CN103369203B - Color calibration method and image processing apparatus - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of color calibration method and image processing apparatus, for producing a correcting image according to an original image.Wherein original image includes multiple pixel, and each pixel contains at least one color value.The method comprises: according to a correction function, these color values are converted to multiple function color value; According to a look-up table, these color values are converted to multiple color value of tabling look-up.The method also comprises: function color value and color value of tabling look-up are synthesized multiple correction of color value; And, produce above-mentioned correcting image according to these correction of color values.Whereby, the storage space stored needed for this look-up table can be reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the technology about a kind of color correction, and particularly about a kind of color calibration method and the image processing apparatus that use look-up table and correction function.
Background technology
Along with the technological progress making photo-sensitive cell and camera lens, many devices can both obtain image or video on the market.Such as, except camera, notebook computer, mobile phone and panel computer are all often equipped with the device that can obtain image.And the color presenting acquisition image how on such devices can be correct is a matter of great account feelings.But, because camera is not quite similar to the light sensing of different wave length and the induction of human eye, therefore need the method by image procossing to correct the color of obtained image, to make up the deficiency of photo-sensitive cell.In general, it is the color that human eye is correctly responded to by color conversion that the technology in order to correction of color comprises use look-up table (lookuptable), or or even is converted to more saturated color to meet the hobby of people.Look-up table is according to a color as index value, and behind the position finding this index value corresponding in look-up table, obtains the correction of color that this position stores.
But because the color gamut obtaining image may be very large, the storage space making to store look-up table may be very large.For coloured image, R, G, B tri-colors may be the numerical value of 0 to 255.That is, the index value being used for searching look-up table contains three colors, and the scope that therefore index value is possible includes the different numerical value of 256x256x256 kind.And the storage space of each index value corresponding also should store three colors (R, G, B) in look-up table, this makes the storage space needed for look-up table very large, in some applications and do not meet demand.Therefore, in general also the dimension of index value can be reduced, such as, the scope of index value is reduced to the different numerical value of 33*33*33 kind, and produce the color that should correct by the mode of interpolation.But the method for this interpolation can make the color corrected produce error.Therefore, propose a kind of how can minimizing and store storage space needed for look-up table, and reduce the method for color correction error simultaneously, for this reason the subject under discussion be concerned about of those skilled in the art.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of color calibration method and image processing apparatus, the storage space stored needed for look-up table can be reduced, and reduce the error of color correction simultaneously.
The invention provides a kind of color calibration method, for an image processing apparatus and according to an original image to produce a correcting image.Wherein original image contains multiple pixel, and each pixel contains at least one color value.This color calibration method comprises: according to a correction function, above-mentioned color value is converted to multiple function color value; According to the first look-up table, color value is converted to multiple color value of tabling look-up.This color calibration method also comprises: function color value and color value of tabling look-up are synthesized multiple correction of color value; And produce correcting image according to these correction of color values.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned step color value being converted to color value of tabling look-up according to the first look-up table can be replaced by: according to a second look-up table, above-mentioned function color value is converted to above-mentioned color value of tabling look-up.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned the step that function color value and color value of tabling look-up synthesize correction of color value also to be comprised: color value of will tabling look-up is multiplied by a default multiplying power to table look-up color value to produce multiple multiplying power, and this default multiplying power is a real number; Further, color value of being tabled look-up with multiplying power respectively by these function color values is added to produce above-mentioned correction of color value.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned second look-up table includes multiple offset, and each offset corresponds to an index value.Wherein according to second look-up table, the step that function color value is converted to color value of tabling look-up also is comprised: whether discriminant function color value exceedes the scope of these index values; And, if function color value exceedes the scope of index value, then by the color value of tabling look-up that the function color value exceeding index value scope is converted to, be set as the offset corresponding to a border index value in index value.
From another one angle, the invention provides a kind of image processing apparatus, comprise image acquisition unit, graphics processing unit and output and display unit.Wherein, image acquisition unit obtains an original image, and this original image contains multiple pixel, and each pixel comprises at least one color value.Graphics processing unit is coupled to image acquisition unit, in order to according to original image to produce a correcting image.Output and display unit are coupled to graphics processing unit, in order to export above-mentioned correcting image.Wherein, these color values also in order to color value is converted to multiple function color value according to a correction function, and are converted to multiple color value of tabling look-up according to the first look-up table by graphics processing unit.Graphics processing unit also in order to function color value and color value of tabling look-up are synthesized multiple correction of color value, and produces above-mentioned correcting image according to these correction of color values.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned graphics processing unit is also multiplied by one in order to color value of tabling look-up to be preset multiplying power and to table look-up color value to produce multiple multiplying power, and this default multiplying power is a real number.Graphics processing unit is also added to produce above-mentioned correction of color value in order to color value of being tabled look-up with multiplying power respectively by these function color values.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned graphics processing unit is also in order to be converted to above-mentioned color value of tabling look-up according to a second look-up table by above-mentioned function color value.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned second look-up table includes multiple offset, and each offset corresponds to an index value.Graphics processing unit is also in order to judge whether above-mentioned function color value exceedes the scope of these index values.If function color value exceedes the scope of index value, then the color value of tabling look-up that is converted to by the function color value exceeding index value scope of graphics processing unit, is set as the offset corresponding to a border index value in index value.
