CN103359956A - Laminated vacuum glass and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Laminated vacuum glass and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103359956A CN103359956A CN2012100996761A CN201210099676A CN103359956A CN 103359956 A CN103359956 A CN 103359956A CN 2012100996761 A CN2012100996761 A CN 2012100996761A CN 201210099676 A CN201210099676 A CN 201210099676A CN 103359956 A CN103359956 A CN 103359956A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing laminated vacuum glass. The method comprises the following steps of: placing a lamination intermediate layer material on the surface of one or two sides of a piece of vacuum glass, and placing a piece of flat glass on the outer side plane of the lamination intermediate layer material to form a laminated vacuum glass structure; completely removing gas in the lamination intermediate layer material of the formed laminated vacuum glass structure and gas between the glass and a lamination intermediate layer; filling the laminated vacuum glass structure into a high-pressure kettle, and gradually heating and pressurizing by stages, wherein the maximum temperature in the high-pressure kettle is 100 DEG C to 170 DEG C, and the maximum pressure in the high-pressure kettle is 0.1Mpa to 0.4Mpa; maintaining the temperature and the pressure for 30 to 120 minutes; gradually reducing the temperature and the pressure in the high-pressure kettle to the normal temperature and the normal pressure to obtain the laminated vacuum glass.
Description
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to the structure of laminated vacuum glass and make this laminated vacuum glass.
Background technology
Laminated vacuum glass (also being referred to as the doubling vacuum glass) has been employed in the facilities such as the heat-preservation door and window, locomotive vehicle window, sun power utilization of building, refrigeration appliance gradually.Remove outside the sound insulation that kept vacuum glass, the heat insulation characteristics, laminated vacuum glass has satisfied the needs of practicality aspect security, especially can satisfy the requirement of national safety standard.
From the principle, the impact resistance that PVB (polyvinyl butyral acetal), the EVA (ethene-vinyl acetate) that exists as the interlayer middle layer in the laminated vacuum glass or SGP (ionic polymer) film have greatly improved glass, the anti-performance that penetrates keep high transparent, heat-staple characteristics simultaneously.
Normally lay above-mentioned interlayer intermediate layer material on the surface, one or both sides of vacuum glass, then place a slice sheet glass on the outer side plane of interlayer intermediate layer material again and consist of the laminated vacuum glass structure, the laminated vacuum glass structure that will form is thus at last packed into and is carried out processing treatment in the autoclave.
There has been the prior art of making laminated vacuum glass, for example be entitled as the patent application of " technique that a kind of PVB or EVA hot melt adhesive film are made the vacuum doubling glass " (publication number is CN 102260049A, was on November 30th, 2011 in open day), the application quotes as a setting technology with this patent document.
In prior art, PVB or SGP laminated vacuum glass production method require to add the high pressure of 1.3-1.5Mpa in autoclave, PVB or SGP glued membrane are melted and bonding glass under High Temperature High Pressure.But, because the singularity of vacuum glass self structure, when vacuum glass is subject to the anticyclonic direct effect of 1.3-1.5Mpa in autoclave, can make himself structure be subject in various degree destruction, for example produce breakage even the vacuum failure of be full of cracks, edge sealing, and then affect the security of sandwiched product.
Also there is technical scheme to propose to use the single stage method processing mode under normal pressure, to produce the technology and equipment of PVB or SGP laminated glass, wherein use two chambers or three Room vacuum ovens, to vacuumizing in the vacuum chamber of placing laminated glass, with other vacuum chambers atmospheric pressure difference of self-assembling formation when the high temperature.But the PVB or the SGP laminated glass that process under a normal atmosphere (being 0.1Mpa), the bonding force between its glue-line and the glass is more much lower than glue-line and the bonding force between the glass of the laminated glass that under high pressure processes.Although the laminated glass that the method is produced also can pass through international and domestic dependence test, the poor drawback of the bonding force between its glue-line and the glass can display under life-time service or extreme environmental conditions.
For the shortcoming in the above-mentioned prior art, the application's technical scheme aims to provide a kind of method of making laminated vacuum glass, use autoclave equipment, in autoclave, suitably apply lower air pressure, in order to guarantee that the vacuum glass self structure can not be damaged in hot pressing, can guarantee again to form between glue-line and the glass stronger bonding force.
