CN103352949B - Expansion link and telescopic structure unit thereof - Google Patents

Expansion link and telescopic structure unit thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103352949B
CN103352949B CN201310333596.2A CN201310333596A CN103352949B CN 103352949 B CN103352949 B CN 103352949B CN 201310333596 A CN201310333596 A CN 201310333596A CN 103352949 B CN103352949 B CN 103352949B
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Prior art keywords
aisle
sealing
center
cylinder body
flowing lumen
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CN201310333596.2A
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CN103352949A (en
Inventor
吕国祥
王仁杰
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Haimen Chuang Hao Industrial Design Co., Ltd.
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ANJI HONGFENG AIR SPRING TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Publication of CN103352949A publication Critical patent/CN103352949A/en
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Abstract

The invention relates to an expansion link and a telescopic structure unit thereof. According to the technical scheme, the telescopic structure unit comprises a cylinder body, a valve body dividing the cylinder body into a first sealing cavity and a second sealing cavity, and a piston rod, wherein two flow cavities are formed in the valve body along the axial direction; sealing elements are respectively arranged in the two flow cavities; an intermediate passage for mutually communicating the two flow cavities and side passages for respectively communicating the corresponding flow cavities with corresponding sealing cavities are formed in the valve body; the sealing elements can be impacted by a flowing medium in the cylinder body to move to seal the intermediate passage with the movement of the piston rod so as to fix the piston rod relative to the cylinder body; resistance elements capable of providing resistance to the sealing elements to move towards the intermediate passage are further arranged in the two flow cavities; according to the expansion link and the telescopic structure unit provided by the invention, the potential safety hazards caused by high pressure gas in the prior art are avoided; and the operation is simple and convenient.

Description

A kind of flexible rod and telescopic structure unit thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flexible rod and telescopic structure unit thereof.
Background technique
Now in the art, telescopic rod-like structure, air spring can be presented as, if application publication number is a kind of air spring disclosed in the application for a patent for invention of CN101696717A, comprise the piston rod be connected with interior pipe, one end of interior pipe is provided with button, described piston rod front end is provided with O-ring seal, piston rod is provided with consequent cover and bowl-type rubber pad, the rear end of piston rod is provided with O-ring seal and air hole: be provided with strut in described interior pipe, strut is provided with fastening piece, and strut is provided with enable switch, enable switch is provided with control valve, and control valve is provided with O-ring seal; This kind of air spring structure, inside is filled with pressurized gas, and in use easily detonation, has higher potential safety hazard.
This telescopic rod-like structure also can be presented as a kind of hydraulic support, if application publication number is a kind of triple retractable column disclosed in the application for a patent for invention of CN101845957A and hydraulic support, triple retractable column comprises outer cylinder body, cylinder in one-level is provided with in outer cylinder body, be provided with cylinder in secondary in cylinder in one-level, in secondary, in cylinder, be provided with post alive; Outer cylinder body is provided with epicoele hydraulic fluid port and cavity of resorption hydraulic fluid port; In one-level, the diapire of cylinder is provided with the first bottom valve, and in one-level, the diapire of cylinder is provided with the first bottom valve; In one-level, the sidewall of cylinder is provided with the first oilhole that the epicoele of outer cylinder body is communicated with the epicoele of cylinder in one-level; In one-level, the sidewall of cylinder is provided with the first oilhole that the epicoele of cylinder in one-level is communicated with the epicoele of cylinder in one-level; This kind of hydraulically extensible structure, the flow of fluid that need realize between upper and lower cavity hydraulic fluid port by the power source of external hydraulic pump and so on, and the hydraulic pressure in cylinder is acquired a certain degree, thus realize flexible function; This kind of flexible mode, need by external force, and operation is comparatively complicated.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of telescopic structure unit, fill flowing medium in its cylinder body, make the pressure in cylinder body be barometric pressure or the barometric pressure that levels off to, thus avoid the potential safety hazard that prior art mesohigh gas brings; And flexible operation is achieved by artificial drawing or compression, simple to operation, and by the control to operating force, stop the lasting relative displacement of piston rod and cylinder body.