CN103352769A - Method for acquiring energy in pressurized and reversed internal energy power system - Google Patents
Method for acquiring energy in pressurized and reversed internal energy power system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103352769A CN103352769A CN 201310224576 CN201310224576A CN103352769A CN 103352769 A CN103352769 A CN 103352769A CN 201310224576 CN201310224576 CN 201310224576 CN 201310224576 A CN201310224576 A CN 201310224576A CN 103352769 A CN103352769 A CN 103352769A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a contemporary power system for realizing dynamic update to get rid of energy dependence, which can be applied to driving power of power plants, vehicles and boats. The power system comprises a gas compressor 1 and a gas power machine 2, wherein a pipeline 3 and a pipeline 4 are used to form a loop, and gas circulates in the loop; the gas compressor 1 is driven by an external force to pressurize gas, the gas power machine 2 outputs power outwards, and N3 is greater than N1; the gas is pressurized, P2 is greater than P1, the volume of the gas is increased, the thermal density is lagged and increased, t2 is greater than t1, and the additional heat flux is Qt which is obtained through heat accumulation; the control system of pressurized gas is an increased thermal potential control system of a big power system of the compressor, as the heat is acquired from the outside, with the increase of heat capacity, the expansion of the volume of the gas is inevitable, based on the power system, first-grade gap expands according to the gaseous condition equation regularity necessarily, the total thermal content of the pressurized gas is the same as the heat quantity of the gas not pressurized, and the maximal corresponding temperature can be calculated by checking a gas nature table, so that the thermal internal energy of the pressurized gas can be calculated accordingly; the reason why the N3 is greater than N1 is that the heat energy can not be generated if the gas has no potential energy, and the gas compressor 1 has no heat mass, and can not invest energy for heat accumulation, so that the heat is obtained free.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to contemporary power and upgrade the power system of breaking away from the dependence of energy (money) source, it can be as the energy take the interior of the sustainable work done of a kind of profound air heat flow, it can use greatly power plant's generating, extensively can use the driving of various car and boat machines, I forms the microminiature generator set, when being third generation power technology.
Background technique
At present the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches the dynamic steam turbine of thermal source and the water turbine three large power of internal-combustion engine and nonthermal source of can be summarized as, the current puzzlement of all enduring the resources and environment problem to the fullest extent of three large power is restricting and is developing, and there is no new power appearance.Main force's steam turbine of power and internal-combustion engine are because serious environment pollution replaces in the urgent need to new type power, and the discharging of carbon dioxide becomes a large hidden danger of human survival the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches.Steam turbine is becoming rotating mechanical energy in the water vapour heat of its thing burning acquisition, internal-combustion engine is can become rotating mechanical energy to its thing through pushing piston or wheel blade in the air heat that the body internal combustion produces, the waste heat of the steam combustion gas after the two machine works done all is discharged to outside the machine, the overbottom pressure that engine exhaust gas the is larger no longer usefulness of also thereupon draining, the discharge of waste heat overbottom pressure is the main cause that causes two engine efficiencies low.Existing heat power technology is not made an effort in recycling to heat, does not study the gas with pressure, and only the material with calorific capacity is sought in research, to the utilization identification of heat with regard to a kind of pattern.The disposable pattern of utilizing has been included international unit conversion standard, 1kw=23.89 * 10 in
-2KcaI/s regards heat as energy, and the thermodynamic study scope should arrive pressure gas and stop, and how pressure energy changes mechanical energy into is the fluid mechanics research range, and heat power is still replacing Hydrodynamics Theory commander heat power overall process with this potential theory of heat at present.Disposable utilization causes looking heat for occurring with this potential theory of heat, is to a certain degree affecting the heat power development.
Current thermal source for power is nervous, is the major technique contradiction of heat power development and existence, and the large existing thermal source of amount has approached exhaustion on the earth, and the crude oil coal price soars, and the solution of energy problem is the countries in the world task of top priority.Where is outlet? can't replace existing huge heat power by other several little energy sinks of exploitation at all, do not replace heat power Fu Island nuclear accident to a nuclear power technology head-on blow by development nuclear power, lesson is deep, the wind-powered electricity generation water power is limited by natural resources, nuclear power more is subjected to resource limitation, these planes of solar power station condenser photovoltaic battery panel utilize method to be difficult to many a little makes a mickle, the most effective solution is to implement energy implication in the air heat, in the new power system of Scientific Meaning Ji Foundation exploitation, must jump out this potential theory of disposable thermal, on existing possible technique base Foundation, develop.To obtaining from equation of state of gas (list the back) as can be known of heat, second method is still arranged, gather by forming heat to gas pressurized, have the same effect of its thing heat-obtaining of burning---the thermal capacitance increase.Wouldn't know that heat without two a pair of coincidences here that characteristic is born of quality 1 class gas heat expansion hysteresis, is that human survival solves a large problem, heat not only can be recycled, and can unexpectedly can whitely get in the air heat.
Press anti-interior motility technology not see which country has the people to propose.
The water turbine of one of three large power is a kind of power to bypass at power circle always, this power system except it high efficiency external, be that it brings an energy delivery mechanisms with one times of synergy, make its position exceed steam turbine, it has obvious performance advantage with the steam turbine comparison.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of resource environment that is not subjected to and restrict, the power technology that pollution-free high-efficient is desirable is for realizing that the energy that purpose the present invention adopts is the interior energy of heat of pressurized gas.In the heat can obtain not burn and do not discharge, there is not environmental pollution problem, can in the pressurized gas process, obtain in the heat, to limited heat-source Cycles utilization, there is not the resource exhaustion problem, Circulated power system makes the thermal expansion of gas constantly produce heat flow in the sealing of present technique, and reaches an a large amount ratio in energy harvesting, and is ideal.