In one embodiment of this invention, above-mentioned color value, index value, all to comprise with offset represents red, green and blue numerical value.
Based on above-mentioned, the color calibration method that the embodiment of the present invention provides and image processing apparatus, first can do overall correction according to correction function by color, and then the fine setting in the portion that runs business into particular one according to look-up table.In addition, the output of look-up table can also be multiplied by a default multiplying power.Whereby, the storage space storing look-up table can be reduced, and reduce the error of color correction.
For above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention can be become apparent, special embodiment below, and coordinate accompanying drawing to be described in detail below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the functional schematic of the image processing apparatus illustrated according to an embodiment;
The calcspar of image processing apparatus of Fig. 2 for illustrating according to an embodiment;
Fig. 3 is the graphics processing unit computing schematic flow sheet illustrated according to the first embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the rough schematic that the look-up table illustrated according to the first embodiment operates;
Fig. 5 is the color calibration method flow chart illustrated according to the first embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the graphics processing unit computing schematic flow sheet illustrated according to the second embodiment;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that the function color value illustrated according to the second embodiment exceedes index value scope;
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of the color calibration method illustrated according to the second embodiment.
Description of reference numerals:
100: image processing apparatus;
120: original image;
140: correcting image;
220: image acquisition unit;
240: graphics processing unit;
260: export and display unit;
302: color value;
304: correction function;
306: function color value;
308,602: color value of tabling look-up;
310,604: correction of color value;
320,600: look-up table;
400,702: pixel;
402: cube;
S502, S504, S506, S508, S802, S804, S806, S808: the step of color calibration method;
704: border index value.
Embodiment
First embodiment
Fig. 1 is the functional schematic of the image processing apparatus illustrated according to an embodiment.
Please refer to Fig. 1, the present embodiment proposes a kind of image processing apparatus 100, in order to produce a correcting image 140 according to an original image 120.Original image 120 is the images obtained by an image acquisition equipment, color wherein and do not meet human eye induction color.Such as, in original image 120, possibility red color components is too many, or green components is too many.And the color of correcting image 140 is the colors comparatively meeting human eye induction, or more saturated color is to meet the hobby of people.Image processing apparatus 100 make use of a correction function and a look-up table (lookuptable) produces correcting image 140, and can reduce the storage space storing look-up table.In the present embodiment, image processing apparatus 100 is a digital code camera.But image processing apparatus 100 also can be smart mobile phone, and panel computer or PC, the present invention is also not subject to the limits.
The calcspar of image processing apparatus of Fig. 2 for illustrating according to an embodiment.Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, image processing apparatus 100 includes image acquisition unit 220, graphics processing unit 240 and exports and display unit 260.
Image acquisition unit 220 obtains original image 120.Such as, image acquisition unit 220 is the devices containing camera lens, aperture, shutter and photo-sensitive cell.
Output and display unit 260 are in order to output calibration image 140.Such as, output and display unit 260 are a display floater, in order to show correcting image 140.But output and display unit 260 also can be input and output (input/output, an I/O) device, and correcting image 140 is exported to other device (not illustrating), the present invention is also not subject to the limits.
Graphics processing unit 240 is coupled to image acquisition unit 220 and exports and display unit 260, in order to correct the color of original image 120, and produces correcting image 140.Such as, graphics processing unit 240 is a central processing unit (centralprocessingunit, CPU).But graphics processing unit also can be microprocessor (microprocessor) or Application Specific Integrated Circuit (Application-specificintegratedcircuit, ASIC), and the present invention is also not subject to the limits.
Specifically, original image 120 includes multiple pixel, and each pixel comprises at least one color value.In the present embodiment, original image 120 is coloured image, and above-mentioned color value is the numerical value of representative redness, green and blue channel (channel), and each color value represents with 8 bits (bit).But in other embodiments, above-mentioned color value also can be the numerical value of Y, Cb, Cr passage, and each color value can represent with more or less bit, and the present invention is also not subject to the limits.In the present embodiment, graphics processing unit 240 is by the color value of original image 120 simultaneously through the computing of correction function and look-up table, and the result of these two computings is synthesized correcting image 140.
