CN103348744B - The method and apparatus for carrying out intelligent power management to mobile communication terminal using power threshold - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of method used in the mobile communication terminal for being configured as supporting multiple applications, wherein performing each application by performing one or more tasks.This method includes, the dispatch request in response to carrying out self-application, and the instruction of Power Supplies Condition is obtained in the run time of at least one mission requirements.This method further comprises obtaining to, in the prediction of the energy rate used of desired run time, the prediction of speed, the energy total amount that estimation completion task needs being used from energy, and be scheduled task judgement by task.Scheduling judges to include being selected from one group of two or more interchangeable tasks configuration, wherein being selected according to the standard for being associated the prediction of run time Power Supplies Condition and the energy rate used by task and the estimation of whole energy of completion task needs.

Description

Using power threshold to mobile communication terminal carry out intelligent power management method and Device

Technical field

The present invention relates to the power management in mobile communication terminal.

Background technology

Mobile terminal is just rapidly evolved into equipped with powerful processor, Large Copacity from the simple phone with camera Memory, high-resolution camera, multiple sensors and the powerful, multi-functional of larger special touch control display set It is standby.Meanwhile, mobile terminal has less form factor, and this adds limitation to the size and shape of battery.Even if current Mobile terminal has powerful battery, they while run various applications（Including such as game on line, stream video and audio Application in real time）Ability, need not be recharged to mobile terminal can keep exercisable time quantum to be applied with suitable limitation.

Past, the performance of mobile phone be used in battery charge again between " air time " and " standby " time survey Amount, wherein first measurement indicate mobile phone be used for perform calling when battery can be provided for mobile phone power it is whole when Between, and the latter is related to battery can keep the battery exercisable whole time.It is every to consider to introduce additional performance parameter at present Individual application（For example, " internet use time ", " video playback time " and " audio playback time "）Difference in power consumption Not.

If however, using multiple applications simultaneously, the power of battery may be consumed quickly, and this makes it difficult to predict movement eventually End be finished power have how soon.If the power of battery is low, user can be by avoiding or only briefly being tasted using specific application Examination reduces power consumption.However, for many applications, user is likely difficult to estimate and controls the power consumption of mobile terminal, and And some application and service can be in consistency operation, this causes them or even is sightless to user.Remained in battery is not known Start application in the case of remaining actual power, mobile terminal can be caused to start power consumption in the case of no remaining too many power The big application of amount, so as to quickly be finished remaining power, and makes terminal inoperable, untill it is recharged.

Mobile terminal utilizes highly integrated, low-power chipset.In chipset（Particularly within a processor）Work( Rate is consumed, mainly by supply voltage V, clock frequency f, door active switching part α and Leakage Current I_lIt is determined that.Processor it is whole Power consumption P is the summation that dynamic power and static power lose item, and generally model is P=α CV²f+VI_l, wherein C tables Show the capacitance load of gate.

The processor used in the terminal typically has low-down static power consumption.When element when not in use Internal module can be closed, big energy-conservation can be obtained.Processor can be designed as supporting dynamic frequency scaling, this is dynamic power Item provides linear narrowing.If supply voltage is that dynamic is adjustable, secondary diminution can be obtained.It is referred to as dynamic voltage scaling （DVS）, this is one in the earliest method for power optimization.Using calculating speed as exchange, relatively low supply voltage allusion quotation Maximum achievable clock frequency is reduced, so as to reduce voltage and clock frequency simultaneously to realize significant energy-conservation type.

Mobile terminal utilizes various Energy Saving Strategies to limit power consumption, such as park mode and timer, if wherein Display is inactive within the specific period, then display is switched into low-intensity pattern.Some mobile terminals can be carried Allow for being used for the interface for the timer that low-intensity is shown using adjustment perhaps.Mobile terminal is typically indicated using battery electric quantity state Symbol and quality of reception designator are to provide the user with the information of dump energy and quality of radio connection, and they are typically combined Various park modes, wherein when in the cycle that is specific, being pre-configured with part system be inactive, then part system is closed Close.

The larger mobile terminal of such as laptop computer and notebook typically has warns when the power is low Accuse the power management functions of user.Power management functions can take steps to save data, so as to can realize that normal system is closed Machine.Power management functions can also close some functions to save power in park mode.

Power management functions are typically provided by operating system.Laptop manipulation system typically has two The laptop manipulation system of additional function：Connective and user's control the power conservation feature of wireless connectivity.Moving operation System, particularly those are typically from typically occurring in laptop computer used in multitask smart phone Obtained in operating system.

Operating system is using task scheduling so as to by processor（Or multiple processors）Using maximize.In the context In, our definition tasks are that the minimum unit with execution is scheduled by operating system.Process is to realize to specify work upon execution The example of the program of work.Process may include the one or more tasks that can be performed with any serial and/or parallel order. In certain operations system, task is embodied as thread or lightweight process.

In multiple task operating system, the priority for scheduling is distributed to task.Some tasks can be preemption, with Accommodate the task with higher priority.The target of task scheduling is to make processor in multiple task operating system（Or multiple places Manage device）Using maximize.In order to realize different performance standards, a variety of dispatching algorithms have been had been carried out in an operating system.Remove Processor utilization, other important criterias include justice, handling capacity, turnaround time, stand-by period and response time.

In the power consumption being battery powered is critical equipment and computer, power consumption is considered as further excellent Change standard is beneficial.

The power-aware algorithm used for the energy for being used for reduction application of mobile terminal has been proposed.However, still In the presence of the demand for more perception of the practical capacity of power needed for actual power demand and delivering.