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs: a kind of telescopic structure unit, comprises cylinder body, is arranged in described cylinder body and the piston rod described cylinder body being divided into two valve bodies of Seal cage one with Seal cage two being used for filling flowing medium, described valve body can be driven to move axially; Described valve body has vertically the flowing lumen one of closer described Seal cage one and the flowing lumen two of closer described Seal cage two; The center-aisle that two flowing lumens can be made to communicate is provided with between described flowing lumen one with described flowing lumen two; Described valve body be provided with make described flowing lumen one communicate in described Seal cage one side canal one and make described flowing lumen two communicate in the side canal two of described Seal cage two; Be provided with in described flowing lumen one and can impact and also can close the Sealing one of described center-aisle to described center-aisle is movable and resistance can be applied to stop described Sealing one to described center-aisle activity and still to keep described flowing lumen one to circulate in the resistance piece one of described flowing lumen two to described Sealing one when described Sealing one has the trend of closed described center-aisle by hard to bear described flowing medium; When the impact force that described Sealing one is subject to described flowing medium is greater than the resistance that described resistance piece one gives, described Sealing one is movable and close described center-aisle to described center-aisle; Be provided with in described flowing lumen two and can impact and also can close the Sealing two of described center-aisle to described center-aisle is movable and resistance can be applied to stop described Sealing two to described center-aisle activity and still to keep described flowing lumen one to circulate in the resistance piece two of described flowing lumen two to described Sealing two when described Sealing two has the trend of closed described center-aisle by hard to bear described flowing medium; When the impact force that described Sealing two is subject to described flowing medium is greater than the resistance that described resistance piece two gives, described Sealing two is movable and close described center-aisle to described center-aisle.
Artificial draws or presses piston rod, and the flowing medium in two Seal cages is able to by three passage flow, and then also makes valve body produce displacement, thus realizes the relative displacement between piston rod and cylinder body, gently drawing or under light pressure condition, corresponding seal is movable and finally contact at corresponding resistance piece to center-aisle, and still can circulate between the flowing lumen of correspondence and center-aisle, thus realizes the relative displacement between piston rod and cylinder body, heavily draw weight or pull fast or fast-holding state under, corresponding seal to center-aisle movable and suffered by sealing body the impact force of flowing medium to it overcome the resistance that resistance piece gives, thus make sealing body cross resistance piece continue to center-aisle movable thus finally close center-aisle, thus the circulation that have ceased between two Seal cages, and then make relative fixing on former relative displacement direction of piston rod and cylinder body, described gently draws or gently presses, and refers to that the impact force of flowing medium to seal caused due to the force to piston rod is less than the resistance that resistance piece gives seal, described heavily draws or weight, refers to that the impact force of flowing medium to seal caused due to the force to piston rod overcomes the resistance that resistance piece gives seal, described pulls or fast-holding fast, refers to that the instant impact of flowing medium to seal caused due to the force to piston rod overcomes the resistance of resistance piece to seal, and be closed due to center-aisle, circulation is lost between two Seal cages, thus, if will continue to make piston rod pressure cylinder move in former force direction, then need overcome the corresponding Seal cage of compression or expand corresponding Seal cage, therefore comparatively noticeable effort is needed, general at least need overcomes barometric pressure acting, general impersonal force can be, thus realize relative fixing in former force direction of piston rod and cylinder body, and be also conducive to making the pressure in two Seal cages in preparation, namely be set to barometric pressure or convergence barometric pressure, thus the technical program is when piston rod and cylinder body geo-stationary, pressure in two Seal cages maintains barometric pressure or convergence barometric pressure, in piston rod and cylinder body relative movement, pressure in two Seal cages also levels off to barometric pressure as much as possible.
As preferably of the present invention, all in the form of a ring, two described Sealings all in the form of a ring for two described flowing lumens; Two described side canal spacing be communicated between the opening place axis of corresponding described flowing lumen and described valve axis are less than described center-aisle and are communicated in spacing between the opening place axis of described respective streams cavity and described valve axis.
Flowing lumen in the form of a ring with seal setting in the form of a ring, also specify that the activity direction of seal further, be namely parallel to the axis of cylinder body.
As preferably of the present invention, described resistance piece one is for being located at projection or the step of described flowing lumen one sidewall.
