CN103361130A - Kerosene fuel composition for heavy-oil piston engine - Google Patents
Kerosene fuel composition for heavy-oil piston engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN103361130A CN103361130A CN2012100879541A CN201210087954A CN103361130A CN 103361130 A CN103361130 A CN 103361130A CN 2012100879541 A CN2012100879541 A CN 2012100879541A CN 201210087954 A CN201210087954 A CN 201210087954A CN 103361130 A CN103361130 A CN 103361130A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kerosene fuel composition for a heavy-oil piston engine. The kerosene fuel composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 +/-5 parts of base oil B and 5+/- 1 parts of components C, wherein diesel oil is hydrogenated and cracked during distillation to obtain a fraction-section distillation range of 155 DEG C-250 DEG C, 155 DEG C-280 DEG C or 155 DEG C-300 DEG C; the catalyzed and cracked kerosene-section fraction, and the heavy-petrol smell material which is produced by catalytic cracking device are cut into narrow fractions with the distillation range from 150 DEG C to 230 DEG C on a rectifying device. Compared with 3# aviation coal, the kerosene fuel composition disclosed by the invention can be used for improving the maximum power of the piston engine by 13% under the same limit temperature condition of the air cylinder cover, or can be used for remarkably lowering the air cylinder cover temperature (only 170 DEG C) under the same maximum power condition, and can be used for improving the knock resistance of the engine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation for the piston-engined kerosene stock composition of heavy oil, relate in particular a kind of piston-engined kerosene stock or rocket engine fuel that has improved the capability of antidetonance of spark ignition type Heavy End Aviation Fuel that be applicable to, on the basis of original 3# rocket engine fuel or 5# rocket engine fuel, improved the antideflagration property of kerosene.
Background technology
General large aerospace power set acts as a fuel with aviation kerosene both at home and abroad, small-sized aircraft power plant uses aviation spirit to act as a fuel, use different labels gasoline work fuel similar with motor car engine, different engines has different antiknock shake requirements to oil fuel.But the high volatile volatile of aviation spirit is to be difficult to satisfy aircraft industry particularly storage, transportation, the safety requirements of use of military POL.
The eighties, U.S. Department of Defense considers based on security and fuel storing handling cost that fuel uses, " following single-fuel " instructional criterion (DOD4041.25 criterion) has been proposed, the nineties, propose in the aviation piston engine guide of NADA and DOD, following military piston power device should all adopt astatki, comprises JP-5, JP-8 and diesel oil, and seaworthiness safety standards (FAA) requires following General Aviation must adopt the heavy oil aircraft engine.
Abroad when development spark ignition type Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine, use advanced high pressure spraying or air-assisted atomization low-pressure fuel injection technology greatly to improve pyronaphtha fuel atomizing quality, engine cold-start difficulty when having solved heavy oil combustion in conjunction with advanced in-cylinder direct-jet combustion technology, sparking plug floods cylinder easily, the unstable technical barrier that waits of time of engine low speed, but because the pyronaphtha fuel octane number is low, produce easily the characteristics of pinking, cause the heavy-oil engine knock limited power to be lower than the level of petrol motor, the spark ignition type Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine peak power of external development only has about 80～90% of petrol motor at present.As an example of the JP-5 aviation kerosene example and gasoline property relatively.
The physicochemical property of the external JP-5 aviation kerosene of table one and gasoline
| Character | JP-5 | Gasoline |
| Molecular weight | 170 | 120 |
| Density (Kg/m 3) | 823 | 720 |
| The combustion heat (MJ/kg) | 42.9 | 43.4 |
| Gasification latent heat (MJ/kg) | 0.291(Jet A-1) | 0.339 |
| Specific heat (KJ/kgK) (liquid 298K) | 1.97(Jet A-1) | 2.4 |
| Surface tension (dynes/m) | 26.3(25℃) | 20(20℃) |
| Octane value | 46 | 89 |
| Spontaneous ignition temperature, ℃ | 242 | 438 |
| Burning constant (coefficient) (cm 2/s) | 0.0097 | 0.0144 |
| Activation energy (KJ/mole) | 192.6 | 135.6 |
As can be seen from Table I, the JP-5 aviation kerosene is larger than petrol molecule amount, so fuel density is large, and the fuel reserve tank of so same volume can store more fuel weight, and is favourable to unmanned plane physical dimension compact design; The JP-5 aviation kerosene is more lower slightly than gasoline combustion calorific value, so the output rating of kerosene engine is more lower slightly than petrol motor; The JP-5 aviation kerosene is more much lower than the gasification latent heat of gasoline, illustrates that the in-cylinder direct-jet kerosene engine reduces the mixed air temperature in compression end of a period stage not as direct spray petrol engine in cylinder, suppresses the knocking combustion ability not as petrol motor; The JP-5 aviation kerosene is larger than gasoline viscosity, surface tension is high, so kerosene is not easy jet atomization; The JP-5 aviation kerosene illustrates the easy pinking of kerosene engine about being at half than octane value, the spontaneous ignition temperature of gasoline; The JP-5 aviation kerosene is slower than the flame propagation velocity of gasoline, illustrates when kerosene starts high rotating speed operating mode to move after the burning, and cylinder wall surface temperature and exhaust temperature are high than petrol motor; The needed spark of lighting the JP-5 aviation kerosene can be higher than gasoline, illustrates that kerosene is not easy to light, and needs higher ignition energy.