The secret of present technique is: exist an invisible power system in tangible power system.The power that power ratio gas compressor 1 driving power of Fig. 1 gas motive power machine 2 outputs has more is the output power of invisible power system, its energy comes from the interior energy of heat of gas, exist an invisible gas compressor in the quite tangible power system gas pressurized is produced it, can show as heat flow Q in the heat
t, Q
tHave pressure P, can be in the gas motive power machine work done.The part that energy, gas motive power machine capacity increase in invisible gas compressor, the heat forms the invisible power system of a cover.The power of invisible power system output is the energy that present technique is obtained, and can be the new energy that present technique is obtained in the air heat.Tangible power system is a cover energy conservation system, and invisible power system is cover nonconservation of energy system a---energy production system.Fig. 1 is a power system of founding for obtaining new energy, can come from the thermal expansion of gas in the pipe 3 in the heat of pressure gas, the compressed smaller volume of gas, heat content (card number) does not become, and quite heat gathers, and heat gathers, heat density increases, and temperature raises and produces energy in the heat.The generation of energy is the 3rd process after gas compression, temperature rising in the heat, and its generation lags behind gas compression processes, and heat does not drop into energy for heat build-up without quality, gas compressor more, and energy just can whitely get in the heat of hysteresis.This fact is proved at the gas compressor of producing at present, the gas compressor that all molecular weight gas are less, and the gas compressor that all pressure is larger, the output energy that the pressure gas of its generation has is all greater than the driven compressor energy.The 2nd effect heat build-up of gas compressor makes it have quite at present the effect that thermal power boiler and in-cylinder combustion produce heat.What existing heat power added thermal recovery is overheated method, is card/second to the unit of measurement of heat, and the heat build-up method is card/M to the unit of measurement of heat
3, the implication of two kinds of units is different, but heating effect is the same, and the at last temperature rising with working medium is as the criterion.Can two handling characteristics to heat: one be repeatedly to use, and one is only with once; One is without resource, and one is the significant wastage resource; One is not fire to arrange, and one is to discharge in a large number carbon dioxide, presses anti-interior motility obviously to be better than having at present heat power.Heat can be gathered principle and bring the new mechanism that taps a new source of energy, its deposits yields steam or combustion gas of need not burning, the clear-cut 1 little class gas of molecular weight of selecting is done working medium, produce in the lump interior energy when directly with the larger compressor of pressure higher capacity gas pressurized being produced pressure gas, omit the series of complex processes such as the fortune of mining and refining that have thermodynamic burning, heat conduction, contain caloic.Present technique is without the combustion material cost, and only having the loss of compressor 5% driving-energy is cost, and ready access upon use need not store.Fig. 1 enters the gas temperature basic controlling of compressor at normal temperature, hot major part in Fig. 1 system pipes 3 comes to be gathered, few part is that gas pressurized molecule rearranges the heat that friction is given birth to, and normally moves frictional heat and is used for offsetting all system heat leakage, and the system and device heat leakage is included in N
1In, the energy that system obtains is net value.The calculating formula of compressor air-discharging energy is
N
2＝(Q
2+Q
t)P/102， (1)
The calculating formula of new energy is
Nt＝Q
tP/102 (2)
Equation of state of gas pV=mRT (1-3) (3) (seeing Appendix 1)
Nt＝N
2-N
1 (4)
Energy in the Nt heat, Q
tHeat flow, N
1The driven compressor energy.Could accomplish N
2＞N
1, can accomplish that by designing fully way one is N
1Value is little, the 2nd, N
2It is large that value is wanted, and working medium is selected the little gas N of molecular weight
1Just little, as long as the large N of compressor pressure high power capacity
2Just large, can ensure N
2＞N
1Crux is whether the generation of energy in heat aggregation phenomenon, the heat is present in the real compressor, needs calculate real compressor air-discharging energy.Computational methods rationally truly have to get value, have energy in the heat with regard to provable compressor air-discharging.Extraction flow that data is marked is correct if compressor dispatches from the factory, and just can directly calculate the energy that exhaust has more with formula (1).Through the charge flow rate that investigation compressor air-discharging flow means, this mark method is off the record regulation of compressor industry, and each producer all so indicates on the national electronic product catalogue, have to obtain extraction flow by charge flow rate and remake calculating.If utilize the exhaust gas drive powerplant module generating of compressor, need that pipe tank exposed face is incubated a heat and all keep here, delivery temperature should not exceed the allowable temperature of gas-turbine, capacity matching.Tabulation calculation specifications compressor is that how heat build-up produce power is changed to again electric energy as an example of the Chongqing pressure W-7.5/100 of factory compressor (annex 2) example according to this idea.