The content of the invention

In described embodiment, the task scheduling algorithm used in the terminal is modified, to consider The actual power consumption of application.This is by using the power required for remaining power, completion appointed task in such as battery Amount, key and terminal location the additional standard of task are carried out.From such some available advantages of modification, including：

Mobile terminal is set to be able to determine whether to ensure that using the operation of the remaining power of battery to complete to be started by user Application, or the service initiated by equipment；

Ensure that mobile terminal can be provided important function, such as certification, banking, urgent police by the period of extension Announcement, urgent call and specific location Based service, so that user can perform these keys when needed by mobile terminal Application；

When power level is very low, network or application server is set to help to reduce the energy expenditure in mobile terminal； And

The part of the operating system control of mobile terminal and the energy expenditure of management terminal is provided, so as to provide more preferable use Family is experienced, particularly when performing crucial application and service；

Therefore, in one embodiment, mobile communication terminal is configured to support multiple applications, wherein by performing one Individual or multiple tasks perform each application.Operating system in dispatch request in response to carrying out self-application, mobile terminal is obtained In the run time required by least one task（run-time）Power Supplies Condition instruction.Operating system is obtained by task The prediction of speed is used in the power of required run time, and speed is used from the power of prediction, completion task institute is obtained The estimation of the energy total amount needed.Operating system is scheduled judgement to task.Scheduling judges to include replacing from two or more The group for the task configuration changed is selected.It is related according to the use energy rate of the task by run time Power Supplies Condition to predicting The standard of connection and complete the estimation for whole energy that required by task is wanted to be selected.

In another embodiment, mobile communication terminal includes battery, and the information source related to battery condition is configured as In response to the request for the scheduler task for carrying out self-application, the module of the instruction of battery condition is obtained from battery information source, on by with The power of the associated task of one or more applications uses the information source of speed, is configured as obtaining from energy use information source At the requirement run time of task the energy of task using speed prediction and be configured to estimate completion task The module of required energy total amount, and the group being configured to from two or more interchangeable configurations for task are selected The task scheduling modules selected.Appoint according to by run time battery condition and the energy of the prediction of task using speed and with completion The standard that the estimation for whole energy that business needs is associated, carries out the selection configured to task.

In some embodiments, operating system obtained at least when task is non-crucial by task request operation Energy at time uses the prediction of speed, but if task is crucial, the feature that the scheduling based on predicted velocity judges It will not be activated.It is, operating system, which is task, is scheduled judgement.If task is non-key, scheduling judgement includes The energy of run time Power Supplies Condition and the prediction of task is used into the associated standard of speed.If however, task is crucial , such standard is not applied.

In another embodiment, in response to carrying out the dispatch request of self-application, operating system obtains battery at least one Whether the instruction of remaining available discharge capacity at the run time of the requirement of task, acquisition task is crucial instruction, And carry out or obtain the scheduling judgement of task.Be scheduled judge include from task it is two or more it is interchangeable configure into Row selection, wherein the task includes at least one configuration for causing task to be not allowed to, and causes task to be performed at least One configuration.Selection step is performed, hence for the instruction of remaining useful discharge capacity within the specified range, if by task Key is indicated as, can obtain causes the configuration of execution task, otherwise unavailable.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of example wireless communications, wherein the implementation example in example wireless communications The embodiment of power-aware Managed Solution.

Fig. 2 is the schematic block diagram for the detailed architecture for showing the exemplary power manager based on terminal.

The battery capacity for the battery that Fig. 3 is assumed that is relative to the figure of time, and which depict the allusion quotation used in the terminal The normally shape of the discharge mode of type battery.Specifically, this Figure illustrates typically discharged when several applications start and terminate Behavior.

Fig. 4 is the function of the power system in the terminal of the embodiment according to exemplary power perception management scheme Block diagram.

Fig. 5 is the functional block of the application profile according to the embodiment of exemplary power perception management scheme and its environment Figure.

Fig. 6 is the flow chart of exemplary power perception task monitoring.

Fig. 7 is the functional block diagram for the exemplary architecture for performing power-aware task scheduling.

Fig. 8 A are to describe the power threshold scheduling of task based access control or permit（admission）Judge（decision）It is senior Flow graph.

Fig. 8 B are the format charts for the example process control block for being revised as including the data field related to power.

Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B are in described embodiment, in the power-aware task scheduling subsystem 700 for describing Fig. 7 Feature operation.More specifically：

Fig. 9 A are related to the operation of Fig. 7 allowance module 710, and

Fig. 9 B are related to the operation of Fig. 7 power-aware scheduler module 760.

Embodiment

Some mobile terminals combine the known hardware element with energy conservation characteristic, for example, key message is supplied into hardware With the operating system of mobile terminal（OS）" intelligence " battery, with intensity adjustable display, the nothing with energy conservation characteristic Line transceiver.These elements are typically controlled by the OS of mobile terminal, and some in these elements are for user or user Using being obtainable.

The elementary object of power management framework based on OS is to perform the strategy effectively using energy, extends the effective of battery Useful life, and the equipment use time extended between recharging.

It is the virtual condition for perceiving battery for the most important requirement that effective mobile terminal power is managed.Typical case Ground, is furnished with a set of rechargeable battery to mobile terminal.Current mechanism promotes system and management chip and system other Communication between part.For example, in smart battery system（SBS）The advantage of intelligent bus interface specified in standard can cause by It receives the standard as accurate measurement stable state battery parameter.