Fig. 3 is the graphics processing unit computing schematic flow sheet illustrated according to the first embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the color value 302 of pixels all in original image 120, according to correction function 304, is converted to multiple function color value 306 by graphics processing unit 240.This correction function 304 is in order to color value 302 to be done overall adjustment, makes color value 302 meet the color of human eye induction.Such as, include the part of a sky in original image 120, and due to the factor of photo-sensitive cell, make the part red color components of sky too many, entirety seems can inclined purple.Now, correction function 304 just can be set to reduce composition red in color value 302, makes the color of sky meet the color of human eye induction.It should be noted that correction function 304 does overall adjustment, that is can do the same process for pixel each in original image 120.Specifically, correction function 304 is that the color value 302 corresponding to a pixel is used as input, and that is, an input of correction function 304 is the numerical value representing R, G, B tri-colors.And graphics processing unit 240 is by these three color-set inputted, and to synthesize a dimension be the vector of 3, represent the vector that three color values form, wherein R, G at this with (R, G, B), B is respectively and represents numerical value that is red, green and blueness.On the other hand, correction function 304 is designed to a matrix, and the dimension of this matrix is 3x3.The vector of input is multiplied by this matrix by graphics processing unit 240 just can produce function color value 306 later.Therefore, the function color value 306 exported is dimensions is the vector of 3, wherein contains three numerical value representing R, G, B respectively.In the present embodiment, correction function 304 is matrixes, which includes 9 parameters.But in other embodiments, correction function can be designed as multinomial (polynomial) computing or exponent arithmetic, the present invention does not limit algorithm and the number of parameters wherein of this correction function 304.
As mentioned above, correction function 304 does overall adjustment, with the example of above-mentioned sky, graphics processing unit 240 is except reducing the red color components of sky, also the red color components of other parts can be reduced (such as, the red color components of a meadow part can be lowered).Therefore, graphics processing unit 240 also does the adjustment in thin portion with a look-up table 320.
Fig. 4 is the rough schematic that the look-up table illustrated according to the first embodiment operates.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.Graphics processing unit 240 first obtains a pixel 400 from original image 120, and the color value of this pixel 400 is the vector of (132,179,231).Graphics processing unit 240 finds corresponding index value according to this pixel 400 again from look-up table 320.Index value is the position representing look-up table 320, and in the example of coloured image, an index value includes R, G, B tri-color values.Further, the position in look-up table 320 representated by each index value comprises an offset, and this offset is the color after correcting.Such as, if the offset in the position represented by index value (64,64,64) is (-1,0,2), if the color value just representing input pixel is (64,64,64), then this input pixel needs the color synthesize correction with (-1,0,2) after.It should be noted that because the storage space in order to store look-up table 320 is limited, therefore index value may be passed through and be quantized.Such as, look-up table comprises (0,32,0) and the index value of (0,64,0), but if the color value of the pixel inputted is (0,50,0), just needs through interpolation to calculate result.In other words, include multiple offset in look-up table 320, each offset comprises R, G, B tri-numerical value and is a corresponding index value, and an index value also comprises R, G, B tri-numerical value.Base this, after look-up table 320 is represented as three-dimensional matrix, a pixel 400 can by a locus in correspondence so far look-up table 320.Therefore, graphics processing unit 240 can find 8 index values according to the locus of pixel 400, and these 8 index values can form a cube 402, in order to represent the scope belonging to pixel 400.Graphics processing unit 240, again according to this cube 402, finds the offset corresponding to above-mentioned 8 index values, and according to the position of pixel 400 in cube 402, and interpolation goes out to table look-up color value 308.For example, the vector that what the interpolation corresponding to pixel 400 went out table look-up color value is (-10 ,-29,14).
It should be noted that therefore wherein stored offset scope can't be very large because look-up table 320 is the adjustment in the portion of running business into particular one.Such as, R, G, B that the offset in look-up table 320 comprises tri-numerical value are between-32 to 31, and therefore each numerical value only needs to represent with 6 bits.Thus, the storage space stored needed for look-up table can just be saved.
Graphics processing unit 240 is also in order to synthesize correction of color value 310 by the function color value 306 of acquisition with color value 308 of tabling look-up.Such as, graphics processing unit 240 is added to obtain correction of color value 310 respectively with color value 308 of tabling look-up by function color value 306.Specifically, three function color values 306 corresponding to a pixel can be expressed as the vector (representing R, G, B respectively) of (80,100,120).And three color values 308 of tabling look-up corresponding to this pixel are the vector of (5,10,15).Therefore, after being added with color value 308 of tabling look-up respectively by function color value 306, the correction of color value 310 obtained is the vector of (85,110,135).Then, graphics processing unit 240 just produces correcting image 140 according to correction of color value 310.
