CN103377467B - The method of image compensation - Google Patents
The method of image compensation Download PDFInfo
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- CN103377467B CN103377467B CN201210123961.2A CN201210123961A CN103377467B CN 103377467 B CN103377467 B CN 103377467B CN 201210123961 A CN201210123961 A CN 201210123961A CN 103377467 B CN103377467 B CN 103377467B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method of image compensation, comprises the following steps：Segmentation reference picture, to form MxN pixel compensation block；According to pixel compensation block, in calculating per J rows, the actual offset per I block of pixels, wherein M, N, I, J are positive integer, and 1≤I≤M and 1≤J≤N；The actual offset of storage；Segmentation shooting image, to form MxN pixel correction block；And according to actual offset, all MxN pixel correction blocks are compensated, wherein corresponding to the pixel correction block for not storing actual offset, then first according to actual offset, calculating and obtaining its corresponding estimation compensation value, then compensate.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of method of image compensation, and in particular to a kind of image of compensation chromatic effects
The method of compensation.
Background technology
In general image collecting device, which utilizes charge coupled cell (Charge-coupled device, CCD)
Or complementary metal oxide layer semiconductor (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor, CMOS) etc
Photo-sensitive cell catches the light entered in fuselage by camera lens.When light passes through lens set, refraction can be produced image is presented
On CCD or CMOS.However, as the refraction of light can cause the decay of energy, and produced by the light through lens edge
Refraction angle can be big compared with the refraction angle produced by the light through center of lens, thus result in the edge of captured image compared with
Secretly, but the brighter result in center, this effect be referred to as aberration (Color Shading) effect.
In order to eliminate chromatic effects, in general existing technology, most-often used image compensation method is following two：
Using dividing the image into into MxN block, and calculate penalty coefficient to compensate image for each block；Or will
Image is divided into M block in the horizontal direction, and calculates the penalty coefficient of its each block, then image is divided in vertical direction
N number of block, and the benefit coefficient of its each block is calculated, finally level is multiplied to obtain general image with vertical penalty coefficient
Penalty coefficient.
In the first above-mentioned two-dimentional image compensation method, if divide the image into into more multiple blocks, although can
More to be precisely compensated for coefficient, but but need sizable memorizer to store these penalty coefficients；If will figure
As when being divided into less block, although more save storage space, but the error of penalty coefficient will become big so that compensation
Image quality reduce.And in second one-dimensional image compensation method, which is constituted with two one-dimensional penalty coefficients, therefore
Memorizer need to only store M+N penalty coefficient, although the storage space spent by which is next compared with first method to be lacked, but due to
Which is only two one-dimensional penalty coefficients, therefore penalty coefficient is still more inaccurate.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method of image compensation, and which is utilized with fixed interval sampling calculating penalty coefficient, and with
The mode of interpolation or extrapolation obtains the mode of the penalty coefficient corresponding to each block, reach one kind have concurrently lifting compensation efficiency with
And the method for saving the image compensation of storage space.
The present invention provides a kind of method of image compensation, comprises the following steps：Segmentation reference picture, to form MxN picture
Element compensation block；According to pixel compensation block, in calculating per J rows, the actual offset per I pixel compensation block, wherein M,
N, I, J are positive integer, and 1≤I≤M and 1≤J≤N；The actual offset of storage；Segmentation shooting image, to form MxN picture
Element correction block；And according to actual offset, all MxN pixel correction blocks are compensated, wherein corresponding to not storing up
The pixel correction block of actual offset is deposited, then first according to actual offset, is calculated and is obtained its corresponding estimation compensation value, then
Compensate.
In one embodiment of this invention, the step of calculating actual offset also includes：Calculate each pixel compensation area
The pixel average of block, and make maximum pixel average be standard pixel meansigma methodss；And standard pixel meansigma methodss are removed
With pixel average obtaining actual offset.
In one embodiment of this invention, according to actual offset, all MxN pixel correction blocks are compensated
Step includes：According to adjacent actual offset, interpolative operation is carried out, to obtain the first estimation compensation value, wherein M-1 and N-1
The integral multiple of respectively I and J.
In one embodiment of this invention, the method for described image compensation also includes：According to actual offset and first
Estimation compensation value, compensates all MxN pixel correction blocks.
In one embodiment of this invention, the method for described image compensation is applied to includes that the image of memory cell is adopted
Acquisition means, wherein memory cell store the individual actual offsets of ((M-1)/I+1) x ((N-1)/J+1).
In one embodiment of this invention, interpolative operation is bilinear interpolation computing or bi-cubic interpolation computing.