Intelligent battery monitoring system includes intelligent battery, system management bus interface and intelligent charger.Term " intelligence Battery " is directed to use with for example all battery models and collects, calculates and predict battery parameter and controlled by software by calculating Parameter is supplied to the microchip circuit of main system.Intelligent battery has built-in interface with by SMBus and charger and main system Communicated.

SMBus is the two-line communication interface for exchanging information between intelligent battery, main system and intelligent charger Specification.

Intelligent charger is communicated with intelligent battery to obtain the present charge state of battery, so as on the charging interval Carry out more precise control.Intelligent battery typically provides description battery status（Particularly charged state（SoC）And health status （SoH）Parameter）Several parameters.SoC is the current charge level of battery for being measured as its whole volume percent.SoH is relative In the new battery of same type, measurement battery provides the ability for the power output specified.

By the calling to SMBus interface functions, main system can obtain the model of battery, type, SoC, SoH, temperature and Other times that using counting, the quantity of such as charge/discharge cycle, the life-span of battery, power are finished and the time of charging. The power management application that can be used for by the SMBus data obtained in exploitation main system.

It should be noted that SMBus interfaces are one in the various possible interfaces that can be used in this context.

Power management in Mobile operating system includes OS sides element, and selectable user side additional application.Kernel The power management of side realized typically using interface to read or measure the parameter that battery charging state is related to other batteries, and And they typically using build-in function to control the power supply to each hardware subsystem element.

Except control processor（Or multiple processors）, the power of the various hardware subsystems of operating system control, such as liquid Crystal display（LCD）, keyboard, disc driver, memory module, communication module, sensor, camera, audio frequency apparatus etc..For Monitoring battery status, operating system can perform battery model and electric discharge profile, and its using SMBus interfaces to read electricity Pond parameter.

Built-in OS sides power management functions typically provide handle, notify in battery status change to set by the handle Standby driver and application.Except battery status is notified, device driver can be set timer to determine when to be switched to various work( Rate protected mode（For example, closing, free time, dormancy, low-power or activity pattern）.

In user side, senior additional application can be disposed with by the application by other user planes pair and by hardware subsystem The power that system element is used provides the user control.Although the control provided by some such additional applications is completely artificial , but other application provides the scheduling based on profile, wherein under the scheduling, the contingency specified in user-defined profile During generation, application can be opened or closed.Application profile is defined by way of with to power consumption-sensitive, user can pass through power Consumption provides some terminal controls indirectly.

Principle described herein can be constituted us and be referred to as the method for intelligent power management.Intelligent power management is by power Monitoring and task scheduling activity are at least integrated into the power-aware task management scheme in mobile terminal.In some implementations, its Can be synthesis, the network plan being also integrated into power monitoring and task scheduling activity in network node.Such scheme Replaceable existing power management scheme, or interchangeable, its can realize in Mobile operating system extended power manage Additional project.

One advantage of our scheme is that it need not be limited to the real-time application with strict final term.For extremely Some few power management schemes, this is an obvious limitation, and this is due to that the task of smart phone is not circulation, they Do not reached with period distances.Further, since it is different types of application, task that multitask smart phone can hold as main frame There can be unpredictable arrival time, and for some applications, can be difficult to prediction session can last long.For example, If user is by internet playing video game or starts live video stream, session can be extended the unpredictable time cycle.

Another advantage of our schemes is when for optimizing computing resource, it is not necessary to be limited to use battery work( Rate is used as unique constraint.It is indeed desired to which the task scheduling in smart phone not only considers the power of battery, and further contemplate it It is constrained, such as radio resource（Available bandwidth）With the criticality of work.It should also be noted that, wishing intelligence electricity Words support such as urgent call vital application, and such as bank transaction service.Therefore, appointing in mobile terminal Business scheduler can preferably consider that these are limited.

In mobile hand-held device, compared to other nextport hardware component NextPorts, the nextport hardware component NextPort of radio link（Wireless modulation-demodulation Device）Typically consume more power.To maintain the power total amount that reliable link is spent further by handheld device position Influence.For example, compared to the handheld device near cell tower is direct, the handheld device away from cell tower must typically make Use more transimission powers.In addition, the handheld device in random zone can be attempted to set up chain by continually searching for signal Road, and this can cause leakage power quickly.Therefore, the position of handheld device can be influenceed using can consumable power Amount, and therefore influence the power-aware of these tasks to dispatch.So as to be there is provided the dispatching algorithm for being contemplated that handheld device position Beneficial.

Dispatching algorithm it is another beneficial the characteristics of be with being suitable to the ability that switches between different types of power supply.From And, it can typically assume to use the depletable power source of such as battery, or using such as charger or wall power The not depletable power source of socket.However, in fact, mobile terminal is often cut between battery and charger or wall power sockets Change.Wish that task scheduling algorithm identifies switching between the power supplies, and therefore adjust its scheduling strategy.It is noticeable It is, at this point, the preferred side with power-aware of the use of the novel energy of such as microgenerator and solar cell Formula is managed, and this is due to that such source can for example provide just enough power to carry out call critical.

Dispatching algorithm it is another beneficial the characteristics of be to protect against it is typical it is assumed that i.e. each task can consume constant and advance The magnitude of current known.At least in some cases, because the duration of task is uncertain, therefore prediction task can disappear The overall current of consumption is infeasible.

