CN103373840A - Multi-scale fiber-reinforced high-performance cement-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-scale fiber-reinforced high-performance cement-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-scale fiber-reinforced high-performance cement-based composite material and a preparation method of the multi-scale fiber-reinforced high-performance cement-based composite material, and belongs to the technical field of fiber-reinforced cement-based composite materials. The multi-scale fiber-reinforced high-performance cement-based composite material comprises a base body and a multi-scale fiber system, wherein the base body comprises cement and sand, the multi-scale fiber system comprises steel fibres, polyvinyl alcohol fibers (PVA fibres) and calcium carbonate whiskers, the dosage of the multi-scale fiber system accounts for 2.4-5.6 vol.% of the volume of the fibre-reinforced cement-based material, and the volume ratio of the steel fibres to the PVA fibres to the calcium carbonate whiskers is 1 to (0.1-1.2) to (0.3-5.3). The multi-scale fiber-reinforced high-performance cement-based composite material and the preparation method provided by the invention have the advantages that the manufacturing technique is simple, special equipment is not needed, the multi-scale fiber-reinforced high-performance cement-based composite material is as the same as the common cement-based material, the source of materials is wide, the finished product price is low, the industrialized production is realized, the multi-scale fiber-reinforced high-performance cement-based composite material with different properties is obtained by adjusting the ratio, and the product can be used for manufacturing a cast-in-place structure and a cladding material and also can be prefabricated into a product.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material preparing technical field, relate to a kind of multiple dimensioned fibre-reinforced high performance cement-based composites and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Cement-based material has obvious fragility, traditional fiber reinforced cement-based composite material (FRCC) is although effectively improved the intrinsic high fragility of cement-based material and improved its whole toughness, obvious strain softening behavior and single seam are but arranged or stitch less cracking model, and strain hardening and many seam crackings are the targets that High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement-based Composites is pursued.
The Analysis On Multi-scale Features of cement-based material is determining its microcosmic, is carefully seeing and the performance of macroscopic view, and is reflected in its multiple dimensioned destructive process.The macroscopic fiber of single variety and type can be brought into play obvious bridge linking effect in the macroscopic view cracking stage of material, but can't effectively limit the development of tiny crack.Therefore, it is necessary that design is split in the multiple dimensioned resistance of carrying out multiple dimensioned fiber for the multiple dimensioned destructive process of material, is one of effective means that improves the cement-based material overall performance.
The research that carry out this area, Chinese scholars concentrates on the exploration of different scale fiber reinforced cement-based composite material.Wherein representative in the world is E. Parant and P. Rossi, two people once proposed the concept of " multi-scale fiber reinforced cement sill (MSFRCC) ", and the steel fiber that uses three kinds of different lengthss has made high performance multi-scale fiber reinforced cement sill, studied its fatigure failure behavior, in extreme environment and the failure mechanisms under the weather resistance under the load condition and impact and the fatigue effect, this MSFRCC bill of material has revealed outstanding static state, dynamic properties and weather resistance, and pertinent literature is as follows:
Document 1:Edouard P, Pierre R, Claude B. Fatigue behavior of a multi-scale cement composite [J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2007,37:264-269
Document 2:Edouard P, Pierre R, Fabrice LM. Durability of a multiscale fibre reinforced cement composite in aggressive environment under service load [J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2007,37:1106-1114
Document 3:Pierre R, Edouard P. Damage mechanisms analysis of a multi-scale fibre reinforced cement-based composite subjected to impact and fatigue loading conditions [J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2008,38:4134-4121
Because the fiber that diameter is less is more favourable to the control of tiny crack, only designs the multi-scale fiber reinforced cement sill from fiber length varies, technical needs are further perfect.In addition, total volume of steel fiber has reached 858 kg/m3 (the volume volume is about 11%), and the economy of material also waits pending further consideration; Test used water-cement ratio and be low to moderate 0.16, and there is a large amount of silicon ashes to introduce, this must cause the use of high efficiency water reducing agent and superplasticizer more heavy dose of in the mix process, not only raises production cost, also makes blending craft and mixing quality more complex and is difficult to control.