W-7.5/100 type air compressor parameter list [notes 2 are seen in the explanation of table]
Driving-energy makes the compressed pressure of gas rise to rating value, corresponding gas volume is condensed to a minimum value, and has certain flow velocity, this wherein has individual internal characteristics: become small volume after pressing front large volume to be pressed, the heat content of large volume has all been given small volume, the small volume heat density increases, heat aggregation phenomenon under cover wherein, and heat gathers all for small volume exactly.Heat density increases gas and can expand, and 1 class gas hot expanding type lags behind compression process, and heat gathers to make presses rear small volume hysteresis to expand.Small volume is a unique isolated system in the large power system of compressor, all discharge from occuring to the complete rear heat of compression, arrive again the gas-turbine outlet and end one section calorific potential control system for increasing, the characteristic of the calorific potential control system of its existing increase has again the general character of large power system, characteristic determines the inevitable thermal expansion of its temperature rise (the standby expansion condition of the indefinite container of level pressure after pressing), it must expand the general character decision by the equation of state of gas rule, each state of temperature parameter should be calculated with gas equation after pressing, and temperature and heat pairwise correlation numerical value should be looked into calculation with gas table.The air that belongs to 1 class gas meets the equation of state of gas rule, also meets gas property table level pressure rule.Press the rear pressure multiplication factor relation that exists before pressing, find corresponding specific heat at constant pressure c according to temperature ℃ value before pressing at air thermodynamic property table (being level pressure after pressing before annex 4 pressures)
pValue is multiplied by and gathers multiple, temperature and quality three numerical value, must gather heat kilocalorie number, presses the rear gas heat of front pressure and quality to equate, finds the temperature ℃ value of pressing rear correspondence at the air thermodynamic property table again according to gathering heat kilocalorie number.The pressure front volume is 100 times of volume after pressing, and the heat of pressing front gas to have 15 ℃ is heat to be gathered, and centralization type is
(100 * 15 * 0.23972 * 0.153)=359.5 * 0.153 kilocalories (5)
It should equal to press rear minimum volume (isothermal compression volume 0.001252m
3) the required heat t * c of temperature rises to from 0 ℃ a certain value (maximum temperature calculated value after pressing)
p* 0.153 kilocalorie.Tc in the property list
PValue is two unknown numbers, takes aim at first the tc that looks the every delegation of rough calculation
PLong-pending, can find two values close with formula (5) 359.5, a desirable value wherein is for approximative value or find exact value with Nei Chafa again, and this illustrates reason, for ease of check tc
pValue is got approximative value 362, t=1250 ℃ of its corresponding temperature value, and producer says that this press water-cooled exhaust outlet temperature is 60 ℃, if but the water-cooled temperature is not 160 ℃ of long-time running, still keep former design point operation, answer 1150 ℃ of t=(1250-100=), T=1150+273=1423
0K inserts table sequence number 8 (the 2nd status bar in the table), for pressing rear minimum volume V (0.001252m
3) obtaining hot calculated value, this is worth not total head appearance, and rising has a process, is 288
0Occur continuously one by one small temperature rise on the K, its volume often increases one by one trace by corresponding relation hysteresis space-time point, and the T value can exceed (1423/2) 711.5, but finally can be stabilized in 711.5
0K.Gas molecule increases the enhancing of moving because of heat, and because enhancing has internal force, because internal force expands, flow volume expands then gesture under the level pressure, and gesture increases, temperature rise, and the equation of state both sides reach equal.Temperature rise has been supported gesture and has been increased, and gesture increases makes the T value can only reach 711.5 at last
0Or else K rises, and swollen body is divided equally heat, and gas characteristic determines equation form, and gas characteristic determines that the T value can only reach 711.5 at last
0K.Insert table sequence number 9,711.5 again substitution equations of state (3) with 711.5
10101325×V＝0.153×287.04×711.5，
Try to achieve expanding volume V=0.003093m
3, inserting table sequence number 11, equation of state left side PV value 31247kgf.m tries to achieve expansion gas energy N=(31247/102=) 306kw divided by 102 again.Insert table sequence number 12.Comprise air inlet energy 124kw among the 306kw, the gas-turbine exhaust enters again admission line, and 124kw can not get, and can be (306-124=) 182kw in the heat that has more.Why can have more this part energy, just be gas hot expanding type,, A, must set up new ideas here: the calorific potential control system of increase is to obtain outside the calorific potential control system that increases with large power system concept, heat; B, must understand fully two relevant characteristics: heat does not drop into energy for heat build-up without the quality compressor more, and volumetric expansion is after gas compression processes, and two characteristic couplings determine that the energy that has more is white must; C, must comprehend gas expansion and how can lag behind compression process: complete driving-energy of compression process of quantitative volumes of gas equivalence is all passed, and yes has more for the energy of the gas hot expanding type power of lagging behind, expanding volume, expanding volume.Thermal power unit operation finds that for a long time gas parameter has hysteresis quality, claim large time delay, beat one's brains, the thermoscope of top compressor is contained in the body outlet, and one section outlet pipe is still arranged in the body, illustrates to press rear temperature value to raise mainly in gas holder, expand and certainly lag behind compression process, the equation of state of gas gas table is all from test, and it is believable must being worth 182kw, only has hysteresis just can calculate the energy that get more.Gas energy 124kw two-value before comparing driving-energy 110kw and pressing, gas expansion does not all lag behind compression process as can be known, leading (124-110=) 14kw.14kw is the energy that can pay for driving-energy in the heat, and driving-energy should be paid 124kw, because the appearance of thermal expansion is arranged, presses complete gas volume not reach 0.001252m
3, but a residue is arranged, and residue=swell value, it pays the 14kw gas pressure less also can reach rating value, can be 182-14=168kw in the actual heat that has more, and inserts table sequence number 13 the 2nd state.What the turbine unit took out is many that electric energy is
(168+110)×0.7445×0.97-110＝91kw， (6)
0.7445 * 0.97 is gas-turbine dynamic efficiency and generator efficiency in the formula, and 110 is the driven compressor energy, and driving-energy is the energy of conservation in pressure afterwards, it take from electrical network again initial value return electrical network.Can the available formula of the value of getting (1) check in the heat in the table.With omitting a step on the PV value computer program, simply, heat calculation is taken from the Computing Principle about cooling water (annex 4) of turbo-compressor one book with pressing the after heat distribution theory before pressing, gas table is that its vertebra is recommended, the heat calculation of gas table is since 0 ℃, heat below 0 ℃ is 0,273
0K is the computing numeral of a T value.List 4 kinds of running state parameters of W-7.5/100 compressor in the table, illustrate and really have the heat aggregation phenomenon in the real compressor, with the increase of heat build-up amount and have in the heat of larger proportion can, available turbo-generator group is taken out electric energy, also can find out with the hydraulic turbine generator group and take out the situation that electric energy increases.Entrance is nearer to outlet in the relatively large but tank of former compressor pyknic gas holder surface area, makes the maximum temperature at imperceptible tank endogenous pyrogen place, short outside of the waiting time in the straight line tank leave with rage, can measure 711.5 such as tank pipe heat insulation tank outlet peripheral hardware one thermoscope
0K.