In one embodiment of this invention, according to actual offset, all MxN pixel correction blocks are compensated
Step includes：Interpolative operation is carried out according to adjacent actual offset, to obtain the first estimation compensation value；And it is real according to part
Border offset and part the first estimation compensation value, carry out extrapolation computing, and to obtain the second estimation compensation value, wherein M-1 is not for I's
Integral multiple, N-1 for J integral multiple or M-1 for I integral multiple and N-1 for J integral multiple.
In one embodiment of this invention, according to actual offset, all MxN pixel correction blocks are compensated
Step also includes：Extrapolation computing is carried out according to part the first estimation compensation value, to obtain the 3rd estimation compensation value.
In one embodiment of this invention, according to actual offset, all MxN pixel correction blocks are compensated
Step also includes：Interpolative operation is carried out according to the second estimation compensation value, to obtain the 3rd estimation compensation value.
In one embodiment of this invention, according to actual offset, all MxN pixel correction blocks are compensated
Step also includes：According to actual offset, the first estimation compensation value, the second estimation compensation value and the 3rd estimation compensation value, mend
Repay all MxN pixel correction blocks.
In one embodiment of this invention, the method for described image compensation also included the step of splitting reference picture before
Collection reference picture.
In one embodiment of this invention, the method for described image compensation also included the step of splitting shooting image before
Collection shooting image.
In one embodiment of this invention, reference picture is uniform color lump.
Based on above-mentioned, the method for the image compensation described in embodiments of the invention, compared to existing compensation method, more
Shared storage space is reduced, and then the design cost of image collecting device is greatly reduced, and provided more
For good compensation efficiency so that acquired image quality is further lifted.
It is that the features described above and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, special embodiment below, and it is detailed to coordinate accompanying drawing to make
Carefully it is described as follows.
Description of the drawings
The step of Fig. 1 is the method according to the image compensation of one embodiment of the invention flow chart；
Fig. 2A～2C is the schematic diagram of the method for the image compensation of the embodiment according to Fig. 1；
The step of Fig. 3 is the method according to the image compensation of another embodiment of the present invention flow chart；
Fig. 4 A～4C is the schematic diagram of the method for the image compensation of the embodiment according to Fig. 3.
Description of reference numerals：
S100、S102、S104、S106、S108、S110、S112、S114、S116、S216、S218、S220：Image compensation
The step of flow process；
10、20、30、40、50：Pixel correction block；
1000：5x5 pixel correction blocks；
1000’：4x5 pixel correction blocks；
R_1～R_9：Actual offset；
P_1～P_16：First estimation compensation value；
Q_1～Q_3：Second estimation compensation value；
S1、S2：3rd estimation compensation value.
Specific embodiment
The method of the image compensation proposed in embodiments of the invention, can be to image collecting device (such as camera, camera
Deng) produced by aberration (Color Shading) effect compensate, and then lifted image quality method.In order that this
Bright content is easily clear, the example that can actually implement according to this as the present invention especially exemplified by embodiment below.In addition, all possibility
Part, the element/component/step of the identical label used in schema and embodiment represent same or like part.
The step of Fig. 1 is the method according to the image compensation of one embodiment of the invention flow chart.Fig. 1 is refer to, in order to mend
Chromatic effects are repaid, image collecting device (not showing) gathers one firstly the need of in the environment of uniform luminance in step S100
Uniform color lump is used as reference picture.Then, image compensation unit (not showing) segmentation reference picture, to form MxN pixel
Compensation block (step S102), and start to calculate MxN pixel compensation block from the pixel compensation block of the first row first row
In, vertical direction individual and horizontal direction actual offset (step S104) individual per J per I.In other words, image compensation unit
According to pixel compensation block, in calculating which per J rows, the actual offset per I block of pixels, wherein M, N, I, J are positive integer,
And 1≤I≤M and 1≤J≤N.
The step of actual offset is calculated in (S104), image compensation unit calculates the picture of each pixel compensation block
Plain meansigma methodss, and make maximum of which pixel average for standard pixel meansigma methodss, and by standard pixel meansigma methodss divided by
The pixel average of each block of pixels, to obtain the actual offset corresponding to each pixel compensation block, and in step
The actual offset that compensating unit is calculated is stored in memory cell (not showing) in rapid S106.
Now image collecting device has been completed the calculating of actual offset, therefore can be directed to the image of required shooting
Further compensate, however, in above-mentioned steps, wherein reference picture also can be defeated via the other modes outside shooting, collecting
Enter into image collecting device, the present invention is not limited.