At home, the polypropylene fibre that the people such as Liang Ninghui have studied different diameter, different lengths mixes uniaxial extension performance and the resistance to cleavage that strengthens concrete material, discovery is than other promiscuous modes, the tensile toughness of multiple dimensioned polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete is best, and has realized stage cracking resistance, the level cracking resistance of concrete material.Pertinent literature is as follows:
Document 4: Liang Ninghui, Liu Xinrong etc. multiple dimensioned polypropylene fiber concrete uniaxial tensile test [J]. University Of Chongqing's journal, 2012,35:80-84
Document 5: Liang Ninghui, Liu Xinrong etc. the experimental study [J] of multiple dimensioned Crack Resistance of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete energy. coal journal, 2012,37:1304-1309
But above-mentioned technology is chosen for multiple dimensioned fiber, does not consider the multiple dimensioned characteristic of cement-based material structure and destructive process; And the characteristics of selected polypropylene fibre low strength, low-elasticity-modulus, high-elongation, and be unfavorable for that transmitting stress by the fiber-bridged crack realizes to the control of tiny crack, macroscopic fracture and to effective enhancing of cement-based material, therefore, its multiple dimensioned polypropylene fibre is very limited for the reinforced effects of concrete material.
Obviously, this is because not enough for the understanding of cement-based material Multi-scale model feature and multiple dimensioned destructive process, lack corresponding method of design and analysis means, do not seek economic, applicable multiple dimensioned filamentary material system, more lack understanding and theoretical method support for the fiber reinforced cement-based composite material optimization design.
The present invention is from the structure Analysis On Multi-scale Features of cement-based material, take its multiple dimensioned destructive process as point of penetration, by the Rational choice fiber, make up multiple dimensioned fiber system, carry out material microstructure design and interface optimization, the final remarkable improvement that realizes the material monolithic performance.The present invention, the gap that shortens with this field international most advanced level for China provides opportunity, and to the capability of independent innovation that improves China's high performance cement-based composites manufacturing technology, satisfy the great demand of China's building field and also have certain realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is based on the multiple dimensioned characteristic of cement-based material constitutional features and destructive process, by fiber is carried out the Multiscale combination optimization design, prepare the high performance cement-based composites (MSFRC) that a kind of multiple dimensioned fiber system that is made of steel fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA) and calcium carbonate crystal whisker strengthens.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of multiple dimensioned fibre-reinforced cement-base composite material, this fiber reinforced cement-based material comprise matrix and multiple dimensioned fiber system, and matrix comprises cement and sand, cement: water: the ratio of sand is 1:0.3 ~ 0.5:0.3 ~ 0.7.Multiple dimensioned fiber system comprises steel fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA fiber) and calcium carbonate crystal whisker, its consumption is the volume percent 2.4 ~ 5.6vol.% of fiber reinforced cement-based material, steel fiber: PVA fiber: the volume ratio of calcium carbonate crystal whisker is 1:0.1 ~ 1.2:0.3 ~ 5.3.
Described cement can adopt ordinary Portland cement.
Described sand can adopt medium sand or have the fine aggregate of similar features.
Further feature, described steel fiber is the general steel fiber of fibrous concrete, length 10-35mm, diameter 0.2-0.55mm,, tensile strength is not less than 2000MPa; Polyvinyl alcohol chopped strand (PVA fiber), length 3-18mm, diameter 30-40 μ m, tensile strength is not less than 1100MPa, and Young's modulus is not less than 41GPa; Calcium carbonate crystal whisker length 20-30 μ m, diameter 0.5-2 μ m, length-to-diameter ratio 15-60, tensile strength 3-6GPa, Young's modulus 410-710GPa.