Summary of the invention
Technical scheme of the present invention is based on such basic conception, before namely in autoclave that the laminated vacuum glass structure that forms is packed into, carrying out hot pressing, to be present in the interlayer middle layer and glass and interlayer middle layer between gas get rid of fully, and by in autoclave, applying suitably lower air pressure, just can guarantee that the interlayer middle layer will form strong bonding force between the outer sheet glass of vacuum glass and use, the structure of guaranteeing simultaneously vacuum glass in hot pressing can be not destroyed, and then guarantee the whole soundness of the laminated vacuum glass make and the safe reliability of use.
According to a technical scheme of the present invention, a kind of method for the manufacture of laminated vacuum glass comprises step: the surface, one or both sides at vacuum glass lays the interlayer intermediate layer material, on the outer side plane of interlayer intermediate layer material, place again a slice sheet glass, form the laminated vacuum glass structure; With in the interlayer intermediate layer material of established laminated vacuum glass structure and glass and described interlayer middle layer between gas get rid of fully; With the pressurization of heating gradually according to a certain percentage stage by stage in the autoclave of packing into of described laminated vacuum glass structure, wherein top temperature remains 100-170 ℃ in the autoclave, peak pressure remains the low pressure of 0.1-0.4Mpa in the autoclave, and heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed 30-120 minute; Progressively reduce the interior temperature and pressure of autoclave to normal temperature and pressure, obtain the laminated vacuum glass of making.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, wherein get rid of in the interlayer intermediate layer material and glass and described interlayer middle layer between the step of gas realized by one of the following step:
1) described established laminated vacuum glass structure is coated and sealing one deck heat resisting vacuum film, and to vacuumizing in the vacuum diaphragm, so as to extract out in the described interlayer intermediate layer material and glass and described interlayer middle layer between gas;
2) utilize roll squeezer that described established laminated vacuum glass structure is carried out roll-in, get rid of in the described interlayer intermediate layer material and glass and described interlayer middle layer between gas;
3) described established laminated vacuum glass structure is put into vacuum chamber or vacuum preloading machine and is heated and vacuumize processing, so as to extract out in the described interlayer intermediate layer material and glass and described interlayer middle layer between gas.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, wherein said sheet glass comprises common float glass, toughened glass, semi-tempered glass, art glass and photovoltaic glass etc.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, wherein said vacuum glass comprises conventional vacuum glass, toughened vacuum glass and half tempered vacuum glass.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, wherein in described interlayer intermediate layer material, can place the material/parts for solar energy power generating.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, wherein said interlayer intermediate layer material comprises PVB (polyvinyl butyral acetal), SGP (ionic polymer), EVA (ethene-vinyl acetate) and the building safety glass sandwich intermediate layer material such as material modified thereof.
In technique scheme of the present invention, before in autoclave that the laminated vacuum glass structure that forms is packed into, carrying out hot pressing, by the gas purging operation handlebar be present in the interlayer middle layer and glass and interlayer middle layer between gas get rid of fully, lower air pressure just can guarantee that the interlayer middle layer is for the strong bonding force between the outer sheet glass of vacuum glass and use by applying suitably in autoclave, this structure of just guaranteeing vacuum glass in hot pressing can be not destroyed, and then guarantee the whole soundness of the laminated vacuum glass make and the safe reliability of use.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the sectional view of the single face PVB laminated vacuum glass that the method according to the embodiment of the invention produces.
Fig. 2 shows the sectional view of the two-sided PVB laminated vacuum glass that the method according to the embodiment of the invention produces.
Fig. 3 shows the sectional view of the interlayer photovoltaic vacuum glass that the method according to the embodiment of the invention produces.
Embodiment
Describe the specific implementation process of the inventive method in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing 1-3.
Example 1 as shown in Figure 1, the laminated vacuum glass that wish is made comprises: sheet glass (for example being preferably toughened glass) 1, the interlayer middle layer 2 of PVB material, vacuum glass 3.