Then, in step S108, image acquisition device shooting image, and image compensation unit carry out similar to
The action of step S102, splits gathered shooting image, to form MxN pixel correction block (S110) so that image is mended
Repay unit can according to above-mentioned steps obtained by actual offset to shooting image in all MxN pixel correction blocks enter
Row compensation (S112).
In a subsequent step, graphics processing unit carries out computing according to actual offset, to all MxN pixel schools
Positive block compensates (step S112).As in the present embodiment, M-1 and N-1 is respectively the integral multiple of I and J so that counted
The actual offset for calculating is fallen within every one side of MxN pixel correction block just.Therefore, image compensation unit can be according to reality
Border offset is further calculated corresponding to the pixel correction block for not storing actual offset using the mode of interpolation
Estimation compensation value.
In step S114, image compensation unit carries out interpolative operation according to adjacent actual offset, to obtain first
Estimation compensation value, and in step S116, according to actual offset and the first estimation compensation value, compensate corresponding pixel school
Positive block.
Below as another example illustrating above-mentioned steps.Fig. 2A～2C is the method for the image compensation of the embodiment according to Fig. 1
Schematic diagram.Fig. 2A is refer to, as a example by this sentences 5x5 pixel correction block, and is stored with each two pixel compensation block
The interval of one actual offset compensates, that is, M=5, N=5 and I=2, J=2.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2A～2C is refer to, image acquisition device reference picture makes image compensation unit be divided into
Actual offset R_1～R_9 is stored in storage by 5x5 pixel compensations block after calculating actual offset R_1～R_9
In device unit.Then, after image acquisition device shooting image, image compensation unit is equally divided into 5x5 pixels school
Positive block 1000, and compensated according to actual offset.There is no correspondence due to now still there are multiple pixel correction blocks
Offset, therefore image compensation unit carries out interpolative operation according to adjacent actual offset, wherein the present embodiment be with
As a example by bilinear interpolation computing, to calculate the first estimation compensation value P1～P16 corresponding to pixel correction block, but herein
Interpolative operation also can try to achieve corresponding first estimation compensation value P1 using other interpolative operation modes (such as bi-cubic interpolation computing)
～P16, the present invention are not limited.
In Fig. 2 B and 2C, estimated with the pixel correction block and correspondence first of correspondence actual offset R1, R2, R4, R5
The block constituted by meter offset P1, P3, P4, P5, P8 is further illustrated the present embodiment and uses bilinear interpolation computing
The step of obtaining the first estimation compensation value P1～P16.
First, image compensation unit carries out the interpolative operation of vertical direction, and the actual offset R_1 of its interpolation is compensated with actual
Value R_4 obtains estimation compensation value P_3；In the same manner, the actual offset R_2 of image compensation unit interpolation and actual offset R_5 is obtained
Obtain estimation compensation value P_5.
Then, image compensation unit carries out the interpolative operation of horizontal direction, and interpolation actual offset R_1, R_2 obtain first
Estimation compensation value P_1, interpolation the first estimation compensation value P_3, P_5 obtain the first estimation compensation value P_4 and the actual compensation of interpolation
Value R_4, R_5 obtains the first estimation compensation value P_8, therefore has obtained all first estimation compensation values of this 3x3 block of correspondence.
Finally, the operation method according to Fig. 2 B and 2C, further can obtain all 5x5 pictures of correspondence with identical step
Each the first estimation compensation value P_1～P_16 of element correction block 1000, and according to actual offset R_1～R_9 and the
One estimation compensation value P_1～P_16 compensates each pixel correction block.
In certain embodiments, M-1 for I integral multiple or N-1 for J integral multiple when, it is corresponding in MxN pixel
The actual offset of correction block will not fall in pixel correction block just per on one side, it is therefore desirable to which other method enters one
Step ground calculates the estimation compensation value that cannot be obtained only by means of interpolation.
The step of Fig. 3 is the method according to the image compensation of another embodiment of the present invention flow chart.Fig. 3 is refer to, in Fig. 3
In, step S100～S110 is identical with aforesaid embodiment, therefore repeats no more.As the present embodiment is the integer in M-1 not for I
Times, N-1 for J integral multiple or M-1 and N-1 be not simultaneously the integral multiple of I and J in the case of, therefore described in the present embodiment
Method is all MxN pixel correction blocks to be compensated according to actual offset with aforesaid embodiment difference
In step S112, it is necessary to the estimation benefit that part only cannot be obtained with interpolation method is further obtained in the way of extrapolation computing
Repay value.
The step of the present embodiment S114 as hereinbefore, image compensation unit carries out interpolation according to adjacent actual offset
Computing, and obtain the first estimation compensation value in its interval.