This power system power matter heat does not pass with power when power engine, and still initial value is retained in the working medium, just reduces because volume becomes large heat density, and driven force machine gas temperature is out reduced to t
1, hot total amount is few, and is same, and the heat of existing heat power power matter does not pass with power yet at present, still is retained in the working medium after the work done, reduces because volume becomes large heat density yet, causes temperature to reduce.Therefore, derive: heat is not can be gesture.Being used on the gas heat is that gesture is a new ideas, and this concept comes from hydraulic gesture, can not be thermal change in the heat, is the enhancing that comes from the gas interior molecular motion.But gas has again the condition of work done that energy is just arranged under the control of calorific potential, has gesture then not have energy without the condition of work done, claims hot internal force.Gas because of heat produce in force phenomenon be a kind of feature of situation, quantitatively heat makes and posts body and form a kind of physics situation, in the physics situation of correspondence corresponding hot internal force is arranged, this is the understanding profound to heat.This power system heat taking method is different from thermomechanics burning heat taking method, but effect is the same, and gas just has energy because heat has gesture under the rated pressure of press.Present technique is a hydraulic Development Technology, and hydraulics claims that head is gesture, refers to the drop of water, and the gravity of mixing flow just has gesture, and being called has energy.This theory is extended to the gas system set up, belong to the general character of fluid, calorific potential refers to the amount of movement (displacement distance of expansive force) of swollen external transverse section, therefore derives the principle of top gas calorific potential.The heat of gas is that gesture just can repeated multiple timesly be utilized heat, changes existing thermal power system heat is only utilized the no way of once just draining.Definition present technique and thermomechanics to heat exist contradiction, and thermomechanics is defined as heat [to annotate 1], and the heat that enters heating power system is that the output energy equates with heating power.
The pressure of present technique refers to the pressure of compressor, the generation of anti-finger pressure power, but the interior ability that can refer to the heat flow work done, press anti-in motility form an invisible power like this.The repeated multiple times use heat of this power system has solved the exhausted problem of current heat power fuel, do not burn not discharge and solved current thermodynamic pollution problem, press China gas compressor manufacturing capacity, the 6M40-340/314 of West China factory type nitrogen hydrogen compressor (annex 3) pressure of producing is now reduced to 10Mpa, charge flow rate and cylinder maximum diameter are constant, change into and press the reaction force dedicated compressor, 6 modification compressors of suitable 2 the 6M40-340/314 type nitrogen hydrogen compressors of capacity are to 1 gas-turbine air feed, compressor air inlet (heat build-up) temperature goes out clear electric energy 20,000 Kw by 22 ℃ of operation separate unit turbine units are desirable, deserve to be called desirable, reach the object of the invention.
Present technique is a new technology that is based upon in the new heat definition.
The new ideas of present technique are: temperature raises and to make volumetric flow of gas produce increment, increment and pressure form in the heat can, determine in the heat can size index be heat density (kilocalorie/meter
3), not heat flow (kilocalorie/second).
The new mechanism of present technique is: the gaseous mass in the power system and its heat content are all constant, but repeatedly pressurization, heat build-up used continuously.Not only no longer to use with once just discharging.
The new material of present technique is: light gas, and multiple optional.
The novel part of present technique is: with the combustion matter of the compression property of gas replacement " energy " the word indication that " brings temperature rise ", replace fuel-burning equipment and the combustion matter equipment such as fortune of mining and refining with compressor.
The circulation form that present technique is new is: working medium and heat all circulate at the power system inner sealing, cause can produce the process of utilizing in the air heat, consist of a typical complete calorific potential, hot interior can be frequently existing gas-circulating system.
The present technique breach is: find that gas compression has the heat build-up effect, this mode of newly utilizing to heat will be brought the technological revolution of energy in the exploitation air heat.
Owing to adopted such scheme, waste heat overbottom pressure all to be retained in sustainable use in the gas, really be desirable from environmental angle from energy angle, energy acquisition is simple, only uses the gas compressor pressurized gas.Adopt present mature technology equipment in usefulness, can take effect at once.Make one almost impossibility (without the heat power of fuel) become possibility: beneficial effect has three:
1, eliminated technically the exhausted problem of existing power heat source, can be to satisfy human wilderness demand to the energy in the pressurized gas body heat.
2, eliminated technically dynamic destruction to environment for human survival.
3, power cost is cheap.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is power system tectonic maps the first embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 2 is power system principle figure of the present invention
Fig. 3 is power system control principle drawing of the present invention
Fig. 4 is power system gas compressor performance map of the present invention
Fig. 5 can produce analysis diagram in the power system heat of the present invention
Fig. 6 is power system open type service chart of the present invention (special case)
Fig. 7 is power system variation figure the second embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 8 is pot type energy delivery mechanisms schematic diagram
Among the figure 1, gas compressor, 2, gas motive power machine, 3, the high pressure air pipeline; 4 low pressure gas pipelines, 5, invisible power compressor, 6,7,8,9, autocontrol valve, 10, the high pressure air regulating tank, 11, the low pressure gas regulating tank, 12, the gas-water pressure tank, 13 Double-linkages transposition control valve, 14, three interlock transposition control valves.1 machine of 1-1 machine 1,2 machines of 1-2 machine 1,
N among Fig. 1
1Gas motive power machine drops into power, N
2The high pressure air transmitted power, N
3The gas motive power machine output power, Q
1, (Q
2+ Q
t) recycle gas volume flowrate in low pressure duct, Q
tThe air heat flow, t
1Low pressure line gas temperature t
2The pressure duct gas temperature, p
1The low pressure line gas pressure, p
2The pressure duct gas pressure.P gas compressor pressure.