In order to make the laminated vacuum glass of producing subject matter, at first to consist of in the manner described above the laminated vacuum glass structure.Normally the side surface at vacuum glass 3 lays the interlayer intermediate layer material and forms interlayer middle layer 2, places subsequently a slice sheet glass 1 on the outer side plane in interlayer middle layer 2 again, so forms the laminated vacuum glass structure.Usually the operation steps of formation laminated vacuum glass structure like this is referred to as " closing sheet (or stack close sheet) " in this specialty.
Subsequently, before the laminated vacuum glass structure after closing sheet is put into autoclave hot pressing, by suitable operation steps remove be present in the described interlayer middle layer 2 and interlayer middle layer 2 and sheet glass 1, vacuum glass 3 between gaseous constituent.About remove be present in the described interlayer middle layer 2 and interlayer middle layer 2 and sheet glass 1, vacuum glass 3 between the operation of gas following three kinds of optional modes can be arranged.
Mode 1: before the laminated vacuum glass structure after closing sheet is put into the autoclave heating and pressurizing, be coated on this laminated vacuum glass structure in one deck heat resisting vacuum film and seal this heat resisting vacuum film, the interface of bleeding is installed in the vacuum diaphragm side of sealing subsequently, can be adopted the mode edge sealing of hot sealing to form the vacuum diaphragm of sealing.Then the glass of good seal is sent in the autoclave.In autoclave, vacuum-lines is connected with the interface of bleeding on the vacuum bag and seals, to vacuumizing in the vacuum diaphragm, get rid of in the described interlayer middle layer 2 and this interlayer middle layer 2 and glass (vacuum glass 3 and sheet glass 1) between gas, and then to heating and pressurizing in the autoclave.
Mode 2: utilize roll squeezer that described established laminated vacuum glass structure is carried out roll-in, get rid of gas in the material in described interlayer middle layer 2 and the gas between this interlayer middle layer 2 and the glass.For example by roll squeezer the both sides of established laminated vacuum glass structure are applied the normal pressure of 0.4Mpa, continuous rolling is with the air scavenge between the gas in the material in described interlayer middle layer 2 and this interlayer middle layer 2 and the glass (vacuum glass 3 and sheet glass 1).And then the laminated vacuum glass structure of air inclusion is not put into the autoclave heating and pressurizing.
Mode 3: described established laminated vacuum glass structure is put into vacuum chamber or vacuum preloading machine heat and vacuumize processing, in order to extract gas in the material in described interlayer middle layer 2 and the gas between this interlayer middle layer 2 and the glass (vacuum glass 3 and sheet glass 1) out.And then the laminated vacuum glass structure of air inclusion is not put into the autoclave heating and pressurizing.
Subsequently, with by the laminated vacuum glass structure that obtains after the exhaust-gas disposal pressurization of heating gradually according to a certain percentage stage by stage in the autoclave of packing into.Different according to the size of kind, thickness and the transparency area of used sheet glass 1 and vacuum glass 3, and according to the difference of the material in the interlayer middle layer of adopting, the top temperature in autoclave remains under the condition of low pressure that peak pressure in 100-170 ℃, autoclave remains 0.1-0.4Mpa and processes.Same different according to the material in above-mentioned sheet glass 1 and vacuum glass 3 and interlayer middle layer 2, the selection of time that heat-insulation pressure keeping can be processed be 30-120 minute.After finishing the heat-insulation pressure keeping processing, progressively reduce the interior temperature and pressure of autoclave to normal temperature and pressure, obtain the laminated vacuum glass of making.
As a concrete example, the consisting of of the laminated vacuum glass structure in Fig. 1: the area of sheet glass 1 and vacuum glass 3 is 1 * 1m
2The thickness of sheet glass 1 is that the fluctuating plate glass of 5mm, vacuum glass 3 is that the material in the thick toughened glass of 5mm, interlayer middle layer 2 is when being chosen as PVB, peak pressure is set as 0.2Mpa in the autoclave, and top temperature is chosen as 150 ℃, and heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed 90 minutes.
