CN103351205B - Preparation method of special controlled-release long-acting composite fertilizer for fruit trees - Google Patents
Preparation method of special controlled-release long-acting composite fertilizer for fruit trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a special controlled-release long-acting composite fertilizer for fruit trees. The composite fertilizer is a mixture comprising components without special fertilizer efficiencies and a plurality of fertilizers containing substances influencing the nitrification of urea in soil. The composite fertilizer uses component fertilizer as fertilizer core, and is obtained by filming and applying powder processing. The composite fertilizer is prepared by using 20-50 parts by weight of urea, 5-15 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate, 15-50 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 15-30 parts by weight of a composite phosphorus fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 parts by weight of an iron and zinc additive, 7-10 parts by weight of a granulating aid, and a proper amount of water. The preparation method of the composite fertilizer comprises the following steps: 1, preparing a potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer compound; 2, preparing a mixed phosphorus fertilizer; 3, preparing mixed parts of all the components of the composite fertilizer; 4, coating stearic acid; 5, applying modified zeolite powder; and 6, screening. The preparation method of the composite fertilizer having the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, excellent controlled release performance, increase of the outputs of the tree trees, and fruit quality improvement is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the preparation method of the special sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer of a planting fruit-trees.Belong to the multiple fertilizer containing the material affecting urea nitrification in soil and the mixture without special fertilizer efficiency component.
Background technology
Fruit contains abundant VITAMIN, mineral substance, Mierocrystalline cellulose and fructose.In daily life, food ingestion is large, and lay equal stress on grain, vegetables in human diet structure, its output and cultivated area have obvious ascendant trend.Critical role is occupied in the people's livelihood and national economy.Economy of the fruit tree benefit depends on output and the production cost of fruit tree.The target of the high-quality of fruit tree people's unremitting pursue especially.Effectively utilize limited land resources, the output and the fruit quality that improve fruit tree crop are the directions that people make great efforts.
The growth of fruit tree, as other farm crop, needs to use NPK fertilizers, also need to be rich in calcium, iron, Liu, ?etc. many mineral substance and trace element.The nitrogen element that its necessary for growth absorbs is in the majority, and nitrogenous fertilizer is to raising output of the fruit tree successful.
The high-quality nitrogenous fertilizer that urea is nitrogenous height, fertilizer efficiency is fast, consumption is large.But in use, easily run off by approach such as volatilization, leaching, decomposition and runoffs, cause fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio not high, this not only causes the waste of chemical fertilizer to urea, and for the environment that the mankind such as air, water body soil depend on for existence.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, at present, sulphur and the various macromolecule resin of adopting carries out coating process to urea more both at home and abroad.Or add uric acid inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor; Utilize the high molecular polymer such as cyclochloride resin, acrylic resin material coated even multilayer coating or severally comprise the composition such as fertiliser granulates mixing sustained-release and controlled release fertilizer; Coated fertilizer is difficult to, in degraded in soil, work the mischief to edatope.And complex process, manufacturing cost is high, contaminate environment.
The Chinese Patent Application No. 201110021688.8 " biodegradable coated urea " of Shikefeng Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.'s application successfully solves the above problem of urea nitrogenous fertilizer existence, the stearic acid that can degrade under soil microorganisms effect of utilization is as the coated fertilizer of nitrogenous fertilizer urea, provide a kind of coated fertilizer biodegradable, pollution-free, the biodegradable coated urea product of the utilization ratio of fertilizer can be improved again.But it is a kind of high-quality nitrogenous fertilizer, and nutritive ingredient is single, can not as the slow release fertilizer being suitable for planting fruit trees and using.
Phosphorus is the important composition element of cytoplasmic biomolecule, is also the requisite a kind of element of plant-growth.Phosphatic rock is the main raw mineral materials manufacturing phosphate fertilizer and extract phosphorus and compound thereof; But manufacture phosphate fertilizer and require phosphatic rock P
2o
5>=28%; Extract the phosphatic rock P of phosphorus and compound requirement thereof
2o
5content higher.
And along with the development of phosphorus chemical product and Phosphate Fertilizer Industry, ground phosphate rock requirement increases sharply, and higher-grade phosphate rock resource is deficient.The mode of production only depending on rich phosphorus ore can not meet the demands.In this case, the exploitation of the phosphatic rock resource that grade is not high, no matter for economizing on resources, or protection of the environment is all significant.
At present, the preparation method of the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that fruit tree is special is also rare.
In sum, special fertilizer for fruit trees of the prior art exists following not enough:
1.. multilayer coating, complex manufacturing, investment is large, production cost is high.
2. coated fertilizer is difficult to degraded, and life-time service can bring negative impact to soil; Even soil is polluted, affect the quality of agricultural-food.