Typical Mobile operating system can allow power to carry out selectivity to various hardware subsystems by device driver Control.Because task hardly uses all hardware systems in all time, therefore in the whole implementation procedure of task In, if the power that actual consumption is recalculated on difference is beneficial.Therefore, task scheduling algorithm will be by each Power consumption is recalculated during scheduling phase, to consider the change of power consumption.

Therefore, exemplary power-aware Managed Solution uses the power-aware task manager in mobile terminal, its root Application is managed according to their power demand.In a preferred embodiment, this exemplary arrangement also strengthens power reserve, It is exactly the specified amount for the discharge capacity detained when being used from non-critical application, to ensure the usability of key service.Based on net Network and based on application power management can be used for helping to reduce the power consumption in mobile terminal.Similar principle can be additionally used in Postponed when remaining discharge capacity is low and perform non-critical systems task.It is understood that at this point, operating system can By specific system task（It is, its operation is limited to the task of processor）It is considered as " crucial ".However, unless we are special Do not state, " key " is related to user's application in the following discussion, is not related to system task.

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of wireless communication system 100, wherein implementing exemplary power sense in wireless communication system 100 Know the embodiment of Managed Solution.In figure, we include not only in the terminal but also in other network nodes Power-aware element.The basic element that we invent is not construed as using power-aware element outside mobile terminal, although It is advantageous in some embodiments of the present invention.We include such element in Fig. 1, are not used to be limited Purpose, and be only width and the flexibility for explaining our schemes.

As illustrated, mobile terminal 1 10 includes battery supply 120, the power supervisor based on terminal（TPM）130, and Transceiver unit 140.Access node 150 includes network power manager（NPM）160 and transceiver unit 170.In addition In a network, application server 180 includes the power manager based on application（APM）190.Application server 180 typically may be used On the outside of wireless network, but it can be in communication with.NPM as one man can work to support network with the TPM in mobile terminal In the range of power-aware schedule activities.When indicating the low battery electric quantity in mobile terminal, APM can take over some and generally move The application processing performed in dynamic terminal.For example, for amount of calculation very big application, such strategy is probably to have very much .In this case, the power saved by the way that computation burden is transferred into network entity can be substantially beyond in shifting Move the additional energy spent when being communicated between terminal and network entity.

Below it will be seen that the example T PM modules in mobile terminal include power-aware monitoring modular, to estimate reality Capacity of power.Also include power-aware task dispatcher, for estimating the power consumption that each required by task is wanted, and from And, each task is handled by being scheduled, monitoring, hanging up or stopping to it.The detailed architecture of example T PM modules is in figure Described in 2 schematic block diagram.

All TPM modules as described in Figure 2 are preferably a part for the operating system of mobile terminal.TPM in Fig. 2 Module（Mark is task management system in figure）, including following assemblies：

Power of battery monitor 210, according to the current health state of battery（SoH）Battery 205 is calculated with its charge level Offer perform appointed task need estimation power ability.Monitor 210 is preferably intelligent power monitor, and electricity Pond 205 is preferably intelligent battery（As shown in the figure）.

Application profile 220, includes the profile of each application or at least several applications.Data in application profile can for example be wrapped Application type is included, its priority level, it typically performs the long-term use pattern of time, the usage history of application, and application. Priority level for example can be the classification that user specifies, as " crucial（critical）" or it is " non-key（non- critical）”.Other priority classifications can define the grade of two or more different stages according to the relative importance of application.

It will be seen that, compared to " non-key " task and application, when available power is relatively low, the choosing of operation The standard of selecting can be tended to " crucial ".Similarly, application profile can include the instruction of user configuring with preferential（override）In The selection standard of at least some power-awares.

Monitoring communication resource device 230, monitoring communication link state and related measurement.

Power-aware task monitor 240, monitors the application of longtime running.Task monitor 240 updates longtime running should The measurement that power is used, and its calculating is by power-aware task dispatcher（It is described below）The various threshold values used Parameter.Task monitor 240 also collects the statistics related with their use pattern to application.

The scheduler task of power-aware task dispatcher 250.According to complete required by task want estimation power, task profile, The availability of the communication resource and other required resources dispatches each task.

5 component 210-250 can for example be run as the software module in Mobile operating system.Power-aware task is monitored Device and power-aware task dispatcher can be realized as the enhancing to existing task scheduling modules, or are embodied as additional scheduling mould Block.

Power of battery monitor can be realized to utilize the intelligence for for example inputting from intelligent battery reception and handling it Battery API additional software module.If without intelligent battery, then suitable battery model is preferably embodied as the module A part.

Monitoring communication resource device module can be realized as software module, the module may require that interacted with communication hardware it is all to obtain Such as the input of signal intensity, channel quality and bandwidth.The module can be interacted with GPS or other software modules so that obtain can Positional information for determining wireless network coverage area.

Application profile module can be realized as the software module of the application profile database with their own.

Various software modules discussed here can all run at the central number for the calculating core for for example forming mobile terminal On word processing device, or with the secondary processor of central processing unit joint operation.Digital storage equipment can be used for storing above-mentioned The data that software module needs, as discussed below.

Monitoring assembly 210-240 is operable to one or more independent systematic procedures.Equally, they can be transported on backstage OK.They can periodically obtain relevant parameter, and they are write can be accessed by scheduler 250 and with power-aware mould In the memory location of the parameters correlation used in the operation of block.

This 5 component 210-250 are described below in detail.