More particularly, to the laminated vacuum glass structure of above-mentioned size adopt above-mentioned mode 1 to remove to be present in the described interlayer middle layer 2 and interlayer middle layer 2 and glass (sheet glass 1 and vacuum glass 3) between gaseous constituent the time, after the laminated vacuum glass structure after closing sheet is put into autoclave hot pressing, carry out first cold-draw, be that the vacuum diaphragm that does not heat in the autoclave sealing vacuumizes 30 minutes, then begin heating, be heated to 50 ℃ in 30 minutes, then to the 0.05Mpa that pressurizes in the autoclave.Be incubated after 20 minutes, the pressurization of heating gradually stage by stage, 20 ℃ of pressure of the every rising of temperature increase 0.03Mpa, finally make the condition that reaches 150 ℃ and 0.2Mpa in the autoclave, and heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed 90 minutes.Decrease temperature and pressure was to normal temperature and pressure after heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed.
With reference to figure 2, another example is described.In the both sides of vacuum glass 3, form interlayer by PVB interlayer middle layer 2 and sheet glass 1 respectively, consist of two-sided PVB laminated vacuum glass.As shown in Figure 2, two sheet glass 1, two-layer PVB interlayer middle layer 2 and a slice vacuum glass 3 are stacked together in order close sheet respectively, form two-sided PVB laminated vacuum glass structure.
Subsequently, such as the example 1 described mode of reference Fig. 1, adopt one of optional three kinds of modes to remove gas between gaseous constituent in the interlayer middle layer 2 of two-sided PVB laminated vacuum glass structure and interlayer middle layer 2 and sheet glass 1, the vacuum glass 3.
Situation during single face PVB laminated vacuum glass in processing treatment process and the example 1 of this moment in autoclave is similar, but for the parameter for the inventive method is limited with further understanding, in concrete enforcement, this example has adopted that two kinds of parameter group are incompatible to obtain almost identical result:
1) to the laminated vacuum glass structure of above-mentioned size adopt above-mentioned mode 2 to remove to be present in the described interlayer middle layer 2 and interlayer middle layer 2 and glass (sheet glass 1 and vacuum glass 3) between gaseous constituent, laminated vacuum glass structure after sheet is closed in taking-up from roll squeezer begins heating after putting into autoclave hot pressing, be heated to 50 ℃ in 30 minutes, then to the 0.1Mpa that pressurizes in the autoclave.Be incubated after 20 minutes, the pressurization of heating gradually stage by stage finally makes the condition that reaches 150 ℃ and 0.4Mpa in the autoclave, and heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed 120 minutes.Decrease temperature and pressure was to normal temperature and pressure after heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed.
2) to the laminated vacuum glass structure of above-mentioned size adopt above-mentioned mode 3 to remove to be present in the described interlayer middle layer 2 and interlayer middle layer 2 and glass (sheet glass 1 and vacuum glass 3) between gaseous constituent the time, after being placed into the autoclave, the laminated vacuum glass structure of taking out from vacuum chamber or vacuum preloading machine begins heating, be heated to 50 ℃ in 30 minutes, then to the 0.2Mpa that pressurizes in the autoclave.Be incubated after 20 minutes, the pressurization of heating gradually stage by stage, 30 ℃ of pressure of the every rising of temperature increase 0.05Mpa, finally make the condition that reaches 170 ℃ and 0.2Mpa in the autoclave, and heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed 90 minutes.Decrease temperature and pressure was to normal temperature and pressure after heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed.
Can find out that the cooperation of temperature and pressure is necessary from two top examples, employed pressure can be less under higher temperature usually, and when employed pressure will be more greatly under lower temperature.The normally at least 30 minutes time that heat-insulation pressure keeping is processed, the time that lengthens the heat-insulation pressure keeping processing helps to improve the processing effect of laminated vacuum glass, but consider from the efficient of processing, even in the situation of using larger area and thicker sheet glass, maximum 120 minutes heat-insulation pressure keeping treatment times generally has been enough to satisfy the requirement of quality.
In sum, in the technical scheme of the present invention parameter control is chosen as: top temperature remains 100-170 ℃ in the autoclave, and peak pressure remains the low pressure of 0.1-0.4Mpa in the autoclave, and heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed 30-120 minute.