As preferably of the present invention, described resistance piece two is for being located at projection or the step of described flowing lumen two sidewall.
As preferably of the present invention, this kind of telescopic structure unit also comprises being located in described cylinder body and seal with described inboard wall of cylinder block and is slidably connected and described cylinder body is divided into the floating piston of the exhaust cavity communicated with air and the Seal cage be made up of described Seal cage one and described Seal cage two.
The volume being set to adjacent seals chamber of floating piston provides the space of axial stretching, the pressure be conducive in Seal cage trends towards barometric pressure as far as possible or is equal to barometric pressure, also be conducive to the pressure between balanced two Seal cages, also make simultaneously the telescopic movable of piston rod above-mentioned relatively gently draw or the activity of slighter compress more laborsaving.
As preferably of the present invention, described flowing lumen one is less than the thickness of described seal one along described valve body radial direction near the space along described valve body radial direction at described center-aisle place; Described flowing lumen two is less than the thickness of described seal two along described valve body radial direction near the space along described valve body radial direction at described center-aisle place.
Above-mentioned setting, makes seal one or seal two can be stuck in corresponding flowing lumen near center-aisle place after closed center-aisle; Thus make piston rod and the cylinder body relative fixed effect in former force direction more stable.
Described former force direction, refers to that seal is due to after the stressed and closed center-aisle of piston rod, then continues to exert a force to piston rod by the previous direction to piston rod force.
Another object of the present invention is also to provide a kind of flexible rod, and it comprises at least two telescopic structure unit as described in technique scheme.
Another object of the present invention is also to provide a kind of flexible rod, it comprises at least two telescopic structure unit as described in technique scheme, except being positioned at the piston rod of this kind of flexible rod termination, piston rod described in remaining is connected to floating piston or the cylinder body of adjacent described telescopic structure unit.
Another object of the present invention is also to provide a kind of flexible rod, it comprises at least two telescopic structure unit as described in technique scheme, except the described cylinder body being positioned at this flexible rod termination, cylinder body described in remaining or for adjacent described telescopic structure unit piston rod or be fixedly connected on the piston rod of adjacent described telescopic structure unit.
In sum, the present invention has following beneficial effect: structure of the present invention is simple, easy to implement; By the setting of seal and passage, the control that operator passes through piston rod force size or speed can be made, realize piston rod Boring mill upwards relative with cylinder body fixing or with the lasting relative displacement of cylinder body, and simple to operate; The flowing medium of filling in cylinder body of the present invention can be liquid or gas or gas liquid mixture, and the pressure making Seal cage produce due to the existence of flowing medium is barometric pressure or the barometric pressure that levels off to, and therefore, potential safety hazard is lower; More due to the setting of floating piston, in further guarantee Seal cage, pressure is stable, thus reduces potential safety hazard further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that embodiment 1 is gently drawing the structural representation under piston rod state;
Fig. 2 is A portion enlarged diagram in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of embodiment 1 under heavily drawing piston rod or pulling piston rod state fast;
Fig. 4 is B portion enlarged diagram in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of embodiment 1 under light pressure piston rod state;
Fig. 6 is C portion enlarged diagram in Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of embodiment 1 under weight piston rod or fast-holding piston rod state;
Fig. 8 is D portion enlarged diagram in Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the position view of piston rod in cylinder body in embodiment 2.
In figure, 1, cylinder body, 11, Seal cage one, 12, Seal cage two, 2, valve body, 21, flowing lumen one, 211, Sealing one, 22, flowing lumen two, 221, Sealing two, 231, side canal one, 232, side canal two, 233, center-aisle, 241, resistance piece one, 242, resistance piece two, 3, piston rod, 4, floating piston, 41, exhaust cavity, 42, seal ring one, 43, seal ring two.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention; it is not limitation of the present invention; those skilled in the art can make to the present embodiment the amendment not having creative contribution as required after reading this specification, as long as but be all subject to the protection of Patent Law in right of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: as shown in figures 1-8, a kind of telescopic structure unit, comprise cylinder body 1, to be located in cylinder body 1 and to be sealed with cylinder body 1 inwall the floating piston 4 be slidably connected by seal ring 1, and floating piston 4 cylinder body 1 is divided into the Seal cage that is filled with flowing medium and and the exhaust cavity 41 that communicates of air; Valve body 2 is also provided with in cylinder body 1, Seal cage is divided into Seal cage 1 and Seal cage 2 12 by valve body 2, Seal cage 2 12 is between Seal cage 1 and exhaust cavity 41, and Seal cage 1 is barometric pressure or the barometric pressure that levels off to pressure in Seal cage 2 12, flowing medium can be liquid or gas or gas liquid mixture; Valve body 2 is fixedly connected with piston rod 3, piston rod 3 extends to outside cylinder body 1; In the present embodiment, piston rod 3 extends to outside cylinder body 1 through floating piston 4 and exhaust cavity 41, and floating piston 4 and piston rod 3 are sealed by seal ring 2 43 and be slidably connected.
