the grid stage power amplifier can be turned via the first transformer secondary output is converted to the monofocal signal, and offers antenna transmission in air.On the other hand, when this transceiver switches to receiving mode, then the monofocal signal that receives of antenna will be input to the monofocal coil of the second primary, differential type coil via the second transformer secondary output is converted to the differential type signal, is used as input signal source and offer common grid level differential type low noise amplifier.In addition, the differential type coil of the second transformer secondary output also can be used as the primary coil of the 3rd transformer, the secondary coil of the 3rd transformer then is wrapped in the inboard of its primary coil for being positioned at same layer, to carry out the electromagnetic coupled of side direction, the load that can be used as low noise amplifier (LNA) is used.
In addition, Fig. 8 A is the winding line layout according to the multi winding transformer of sixth embodiment of the invention.Fig. 8 B is the sectional structure chart according to the embodiment of Fig. 8 A.The multi winding transformer 500 of present embodiment is formed in the sandwich construction 20 on the integrated circuit (IC) chip 10, it comprises one first winding 30, one second winding 40, a tertiary winding 50 and one the 4th winding 60, its for successively around but conductive coil independently has the transformer of four windings with formation.It is peripheral that one guard ring 70 can be formed at described winding, and it can be the guard ring of stacking-type.The transformer of present embodiment forms structure and basically is analogous to the 5th embodiment, and difference is that the 4th coil of the 4th winding 60 is fully around described tertiary coil, shown in Fig. 8 A.Therefore, this first winding 30 and this second winding 40 form the first transformer by the electromagnetic coupling effect of side direction, and this first winding 30 is as the primary coil of this first transformer, and this second winding 40 is as the secondary coil of this first transformer.This second winding 40 and this tertiary winding 50 form the second transformer by vertical electromagnetic coupling effect, and this second winding 40 is also as the primary coil of this second transformer, and this tertiary winding 50 is as the secondary coil of this second transformer.In addition, this tertiary winding 50 and the 4th winding 60 form the 3rd transformer by the electromagnetic coupling effect of side direction, and this tertiary winding 50 is as the primary coil of the 3rd transformer, and the 4th winding 60 is as the secondary coil of the 3rd transformer.Wherein, this second winding 40 can be this first and second transformer and shares, and this tertiary winding 50 can be this second and third transformer and shares.This first winding 30 has tap 35 in one first, the tap that it is pulled out for the coil central authorities place of this first winding 30, use for the differential type signal, and this tertiary winding 50 has tap 55 in one second, the tap that it is pulled out for the coil central authorities place of this tertiary winding 50, for the use of differential type signal, then the equivalent circuit diagram of the transformer of Fig. 8 A is shown in Fig. 8 C; Thus, this first transformer can convert the differential type signal to the monofocal signal, this second transformer can convert the monofocal signal to the differential type signal, and the 3rd transformer can convert the differential type signal to the monofocal signal, to reach the operation of balance-unbalanced transformer.
According to the above embodiments and explanation, multi winding transformer of the present invention really can be integrated into single element with the winding more than three (transformers more than two), and reduces area and tool matched well, and then reduces cost.But the above person comprises: feature, structure, and other similar effect only are preferred embodiment of the present invention, when can not be in order to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (16)
1. a multi winding transformer is formed on the ic substrate, it is characterized in that it comprises:
One multiple secondary winding, it comprises one first winding that is separated from each other on the space, one second winding, and the tertiary winding at least; And
One guard ring, it is peripheral to be formed at this multiple secondary winding;
Wherein, this first winding and this second winding are as one first transformer, and this second winding and this tertiary winding are as one second transformer.
2. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this first winding and this second winding utilize side-coupled as this first transformer.
3. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, this second winding and this tertiary winding utilize vertical coupled as this second transformer.
4. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this second and third winding is overlooked the top outer coil that the position that is projected to substrate is positioned at this first winding and overlooked within the position that is projected to substrate.
5. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in this first, second and third winding wherein the two has respectively tap in.
6. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this first and second winding is formed in the identical metal level.
7. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, this tertiary winding is formed in the different metal levels from this first winding.
8. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this first transformer is used for transferring single-ended signal to double-end signal, and this second transformer is used for transferring double-end signal to single-ended signal.
9. a multi winding transformer is formed on the ic substrate, it is characterized in that it comprises:
One first winding;
One second winding; And
One tertiary winding;
Wherein, this first, second and third winding is successively around but independent, and this first winding and this second winding are as one first transformer, and this second winding and this tertiary winding are as one second transformer.
10. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, this first and second winding is formed in the identical metal level.
11. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, this tertiary winding is formed in the different metal levels from this first winding.
12. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, this first transformer is used for transferring single-ended signal to double-end signal, and this second transformer is used for transferring double-end signal to single-ended signal.
13. a multi winding transformer is formed on the ic substrate, it is characterized in that it comprises:
One first winding;
One second winding; And
One tertiary winding;
Wherein, this first, second and third winding is successively around but independent, and this second and third winding is overlooked the top outer coil that the position that is projected to substrate is positioned at this first winding and overlooked within the position that is projected to substrate.
14. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, this first winding and this second winding utilize side-coupled as one first transformer.
15. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, this second winding and this tertiary winding utilize vertical coupled as one second transformer.
16. multi winding transformer as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, in this first, second and third winding wherein the two has respectively tap in.
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