In other embodiments, color value 308 of tabling look-up also can be multiplied by a default multiplying power by graphics processing unit 240 to table look-up color value to produce multiplying power, and color value function color value 306 of multiplying power being tabled look-up is added to produce correction of color value 310.Wherein presetting multiplying power is a real number (realnumber).Such as, default multiplying power is 2, just the scope of offset in look-up table 320 can be amplified twice thus.In other embodiments, be first the offset designed is stored to look-up table 320 again after 2, when offset reads out from look-up table 320 by graphics processing unit 240, be multiplied by 2 again.Thus, when designed offset scope is between-32 to 31, offset scope stored in look-up table is between-16 to 15, and only needs 5 bits to store these offsets.Although the offset designed can be reduced the precision of color value 308 of tabling look-up divided by the method that 2 are stored to look-up table 320 afterwards again, the size of look-up table 320 further can be reduced.Although this default multiplying power is a real number, user can according to needing the numerical value designing this default multiplying power, and the present invention does not limit the numerical value of default multiplying power.
A kind of method of color correction is also provided in the present embodiment.Fig. 5 is the color calibration method flow chart illustrated according to the first embodiment.
Please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, in step S502, color value is converted to function color value according to a correction function by graphics processing unit 240.In step S504, color value is converted to color value of tabling look-up according to a look-up table by graphics processing unit 240.In step S506, function color value and color value of tabling look-up are synthesized correction of color value by graphics processing unit 240.Last in step S508, graphics processing unit 240 produces a correcting image according to correction of color value.But in Fig. 5, each step is to describe in detail as above, just repeats no more at this.
Second embodiment
There is provided a kind of image processing apparatus in the present embodiment, its structure is identical with the image processing apparatus 100 in the first embodiment.The present embodiment difference is that the flow process producing correcting image 140 according to original image 120 is not identical with the first embodiment.
Fig. 6 is the graphics processing unit computing schematic flow sheet illustrated according to the second embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 6, color value 302 is first converted to function color value 306 according to correction function 304 by graphics processing unit 240.Then according to look-up table 600, function color value 306 is converted to color value 602 of tabling look-up.Wherein the computing of correction function 304 describes in detail in the first embodiment, just repeats no more at this.Specifically, be using the input of function color value 306 as look-up table 600 in the present embodiment.Look-up table 320 in the structure of look-up table 600 and the first embodiment is similar.That is, look-up table 600 includes multiple offset, and each offset comprises R, G, B tri-numerical value and is a corresponding index value, and an index value also comprises R, G, B tri-numerical value.When look-up table 600 is represented as a three-dimensional matrix, namely each index value corresponds to an element on three-dimensional matrice, and each element contains an offset (that is, R, G, B tri-numerical value).Therefore, a pixel can by a locus (as shown in Figure 4) in correspondence so far look-up table 600.Specifically, in the present embodiment due to the input of look-up table 600, function color value 306, have passed through the computing of correction function 304.Therefore, function color value 306 may exceed the scope of index value in look-up table 600.
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that the function color value illustrated according to the second embodiment exceedes index value scope.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, when look-up table 600 is represented as a three-dimensional matrix, the index value of look-up table 600 can define the scope of this matrix.Scope only within index value, just has corresponding offset.When pixel 702 exceeds the scope of these index values, graphics processing unit 240 just cannot find the offset corresponding to pixel 702, also just cannot to table look-up color value 602 to produce by interpolation offset.Therefore, graphics processing unit 240 can judge whether pixel 702 exceedes the scope of index value in look-up table 600, if so, then using color value of tabling look-up that the border offset corresponding to a border index value 704 is converted to as pixel 702.Such as, the function color value included by pixel 702 is (150,200,300).Wherein represent the numerical value (300) of B color beyond the scope (maximum index value scope is 255) of look-up table 600.Therefore, graphics processing unit 240 can find corresponding border index value 704, and this border index value 704 is (150,200,255).The color value of tabling look-up that offset corresponding to this border index value 704 can be converted to as the function color value included by pixel 702 by graphics processing unit 240.In the present embodiment, border index value 704 is in three-dimensional space, near one of pixel 702 in the index value of look-up table 600.But in other embodiments, border index value 704 also can other index value, and the present invention is not subject to the limits.