Fig. 3 illustrates another specific examples 3 of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, between sheet glass 1 and vacuum glass 3, tiling has two-layer EVA interlayer middle layer 2, between two-layer EVA interlayer middle layer 2, place the polycrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic cell 4 of some amount with fixing mode of connection, form interlayer photovoltaic vacuum glass structure.
Adopt interlayer photovoltaic vacuum glass behind above-mentioned mode 1 involution piece to carry out gas and remove, namely get rid of in this interlayer middle layer 2 and the gas between this interlayer middle layer 2 and sheet glass 1 and vacuum glass 3.
Specifically, before putting into autoclave hot pressing, described interlayer photovoltaic vacuum glass structure is wrapped by and seals one deck heat resisting vacuum film, and the interface of bleeding is installed in the vacuum diaphragm side, vacuum diaphragm is used the mode edge sealing of hot pressing envelope, then the glass of good seal is sent in the autoclave.In autoclave, vacuum-lines is connected with the interface of bleeding on the vacuum bag and seals, to vacuumizing in the vacuum diaphragm, get rid of in the EVA interlayer middle layer and the gas between this EVA interlayer middle layer and glass (sheet glass 1 and vacuum glass 3), then to the pressurization of heating in the autoclave.
As concrete example, the transparency area in the example shown in Fig. 3 is 1 * 2m
2, the thickness of the fluctuating plate glass of sheet glass 1 and vacuum glass 3 all is 5mm, and the thickness in EVA interlayer middle layer 2 is 1.52mm, and the thickness of polycrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic cell 4 is 0.2mm.
In the present embodiment, peak pressure is set as 0.1Mpa in the autoclave, and top temperature is 100 ℃, and heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed 30 minutes.
Carry out first cold-draw, namely in the situation that does not heat autoclave inside, vacuumize 10 minutes in the vacuum diaphragm to sealing, then begin heating, be heated to 80 ℃ in 30 minutes, then to the 0.06Mpa that pressurizes in the autoclave.Be incubated after 20 minutes, the pressurization of heating gradually stage by stage, 10 ℃ of pressure of the every rising of temperature increase 0.02Mpa, finally make the condition that reaches 100 ℃ and 0.1Mpa in the autoclave, and heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed 30 minutes.Decrease temperature and pressure was to normal temperature and pressure after heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed.
It is the thick EVA interlayer middle layer of 1.52mm that the interlayer photovoltaic vacuum glass that processing obtains has total amount, and wherein being sealed with thickness is the polycrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic cell 4 of 0.2mm.
According to the abovementioned embodiments of the present invention, wherein said sheet glass 1 can be described toughened glass, also can be common float glass, semi-tempered glass, art glass.Equally, wherein said vacuum glass comprises conventional vacuum glass, toughened vacuum glass and half tempered vacuum glass.
According to the abovementioned embodiments of the present invention, wherein said interlayer intermediate layer material can be the intermediate layer material that PVB, SGP, EVA and one of material modified building safety glass sandwich thereof can be used.Adopt different interlayer intermediate layer materials, there is no materially affect for the enforcement of the technical scheme of the method for the invention described above.
In technique scheme of the present invention, before in autoclave that the laminated vacuum glass structure that forms is packed into, carrying out hot pressing, by the gas purging operation handlebar be present in the interlayer middle layer and glass and interlayer middle layer between gas get rid of fully, lower air pressure just can guarantee that the interlayer middle layer is for the strong bonding force between the outer sheet glass of vacuum glass and use by applying suitably in autoclave.This structure of just guaranteeing vacuum glass in hot pressing can be not destroyed, and then guarantee the whole soundness of the laminated vacuum glass make and the safe reliability of use.
And, the laminated vacuum glass that makes is transparent in bubble, its performance can satisfy national building safety glass standard to the requirement of laminated glass security and resistivity against fire, can keep again the vacuum glass self structure not to be damaged simultaneously, guarantees safety in utilization and the weather resistance of vacuum glass.
More than be to provide for the purpose of illustration and description to the detailed description of example embodiment of the present invention.Not for limit or limit the invention to disclosed precise forms.Obviously, many modification and change will be apparent to those skilled in the art.The selection of embodiment and description are for principle of the present invention and practical application thereof are described best, thereby make others skilled in the art can understand various embodiment of the present invention and be suitable for the various modification of specific use expection.Scope of the present invention is limited by claims and Equivalent thereof.