Further feature is used water reducer, and the mass percent of water reducer and cement is 0.2-0.4%, and water reducer can be naphthalene series high-efficiency water-reducing agent or polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent, can adopt the mode of pulvis or aqua to add.When adding the pulvis water reducer, the pulvis water reducer adds with cement mixing; When adding the aqua water reducer, the adding that is mixed of aqua water reducer and water.
Preparation method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) with cement, sand and calcium carbonate crystal whisker mixing and stirring;
(2) water being added the mixture that stirrer and step (1) obtain stirs together;
(3) polyvinyl alcohol fiber is added in the stirrer stir together;
(4) steel fiber is added in the stirrer stir together;
(5) build moulding: the material after will stirring injects mould, vibrates 60s at shaking table;
(6) demoulding maintenance: first maintenance continues maintenance to more than the 28d to the demoulding, become the finished product.
On above-mentioned preparation method's basis, when using water reducer, when adding the pulvis water reducer, the pulvis water reducer adds with cement mixing; When adding the aqua water reducer, the adding that is mixed of aqua water reducer and water.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) multiple dimensioned fiber can significantly improve the toughness of cement-based material, and intensity and the toughness of body material all are significantly improved; Be conducive to improve the weather resistance performance of material under status under loading, improve safety in utilization.
(2) the MSFRC material has shown sclerosis behavior and many seam cracking models under the bending load effect; The multiple dimensioned action of crack arrest of the performance of multiple dimensioned fiber in the cement-base composite material destructive process.
(3) the present invention not only obtains a kind of high performance cement-base composite material, and has realized utilizing cheap calcium carbonate crystal whisker to replace in right amount the purpose of the higher steel fiber of price and PVA fiber, has reduced the production cost of high performance fiber reinforced cement based composites.
(4) high performance cement-base composite material production technique of the present invention is simple, does not need specific equipment, and basically identical with Portland cement sill etc., material source is extensive, and the finished product price is low, can realize industrialization production.Those skilled in the art can obtain by adjusting proportioning the multi-scale fiber reinforced cement sill of the present invention of different performance.
(5) cast-in-place structural and cladding can be done with this product, also goods can be prefabricated into.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment 2 pliability test span centres zone fracture morphology and distribution situation.
Fig. 2 is embodiment 3 pliability test span centres zone fracture morphology and distribution situation.
Fig. 3 is control sample pliability test span centre zone fracture morphology and distribution situation.
Embodiment
Be described in detail embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with technical scheme and table 1 and accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
In the present embodiment, adopting water cement ratio is 0.3, and aggregate-to-cement ratio is 0.5.Multiple dimensioned fiber system total amount is 2.45 Vol. %, and it constitutes steel fiber: PVA fiber: calcium carbonate crystal whisker=1:0.11:0.30.
Adopt steel fiber without the end crotch, length 13mm, diameter 0.2mm, length-to-diameter ratio 65, tensile strength 2400MPa; Polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA fiber) length 6mm, diameter 31 μ m, tensile strength 1100MPa, Young's modulus are 41GPa; Calcium carbonate crystal whisker length 20-30 μ m, diameter 0.5-2 μ m, length-to-diameter ratio 15-60, tensile strength 3-6GPa, Young's modulus 410-710GPa.
Be prepared by following technique:
(1) with cement, sand and calcium carbonate crystal whisker mixing and stirring (30s);
(2) mixture that water is added stirrer and (1) stir together (60s);
(3) polyvinyl alcohol fiber is added in the stirrer stir together (90s);
(4) steel fiber is added in the stirrer stir together (90s);
(5) build moulding: the material after will stirring injects mould, vibrates 60s at shaking table;
(6) demoulding maintenance: first maintenance continues maintenance to more than the 28d to the demoulding, become the finished product.
