CN103361550A - 模拟焊后热处理性能优良的q370容器钢及生产方法 - Google Patents
模拟焊后热处理性能优良的q370容器钢及生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103361550A CN103361550A CN2013103048953A CN201310304895A CN103361550A CN 103361550 A CN103361550 A CN 103361550A CN 2013103048953 A CN2013103048953 A CN 2013103048953A CN 201310304895 A CN201310304895 A CN 201310304895A CN 103361550 A CN103361550 A CN 103361550A
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001603 reducing Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
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- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium Chemical compound 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[Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissues Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum nitride Chemical compound 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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
模拟焊后热处理性能优良的Q370容器钢，其组分及重量百分比含量为：C:0.15～0.18、Si：0.25～0.50、Mn:1.20～1.60、P:≤0.020、S:≤0.010、Nb：0.015～0.040、V：0.020～0.060、Als：0.025～0.040；生产方法：转炉冶炼并连铸成坯；对铸坯加热；分两阶段进行控轧；进行控冷工艺；进行热处理；待用。本发明在满足屈服强度大于370MPa的前提下，具有优良焊后热模拟性能以及良好的塑性、低温冲击韧性、高温拉伸性能和Z向拉伸性能，且工艺简单，易于控制，适用生产钢板厚度≥60~100mm工艺简单。
Description
模拟焊后热处理性能优良的Q370容器钢及生产方法技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及冶金领域的低合金压力容器钢，特别是一种具有优良模拟焊后热处理性能的370MPa级压力容器特厚钢板及其制造方法，确切地使用生产钢板厚度彡60mm〜100mm、屈服强度370MPa级、具有优良模拟焊后热处理性能的压力容器钢板及生产方法。
背景技术
[0002] 锅炉和压力容器用钢板是国民经济建设中一类重要的钢铁材料，普遍应用于工业与民用锅炉、化工原料储罐、石油和液化天然气储罐等承压容器方面。特别是随着经济发展和能源需求的日益紧张，作为战略物资的石油天然气储备量成为衡量各国经济持续发展能力的指标之一，我国也在陆续建设大型的石油和液化天然气储罐，由此带来对常温、低温环境下的锅炉和压力容器用钢板的需求量日渐增长。而Q370R具有优良的综合性能，其强度和韧性优于Q345R，焊接性能与Q345R相近,化学成分和工艺简单，成本与国外同性能材料相比要低很多，用于大型液化石油气罐时比较理想的。
[0003] 从目前特厚板生产的方式来讲，除了采用原有的锻造法之外，还有比较流行的连铸法。但是连铸生产受技术条件的限制无法生产厚度过大的特厚板，目前世界上最大的转炉连铸板坯厚度为390mm，由于转炉连铸坯内部偏析和压缩比的限制，只能生产厚度小于IOOmm的特厚板。而Q370R因为需求及探伤等问题，国内大量生产厚度小于60_的钢板。
[0004] 目前国内生产超过60mm厚压力容器钢Q370R钢板的厂家较少，同时IOOmm的Q370R市场供应量几乎没有；如果依赖进口，不仅价格贵，而且进货周期长，无法保证工程的正常运行。如果能生产特厚规格不仅探伤合格而且性能优异的压力容器钢Q370R钢板，则对企业实现差异化战略，增强企业竞争力具有十分重要的意义。