Valve body 2 has vertically the flowing lumen 1 of closer Seal cage 1 and the flowing lumen 2 22 of closer Seal cage 2 12; The center-aisle 233 that two flowing lumens can be made to communicate is provided with between flowing lumen 1 with flowing lumen 2 22; Valve body 2 be provided with make flowing lumen 1 communicate all the time in Seal cage 1 side canal 1 and make flowing lumen 2 22 communicate in the side canal 2 232 of Seal cage 2 12 all the time; Flowing lumen 1 and flowing lumen 2 22 be arranged in parallel and all in the form of a ring.
Be provided with the hard to bear flowing medium of energy in flowing lumen 1 impact and also can close the Sealing 1 of center-aisle 233 to center-aisle 233 is movable and resistance can be applied to stop Sealing 1 to center-aisle 233 activity and still to keep flowing lumen 1 to circulate in the resistance piece 1 of flowing lumen 2 22 to Sealing 1 when Sealing 1 has the trend of closed center-aisle 233; When the impact force that Sealing 1 is subject to flowing medium is greater than the resistance that resistance piece 1 gives, Sealing 1 is movable and close center-aisle 233 to center-aisle 233; In the form of a ring, the external diameter of Sealing 1 slightly larger than the internal diameter of cylinder body 1, thus should should realize the sealing between Sealing 1 and cylinder body 1 inwall by external diameter that is equal with the internal diameter of cylinder body 1 or Sealing 1 to Sealing 1.
Be provided with the hard to bear flowing medium of energy in flowing lumen 2 22 impact and also can close the Sealing 2 221 of center-aisle 233 to center-aisle 233 is movable and resistance can be applied to stop Sealing 2 221 to center-aisle 233 activity and still to keep flowing lumen 1 to circulate in the resistance piece 2 242 of flowing lumen 2 22 to Sealing 2 221 when Sealing 2 221 has the trend of closed center-aisle 233; When the impact force that Sealing 2 221 is subject to flowing medium is greater than the resistance that resistance piece 2 242 gives, Sealing 2 221 is movable and close center-aisle 233 to center-aisle 233; In the form of a ring, the external diameter of Sealing 2 221 slightly larger than the internal diameter of cylinder body 1, thus should should realize the sealing between Sealing 2 221 and cylinder body 1 inwall by external diameter that is equal with the internal diameter of cylinder body 1 or Sealing 2 221 to Sealing 2 221.
Two side canal spacing be communicated between the opening place axis of respective streams cavity and valve body 2 axis are less than center-aisle and are communicated in spacing between the opening place axis of respective streams cavity and valve body 2 axis.
Resistance piece 1 is for being located at projection or the step of flowing lumen 1 sidewall; Resistance piece 2 242 is for being located at projection or the step of flowing lumen 2 22 sidewall; If resistance piece is protruding, then should has gap between adjacent protrusion, with when Sealing contacts at resistance piece, still can ensure the circulation between two flowing lumens; If resistance piece is step, then should have recess on step, with when Sealing contacts at resistance piece, still can ensure the circulation between two flowing lumens, the present embodiment is presented as step, but recess is not shown in the drawings.