The material that present embodiment is made carries out the basic mechanical performance test, and the result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 ultimate compression strength, bending strength, bend ductility test result
| Embodiment | Ultimate compression strength/MPa | Flexural strength/MPa | Bend ductility/(Nm) (Up to 3mm deflection) |
| 1 | 98.6 | 18.10 | 19.824 |
| 2 | 95.1 | 20.21 | 21.010 |
| 3 | 89.3 | 19.92 | 21.407 |
| 4 | 87.4 | 16.02 | 15.923 |
| 5 | 90.75 | 13.94 | 13.063 |
| Control sample | 80.5 | 8.71 | 0.37 |
Embodiment 2
In the present embodiment, adopting water cement ratio is 0.3, and aggregate-to-cement ratio is 0.5.Multiple dimensioned fiber system total amount is 2.9Vol. %, and it constitutes steel fiber: PVA fiber: calcium carbonate crystal whisker=1:0.27:0.67.Aqua high efficiency water reducing agent consumption is 0.25%
Adopt steel fiber without the end crotch, length 13mm, diameter 0.2mm, length-to-diameter ratio 65, tensile strength 2400MPa; Polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA fiber) length 6mm, diameter 31 μ m, tensile strength 1100MPa, Young's modulus are 41GPa; Calcium carbonate crystal whisker length 20-30 μ m, diameter 0.5-2 μ m, length-to-diameter ratio 15-60, tensile strength 3-6GPa, Young's modulus 410-710GPa.
Be prepared by following technique:
(1) with cement, sand and calcium carbonate crystal whisker mixing and stirring (30s);
(2) mixture that water and aqua high efficiency water reducing agent is added stirrer and (1) stir together (60s);
(3) polyvinyl alcohol fiber is added in the stirrer stir together (90s);
(4) steel fiber is added in the stirrer stir together (90s);
(5) build moulding: the material after will stirring injects mould, vibrates 60s at shaking table;
(6) demoulding maintenance: first maintenance continues maintenance to more than the 28d to the demoulding, become the finished product.
The material that present embodiment is made carries out the basic mechanical performance test, and the result is shown in table 1 accompanying drawing 1.
Embodiment 3
In the present embodiment, adopting water cement ratio is 0.3, and aggregate-to-cement ratio is 0.5.Multiple dimensioned fiber system total amount is 3.8Vol. %, and it constitutes steel fiber: PVA fiber: calcium carbonate crystal whisker=1:0.44:1.6.Pulvis high efficiency water reducing agent consumption is 0.35%.
Adopt steel fiber without the end crotch, length 13mm, diameter 0.2mm, length-to-diameter ratio 65, tensile strength 2400MPa; Polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA fiber) length 6mm, diameter 31 μ m, tensile strength 1100MPa, Young's modulus are 41GPa; Calcium carbonate crystal whisker length 20-30 μ m, diameter 0.5-2 μ m, length-to-diameter ratio 15-60, tensile strength 3-6GPa, Young's modulus 410-710GPa.
Be prepared by following technique:
(1) with cement, sand, pulvis high efficiency water reducing agent and calcium carbonate crystal whisker mixing and stirring (30s);
(2) mixture that water is added stirrer and (1) stir together (60s);
(3) polyvinyl alcohol fiber is added in the stirrer stir together (90s);
(4) steel fiber is added in the stirrer stir together (90s);
(5) build moulding: the material after will stirring injects mould, vibrates 60s at shaking table;
(6) demoulding maintenance: first maintenance continues maintenance to more than the 28d to the demoulding, become the finished product.
The material that present embodiment is made carries out the basic mechanical performance test, and the result is shown in table 1 and accompanying drawing 2.
Embodiment 4
In the present embodiment, adopting water cement ratio is 0.3, and aggregate-to-cement ratio is 0.5.Multiple dimensioned fiber system total amount is 4.7Vol. %, and it constitutes steel fiber: PVA fiber: calcium carbonate crystal whisker=1:0.7:3.0.Pulvis high efficiency water reducing agent consumption is 0.4%.
Adopt steel fiber without the end crotch, length 13mm, diameter 0.2mm, length-to-diameter ratio 65, tensile strength 2400MPa; Polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA fiber) length 6mm, diameter 31 μ m, tensile strength 1100MPa, Young's modulus are 41GPa; Calcium carbonate crystal whisker length 20-30 μ m, diameter 0.5-2 μ m, length-to-diameter ratio 15-60, tensile strength 3-6GPa, Young's modulus 410-710GPa.