[0005] 经检索，中国专利号为CN101713044A的专利文献，其公开了“一种Q370R压力容器用钢及其制备方法”，质量百分比的化学成分(单位:wt%)C:0.14〜0.18、S1:0.25〜0.50、Mn:1.45 〜1.60、P: ( 0.020、S:彡 0.015、Nb:0.28 〜0.45，余量为 Fe 和不可避免的杂质。同时还公开了一种Q370R压力容器用钢的制备方法。该文献虽然优化了组分配比和热处理工艺，在拉伸强度和屈服强度符合标准GB713-2008的基础上，提高了低温冲击韧性，在_27°C冲击功大于200J，最高可达304J，但存在由于Nb加入较高，会导致稳定生产较差，且增加了冶炼成本。该方法加热工艺中需焖钢I小时，最高加热温度为1160°C，保温时间为2小时，此措施在目前生产节奏下将严重浪费产能。同时该方法仅检验_27°C冲击功，这样的低温冲击韧性已很难满足目前快速发展的需求。
[0006] 中国专利号为CN102605245A的专利文献，其公开了“一种无Ni正火型Q370R压力容器钢板及其制造方法”，质量百分比的化学成分(单位:wt%) C:0.15〜0.18、S1:0.25〜
0.50、Mn:1.4 〜1.6、P:彡 0.015、S: ^ 0.005、Nb:0.02 〜0.03、V:0.07 〜0.08、Ti:
0.006〜0.010、Als:0.024〜0.034，余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。采用经过脱硫预处理的铁水和废钢作为原料，经过冶炼、连铸、加热、轧制和冷却、正火热处理等工序得到无Ni正火型Q370R压力容器钢板。其优点是:屈服强度大于370MPa。具有良好的塑性、低温冲击韧性、高温拉伸性能和优良的Z向拉伸性能，可广泛用于储存液化石油气、液化天然气等相关领域。不足之处是该方法生产的钢板厚度仅为l(T60mm。该文献仅检验_20°C冲击功，这样的低温冲击韧性已很难满足目前快速发展的需求。同时在模拟焊接后的Q370R压力容器用钢的各项性能损失较大，会影响Q370R压力容器用钢的焊接性能，而该方法未对其制造钢板的模拟焊接后性能进行说明。
发明内容
[0007] 本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，提供一种在满足屈服强度大于370MPa的前提下，具有优良焊后热模拟性能以及良好的塑性、低温冲击韧性、高温拉伸性能和Z向拉伸性能，且工艺简单，适用生产钢板厚度> 6(Tl00mm的模拟焊后热处理性能优良的Q370容器钢及生产方法。
[0008] 实现上述目的的措施:
模拟焊后热处理性能优良的Q370容器钢，其组分及重量百分比含量为:C: 0.15〜
0.18, Si:0.25 〜0.50,Mn: 1.20 〜L 60,P: ( 0.020、S: ( 0.010,Nb:0.015 〜0.040, V:
0.020〜0.060、Als:0.025〜0.040，其余为Fe和残留元素。
[0009]优选地:Mn 在 1.20 〜1.35%。
[0010]优选地:Nb 在 0.17 〜0.25%。
[0011]优选地:Als 在 0.035 〜0.04%。
[0012] 生产模拟焊后热处·理性能优良的Q370容器钢的方法，其步骤:
1)进行转炉冶炼，并连铸成坯；
2)对铸坯加热，在加热速率为8〜llmin/cm下，将铸坯加热温度至1160°C〜1240°C ；
3)分两阶段进行控轧:控制第一阶段开轧温度在1150°C〜1180°C，每道次压下量在20〜35mm ;控制第二阶段开轧温度在860°C〜900°C，并控制最后三道总压下率彡30% ；
4)进行控冷工艺:控冷温度控制在650°C〜750°C，控制冷却速度在17〜19°C /S ；
5)进行热处理:进行正火处理，控制正火温度为850°C〜920°C，时间为90〜140min ；
6)待用。
[0013] 本发明中各元素的作用及机理:
C:碳是钢中主要的强度元素，增加碳可以大幅度提高钢的强度，当含量超过0.18%时，钢的低温韧性显著恶化，因此控制在0.10〜0.16%。
[0014] S1:硅是炼钢脱氧的必要元素，也具有一定的强化作用，当含量低于0.1时，冶炼难度加大；当含量超过0.5%时，钢的洁净度降低，韧性和焊接性能下降，回火脆性增强，因此控制在0.25〜0.50%。
[0015] Mn:降低钢的下临界点，增加奥氏体冷却的过冷度，细化珠光体组织，以及改善其力学性能，能明显提高钢的淬透性，但是含量高时，将降低钢的低温韧性，因此控制在
1.(Tl.55%。
[0016] Nb:铌可以显著提高钢的奥氏体再结晶温度，扩大未再结晶区范围，便于实现高温轧制。铌还可以抑制奥氏体晶粒长大，具有显著地细晶强化和析出强化作用。
[0017] V:钒是钢的优良脱氧剂。钒与碳形成的碳化物，在高温高压下可提高抗氢腐蚀能力。[0018] Als:铝是脱氧元素，可与N形成A1N，可细化晶粒，其含量不足0.015%时，效果不佳，超过0.05%时，脱氧作用趋于饱和，增加钢中夹杂物。因此控制在0.015、.040%。
[0019] P:磷元素增加回火脆性及冷脆敏感性。