Anti-knocking property are generally as the important performance indexes of gasoline.The engine of certain compression ratio must use the gasoline of certain octane value, and the trouble-free burning in the guarantee cylinder and be unlikely to produce phenomenon of detonation is to obtain maximum engine power.Pinking is relevant with the burning of gasoline under the spark ignition engine specified conditions.No matter be carburetor engine or direct injection engine, in fact the flammable mixed air that gasoline and air form is existed two processes, i.e. combustion processes and preflame reaction process by the burning in cylinder after lighting.Firing under the high pressure-temperature effect that partly increases sharply; before the combustion flame leading peak arrives, if the preflame reaction product in the unburned part, when would reaching a certain threshold value; just can produce that to have unusual flame propagation velocity and follow shockwave be the voluntarily detonation of feature, cause pinking.If before flame front arrives, the pre-right reaction product in the unburned part not yet reaches threshold value and is just lighted, and just pinking can not occur, and with normal flame propagation velocity burning.
Pinking is relevant with the chemical constitution of oil product.Usually represent the performance of the antiknock of aviation spirit with octane value and performance number, be called for short anti-knocking property.Gasoline is C
4-C
11The mixture of various hydro carbons.Mononuclear aromatics octane value in the gasoline fraction is the highest, and research octane number (RON) is nearly all more than 100, and motor-method octane number is all more than 90.The normal paraffin octane value is minimum, is that organon or motor method are negative value no matter carbon number is higher than the octane value of the normal paraffin of normal heptane.The octane value of isoparaffin, alkene and naphthenic hydrocarbon is higher than the octane value of the identical normal paraffin of carbon number.All kinds of hydrocarbon components are in harmonious proportion mutually, and it is in harmonious proportion octane value has linearly, also has to be nonlinear relationship.The mediation octane value of general alkane and alkane component or alkane and naphthenic hydrocarbon is linear, and the mediation octane value of alkane and aromatic hydrocarbons or alkene is nonlinear relationship, and increment effect is arranged.
The kerosene that consists of with hydrocarbon polymer equally is as the fuel of aircraft power plant piston engine, it forms to have directly with capability of antidetonance quality and contacts, can improve by the group composition that improves kerosene the anti-knocking property of kerosene, the present invention is exactly relevant a kind of kerosene composition, and said composition can improve the pyronaphtha aircraft power plant capability of antidetonance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: act as a fuel with aviation kerosene and cause easily the engine knock problem or engine output decline problem under the condition that pinking does not occur on an equal basis in order to solve the spark ignition type aviation piston engine, a kind of kerosene stock that improves aviation kerosene or rocket engine fuel group composition has been proposed, because the kerosene group composition changes and then improved the pinking performance of fuel.It is that the kerosene component of different process production is obtained the differing temps cut through cutting, and different cuts obtains the kerosene stock composition by different ratios through being in harmonious proportion, and has improved knock limited power as piston engine fuel.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: be used for the piston-engined kerosene stock composition of heavy oil, base oil B, distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtain 155-250 ℃, 155-280 ℃ or 155-300 ℃ of cut section boiling range, weight fraction 95 ± 5; The C component, catalytic cracking kerosene section cut, the heavy petrol flavor raw material of producing with catalytic cracking unit cut close-cut fraction at rectifier unit, and the boiling range scope is at 150-230 ℃; Add weight fraction 5 ± 1.
Be used for the piston-engined kerosene stock composition of heavy oil, base oil B is that distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains 155-250 ℃, 155-280 ℃ or 155-300 ℃ of cut section boiling range scope, weight fraction 80 ± 5; A component, high-pressure hydrogenation generate oily kerosene(oil)fraction, 155-250 ℃, 155-280 ℃ or 155-300 ℃ of cut section distillate, weight fraction 15 ± 2; The C component, catalytic cracking kerosene section cut, the heavy petrol flavor raw material of producing with catalytic cracking unit cut close-cut fraction at rectifier unit, and the boiling range scope adds weight fraction 5 ± 1 at 150-230 ℃.