Be prepared by following technique:
(1) with cement, sand, pulvis high efficiency water reducing agent and calcium carbonate crystal whisker mixing and stirring (30s);
(2) mixture that water is added stirrer and (1) stir together (60s);
(3) polyvinyl alcohol fiber is added in the stirrer stir together (90s);
(4) steel fiber is added in the stirrer stir together (90s);
(5) build moulding: the material after will stirring injects mould, vibrates 60s at shaking table;
(6) demoulding maintenance: first maintenance continues maintenance to more than the 28d to the demoulding, become the finished product.
The material that present embodiment is made carries out the basic mechanical performance test, and the result is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 5
In the present embodiment, adopting water cement ratio is 0.3, and aggregate-to-cement ratio is 0.5.Multiple dimensioned fiber system total amount is 5.6Vol. %, and it constitutes steel fiber: PVA fiber: calcium carbonate crystal whisker=1:1.1:5.3.Aqua high efficiency water reducing agent consumption is 0.4%.
Adopt steel fiber without the end crotch, length 13mm, diameter 0.2mm, length-to-diameter ratio 65, tensile strength 2400MPa; Polyvinyl alcohol fiber (PVA fiber) length 6mm, diameter 31 μ m, tensile strength 1100MPa, Young's modulus are 41GPa; Calcium carbonate crystal whisker length 20-30 μ m, diameter 0.5-2 μ m, length-to-diameter ratio 15-60, tensile strength 3-6GPa, Young's modulus 410-710GPa.
Be prepared by following technique:
(1) with cement, sand and calcium carbonate crystal whisker mixing and stirring (30s);
(2) mixture that water and aqua high efficiency water reducing agent is added stirrer and (1) stir together (60s);
(3) polyvinyl alcohol fiber is added in the stirrer stir together (90s);
(4) steel fiber is added in the stirrer stir together (90s);
(5) build moulding: the material after will stirring injects mould, vibrates 60s at shaking table;
(6) demoulding maintenance: first maintenance continues maintenance to more than the 28d to the demoulding, become the finished product.
The material that present embodiment is made carries out the basic mechanical performance test, and the result is as shown in table 1.
Control sample is the sample of 2% steel fiber for an admixture volume percent in the table 1, and namely adopting water cement ratio is 0.3, and aggregate-to-cement ratio is 0.5, and the admixture volume percent is the material of 2% steel fiber preparation.Data in the synopsis, the introducing of multiple dimensioned fiber have significantly improved resistance to compression and the bending strength of material, and wherein embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 improve respectively nearly 130% and 120%.The bend ductility of control group test specimen only is 0.37Nm, and the bend ductility of multiple dimensioned fiber test specimen exceeds far away, embodiment 3 most pronounced effects.
Fig. 1-3 is respectively embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and control sample span centre zone (40*40 mm in pliability test
2) fracture morphology and distribution situation.As seen, control sample shows single seam cracking model.And the test specimen of embodiment 2 and 3 shows obvious hardening phenomenon, demonstrates typical many seam cracking models, has proved the multi-scale enhancement effect of multiple dimensioned fiber in the multiple dimensioned destructive process of cement-based material.
Claims (9)
1. multiple dimensioned fibre-reinforced high performance cement-based composites, it is characterized in that, this fibre-reinforced cement-base composite material comprises matrix and multiple dimensioned fiber system, and matrix comprises cement and sand, cement: water: the ratio of sand is 1:0.3 ~ 0.5:0.3 ~ 0.7.Multiple dimensioned fiber system comprises steel fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber and calcium carbonate crystal whisker, its consumption is 2.4 ~ 5.6 vol.% of fiber reinforced cement-based material volume percent, steel fiber: PVA fiber: the volume ratio of calcium carbonate crystal whisker is 1:0.1 ~ 1.2:0.3 ~ 5.3.