Flowing lumen 1 is less than the thickness of seal 1 along valve body 2 radial direction near the space along valve body 2 radial direction at center-aisle 233 place; Flowing lumen 2 22 is less than the thickness of seal 2 221 along valve body 2 radial direction near the space along valve body 2 radial direction at center-aisle 233 place, thus when corresponding Sealing closes center-aisle, the seal can be stuck in corresponding flowing lumen near center-aisle place, thus strengthens piston rod 3 and cylinder body 1 relatively-stationary stability in former force direction.
As shown in Figure 1, for the present embodiment is gently drawing the structural representation under piston rod state, now Sealing 2 221 contacts at resistance piece 2 242, and piston rod 3 opposing cylinder 1 produces and continues displacement.
As shown in Figure 3, for the present embodiment is heavily drawing piston rod or pulling the structural representation under piston rod state fast, now suffered by Sealing 2 221, flowing medium impact force overcomes the resistance of resistance piece 2 242 pairs of Sealings 2 221, thus make Sealing 2 221 cross resistance piece 2 242 and close center-aisle 233, make piston rod 3 opposing cylinder 1 in former force direction, namely relatively fixing on draw direction.
As shown in Figure 5, be the structural representation of the present embodiment under light pressure piston rod state, now Sealing 1 contacts at resistance piece 1, and piston rod 3 opposing cylinder 1 produces and continues displacement.
As shown in Figure 7, for the structural representation of the present embodiment under weight piston rod or fast-holding piston rod state, now suffered by Sealing 1, flowing medium impact force overcomes the resistance of resistance piece one 241 pairs of Sealings 1, thus make Sealing 1 cross resistance piece 1 and close center-aisle 233, make piston rod 3 opposing cylinder 1 in former force direction, namely relatively fixing on compression direction.
Described gently draws or gently presses, and refers to that the impact force of flowing medium to seal caused due to the force to piston rod 3 is less than the resistance that resistance piece gives seal; Described heavily draws or weight, refers to that the impact force of flowing medium to seal caused due to the force to piston rod 3 overcomes the resistance that resistance piece gives seal; Described pulls or fast-holding fast, refers to that the instant impact of flowing medium to seal caused due to the force to piston rod 3 overcomes the resistance of resistance piece to seal.
Embodiment 2: a kind of telescopic structure unit, as shown in Figure 9, are with the difference of embodiment 1, and piston rod 3 extends to outside cylinder body 1 through Seal cage 1, and piston rod 3 and cylinder body 1 end part seal are slidably connected.
Embodiment 3: a kind of flexible rod, and it comprises at least two embodiments 1, and except the piston rod 3 being positioned at this kind of flexible rod termination, remaining piston rod 3 is connected to the cylinder body 1 of adjacent expansion element of construction.
Embodiment 4: a kind of flexible rod, and it comprises at least two embodiments 2, and except the piston rod 3 being positioned at this kind of flexible rod termination, remaining piston rod 3 is connected to floating piston 4 or the cylinder body 1 of adjacent expansion element of construction.
Embodiment 5: a kind of flexible rod, and it comprises at least two embodiments 1, except the cylinder body 1 being positioned at this flexible rod termination, remaining cylinder body 1 or for adjacent expansion element of construction piston rod 3 or be fixedly connected on the piston rod 3 of adjacent expansion element of construction.
Embodiment 6: a kind of flexible rod, and it comprises at least two embodiments 2, except the cylinder body 1 being positioned at this flexible rod termination, remaining cylinder body 1 or for adjacent expansion element of construction piston rod 3 or be fixedly connected on the piston rod 3 of adjacent expansion element of construction.