Power of battery monitor tracks the battery status of mobile terminal, and helps to maximize battery life.Battery life Maximization is the significant design standard of mobile hand-held device.It is, non-linear behavior is presented in each discharge cycle in battery.It is non- Linear behavior can also be observed in the storage efficiency in whole battery life cycle.Battery tends in each follow-up charging Less healthy and strong electricity is delivered after cycle, this is due to irreversible physical and chemical changes.

In order to provide gratifying Consumer's Experience, it is desirable to which Mobile operating system considers when dispatching user's application and service The non-linear behavior of battery.Due to each application（And service）At the beginning of between and run time generally can not predefine, because This task scheduling algorithm at least considers that battery status is beneficial.Scheduling problem in smart phone is increasingly complex, and this is Because such phone generally supports the real multitask environment similar to desktop computer.

The non-linear behavior of battery has an effect on the design of power-aware application and service, and this is due to relative to the power of battery State will carry out desirably all optimization.

Fig. 3 assumes that figure of the battery capacity relative to the time of battery, describes the typical electrical used in the terminal The normally shape of the discharge mode in pond.The longitudinal axis represents available dump energy and initial available use electricity on battery Percentage.This is the health status of battery（SoH）One side.20% rank of mark residual capacity is further indicates in figure Rank line, and mark residual capacity 10% rank rank line.Represent another rank line of battery exhaustion threshold also with non- Often low rank is indicated, such as with 3% residual capacity.Reference 1-10 is indicated to each of discharge mode significance The event of kind.

Return to Fig. 3, it can be seen that due to the application brought into operation from initial time, full charge of battery experienced Typical electric discharge, until applying untill event 1 terminates.

After some inactive periods, the second application（It is probably Video Applications）Start in event 2.More than labeled as The dotted line of 3 event represents the estimation to power required by completion task, as determined by power-aware task manager.Scheduling Device determines in this case, to allow to be scheduled task, because after the desired maximum duration, also having foot Enough power.Second application operation, until it is untill event 3 terminates.

Some it is further it is inactive after, the 3rd applies and starts in event 4.During beginning, power-aware task dispatcher Determine there is enough power again, and so as to be scheduled to task.However, intelligent power monitor have soon found that by In the channel condition of deterioration, power consumption can be very high.For example, mobile terminal is movable to the still workable portion of bandwidth of abundance Divide in radio shadow, but using more power as cost.

In event 5, it is very high that power consumption rate has increased, so that power-aware task dispatcher gives out information with police Accuse user and terminate or hang up application.

Between event 5 and 6, permit and allowed the application with lower power consumption to run and allow, Zhi Houwei From event 6 to the inactive period of event 7.By event 7, remaining capacity is less than 20% threshold value.As described below , such threshold value, which may be used to indicate, only permits being scheduled selected application.Embodiment may include to consume little energy Application and half crucial application.As illustrated, because it has very short expected duration, permitting answering at event 7 With therefore desirable for operation task is to complete without exhausting battery.After inactive short time period, permit another short in event 8 The task of duration, and untill running up to event 9.

It should be noted that at this point, in during the inactive period, if user terminal is opened, Some power loss.Between craticular stage, when battery is fully charged, power loss is typically maximum.When the power of battery compared with When low, the background task of some power consumptions is abandoned at least some cases and even system task is beneficial so as to save energy 's.Power-aware module can at least partly be directly used in such process.

After event 9 soon, in the inactive period, remaining capacity is less than 10% threshold value.Under the threshold value, Only allow to run crucial application.Such apply starts in event 10.Selectively, below battery exhaustion threshold, it is rejected by New opplication, and moderately the crucial of termination activity can apply.

The battery model of nonlinear characteristic and their flash-over characteristic shapes in the presence of known consideration battery.Such algorithm Detailed physical model available for analysis model or electrochemical treatments is with the behavior of artificial battery.Some known algorithms are using entering The exploration adjustment battery cycle of one step, such as when recovering insertion period, load profiles, the residue of uncertain user execution Between section, charge again the duration, and task granularity.

The figure shows with the selection standard using 20% and 10% example thresholds of power applied to task.It is actual On, can for different tasks, using or task or the grade of application set up different threshold values.In addition, power step-down is being alerted, or Person can configure precedence designation in time earlier, user.It is as follows, it can configure into row major, so that mobile terminal can prohibited Started with the pattern of power-aware characteristic." disabling " means that power-aware characteristic is invalid or any without what is be called Situation.Certainly various other intermediate configurations are feasible, and are not excluded.

Priority flag can cause being applied to for task to be scheduled, so as to perform unrelated with using power level.Can Alternatively, priority flag can allow the scheduling for obeying low-power threshold value, but can disconnect scheduling judgement and the design energy consumption of task Connection between any compensation.

It should be noted that can by based on the selection standard using power be applied to the reaching recently of the task and by Permit and can be at second or the subsequent task in iteration of processing cycle.Therefore, the task in processing can be in related selection Any time that standard is no longer met terminates.

Fig. 4 is the functional block diagram of the power system in the mobile terminal according to an embodiment.As illustrated, intelligent work( Rate monitoring modular 410 is the advanced application interface interacted with the SMBus batteries API420 of intelligent battery 430（API）Layer.Mould The information that block 410 is extracted includes：

Battery types and model, for adjusting the power control algorithm for particular battery pattern.

Power supply, indicates whether directly to obtain power from battery, or from such as charger, transformer, wall power sockets Or USB（USB）Another source obtain power.

Status information, is used as embodiment and nonrestrictive mode, it may include charge level, the health status of battery, with And power-on time.These parameters can be described below.

Using parameter, the cumulative amount of the life-span of such as battery, and the charge cycle until current time.