3. the main nutrient elements proportioning in fertilizer is not mated for fruit tree growth demand, and fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio is low.
4. lack necessary trace element, not comprehensive nutrition, affects output increased.
5. can improve the preparation method of the special sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer of the fruit tree of output of the fruit tree and fruit quality, also rare.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid above-mentioned weak point of the prior art, and a kind of comprehensive nutrition is provided, sustained release performance is excellent, fully can meet the demand of fruit tree to nutrient, play the effect of fertilizer to greatest extent, that can improve that output of the fruit tree can improve again fruit quality is suitable for the multiple and fertilizer of slowly-releasing that planting fruit trees uses.
Object of the present invention can be reached by following measure:
The preparation method of the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that fruit tree of the present invention is special, is characterized in that being made up of the following raw material according to mass fraction meter:
Wherein:
Described mixed phosphorus fertilizer is composited by diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and floats, its mass percent such as under:
Diammonium phosphate % 45 ~ 60
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate % 15 ~ 25
Floats % 25 ~ 40
Described floats are P
2o
5the low grade rock phosphate of content between 10% ~ 20%;
Described Tie, ?additive be calcium, Tie, ? water-soluble salt;
Described granulation aid is mixed by the wilkinite of 70%-85% and the bauxite powder of 30%-15% and forms;
Its preparation method comprises the steps:
1.. the preparation of potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture
First after urea 20 ~ 50 weight part heating and melting, ammonium sulfate 5 ~ 15 weight part is added and potassium sulfate 15 ~ 50 weight part mixes, obtained containing potassium, sulphur, the potash fertilizer of ammonium, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture, for subsequent use;
2.. prepared by mixed phosphorus fertilizer
A. the preparation of floats
Will containing P
2o
510% ~ 20% phosphatic rock grinds, the fineness of floats controls 100 order ± 10, for subsequent use;
B. mix
Floats 25 ~ 40 weight part diammonium phosphate 45 ~ 60 weight part, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 15 ~ 25 weight part and step a prepared mixes, for subsequent use;
3.. the preparation of each component composite grain of compound manure
The potash fertilizer that 1. step is prepared, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture and step 2. prepare mixed phosphorus fertilizer 15 ~ 30 weight part, Tie, ?additive 0.1 ~ 0.5 weight part and granulation aid 7 ~ 10 weight part be mixed evenly, add suitable quantity of water, utilize traditional tablets press by each for described compound manure component mixing granulation, for subsequent use;
4.. stearic acid film
Stearic consumption is 0.5% ~ 3.0% of compound manure each component composite grain quality that 3. step is prepared, and coating method is as follows:
A.. the stearic preparation of melting
Coating through according to after formula accurate-metering with stearic acid, drops in stearic acid fusion tank, is heated to molten state, for subsequent use;
B.. coating
According to each component composite grain of compound manure that 3. formula accurate-metering step is prepared, the melting stearic acid prepared with step a, carries out particle trypsin method in drum-type mixing granulation machine, makes composite grain outside surface form uniform as far as possible coating, warm air drying, room temperature air cooling, for subsequent use; Processing condition are as follows:
Warm air drying temperature is not higher than 80 DEG C
Cooling draught temperature is not higher than 50 DEG C;
5.. modified zeolite powder powder body material is applied powder
A. the preparation of face powder mixed powder
According to Magnesium Stearate 0.5% ~ 2.0%, the proportioning raw materials of zeolite powder 99.5% ~ 98.0%, accurately takes feed components respectively, mixes, grinding flour, controls powder fineness and crosses 120 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
B. to apply powder coating
The each component composite grain face powder of the compound manure that the mixed powder consumption prepared by step a controls 3. to prepare in every 1000kg step 10 ~ 15kg;
6.. screening, metering, quality test, qualified rear packaging, the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that obtained fruit tree is special; Products obtained therefrom particle appearance is mellow and full, product free from extraneous odour.
Quality product reaches following technical indicator:
Crop growth is except demand N, P, K nutritive element, and S, Ca are also that demand is comparatively large and are that plant generates indispensable nutritive element.Sulphur is the important composition forming protein, and calcium plays irreplaceable vital role to the rudiment of plant seed and the growth of organ.S, Ca element enters compound manure component, in plant growth, prevention and elimination of disease and pests and improvement soil are many, all can produce positively effect.
Element sulphur in composition of raw materials of the present invention adds with the form of soluble sulphate, and large percentage, the fourth-largest nutritive element that plant growth is necessary, directly provides sulphur nutrient for fruit tree grows up.Phosphatic rock component in formula mixed phosphorus fertilizer, except containing except phosphoric, provides calcium constituent simultaneously, and with other components in composition of raw materials, compatibility is good, is applicable to fruit tree growth.To the raising output of fruit tree and the quality of fruit.Make contribution.