Among Fig. 25, invisible gas compressor, N
tThe gas energy that invisible compressor forms, for the principle of specification imagination.
Valve 6 valves 8 link with the suction valve of gas motive power machine among Fig. 3, guarantee that air inflow is consistent, regulate gas tank 10,11 adjustings as seepage and difference variation, and valve 7,9 is regulated the main frame outlet pressures and prevented surge and cavitation erosion.
The t time among Fig. 4, t
pThe expression gas compression time, t
tThe expression gas hot expanding type time, t
tWith t
pThe mutual alignment reflect the performance of this machine, t
tAt t
pAfterwards, the gas holder outlet should add thermoscope, and 90% thermal expansion is finished in storage tank, and Fig. 4 presses M-7.5/100 type air press performance map for the Chongqing, and the existing thermoscope that is located at the compressor air-discharging outlet still keeps.
Y coordinate among Fig. 5: A image heat density (ρ kg/m
3), B image heat flow (Q
tm
3S), can (N in the C image heat
tKw).Abscissa: L runner Zong Long degree, L
2Gas compressor Duan Long degree, L
3High-voltage tube highway section Long degree, L
4Gas motive power machine Duan Long degree, L
1Low-voltage tube highway section Long degree.Can find out can N in the heat
tThat gas produces in certain hot physics situation, at L
2Section.
The dotted line of Fig. 6 mesolow pipeline 4 represents to access atmosphere, t
0Location atmospheric temperature P
0The location atmospheric pressure.
2-0, energy delivery mechanisms among Fig. 7,2-2, water turbine, 3-2, high pressure water pipeline, 4-2, low-pressure water pipeline, P
1The low-voltage tube water pressure, N
2The hydroturbine water intake energy, Q
T+Q
2Equivalent with the gas flow system flow.
Six gas-water pressure tanks stand up among Fig. 8, and upper figure A is gas System Working Principle figure, and figure below B is the water system fundamental diagram, it is to utilize water to overweight the principle of gas that the gas energy becomes the water energy, and gas is on the top of tank, and water is in the bottom, aeration quantity increases, and the water that has more is extruded from the bottom.The operation conditions of tank occurs different states by 4 Double-linkages transposition control valves and the control of 24 three interlock transposition control valves in the follow procedure action tank, and the equal section at one time of two kinds of valve events is water energy stream with the gas energy rheology in one group of tank.It is all the same that the front figure that occurs among the rear figure indicates implication.
The first embodiment is shown in Figure 1, power system is comprised of gas compressor 1 and gas motive power machine 2, and compressor 1 is connected with gas motive power machine between the gas import and is connected with pressure duct, and the outlet of power engine 2 gas is connected with compressor and is connected with low pressure line between the aspiration mouth, compressor 1 is driven by external force, and driving power is N
1, gas motive power machine 2 outside transmitting powers, power is N
3The characteristics of this power system are secretly to deposit an invisible power system in above-mentioned tangible power system.The heat flow Q that invisible power system is produced by invisible gas compressor 5 (Fig. 2) and invisible gas compressor
tAnd the part that gas motive power machine 2 capacity increase forms.Two power systems are combined work.Their power is constructed and process is, the compressed machine 1 of the gas in Fig. 1 pipe 4 enters pipe 3, and temperature, pressure are by t
1, p
1Rise to t
2, p
2, volume flowrate is: tangible power system is by Q
1Become Q
2, invisible power system becomes Q by 0
t, Q
2+ Q
tHave common pressure p, together through gas motive power machine 2 works done, energy and be
N
2＝(Q
2+Q
t)p/102＝N
1+N
t
Q
2+ Q
tThrough gas motive power machine 2 works done, enter pipe 4 from gas motive power machine gas out together, temperature, pressure is by t
2, p
2Reduce to t
1, p
1, volume flowrate is respectively by Q
2Become Q
1, Q
tBecome 0, the kinetic parameter of real gas compressor only has a flow Q, Q=Q
2+ Q
t, for problem definition in vain specially with flow Q
tPut forward.N
t=Q
tP/102 is the energy of Ordering-the technology pursue.
Owing to exist hysteresis, giving automatically, control brings difficulty, gas compressor 1 and gas motive power machine 2 be start-stop simultaneously, load variations also should be corresponding, autocontrol valve 7 among Fig. 3,8 should link with the suction valve of providing for oneself of gas motive power machine 2, machine 1 can not have surge, by autocontrol valve 7, automatically controls according to air outlet gas pressure parameter.To the requirement of compressor, the one, inlet outlet pressure differential is suitable, and the 2nd, the compressor gas molecular weight is little, and the compressor of specializing in this power system must provide the technical performance figure (Fig. 4) through experiment, and the designer is according to figure performance type selecting.Fig. 6 is the special case of Fig. 1.