Claims (6)

1. a telescopic structure unit, it is characterized in that, comprise cylinder body (1), be arranged in described cylinder body (1) and the piston rod (3) described cylinder body (1) being divided into two valve bodies (2) for the Seal cage one (11) with Seal cage two (12) of filling flowing medium, described valve body (2) can be driven to move axially;
Described valve body (2) has vertically the flowing lumen one (21) of closer described Seal cage one (11) and the flowing lumen two (22) of closer described Seal cage two (12); The center-aisle (233) that two flowing lumens can be made to communicate is provided with between described flowing lumen one (21) with described flowing lumen two (22); Described valve body (2) be provided with make described flowing lumen one (21) communicate in described Seal cage one (11) side canal one (231) and make described flowing lumen two (22) communicate in the side canal two (232) of described Seal cage two (12);
Described flowing lumen one, (21) be provided with in and can impact and to described center-aisle by hard to bear described flowing medium, (233) activity also can close described center-aisle, (233) Sealing one, (211) and when described Sealing one, (211) there is closed described center-aisle, (233) can to described Sealing one during trend, (211) resistance is applied to stop described Sealing one, (211) to described center-aisle, (233) movable and still keep described flowing lumen one, (21) described flowing lumen two is circulated in, (22) resistance piece one, (241), when the impact force that described Sealing one (211) is subject to described flowing medium is greater than the resistance that described resistance piece one (241) gives, described Sealing one (211) is movable and close described center-aisle (233) to described center-aisle (233),
Described flowing lumen two, (22) be provided with in and can impact and to described center-aisle by hard to bear described flowing medium, (233) activity also can close described center-aisle, (233) Sealing two, (221) and when described Sealing two, (221) there is closed described center-aisle, (233) can to described Sealing two during trend, (221) resistance is applied to stop described Sealing two, (221) to described center-aisle, (233) movable and still keep described flowing lumen one, (21) described flowing lumen two is circulated in, (22) resistance piece two, (242), when the impact force that described Sealing two (221) is subject to described flowing medium is greater than the resistance that described resistance piece two (242) gives, described Sealing two (221) is movable and close described center-aisle (233) to described center-aisle (233),
All in the form of a ring, two described Sealings all in the form of a ring for two described flowing lumens; Two described side canal spacing be communicated between the opening place axis of corresponding described flowing lumen and described valve body (2) axis are less than described center-aisle and are communicated in spacing between the opening place axis of described respective streams cavity and described valve body (2) axis;
This kind of telescopic structure unit also comprises to be located in described cylinder body (1) and to be slidably connected with described cylinder body (1) inner wall sealing and described cylinder body (1) to be divided into the floating piston (4) of exhaust cavity (41) and the Seal cage be made up of described Seal cage one (11) and described Seal cage two (12) communicated with air.
2. a kind of telescopic structure unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described resistance piece one (241) is for being located at projection or the step of described flowing lumen one (21) sidewall.
3. a kind of telescopic structure unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described resistance piece two (242) is for being located at projection or the step of described flowing lumen two (22) sidewall.
4. a kind of telescopic structure unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described flowing lumen one (21) is less than the thickness of described Sealing one (211) along described valve body (2) radial direction near the space radial along described valve body (2) at described center-aisle (233) place; Described flowing lumen two (22) is less than the thickness of described Sealing two (221) along described valve body (2) radial direction near the space radial along described valve body (2) at described center-aisle (233) place.
5. a flexible rod, is characterized in that, it comprises at least two telescopic structure unit as claimed in claim 1.
6. a flexible rod, it is characterized in that, it comprises at least two telescopic structure unit as claimed in claim 1, and except the piston rod (3) being positioned at this kind of flexible rod termination, piston rod described in remaining (3) is connected to floating piston (4) or the cylinder body (1) of adjacent described telescopic structure unit.
CN201310333596.2A 2013-08-02 2013-08-02 Expansion link and telescopic structure unit thereof Active CN103352949B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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CN110722096B (en) * 2019-10-22 2021-04-30 合肥工业大学 Wax injection device
CN111981083A (en) * 2020-08-21 2020-11-24 扬州市伏尔坎机械制造有限公司 Buffer oil cylinder for vehicle shock absorption

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CN2152609Y (en) * 1993-01-08 1994-01-12 桂林市工具厂 Sprayer piston
GB2325701B (en) * 1997-05-28 2001-07-18 Draftex Ind Ltd Gas spring with speed regulation
KR20010093000A (en) * 2000-03-28 2001-10-27 밍 루 A gas spring changed piston valve structure
CN201152334Y (en) * 2008-01-14 2008-11-19 江阴强顺科技有限公司 Gas spring with damping effect
KR100976011B1 (en) * 2008-09-10 2010-08-17 남준욱 A Gas-spring
CN203395067U (en) * 2013-08-02 2014-01-15 安吉宏峰气弹簧科技有限公司 Telescopic rod and telescopic structure unit thereof

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