The particular instance of status information is：

Charge level（power level）, it is, charged state（SoC）, it indicates the current charge level of battery. Charge level is typically with milliamp-hour（mA-h）, milliwatt-hour（mW-h）Or equivalent, with reference to hypothesis for example with mA or The electric discharge constant rate of speed that mW is represented is illustrated；

The health status of battery（SoH）；With

Power-on time, indicates that battery provides electric current and/or power with given speed in time range how long.Power supply Time can for example represent minute.

Intelligent power monitor module can be realized as high-level programming language interface（For example, C or Java）, or in hardware mould Accessed with the help of block with the necessity provided to parameter value.

If the battery of mobile terminal does not have SMBus interfaces, the calculating of SoC, SoH and battery relevant parameter can be in battery mould Completed with the help of formula and estimator.In addition, some intelligent batteries may not support all SMBus characteristics.Therefore, lacking , it is necessary to realize suitable battery model to support power-aware task scheduling algorithm in the case of SMBus interfaces.However, it is necessary to Illustrate, battery model is not required to realize in the terminal.It may be implemented in from anywhere in network, and can be easy Ground can be used for the radio communication of mobile terminal.

When combining battery model, intelligent battery monitor also includes database to store such as battery types, battery longevity The information of life, the number of times charged again and other parameters.Estimator using available information as input, and in any electricity Pond charged state determines cell potential.So as to for example, estimator can calculate health status ginseng together with the estimation to dump energy Number.

Battery has limited capacity, and they show nonlinear system dynamic.Therefore, battery energy is predicted whether Enough is not a simple question to specify using enough load currents are provided on the desired period.In order to carry The useful estimation of power supply tankage, it is highly desirable to not only obtain SoC values, but also to obtain SoH values.

SoC is measured value, and it directly can be obtained from the SMBus of battery, or is obtained by battery model.In no intelligence In the case of energy battery interface, SoC values can for example be obtained by two step process：First, such as voltage, electric current and temperature are measured Relevant parameter.Then, from collected parameter, SoC values are gone out from historical data and from the model inference set up before.

However, it is unfavorable to only rely on SoC values.It is, the SoC measurements of battery are only when indicating the overall electricity of battery It is useful；It can not disclose how much available energy are there remains in battery.In other words, SoC values can not reflect battery Required load can also be supported how long.

However, what SoH was inaccessible by for direct measurement, and it must use for this its related to particular battery technologies Model be predicted.For many years, it has been proposed that a variety of different models, and to the accurate SoH for predicting battery and it is determined SoC is conducted extensive research.These models depend on its value by Multiple factors（Such as discharge rate, charging discharging cycle History and operation temperature）The parameter of influence.These models can be roughly classified into 4 classes：

Physical model, emulates the physical process occurred in the battery.

Empirical model, makes parameter Matching Model formula, so as to match empirical data.

Abstract model, circuit, discrete time equivalent thing, and random process are expressed as by battery.

Mixed model, attempts to simplify physical process by using empirical parameter.

Although physical model provides highest precision, physical modeling is computationally intensive, and is difficult in mobile hand-held device It is upper to realize.Empirical model is simple in amount of calculation, but they may lack enough precision.Therefore, our current convictions It is that analysis model is best suited for realizing in mobile hand-held device.As described, meter is configured in the other parts of network The bigger model of calculation amount is useful, wherein the other parts in network do not have too many limitation to calculating intensity.

At this point, the analysis model come in handy is dynamic battery model（KiBaM）.Such module is for example It may be implemented in Mobile operating system.The model can be used for the related power parameter of estimation, and by collecting and with software mould The precision of the related historical data implementation model to further enhance of the handheld device battery of block.It is special by using handheld device Battery data, can recalibrate model parameter is used for enhanced precision.

More simply, battery model can be description the battery various life-spans in its discharge cycle each put it is related The tables of data of the feature of the average desired conditions of type.Calculating the useful battery model of type or pure form types can store Local, or even it is stored in long-range digital storage.

Battery model can be used can be updated sometimes by the data for measuring and for example being provided by intelligent power monitor.Example Such as, as described above, the parameter of the battery model of calculating can be changed sometimes, so that the prediction of model returns to the electricity for meeting actual measurement Pond behavior.

Application profile is provided for the various parameters of description application characteristic and is locally stored.Be presented in Fig. 5 application profile and The functional block diagram of its environment.As illustrated, application profile 510 uses local data base 520.Database has including following with application The information of pass：

Application profile, indicates application type, the associated priority rank of application（E.g., including whether application is crucial）, What hardware subsystem and resource is needed to run application, desired run time and the bandwidth needed（If any）Just Begin to estimate, and by supplier or the execution profile of the application of developer's support.

Application profile, which may also include, applies power threshold（APT）, we are defined as specifying application from starting to completing Required estimation power is plus the minimum power required for crucial application.As described in detail below, APT can be used for task Permit control and task scheduling.APT and other threshold values can be provided and updated by power-aware task monitor.They are storable in In application profile database, and by the way that they are copied in the memory that can be directly accessed by power-aware task dispatcher Utilized.

The respective priority level of application can be also specified in application profile by defining priority level, wherein each priority Bao Kuo not one or more applications.Each priority level can be from keeping the different requirements of battery electric quantity associated, less than the requirement The application of priority level can be suspended or terminate.Therefore, related priority level（Either individually apply or priority Not）Influence is might have, for example, when the task that entirety is currently run starts to compete remaining battery electric quantity, and when residue During battery electric quantity continuous decrease, stop the other application of lowest priority first.