Shown in second embodiment Fig. 7, the outside outputting power of gas motive power machine among the suitable Fig. 1 of water turbine 2-2, add an energy delivery mechanisms 2-0 among the suitable Fig. 1 of Fig. 7,2-0 is divided into two systems with Fig. 1 power system, the left side is the gas system, right-hand part is water system, the gas system is comprised of compressor 1 and energy delivery mechanisms 2-0, two equipment connect with two pressure ducts 3, water system is comprised of energy delivery mechanisms 2-0 and water turbine 2-2, two equipment connect with pressure duct 3-2, low pressure line 4-2, and air water forms two circulation loops.It is N that gas system compresses machine 1 drops into power
1/ 2, the outside output power of water turbine 2-2 is N
3, energy delivery mechanisms passes to the water body that the water system low pressure line comes in the centre with the energy of high pressure air, and the current with energy enter the water turbine work done through pressure duct 3-2, enter afterwards low pressure line 4-2, the continuously outside outputting power of water turbine.Water turbine is temperature influence not, acquisition be the energy of same equal pressure, equal volume, water can formula be that N=9.81QH becomes head to pressure P, H=P/ γ substitution following formula gets N=Q P/102, and gas energy equates.At the suitable water pump of water system energy delivery mechanisms, the water of inhaling in the low pressure line is energized, and enters pressure duct.Energy delivery mechanisms (Fig. 8) primary clustering is 6 gas-water pressure tanks 12, and 4 Double-linkage transposition control valves 13, and 24 three interlock transposition control valves 14.6 long thin shapes of gas-water pressure tank stand up, and gas in the bottom, pushes up enterprising pressure gas to the pressurization of canful water in upper water, and the water that obtains pressure is drawn from the bottom, and a tank gas is full of water and replaces away.In the time of gas replenishment process, water turbine pipe 4-2 discharges water to another slack tank, and three tanks of a gas replenishment process are participated in running simultaneously.Three tanks are one group, change tank and change between two groups.Changing tank must have a transient time, and the progressively transition of flow of front and back two tanks should be by sinusoidal line rule handing-over, and the current that guarantee to enter water turbine are even.Two groups of tank discontinuous operations are rotated repeatedly.Energy delivery mechanisms is divided into continuous fluid sectional with tank, be combined into again continuous fluid at last.The two groups of tank flows transition of Fig. 8 (A) gas system is by 13 interlocks of two Double-linkage transposition control valves, and two Double-linkage transpositions of (B) water system control valve 13 corresponding during interlock is followed action.The working procedure of concrete I group tank is: compressor is bled from tank I-I and is filled to tank I-2, water turbine 2-2 tail water enters tank I-3,12 three interlock transpositions of corresponding I group control valve will cooperate said procedure and move, if 13, the unlatching of 14 valves (closing) time is t (10 seconds), the inflationtime of each tank 1900 seconds.When Fig. 8 system inflated to each tank in normal working, the temperature, pressure of getting beginning in the gas tank was t
2, p
2, with the t that takes away of gas
2, p
2Reduce to t
1, p
1Gas compressor 1-1 drops into energy and is raised to N by 0
1Get two on the compressor of large specification, institute's distribution motivation is N at the mean value that becomes its driving power of working under the lotus
1/ 2.The second embodiment's shown in Figure 7 power system efficient and efficient shown in Figure 1 relatively improve 1 times.The water turbine peak efficiency is 95%, and is higher by 20% than gas-turbine, and embodiment two example one can raise the efficiency 1.2 times.Energy delivery mechanisms has again second effect: the input energy of saving compressor.Gas compressor in the system, water turbine, energy delivery mechanisms three-major-items will link take water turbine as main, in addition two servo-actuated.Valve 6 among Fig. 3, keep at present embodiment, valve 9 is a kind of devices that the control water turbine does not cavitate, and belongs to another control system, automatically regulates aperture with hydraulic turbine outlet hydraulic pressure.Valve 8 and 10,11 cancellations of high low pressure Chu gas tank, 6 gas-water pressure tanks have regulating action.Unique shortcoming of the second embodiment is that temperature surpasses 100 ℃ of water and can seethe with excitement, and needs to improve P
1Value makes water temperature below boiling point.
Embodiment
The combined equipment of this power system is selected present existing device as far as possible, but existing dissatisfactory equipment temporary is developed integratedly after new improving equipment waited until, and the energy of a cost free is swung first as early as possible for the production of being major issue.Existing gas compressor description is various, all is non-power industry special device, and alternative only have W-7.5/100 type compressor to be fit to, and it is inadequate that pressure is lower than the 8Mpa heat build-up, is higher than the restriction that 10Mpa is subject to gas table.Compressor is used for this power system different requirements, need the excellent large capacity compressor of joining of exploitation, tried holding property of compression figure must be arranged, be convenient to type selecting, set up a power system series special standard, the compressor that is used for the second embodiment must be compressor centrifugal or the axial blade formula.Short and stout gas holder changes long thin shape into, in establish the deceleration flow homogenizer and make the air-flow uniform-flow cross whole appearance body, guarantee to finish whole thermal expansions in the tank.Gas motive power machine can select arbitrarily, and power engine is joined compressor, all can order goods to existing I. C. engine steam turbine producer and produce on request middle-size and small-size dynamical system column selection internal-combustion engine, medium-and-large-sized dynamical system column selection gas-turbine.Internal-combustion engine is cancelled former fuel injector igniter, changes to establish air inlet-outlet device, and the pressure gas of this power system is introduced the cylinder work done.Internal-combustion engine is thought the low thermal efficiency that refers to of efficient in the past, the gas waste-heat overbottom pressure that is used for the discharge of this power system cylinder is not wasted, throughput is even by rule control action power, have two measures can be theoretically almost all utilizing in the heat of pressure gas, efficient can reach a very high value, and its rotating speed is low can to become a desirable gas motive power machine.Measure 1 be on the air inlet pipeline the gate valve automatic control flow as required evenly gradual change type enter cylinder, measure 2 is that the interior circulation of system lock can accomplish that tolerance do not run, flywheel still keeps, and only less connecting lever unbalanced force is balanced.The gas-turbine exhaust end does not vacuumize, and pressure, temperature are exactly the pressure and temp in Fig. 1 pipe 4, and numerous parts of former steam turbine are only got gas work done power generating part.The shortcoming of steam turbine is that dynamic efficiency is low, the second embodiment can become press water to pressure gas and can make gas motive power machine with water turbine and just address this problem, and steam turbine dynamic efficiency 74.45% is brought up to 95% of turbine efficiency, improve 20.55%, the driven compressor energy is reduced to N