The present invention especially selects to generate oily kerosene(oil)fraction as base oil B with medium-pressure hydrocracking, and A, C component oil are defined as follows:
High-pressure hydrogenation generates oily kerosene(oil)fraction, U.S. Associated Oil Company patented technology is adopted in hydrocracking, adopt two ends recycle to extinction technical process, with decompression diesel oil (VGO), light coker gas oil (LCGO), with heavy coker gas oil (HCGO) mixing oil be raw material, hydrogenator reaction designing pressure 150 kilograms per centimeter
3Resultant can be produced light naphthar, heavy naphtha, aviation kerosene and the products such as diesel oil, tail oil through rectifying, the present invention adopts 155-250 ℃, 155-280 ℃, 155-300 ℃ cut section distillate A1, A2, A3, as one of aviation kerosene fuel composition blend component; Be used in conjunction among gas chromatograph for determination A1, A2, the A3 alkane, naphthenic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbons, olefin(e) centent respectively in 0-50%, 0-40%, 0-20% and 0-3% scope with chromaticness.
Medium-pressure hydrocracking generates oily kerosene(oil)fraction, and middle pressure hydrocracking adopts Shi Ke institute proprietary technology, hydrogenator reaction designing pressure 100 kilograms per centimeter
3Resultant can be produced light naphthar, heavy naphtha, aviation kerosene and the products such as diesel oil, tail oil through rectifying, the present invention adopts 155-250 ℃, 155-280 ℃, 155-300 ℃ cut section distillate B1, B2, B3, as one of aviation kerosene fuel composition blend component; Be used in conjunction among gas chromatograph for determination B1, B2, the B3 alkane, naphthenic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbons, olefin(e) centent respectively in 0-20%, 0-40%, 0-60% and 0-5% scope with chromaticness.
Catalytic cracking kerosene section cut, the heavy petrol flavor raw material of producing with catalytic cracking unit cuts close-cut fraction at rectifier unit, and the boiling range scope is at 150-230 ℃, as aviation kerosene fuel composition blend component C.
Be in harmonious proportion a kind of kerosene composition with the C cut of the B1 of the A1 of 0-80% or A2 or A3 and 10%-100% or B2 or B3 and 0-20%, the flash-point of this kind kerosene composition or greater than 45 ℃ is equivalent to 3# rocket engine fuel or aviation kerosene flash-point; Or be not less than 60 ℃, be equivalent to 5# rocket engine fuel or aviation kerosene flash-point.But wherein olefin(e) centent surpasses 5% the index of being not more than of aviation kerosene, and aromaticity content surpasses 20% the index of being not more than of aviation kerosene, improves the antideflagration property that does not have by improving the group composition of adjusting kerosene composition.A1 or A2 or A3 can mix formation A by arbitrary proportion, and B1 or B2 or B3 can mix formation B by arbitrary proportion.
Kerosene composition with invention is tested in improved heavy oil piston engine upper stage, under the equal ultimate temperature condition of cylinder head, uses 3# boat coal maximum power to improve 13%, has improved the fuel knock resistance.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: use (in implementation column 1) of the present invention kerosene stock composition, heavy oil piston engine at the double stroke intake manifold injection is carried out bench testing, under the equal ultimate temperature condition of cylinder head, use 3# boat coal, the piston engine peak power has improved 13%, or under equal full power condition, significantly reduced cylinder head temperature, (only having 170 ℃); Improved the antiknock shake ability of engine.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains the base oil of 155-250 ℃ of boiling range scope, at normal temperatures base oil B1 weight fraction 95% is added container, then add weight fraction 5%C, mixing and stirring, composite fuel flash-point index is 63 ℃, the cloud point index is-50 ℃, is used for spark ignition type Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine, improves 13% with comparative example 3# boat coal facies than limit pinking power.
Base oil selects B2 or B3 also can; Base oil select B1 and B2 half and half also can, base oil selects B1 and B3 half and half also can.
Embodiment 2: distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains the base oil of 155-280 ℃ of boiling range scope, at normal temperatures base oil B2 weight fraction 80% is added container, then add the A2 of weight fraction 15%, the C of adding weight fraction 5%, mixing and stirring, composite fuel flash-point index is 68 ℃, be used for spark ignition type Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine, improve 10% with comparative example 3# boat coal facies than limit pinking power.
The A3 that adds weight fraction 15% replaces A2 also can.A3, A2 weight fraction 7.5% also can each.