For labeled as crucial application, their task can be allowed to first selection process, so that they can be permitted Perhaps the remaining discharge capacity run without considering battery.Thus, for example, when remaining effective electricity is less than such as initial capacity 20% threshold value when, or if battery it is next it is expected charge again before expected residual electricity be less than such threshold value, Then mobile terminal, which can enter, only allows the pattern of mission critical.Selectively, low-down threshold value can for example be set just The 1% to 5% of beginning capacity, is appointed as battery exhaustion threshold.When it is less than the threshold value, being considered as the battery will be dead.So as to no Permit scheduling application, even crucial application, and the crucial application of activity can suitably be stopped.When reaching exhaustion threshold, OS can produce sound sensation or visual alert to remind user that all crucial application will be dead.

Using using statistics, include the current state of application, the whole service time, the remaining time to be completed, use mould Formula, and historical data.

Application specific hardware uses profile, the type of the required hardware subsystem of mark operation application.For example, profile can Including processor type and speed, the type and size of memory and storage device, size of display and type.If can with Words, the presence and activity of indication sensor, camera and keyboard.It may include the information for describing transceiver and power amplifier.

Database also provides API, and power-aware task monitor can obtain the overall desired work(each applied by API The estimation of rate and run time.Application profile database is that power-aware task monitor and power-aware task dispatcher are provided Key parameter.

API for example may include one group can be by the ready-made Premium Features of application call and for obtaining information from database Operating system module.Because it has avoided each application by increasing extracode directly to be inquired about to Database Publishing, therefore This is beneficial.

Monitoring communication resource device, is the module for measuring the channel quality of Radio Link.The module reference picture 2 is retouched State, wherein it is represented by function element 230.The measurement of channel quality is used as the basis for setting communication threshold parameter.Therefore, example Such as, monitoring communication resource device can be invoked periodically with according to such as up-link and downlink bandwidth, letter in power monitor Dry ratio of making an uproar（SINR）Channel quality is measured with position.Positional information can be used for estimation mobile terminal and nearest cell tower（Or Nearest access point node）The distance between, and for determining whether current position is poor in reception covering（Or do not cover Lid）Region in.

Mobile terminal for example can be obtained by using integrated GPS or by the network measurement from cell tower Position.Power-aware task monitor is using positional information to set required transmission power level.If mobile terminal position In no-coverage, power-aware task monitor can be used positional information to determine how long it should be every searching for network-in-dialing Property.Provided that the appropriate model of user mobility, for example, the destination locations of predictable mobile terminal, it can be by using shifting The speed and its positional information of terminal is moved to improve such decision.

With further reference to Fig. 2, power-aware task monitor can be more easily understood, the wherein module is expressed as function Element 240.Reference picture 2, power-aware task monitor can be used for estimation to need what is inputted as power-aware task dispatcher Various parameters.Power-aware task monitor cycling service is to update power and communication threshold parameter and application profile.In order to Parameter Estimation is carried out, power-aware task monitor obtains information from application profile database, and it calls intelligent power to supervise Survey device and monitoring communication resource device.

Power-aware task monitor also updates application profile database using the information including herein below：Task is Through operation how long, the amount for the power that task has been used completes the power wanted of required by task, and application uses statistics.Work( Rate perception task monitor can also collect information from power dissipation function.For example, it can obtain measurement result, and use measurement knot Fruit describes the parameter value of processor activity rank, display usage amount and other nextport hardware component NextPort usage amounts to set.It is former at other Because in, the information is useful detecting whether that these are met prediction and updated application profile using rank.The information also can use In for example when power consumption far above predict when, or when battery status do not support application further execution when take dynamic Make.

At runtime, have various ways be used for estimate operation be applied to completion required for quantity of power.For example, in the presence of The framework known, it is, the programmed environment of DLL is provided, wherein Energy-aware application can be developed in the programmed environment. By such DLL, user can recognize different execution routes, calculate the energy expenditure associated with each path, Execution route is selected according to corresponding energy expenditure.For（It is average）The initial estimation of energy expenditure, may be used at test process The execution profile of the application of middle identification.It is understood, however, that on its overall operation time can not be readily estimated interaction Video-game and other application, such scheme limitation are used.

At this point, having proposed useful another estimation scheme to estimate that runs on portable radio machine answers Cost of energy.According to such scheme, equipment is divided into communication and computation module.In order to calculate the purpose of cost of energy, Each component is modeled as finite state machine.Under the model, there is each state average electric current to use, and perform continue Time.By the energy of whole State Transferrings and their own estimation is calculated using combining the integral energy of application into This.Application developer can be used such model to provide the estimation to the integral energy by application consumption.

If it should be noted that allowing power-aware task monitor excessively continually to run, it, which can be produced, excessively makes With the danger of processor.Therefore, power-aware task monitor is limited, so that the frequency of its operation is dispatched less than power-aware The running frequency of device is beneficial.For example, can be configured to power-aware task dispatcher, so as to be updated only for from last time Since those tasks for having run update application profile parameter.Further power-aware task monitor can be configured, So as to which it can call intelligent power monitor and monitoring communication resource device at different intervals.Power-aware task monitor can be to Power-aware task dispatcher, which provides scheduler, to be used to determine that initial permission task and the threshold value of control Long Running Tasks are set.

Power-aware task monitor can also be run in lower priority, so that when they is perform required for, Processor ability will not be influenceed by harmful.