1/ 2, the two addition can raise the efficiency 120%, and table the 3, the same heat build-up amount of 4 running statees but can be taken out more energy with water turbine, and other advantages of water turbine possess entirely.Water turbine selects the pumped storage machine, mix water machine gas etching treatment method (patent No. 200710301305.6), adapt to head and can reach 1000～1500m, just in time mate with compressor pressure, this technology not only solves the cavitation erosion problem, also can make simultaneously the efficient of arbitrary load point, idle running point bring up to this machine peak efficiency value, reduces but another benefit is the faster rotational speed volume, it is horizontal that water turbine also can be made transverse axis, equally exquisite with steam turbine.The second embodiment has more an energy delivery mechanisms, but the input that its benefit has more much larger than equipment, " W-7.5/100 replacement " the 4th state is that this flow vane compressor of this pressure is used for the parameter that water turbine is got energy, the best in the table.Power train in vehicle application requires weight to want light volume little, lighter-than-air gas is several in addition, capacitation ratio and molecular weight are inversely proportional to, select other lighter gas capacitation ratios can exceed several times, press the reaction force system to connect, obtain energy and can amplify step by step, amplification can reach 10 times by driving-energy capacitation ratio such as helium hydrogen gas compressor one-level, original startup energy can meet the demands by electric power storage, and automobile-used pressure reaction force takes up room can not exceed existing power space.The compressor pressure of any gas has 10Mpa all can satisfy the heat build-up requirement, and delivery temperature can be by the running state adjustment, raises to reduce the intake temperature delivery temperature and follow lifting, and the adjustment by the cooling water flow size is temperature behind the adjustable seamless also.Several running statees can be found out from table, and delivery temperature must be got high value and be obtained just height of interior energy ratio, just Zhi Des getting.Two kinds of power engines of compressor and air water are ripe technology entirely, and present technique can take effect very soon.
Expanding volume (0.003093-0.001252=) 0.001841m
3Be the volume that passed through in 1 second, flow Q
t=0.001841m
3/ s is a kind of profound gas flow, as long as power system is started, the compressor rated pressure forms, and therefore it say that just in the gas-turbine work done it is the new energy of pressing the reaction force system acquisition.Its thing heat-obtaining of apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler combustion is brought up to 550 ℃ with the steam temperature in second air bag from 215 ℃, and compressor is by heat build-up air temperature to be brought up to 550 ℃ from 18 ℃, and the two principle communicates.
[annotating 1] thermomechanics and hydraulics are two subjects that walk abreast, and all are ripe technology through for many years practice, and hydraulics is a subdiscipline that is planted on the Newtonian mechanics, and thermomechanics is then non-.Energy comes from the power of material, and the material of fixed volume its energy under potential control shows as external movement power, and gaseous matter shows as hot internal force under calorific potential control.Heat is without quality, is material how with power scrap (bridge) not, the energy which comes? but only have just produce power of material, exist contradiction with Newtonian mechanics.
Drafting and the calculating of [annotating 2] gas compression status list
1, in the equation of state two be constant, three is parameter, three is solid one, exists certain relation between two in addition, knows that one can ask its two, one equation to reflect a state, number state can reflect the variation overall picture.Gas constant R (seeing Appendix 1) calculates according to molecular weight gas, and quality m obtains from press front parameter with equation of state, and pressure is standard atmospheric pressure, and volume is flow volume, and it is 0.125m that the W-7.5/100 type is pressed front volume
3, all being controlled to be whose barometric pressure of mark before pressing and from gas-turbine low pressure gas out, normal temperature is decided to be 15 ℃ before pressing.
2, press rear volume and energy to obtain with equation of state, the corresponding equation of state of temperature spots utilizes equation of state to obtain first volume and asks gas energy again, and the left side product pV of equation (1-3) equal sign is the energy (kgf take merit as unit.M), again with other formula by 102 remove just be able to the energy that power is unit (kw), calculating with formula (1) also must be with value.
3, sequence number 8 is press delivery temperature calculating value, and true value must not surpass gas-turbine and allow intake temperature.Minimum volume and expanding volume are obtained with equation of state behind the isothermal village.Import energy-14kw before many De Renei energy=expansion gas energy-pressure.
[annex 1]: select from the bronze bell high mountain Wang Xiao of " turbo-compressor " Chemical Industry Press and put and write the 8th page
Concerning perfect gas, no matter be what gas, perhaps be in which kind of state, a kind of general character is arranged, that is exactly
pυ＝RT (1-1)
Or p/ ρ=RT (1-2)
For m kg mass gas, then formula (1-1) can be write as
pV＝mRT (1-3)
13 pages
Because specific heat capacity is the function of temperature, so calculating by temperature t
1Change to t
2The time add to the heat of gas, should calculate with the method for integration.For convenience of calculation, many gases commonly used are made chart from 0 ℃ of mean specific heat to temperature t on the engineering.Utilize it to calculate t
1To t
2The heat Q that adds to
1-2For
In the formula,
Represent that respectively temperature is from 0 to t
2With 0 to t
1Mean specific heat, J/kg is checked in by thermodynamic property table.