Embodiment 3: distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains the base oil of 155-300 ℃ of boiling range scope, at normal temperatures base oil B3 weight fraction 80% is added container, then the C mixing and stirring that adds A3 and the weight fraction 5% of weight fraction 15%, composite fuel flash-point index is 70 ℃, be used for spark ignition type Heavy End Aviation Fuel piston engine, improve 5% with comparative example 3# boat coal facies than limit pinking power.
Among the above embodiment, the A3 that adds weight fraction 15% also can.
Base oil select B1 also can, the scope that its weight range can positive and negative 5%.
| Project | The comparative example 3# coal that navigates | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Flash-point (remaining silent) | Be not less than 38 ℃ | 63 | 68 | 70 |
| Density (20 ℃), kg/m3 | 775-830 | 0.8 | 0.8342 | 0.8343 |
| Viscosity mm2/s | Be not less than 1.25 | 2.032 | 2.4014 | 2.7527 |
| Sulphur (mg/L) | Be not more than 0.2% | 1.95 | 1.65 | 1.85 |
| Fore-running | Report | 184.0 | 189.4 | 191.4 |
| 10％ | Be not higher than 205 ℃ | 188.6 | 203.2 | 206.9 |
| 30％ | 205.5 | 212.9 | 218.1 | |
| 50％ | Be not higher than 232 ℃ | 220.9 | 222.0 | 230.1 |
| 90％ | Report | 235.3 | 251.1 | 269.1 |
| Heat up in a steamer eventually | Be not higher than 300 ℃ | 249.0 | 266.7 | 284.3 |
| Residual | Be not more than 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Loss | Be not more than 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Acid number mgKOH/g | Be not more than 0.015 | 0.0092 | 0.0104 | 0.0094 |
| Limit pinking power | 1 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 1.05 |
| Normal paraffin | 8.9 | 10.1 | 12.3 | |
| Isoparaffin | 29.8 | 30.6 | 31.7 | |
| Alkene | Be not more than 5% | 6.6 | 5.3 | 5.0 |
| Naphthenic hydrocarbon | 18.3 | 22.5 | 23.6 | |
| Total aromatic hydrocarbons | Be not more than 20% | 36.3 | 31.5 | 27.5 |
Claims (2)
1. be used for the piston-engined kerosene stock composition of heavy oil, it is characterized in that comprising following component: base oil B, distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtain 155-250 ℃, 155-280 ℃ or 155-300 ℃ of cut section boiling range, weight fraction 95 ± 5; The C component, catalytic cracking kerosene section cut, the heavy petrol flavor raw material of producing with catalytic cracking unit cut close-cut fraction at rectifier unit, and the boiling range scope is at 150-230 ℃; Add weight fraction 5 ± 1.
2. be used for the piston-engined kerosene stock composition of heavy oil, it is characterized in that composed as follows: base oil B is that distillation middle pressure hydrocracking diesel oil obtains 155-250 ℃, 155-280 ℃ or 155-300 ℃ of cut section boiling range scope, weight fraction 80 ± 5; The A component is that high-pressure hydrogenation generates oily kerosene(oil)fraction, 155-250 ℃, 155-280 ℃ or 155-300 ℃ of cut section distillate, weight fraction 15 ± 2; The C component, catalytic cracking kerosene section cut, the heavy petrol flavor raw material of producing with catalytic cracking unit cut close-cut fraction at rectifier unit, and the boiling range scope adds weight fraction 5 ± 1 at 150-230 ℃.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017049561A1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | 陈鸿林 | Liquid fuel |
| CN110129103A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-08-16 | 中实投石化科技有限公司 | A kind of low-sulfur ordinary diesel oil |
| CN116376622A (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-07-04 | 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司 | Coal-based engine oil and application thereof |
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| CN1723267A (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2006-01-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene composition |
| CN1906275A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-01-31 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene composition |
| CN101273116A (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2008-09-24 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Fuel compositions |
| CN101426888A (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2009-05-06 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Fuel composition |
| CN102216434A (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2011-10-12 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene base fuel |
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2012
- 2012-03-29 CN CN201210087954.1A patent/CN103361130B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1723267A (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2006-01-18 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene composition |
| CN1906275A (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-01-31 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene composition |
| CN101273116A (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2008-09-24 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Fuel compositions |
| CN101426888A (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2009-05-06 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Fuel composition |
| CN102216434A (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2011-10-12 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | Kerosene base fuel |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017049561A1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | 陈鸿林 | Liquid fuel |
| CN110129103A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-08-16 | 中实投石化科技有限公司 | A kind of low-sulfur ordinary diesel oil |
| CN116376622A (en) * | 2023-04-06 | 2023-07-04 | 国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司 | Coal-based engine oil and application thereof |
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