Object of the present invention can also be reached by following measure:
The preparation method of the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that fruit tree of the present invention is special, is characterized in that being made up of the following raw material according to mass fraction meter:
Wherein:
Described mixed fertilizer is composited by diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and floats, its mass percent such as under:
Diammonium phosphate 50 ~ 55
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 20 ~ 25
Floats 25 ~ 30.
It is preferred technical scheme.
The preparation method of the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that fruit tree of the present invention is special, is characterized in that being made up of the following raw material according to mass fraction meter:
Wherein:
Described mixed fertilizer is composited by diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and floats, its mass percent such as under:
Diammonium phosphate 35
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 25
Floats 40.
It is a preferred technical scheme.
Compound manure prepared by the preparation method of the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that fruit tree of the present invention is special, is characterized in that quality product reaches following technical indicator:
The application process of composite fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that fruit tree of the present invention is special, is characterized in that disposable employed, 45 ~ 50Kg/ mu.
The preparation method of the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that fruit tree of the present invention is special has following positively effect compared to existing technology:
1. provide a kind of comprehensive nutrition, sustained release performance is excellent, fully can meet the demand of fruit tree to nutrient, play the effect of fertilizer to greatest extent, and that can improve that output of the fruit tree can improve again its quality is suitable for the multiple and fertilizer of slowly-releasing that planting fruit trees uses.
2. individual layer coating, generating process is simple, and low equipment investment, production cost is low.
3. coated fertilizer can be degraded under soil microorganisms effect, avoids the pollution of coated fertilizer to edatope.
4. the main nutrient elements reasonable ratio in fertilizer, the element sulphur in composition of raw materials adds with the form of soluble sulphate, and large percentage, the fourth-largest nutritive element that plant growth is necessary, for fruit tree directly provides sulphur nutrient.Fertilizer efficiency utilization ratio is high, improves the yield and quality of fruit.
5. adopt low grade as the raw material of fertilizer.Save valuable higher-grade phosphate rock resource.Protection of the environment simultaneously.
6., because of not chloride ion-containing, for special fertilizer for fruit trees, there is the effect of increasing production and improying productivity.On average increase the yield of fruit 6.3%-17.7%.
Embodiment
The present invention will now be further detailed embodiment:
Embodiment 1
The special sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer of fruit tree is prepared according to the following step
1.. the preparation of potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture
First after urea 30 weight part heating and melting, ammonium sulfate 10 weight part is added and potassium sulfate 30 weight part mixes, obtained containing potassium, sulphur, the potash fertilizer of ammonium, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture, for subsequent use;
2.. prepared by mixed phosphorus fertilizer
A. the preparation of floats
Will containing P
2o
510% ~ 20% phosphatic rock grinds, the fineness of floats controls 100 order ± 10, for subsequent use;
B. mix
Floats 25 ~ 40 weight part diammonium phosphate 45 ~ 60 weight part, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 15 ~ 25 weight part and step a prepared mixes, for subsequent use;
3.. the preparation of each component composite grain of compound manure
The potash fertilizer that 1. step is prepared, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture and step 2. prepare mixed phosphorus fertilizer 20 weight part, Tie, ?additive 0.5 weight part and granulation aid 9.5 weight part be mixed evenly, add suitable quantity of water, utilize traditional tablets press by each for described compound manure component mixing granulation, for subsequent use;
4.. stearic acid film
Stearic consumption is 0.5% ~ 3.0% of compound manure each component composite grain quality that 3. step is prepared, and coating method is as follows:
A.. the stearic preparation of melting
Coating through according to after formula accurate-metering with stearic acid, drops in stearic acid fusion tank, is heated to molten state, for subsequent use;
B.. coating
According to each component composite grain of compound manure that 3. formula accurate-metering step is prepared, the melting stearic acid prepared with step a, carries out particle trypsin method in drum-type mixing granulation machine, makes composite grain outside surface form uniform as far as possible coating, warm air drying, room temperature air cooling, for subsequent use; Processing condition are as follows:
Warm air drying temperature is not higher than 80 DEG C
Cooling draught temperature is not higher than 50 DEG C;
5.. modified zeolite powder powder body material is applied powder
A. the preparation of face powder mixed powder
According to Magnesium Stearate 0.5% ~ 2.0%, the proportioning raw materials of zeolite powder 99.5% ~ 98.0%, accurately takes feed components respectively, mixes, grinding flour, controls powder fineness and crosses 120 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
B. to apply powder coating
The each component composite grain face powder of the compound manure that the mixed powder consumption prepared by step a controls 3. to prepare in every 1000kg step 10 ~ 15kg;
6.. screening, metering, quality test, qualified rear packaging, the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that obtained fruit tree is special
; Products obtained therefrom particle appearance is mellow and full, product free from extraneous odour;
Quality product reaches following technical indicator:
Use through field experiment, disposable employed,?-? Kg/ mu.On average increase the yield of fruit 6.3%-17.7%.