[annex 2]: Chongqing Compressors Factory catalogue
Air compressor model air displacement (m
3/ min) exhaust pressure (Mpa) drive motor power (kw) weight (t) W-7.5/100 7.5 10 110 6
[annex 3]: 158 pages of the 6th of Chinese electronic product catalogue China Machine Press June in 2000
Nitrogen-hydrogen compressor model air displacement (m
3/ min) exhaust pressure (Mpa) pressure of inspiration(Pi) (Mpa) drive motor power (kw) 6M40-340/314 340 31.4 0.005 4800
[the ripe worker Jiao of the annex 4] 《 Gas Body Hot Li Quality table 》 full Sue Hot worker work Jiao Tong Da Learn of research institute Yan Shi Translation Long Door Couplet closes Books office and publishes the 27th page of publication in 1954
Gas table
Air/
Claims (7)
1. power system, it is by gas compressor, pressure duct, gas motive power machine, low pressure line is linked to be a loop successively, gas circulation flows, gas compressor is calmed the anger and is driven by external force, the outside outputting power of gas motive power machine converted gas energy, except the driven compressor energy of output conservation, also export a energy that has more, the energy that the energy system that has more presses the distinctive function of anti-interior motility system to produce, peculiar function comes from second function that gas compressor not yet is exploited, namely supporting pipe tank exposed face is incubated, the heat that the gas compression processes hysteresis produces is all kept here, make delivery temperature bring up to maximum value, the γ-ray emission thermal expansion, the volume that has more with isothermal compression after minimum volume equally have energy, this energy is changed together through gas motive power machine and is output the then energy for having more, it is characterized in that: the driven compressor energy is brought up to rating value to gas pressure, corresponding gas volume is condensed to a minimum value, and possess certain flow rate, feature in its feature is: the volume that minimum volume has more after the pressure front volume specific pressure becomes nothing, change but all lags behind without volume institute heat content and has given the minimum volume after the pressure, minimum volume is an isolated system in the large power system of compressor, from occuring to one section calorific potential control system for increasing of gas motive power machine outlet, its many heats systems outside the calorific potential control system that increases, obtain, it has the calorific potential control system characteristic of increase that the general character of large power system is also arranged, its characteristic determines the inevitable thermal expansion of gas volume, its general character determines that 1 class gas hot expanding type must expand by the equation of state of gas rule, the hysteresis characteristic of 1 class gas determines that again its temperature raises and volumetric expansion lags behind compression process, expanding volume also has more the energy that a thermal volume expansion brings after pressing except having the air-suction state energy, flow is possessed the driving-energy of conservation after pressing, in the total energy minute one with press before the equivalent part of gas energy discharged by gas motive power machine, remaining part is converted to rotating mechanical energy by gas motive power machine and transfers out, the calorific potential control system that increases is to be compounded in to press intrasystem 1 special system of reaction force, presses anti-interior motility system to become 1 artificial iea by this special system.
2. power system according to claim 1 is characterized in that; Exist 1 invisible power system in the tangible power system, the energy that invisible power system is obtained is the interior energy of the heat of gas, can be created in the pressure duct in the heat, acting quite increases by 1 invisible gas compressor during by gas motive power machine, energy and gas motive power machine capacity increase part form invisible power system in invisible gas compressor, the heat, its essence is invisible power system use tangible gas compressor produce in the heat can, use again tangible gas motive power machine and can be converted to mechanical energy and transfer out heat is interior.
3. power system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the mode of heating to gas is centralization type, finishes simultaneously in the pressurized gas process by compressor, unit of measurement is heat density (card/rice
3), the heat that heat contains from gas in the power system, hot total amount is constant, gather heating to the repeated multiple times use of heat, can be presented as heat flow in the air heat, compressor delivery pressure is constant, and per unit volume the pressure gas heat density that has and the hysteresis characteristic that has that goes out fork-like farm tool used in ancient China produces 1 heat corresponding with the heat density Swelling flow of splashing in high-voltage tube, namely have more 1 part with the flow of pressure.
4. power system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the heat of gathering causes temperature to raise, bring the generation of energy in the heat, owing to can produce in the heat and lag behind gas compression processes, the energy that drop into of gas compressor not more, heat also drops into energy without quality compressor compresses heat more, can be white in the heat.
5. power system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: if working medium is selected air, and the open type operation, the arrogant aspiration gas of gas compressor, gas motive power machine gas out enters again atmosphere, is 1 special case of this power system.
6. power system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: pressure gas is except direct introducing gas motive power machine acting, also have the 2nd scheme, gas can be converted to the pressure energy of water by energy transfer mechanism, make water enter water turbine output energy, turbine efficiency is high by 20% than gas-turbine, and middle-low load idle running can move, gas motive power machine in the described power system changes water turbine into, need to set up 1 cover energy delivery mechanisms at water turbine and compressor chamber, being the gas system between compressor and energy delivery mechanisms, is water system between transfer mechanism and water turbine.
Power system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: energy delivery mechanisms also has second effect except transferring energy, energy delivery mechanisms is that 6 gas tanks are bled by turns and inflated, make former compressor suction pressure by entirely changing into from high to low for low pressure, can make the input energy (kw) of gas compressor reduce half, the driving-energy (kw) that drops into is with value, and the energy that get but can increase by 1 times more.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108918585A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-30 | 盐城师范学院 | Gaseous state procedural test system |
| CN109990867A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-09 | 安徽中科龙安科技股份有限公司 | A kind of road ponding on-line intelligence detection method and system |
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2013
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108918585A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-30 | 盐城师范学院 | Gaseous state procedural test system |
| CN109990867A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-09 | 安徽中科龙安科技股份有限公司 | A kind of road ponding on-line intelligence detection method and system |
| CN109990867B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2020-07-10 | 安徽中科龙安科技股份有限公司 | Road accumulated water online intelligent detection method and system |
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