Claims (7)
1. method for the manufacture of laminated vacuum glass comprises step:
Surface, one or both sides at vacuum glass lays the interlayer intermediate layer material, places a slice sheet glass on the outer side plane of interlayer intermediate layer material again, forms the laminated vacuum glass structure;
With in the interlayer intermediate layer material of established laminated vacuum glass structure and glass and described interlayer middle layer between gas get rid of fully;
With the pressurization of heating gradually stage by stage in the autoclave of packing into of described laminated vacuum glass structure, wherein top temperature remains 100 ℃-170 ℃ in the autoclave, peak pressure remains the low pressure of 0.1Mpa-0.4Mpa in the autoclave, and heat-insulation pressure keeping was processed 30 minutes-120 minutes;
Progressively reduce the interior temperature and pressure of autoclave to normal temperature and pressure, obtain the laminated vacuum glass of making.
2. according to claim 1 the method for manufacturing laminated vacuum glass, wherein get rid of in the interlayer intermediate layer material and glass and described interlayer middle layer between the step of gas realized by one of the following step:
1) described established laminated vacuum glass structure is coated and sealing one deck heat resisting vacuum film, and to vacuumizing in the vacuum diaphragm, get rid of in the described interlayer intermediate layer material and glass and described interlayer middle layer between gas;
2) utilize roll squeezer that described established laminated vacuum glass structure is carried out roll-in, get rid of in the described interlayer intermediate layer material and glass and described interlayer middle layer between gas;
3) described established laminated vacuum glass structure is put into vacuum chamber or vacuum preloading machine and is heated and vacuumize processing, so as to extract out in the described interlayer intermediate layer material and glass and described interlayer middle layer between gas.
3. according to claim 1 the method for manufacturing laminated vacuum glass, wherein said sheet glass comprises common float glass, toughened glass, semi-tempered glass, art glass and photovoltaic glass.
4. according to claim 1 the method for manufacturing laminated vacuum glass, wherein said vacuum glass comprises conventional vacuum glass, toughened vacuum glass and half tempered vacuum glass.
5. according to claim 1 the method for manufacturing laminated vacuum glass wherein can be placed the material/parts for solar energy power generating in described interlayer intermediate layer material.
6. according to claim 1 the method for manufacturing laminated vacuum glass, wherein said interlayer intermediate layer material comprises PVB (polyvinyl butyral acetal), SGP (ionic polymer), EVA (ethene-vinyl acetate) and material modified.
7. the laminated vacuum glass made of the method for one of any manufacturing laminated vacuum glass according to claim 1-7.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105967534A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-28 | 戴婷婷 | Preparation technology of tempered vacuum laminated glass for automobile |
| TWI626226B (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-11 | Process for making vacuum glued glass tightly integrated into one body by using negative pressure and high pressure | |
| CN108490998A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-09-04 | 信义玻璃工程（东莞）有限公司 | A kind of control method of autoclave, system and terminal device |
| WO2019224363A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2019-11-28 | Vkr Holding A/S | Vig unit lamination |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105967534A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-28 | 戴婷婷 | Preparation technology of tempered vacuum laminated glass for automobile |
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| WO2019224363A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2019-11-28 | Vkr Holding A/S | Vig unit lamination |
| WO2019224361A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2019-11-28 | Vkr Holding A/S | Vig unit lamination |
| WO2019224362A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2019-11-28 | Vkr Holding A/S | Vig unit lamination |
| WO2019224358A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2019-11-28 | Vkr Holding A/S | Vig unit lamination |
| US11285703B2 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2022-03-29 | Vkr Holding A/S | VIG unit lamination |
| US11498314B2 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2022-11-15 | Vkr Holding A/S | VIG unit lamination |
| EP4245537A2 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2023-09-20 | VKR Holding A/S | Vig unit lamination |
| US11840050B2 (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2023-12-12 | Vkr Holding A/S | VIG unit lamination |
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Application publication date: 20131023 |