[0020] S:硫元素增加钢的热脆性，硫含量高时，对焊接性能不利。
[0021] 主要工艺作用及机理
粗轧工艺的确定:1050°C以上为奥氏体再结晶温度区间，因此控制第一阶段开轧温度在1150°C〜1180°C，每道次压下量在20〜35mm的目的是保证奥氏体的晶粒充分破碎，并在终轧温度下可以保证破碎后的奥氏体的晶粒部充分长大。
[0022] 精轧工艺中对末三道次压下率的控制，由于在奥氏体未再结晶区，加大道次变形量使A — F相变的开始温度(Ari)提高；多道的累积变形量加大，也促使Ari温度提高。相变温度提高，导致相变组织中多边形铁素体数量增多，珠光体数量减少。因此控制最后三道总压下率> 30%。
[0023] 冷却工艺的确定:该发明的方法是属于一种低成本制造技术，钢中有Nb+V合金，因此需要采取轧后加速冷却，使在微合金的条件下得到较好的强度以符合要求。
[0024] 本发明与现有技术相比，在满足屈服强度大于370MPa的前提下，具有优良焊后热模拟性能以及良好的塑性、低温冲击韧性、高温拉伸性能和Z向拉伸性能，且工艺简单，易于控制，适用生产钢板厚度> 6(Tl00mm工艺简单。
附图说明
[0025] 附图为本发明的IOOmm厚 钢板内部组织图。
具体实施方式
[0026] 下面对本发明予以详细描述:
表I为本发明各实施例及对比例的取值列表；
表2为本发明各实施例及对比例的主要工艺参数列表；
表3为本发明各实施例及对比例高温拉伸性能列表；
表4为本发明各实施例及对比例Z向拉伸性能；
表5为本发明各实施例及对比例模拟焊后热处理的力学性能。
[0027] 本发明各实施例按照以下步骤生产:
1)进行转炉冶炼，并连铸成坯；
2)对铸坯加热，在加热速率为8〜llmin/cm下，将铸坯加热温度至1160°C〜1240°C ；
3)分两阶段进行控轧:控制第一阶段开轧温度在1150°C〜1180°C，每道次压下量在20〜35mm ;控制第二阶段开轧温度在860°C〜900°C，并控制最后三道总压下率不低于30% ；
4)进行控冷工艺:控冷温度控制在650°C〜750°C，控制冷却速度在17〜19°C /S ；
5)进行热处理:进行正火处理，控制正火温度为850°C〜920°C，时间为90〜140min。；
6)待用。
[0028] 表I本发明各实施例及对比例的化学成分列表(wt%)
表2本发明各实施例及对比例的主要工艺参数取值列表
表3 本发明各实施例及对比例钢板的高温拉伸性能
表4本发明本发明各实施例及对比例钢板的Z向拉伸性能
表5本发明本发明各实施例及对比例钢板的模拟焊后热处理的力学性能
试验条件:进行试样模拟焊后热处理，其工艺参数为:600±10°C，保温时间不低于lh。升温工艺:升温至400°C以上时，升温速度控制在50°C〜80°C /h。降温工艺:降温速度控制在30〜50°C /h，400°C以下自然冷却。然后分别检测力学性能。
[0029] 从表5可以看出，试样模拟焊后热处理的性能与常规性能相比，屈服强度和抗拉强度都有所降低，但降低幅度不大，延伸率和冲击功有所提高，但提高幅度不大，-40°C冲击功依然高于标准下限数倍，具有较好的焊接性能。
[0030] 上述实施例仅为 最佳例举，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。
Claims (5)
1.模拟焊后热处理性能优良的Q370容器钢，其组分及重量百分比含量为:C:0.15〜0.18, Si:0.25 〜0.50,Mn: 1.20 〜L 60,P: ( 0.020、S: ( 0.010,Nb:0.015 〜0.040, V:0.020〜0.060、Als:0.025〜0.040，其余为Fe和残留元素。
2.如权利要求1所述的模拟焊后热处理性能优良的Q370容器钢，其特征在于:Mn在1.20 〜1.35%。
3.如权利要求1所述的模拟焊后热处理性能优良的Q370容器钢，其特征在于:Nb在0.17 〜0.25%。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种具有优良模拟焊后热处理性能的Q370容器钢，其特征在于:Als 在 0.035 〜0.04%ο
5.生产如权利要求1所述的模拟焊后热处理性能优良的Q370容器钢的方法，其步骤: 1)进行转炉冶炼，并连铸成坯； 2)对铸坯加热，在加热速率为8〜llmin/cm下，将铸坯加热温度至1160°C〜1240°C ； 3)分两阶段进行控轧:控制第一阶段开轧温度在1150°C〜1180°C，每道次压下量在20〜35mm ;控制第二阶段开轧温度在860°C〜900°C，并控制最后三道总压下率不低于30% ； 4)进行控冷工艺:控冷温度控制在650°C〜750°C，控制冷却速度在17〜19°C /S ； 5)进行热处理:进行正火处理，控制正火温度为850°C〜920°C，时间为90〜140min ； 6)待用。
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