Then, color value 602 function color value 306 of tabling look-up just can be synthesized correction of color value 604 by graphics processing unit 240.In one embodiment, graphics processing unit 240 color value 602 of also tabling look-up is multiplied by one and presets multiplying power and to table look-up color value to produce multiplying power, and by function color value 306 respectively therewith multiplying power to table look-up color value addition, to produce correction of color value 604.But this default multiplying power is identical with the first embodiment with the mode producing correction of color value 604, just repeats no more at this.
A kind of color calibration method is also provided in the present embodiment.Fig. 8 is the flow chart of the color calibration method illustrated according to the second embodiment.
Please refer to Fig. 8.In step S802, according to a correction function, color value is converted to function color value.In step S804, according to a look-up table, function color value is converted to color value of tabling look-up.In step S806, function color value and color value of tabling look-up are synthesized correction of color value.Last in step S808, produce a correcting image according to correction of color value.Wherein step S802, step S806, step S808 are identical with step S502, step S506, step S508 respectively.In Fig. 8, each step has described in detail as above, just repeats no more at this.
In sum, the image processing apparatus that the embodiment of the present invention provides and color calibration method, can use correction function simultaneously or stage by stage and look-up table.Wherein correction function is in order to do overall adjustment, and look-up table is run business into particular one the adjustment in portion.The storage space storing look-up table can be reduced whereby, and reduce the error of color correction.
Last it is noted that above each embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to foregoing embodiments to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein some or all of technical characteristic; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (8)
1. a color calibration method, it is characterized in that according to an original image to produce a correcting image for an image processing apparatus, this original image includes multiple pixel, each those pixel comprises at least one color value, and the method comprises:
According to a correction function, those color values are converted to multiple function color value;
According to one first look-up table, those color values are converted to multiple color value of tabling look-up;
Those function color values and those color values of tabling look-up are synthesized multiple correction of color value; And
This correcting image is produced according to those correction of color values,
Wherein the step that those function color values and those color values of tabling look-up synthesize those correction of color values is comprised:
Color value of those being tabled look-up is multiplied by one to be preset multiplying power and to table look-up color value to produce multiple multiplying power, and wherein this default multiplying power is a real number; And
Color value of being tabled look-up with those multiplying powers respectively by those function color values is added to produce those correction of color values.
2. color calibration method according to claim 1, wherein can be replaced by according to the step that those color values to be converted to those color values of tabling look-up by this first look-up table:
According to a second look-up table, those function color values are converted to multiple color value of tabling look-up.
3. color calibration method according to claim 2, this second look-up table includes multiple offset, each those offset corresponds to an index value, wherein the step that those function color values are converted to those color values of tabling look-up comprised according to this second look-up table:
Judge whether those function color values exceed the scope of those index values; And
If those function color values exceed the scope of those index values, then by those color values of tabling look-up that those function color values exceeding those index value scopes are converted to, be set as this offset corresponding to a border index value in those index values.
4. color calibration method according to claim 3, wherein those color values, those index values, all to comprise with those offsets represents red, green and blue numerical value.
5. an image processing apparatus, is characterized in that, comprising:
One image acquisition unit, in order to obtain an original image, this original image comprises multiple pixel, and each those pixel comprises at least one color value;
One graphics processing unit, is coupled to this image acquisition unit, in order to according to this original image to produce a correcting image; And
One exports and display unit, is coupled to this graphics processing unit, in order to export this correcting image;
Wherein, this graphics processing unit is also in order to be converted to multiple function color value according to a correction function by those color values;
Wherein, this graphics processing unit is also in order to be converted to multiple color value of tabling look-up according to one first look-up table by those color values;
Wherein, this graphics processing unit also in order to those function color values and those color values of tabling look-up are synthesized multiple correction of color value, and produces this correcting image according to those correction of color values,
Wherein this graphics processing unit is also multiplied by one in order to color value of those being tabled look-up and presets multiplying power and to table look-up color value to produce multiple multiplying power, wherein this default multiplying power is a real number, and this graphics processing unit is also added to produce those correction of color values in order to color value of being tabled look-up with those multiplying powers respectively by those function color values.
6. image processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein this graphics processing unit is also in order to be converted to those color values of tabling look-up according to a second look-up table by those function color values.
7. image processing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein this second look-up table includes multiple offset, each those offset corresponds to an index value, this graphics processing unit is also in order to judge whether those function color values exceed the scope of those index values, if those function color values exceed the scope of those index values, then those color values of tabling look-up of being converted to by those function color values exceeding those index value scopes of this graphics processing unit, are set as this offset corresponding to a border index value in those index values.
8. image processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein those color values, those index values, all to comprise with those offsets represents red, green and blue numerical value.
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