Then, image compensation unit is according to the actual compensation corresponding to the relative outermost in MxN pixel correction block
Value carries out extrapolation computing with the first adjacent estimation compensation value, and the second estimation for obtaining correcting block corresponding to partial pixel is mended
Repay value (step S216).
Last image compensation unit carries out extrapolation computing according to the first adjacent estimation compensation value of part, with obtain corresponding to
3rd estimation compensation value (step S218) of another part pixel correction block, and estimate to mend according to actual offset, first
Value, the second estimation compensation value and the 3rd estimation compensation value are repaid, all MxN pixel correction blocks (step S220) are compensated.Its
In other embodiments, the 3rd estimation compensation value is also using the offset that block is corrected corresponding to different pixels for middle step S218
Carry out interpolative operation or extrapolation computing is obtained, such as interpolative operation is carried out mutually using between the second adjacent estimation compensation value, with
The 3rd estimation compensation value is obtained, the present invention is not limited.
Below as another example illustrating above-mentioned steps.Fig. 4 A～4C is the method for the image compensation of the embodiment according to Fig. 3
Schematic diagram.Fig. 4 A are refer to, as a example by this sentences 4x5 pixel correction block, and is stored with each two pixel compensation block
The interval of one actual offset compensates, that is, M=4, N=5 and I=2, J=2.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 A～4C is refer to, image acquisition device reference picture makes image compensation unit be divided into
Actual offset R_1～R_6 is stored in storage by 4x5 pixel compensations block after calculating actual offset R_1～R_6
In device unit.Then, after image acquisition device shooting image, image compensation unit is equally divided into 4x5 pixels school
Positive block 1000 ', and compensated according to actual offset.The method of the image compensation of the present embodiment so far with above-mentioned reality
Apply example roughly the same, if its difference is the present embodiment carries out interpolative operation only in accordance with actual offset R_1～R_6, only
The first estimation compensation value P_1～P_9 can be obtained, and the estimation compensation value corresponding to pixel correction block 10～50 cannot be obtained.
In Fig. 4 B and Fig. 4 C, estimated with the pixel correction block of correspondence actual offset R1, R2, R4, R5, correspondence first
The block constituted by offset P1, P3, P4, P5, P8 and pixel compensation block 10～30 is further illustrated this enforcement
The compensation method of example.
First, image compensation unit carries out aforesaid bilinear interpolation fortune according to actual offset R_1, R_2, R_4, R_5
Calculate and obtain the first estimation compensation value P_1, P_3, P_4, P_5, P_8, this part as hereinbefore, therefore repeats no more.
Then, image compensation unit obtains the second estimation according to actual offset R 4 and the first estimation compensation value P_3 extrapolation
Offset Q_1, and the second estimation compensation value Q_2 is obtained according to actual offset R_5 and the first estimation compensation value P_5 extrapolation.
The 3rd estimation compensation value S_1 is obtained further according to the first estimation compensation value P_4 and P_8 extrapolations, wherein the 3rd estimation compensation value S_1 is also
Can be by obtained by the second estimation compensation value Q_1 to be with Q_2 interpolations, the present invention is not limited only to this.
Finally, the operation method according to Fig. 4 B and Fig. 4 C, further can obtain all 5x5 of correspondence with identical step
Each the second estimation compensation value Q_1, Q2, Q_3 and the 3rd estimation compensation value S_1, S_2 of individual pixel correction block, and
According to actual offset R_1～R_9, the first estimation compensation value P_1～P_16, the second estimation compensation value Q_1, Q2, Q3 and
Three estimation compensation values S_1, S_2 compensate each pixel correction block.
In sum, the method for the image compensation described in embodiments of the invention only stores ((M- in memory cell
1)/I+1) the individual actual offsets of x ((N-1)/J+1), compared to existing two-dimentional aberration compensation method, more reduce shared
Storage space, and then the design cost of image collecting device is greatly reduced, and compared to existing one-dimensional aberration
Compensation method, embodiments of the invention then provide more good compensation efficiency so that acquired image quality is able to into one
Step is lifted.
Finally it should be noted that：Various embodiments above only to illustrate technical scheme, rather than a limitation；To the greatest extent
Pipe has been described in detail to the present invention with reference to foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：Its according to
So the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments can be modified, or which part or all technical characteristic are entered
Row equivalent；And these modifications or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from various embodiments of the present invention technology
The scope of scheme.