Embodiment 2 ~ embodiment 7
According to method and the step of embodiment 1, according to the formula of table 1, the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that preparation fruit tree is special
Table 1
The sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that obtained fruit tree is special; Products obtained therefrom particle appearance is mellow and full, product free from extraneous odour;
Quality product reaches following technical indicator:
Proving through using test, improving the output 5.3% ~ 13.7% of fruit.
Claims (1)
1. the preparation method of the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that a planting fruit-trees is special, is characterized in that using compound fertilizer granule as fertilizer core, more obtained after film, face powder process; The processing condition of preparation process and each step are as follows:
1.. the preparation of potash fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture
First after urea 30 weight part heating and melting, ammonium sulfate 10 weight part is added and potassium sulfate 30 weight part mixes, obtained containing potassium, sulphur, the potash fertilizer of ammonium, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture, for subsequent use;
2.. prepared by mixed phosphorus fertilizer
A. the preparation of floats
Will containing P
2o
510% ~ 20% phosphatic rock grinds, the fineness of floats controls 100 order ± 10, for subsequent use;
B. mix
Floats 25 ~ 40 weight part diammonium phosphate 45 ~ 60 weight part, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 15 ~ 25 weight part and step a prepared mixes, for subsequent use;
3.. the preparation of compound fertilizer granule
Mixed phosphorus fertilizer 20 weight part, iron, zinc additive 0.5 weight part and granulation aid 9.5 weight part that 2. potash fertilizer step 1. prepared, nitrogenous fertilizer mixture and step are prepared are mixed evenly, add suitable quantity of water, utilize traditional granulator granulation, obtained compound fertilizer granule is for subsequent use;
4.. stearic acid film
Stearic consumption is 0.5% ~ 3.0% of the compound fertilizer granule quality that 3. step is prepared, and coating method is as follows:
A.. the stearic preparation of melting
Coating through according to after formula accurate-metering with stearic acid, drops in stearic acid fusion tank, is heated to molten state, for subsequent use;
B.. coating
According to the compound fertilizer granule that 3. formula accurate-metering step is prepared, the melting stearic acid prepared with step a, carries out particle trypsin method in drum-type mixing granulation machine, makes compound fertilizer granule outside surface form uniform as far as possible coating, warm air drying, room temperature air cooling, for subsequent use; Processing condition are as follows:
Warm air drying temperature is not higher than 80 DEG C
Cooling draught temperature is not higher than 50 DEG C;
5.. modified zeolite powder powder body material is applied powder
A. the preparation of face powder mixed powder
According to Magnesium Stearate 0.5% ~ 2.0%, the proportioning raw materials of zeolite powder 99.5% ~ 98.0%, accurately takes feed components respectively, mixes, grinding flour, controls powder fineness and crosses 120 mesh sieves, for subsequent use;
B. to apply powder coating
The mixed powder adopting step a to prepare, carries out face powder process again by the compound fertilizer granule after step 4. stearic acid film, the consumption of face powder coating controls the compound fertilizer granule 10 ~ 15kg 3. prepared in every 1000kg step;
6.. screening, metering, quality test, qualified rear packaging, the sustained-release long-acting compound fertilizer that obtained fruit tree is special
; Products obtained therefrom particle appearance is mellow and full, product free from extraneous odour;
Quality product reaches following technical indicator:
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1235944A (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 1999-11-24 | 徐忱修 | Polyary long acting organic compound fertilizer and its preparing method |
| CN100999420A (en) * | 2006-12-23 | 2007-07-18 | 宾业有 | Method of fruit true nutrition preventing disease and fruit tree nutrition disease predenting preparation |
| CN102093144A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2011-06-15 | 施可丰化工股份有限公司 | Biodegradable coated urea |
-
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- 2012-12-26 CN CN201210574310.5A patent/CN103351205B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1235944A (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 1999-11-24 | 徐忱修 | Polyary long acting organic compound fertilizer and its preparing method |
| CN100999420A (en) * | 2006-12-23 | 2007-07-18 | 宾业有 | Method of fruit true nutrition preventing disease and fruit tree nutrition disease predenting preparation |
| CN102093144A (en) * | 2011-01-19 | 2011-06-15 | 施可丰化工股份有限公司 | Biodegradable coated urea |
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