2. fibre-reinforced cement-base composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cement adopts ordinary Portland cement; Described sand adopts medium sand or has the fine aggregate of similar features.
3. fibre-reinforced cement-base composite material according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described steel fiber is the general steel fiber of fibrous concrete, length 10-35mm, and diameter 0.2-0.55mm, tensile strength is not less than 2000MPa; Described polyvinyl alcohol chopped strand, length 3-18mm, diameter 30-40 μ m, tensile strength is not less than 1100MPa, and Young's modulus is not less than 41GPa; Described calcium carbonate crystal whisker length 20-30 μ m, diameter 0.5-2 μ m, length-to-diameter ratio 15-60, tensile strength 3-6GPa, Young's modulus 410-710GPa.
4. fibre-reinforced cement-base composite material according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, above-mentioned fibre-reinforced cement-base composite material also comprises water reducer, and the mass percent of water reducer and cement is 0.2-0.4%; Described water reducer is naphthalene series high-efficiency water-reducing agent or polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent.
5. fibre-reinforced cement-base composite material according to claim 3 is characterized in that, above-mentioned fibre-reinforced cement-base composite material also comprises water reducer, and the mass percent of water reducer and cement is 0.2-0.4%; Described water reducer is naphthalene series high-efficiency water-reducing agent or polycarboxylic acid series high efficiency water reducing agent.
6. the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 arbitrary described fibre-reinforced cement-base composite materials, its feature may further comprise the steps:
(1) with cement, sand and calcium carbonate crystal whisker mixing and stirring;
(2) water being added the mixture that stirrer and step (1) obtain stirs together;
(3) polyvinyl alcohol fiber is added in the stirrer stir together;
(4) steel fiber is added in the stirrer stir together;
(5) build moulding: the material after will stirring injects mould, vibrates 60s at shaking table;
(6) demoulding maintenance: first maintenance continues maintenance to more than the 28d to the demoulding, become the finished product.
7. the preparation method of fibre-reinforced cement-base composite material claimed in claim 3, its feature may further comprise the steps:
(1) with cement, sand and calcium carbonate crystal whisker mixing and stirring;
(2) water being added the mixture that stirrer and step (1) obtain stirs together;
(3) polyvinyl alcohol fiber is added in the stirrer stir together;
(4) steel fiber is added in the stirrer stir together;
(5) build moulding: the material after will stirring injects mould, vibrates 60s at shaking table;
(6) demoulding maintenance: first maintenance continues maintenance to more than the 28d to the demoulding, become the finished product.
8. the preparation method of fibre-reinforced cement-base composite material claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that,
(1) with cement, sand and calcium carbonate crystal whisker mixing and stirring;
(2) water and water reducer being added the mixture that stirrer and step (1) obtain stirs together; Water reducer adopts the mode of pulvis or aqua to add: when adding the pulvis water reducer, the pulvis water reducer adds with cement mixing; When adding the aqua water reducer, the adding that is mixed of aqua water reducer and water;
(3) polyvinyl alcohol fiber is added in the stirrer stir together;
(4) steel fiber is added in the stirrer stir together;
(5) build moulding: the material after will stirring injects mould, vibrates 60s at shaking table.
9. the preparation method of fibre-reinforced cement-base composite material claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that,
(1) with cement, sand and calcium carbonate crystal whisker mixing and stirring;
(2) water and water reducer being added the mixture that stirrer and step (1) obtain stirs together; Water reducer adopts the mode of pulvis or aqua to add: when adding the pulvis water reducer, the pulvis water reducer adds with cement mixing; When adding the aqua water reducer, the adding that is mixed of aqua water reducer and water;
(3) polyvinyl alcohol fiber is added in the stirrer stir together;
(4) steel fiber is added in the stirrer stir together;
(5) build moulding: the material after will stirring injects mould, vibrates 60s at shaking table.
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