Claims (16)
1. a kind of method of image compensation, it is characterised in that include：
Split a reference picture, to form MxN pixel compensation block；
According to those pixel compensation blocks, in only calculating per J rows, the multiple actual offset per I pixel compensation block, wherein
M, N, I, J are positive integer, and 1≤I≤M and 1≤J≤N, M, N one at least are more than 1；
Store those actual offsets；
Split a shooting image, to form MxN pixel correction block；And
According to those actual offsets, all MxN pixel correction blocks are compensated, wherein corresponding to not storing actual benefit
The pixel correction block of value is repaid, then first according to those actual offsets, is carried out interpolative operation and is obtained its corresponding multiple estimation
Offset, then compensate.
2. the method for image compensation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step of calculating those actual offsets is also
Including：
A pixel average of each pixel compensation block is calculated, and makes the pixel average of maximum average for a standard pixel
Value；And
By the standard pixel meansigma methodss divided by those pixel averages obtaining those actual offsets.
3. the method for image compensation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that according to those actual offsets, to all
The step of MxN pixel correction block is compensated includes：
According to those adjacent actual offsets, the interpolative operation is carried out, to obtain multiple first estimation compensation values, wherein M-1
The integral multiple of I and J is respectively with N-1.
4. the method for image compensation according to claim 3, it is characterised in that also include：
According to those actual offsets and those the first estimation compensation values, all MxN pixel correction blocks are compensated.
5. the method for image compensation according to claim 3, it is characterised in that suitable for including a memory cell
Image collecting device, the described memory cell store the individual actual offsets of ((M-1)/I+1) x ((N-1)/J+1).
6. the method for image compensation according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the interpolative operation is bilinear interpolation computing
Or bi-cubic interpolation computing.
7. the method for image compensation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that according to those actual offsets, to all
The step of MxN pixel correction block is compensated includes：
According to those adjacent actual offsets, the interpolative operation is carried out, to obtain multiple first estimation compensation values；And
According to those actual offsets of part and those the first estimation compensation values of part, an extrapolation computing is carried out, it is multiple to obtain
Second estimation compensation value, wherein M-1 are not the integral multiple and N-1 of I for integral multiple or M-1 that the integral multiple of I, N-1 are not J
It is not the integral multiple of J.
8. the method for image compensation according to claim 7, it is characterised in that according to those actual offsets, to all
The step of MxN pixel correction block is compensated also includes：
According to those the first estimation compensation values of part, the extrapolation computing is carried out, to obtain multiple 3rd estimation compensation values.
9. the method for image compensation according to claim 8, it is characterised in that according to those actual offsets, to all
The step of MxN pixel correction block is compensated also includes：
According to those actual offsets, those the first estimation compensation values, those the second estimation compensation values and those the 3rd estimations
Offset, compensates all MxN pixel correction blocks.
10. the method for image compensation according to claim 7, it is characterised in that according to those actual offsets, to all
The step of MxN pixel correction block is compensated also includes：
According to those the second estimation compensation values, the interpolative operation is carried out, to obtain multiple 3rd estimation compensation values.
The method of 11. image compensations according to claim 10, it is characterised in that according to those actual offsets, to institute
The step of having MxN pixel correction block to compensate also includes：
According to those actual offsets, those the first estimation compensation values, those the second estimation compensation values and those the 3rd estimations
Offset, compensates all MxN pixel correction blocks.
The method of 12. image compensations according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the interpolative operation is transported for bilinear interpolation
Calculate or bi-cubic interpolation computing.
The method of 13. image compensations according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step of splitting the reference picture before
Also include gathering the reference picture.
The method of 14. image compensations according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step of splitting the shooting image before
Also include gathering the shooting image.
The method of 15. image compensations according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the reference picture is a uniform color lump.
A kind of 16. methods of image compensation, it is characterised in that include：
Split a reference picture, to form MxN pixel compensation block；
According to those pixel compensation blocks, in only calculating per J rows, the multiple actual offset per I pixel compensation block, wherein
M, N, I, J are positive integer, and 1≤I≤M and 1≤J≤N, M, N one at least are more than 1；
Store those actual offsets；
Split a shooting image, to form MxN pixel correction block；And
According to those actual offsets, all MxN pixel correction blocks are compensated, wherein corresponding to not storing actual benefit
The pixel correction block of value is repaid, then first according to those actual offsets, is calculated and is obtained its corresponding multiple estimation compensation value, then
Compensate, wherein the step of calculating those actual offsets also includes：
A pixel average of each pixel compensation block is calculated, and makes the pixel average of maximum average for a standard pixel
Value；And
By the standard pixel meansigma methodss divided by those pixel averages obtaining those actual offsets.
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| CN101815158A (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2010-08-25 | 华晶科技股份有限公司 | Compensation method for improving color shadow in digital images |
| US7834921B1 (en) * | 2002-08-16 | 2010-11-16 | Zoran Corporation | Compensation techniques for variations in image field data |
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