In order to keep the usual power consumption for tracking mobile terminal, the related parameter of task monitor readout power, for example Battery status, processor activity, memory activity, and the data transmission since the last monitoring stage and reception amount, And the memory location that can access parameter read-in by power-aware task dispatcher.Task monitor may further determine that correlation ginseng Number is changed into for rapid evaluation whether permitting or continuing the form of task.It is, being made whether the decision of permission task every time When dependent on tediously long evaluation process be unfavorable.On the contrary, according to the quick decision that can be carried out, if reflecting mobile device Current state, the current state of application, and the parameter of the power consumption of active task are readily available, then are preferred.

Corresponding to Fig. 2 functional block diagram 240, the flow graph of exemplary power perception task monitor is as shown in Figure 6.If will Fig. 6 and Fig. 2 are read together, can help to understand following discussion.Power-aware task dispatcher obtains one group etc. to be scheduled Business, and obtain for each such task scheduler task is determined whether by power-aware task dispatcher to perform, refuse or The parameter suspended and used.In the task of a collection of permission obtained from the active task queue described in Fig. 2, perform figure in by Each process step that block is indicated.Power-aware task monitor operates to the backstage mistake generally run in exemplary execution Journey, such as system background program.Monitored task includes new task and to return to power-aware task system next to carry out Take turns the task of processing.

When initialization 601 occurs electric on mobile terminals, or when systemic-function needs the other time of recovery.Initial It is that each application and/or task set initial threshold and mark, such as precedence designation during change.In at least some realizations, If it is determined that power charger is opened（For example, in block 602）, it is that whole tasks set precedence designation, it is currently used to indicate It is not depletable power supply, or if the user desired that is whole tasks when being operated in the pattern for disabling power-aware characteristic Precedence designation is set, and this is possible beneficial.At least in some implementations, it is that whole tasks set precedence designation to cause to carry out Whole scheduling determine, without or do not consider that the energy of plan uses the comparison with remaining battery capacity.

Therefore, some realizations can provide the user with the selection started in traditional mode or power-aware pattern.If with Traditional mode is specified at family, and OS can for example activate whole precedence designations, is determined from without dispatching to dispatch based on power-aware.Phase Instead, if specifying power-aware pattern, OS can activate power-aware task dispatcher and other power-aware modules.

If charger is not turned on（If for example, it is closed or not connected）, in block 603, task monitor is obtained SoC, SoH and other battery informations from power of battery monitor 210.In block 604, task monitor determines each task Power uses parameter.If it should be noted that the socking out capacity of battery is relatively low, it indicates that appointed task plan uses phase The basis of terminated task immediately can be provided using parameter to the power of a large amount of power.

In block 604, task monitor proceeds to block 605, wherein the communication resource parameter updated is from monitoring communication resource device 230 obtain.If likewise, in block 602, when its determination charger is opened, task monitor enters block 605.

In block 606, task monitor obtains the undated parameter related to each resource of influence mobile terminal operation.For example, These may include to indicate input-output（I/O）The parameter for the other factorses that resource and influence power are used.

In block 607, task monitor updates the threshold value for application power-aware selection standard, and it is updated for referring to Example such as should be the mark of the selection standard of the level priority of particular task or task or application.It should be noted that at this On a bit, battery status, the planned energy use of appointed task, Ren Heyou are indicated by being provided to power-aware task dispatcher The relatively few number of parameter of the presence first indicated, task monitor can make scheduler compare progress based on simple threshold value Very fast decision.

In block 608, task monitor obtains the application profile parameter of renewal from application profile 220.

Operated by the block 605-608 each renewals represented each can update its related parameter with different frequency.For example, every The specified quantity of the individual respective iteration for updating the control circulation 602-609 that operation can be with triggering renewal operation and described in figure The counter resetted afterwards is associated.Such iteration specified quantity can be fixed, or it can be for example by adaptive Answer the dynamic value set of algorithm.

It should be noted that the particular order that block 605 to 608 is described only is explanatory, it is not restricted.It is other can The arrangement of energy is feasible, and this is apparent to those skilled in the art.

Block 609 represents that the stand-by period of the renewal frequency to control each parameter can be controlled.Each realize can be preferred Ground is causing the Gao Gengxin frequency of high computation burden and can cause to build between low renewal frequency of the inaccurate energy using control Vertical suitable balance.Although it should be noted that at this point, task dispatcher is typically in one or several milliseconds of model Operated on cycle time in enclosing, but power-aware task monitor can be grasped typically on longer cycle time Make, the wherein longer cycle time for example can be within second or tens of seconds or even longer scope.

We are turning now to the more detail discussion to power-aware task dispatcher.As shown in the element 250 in Fig. 2, Power-aware task dispatcher considers application profile, channel quality, desired mission duration, and determines that task completes to want The resource and the other factorses of the influence applied to battery life asked.Power-aware task dispatcher in mobile terminal can be pass Key service retains power, and wherein key service is, for example, urgent call, and health monitoring, certification is paid and Bank application.

As can clearly see from the following description, power-aware task dispatcher can be typically according to required by completion task Whole energy estimation make scheduling determine.If however, task expected from for example considering rate of energy dissipation and combination is held The continuous time, the specific estimation of whole energy requirement may not be needed to be calculated.Thus, for example can be by rate of energy dissipation and one Individual or multiple threshold values compare, and threshold value may depend on other variables of such as mission duration.

It should be noted that wear rate and the estimation entirely consumed can be any type of estimations, including but do not limit In peak value, average value estimation, and probability Estimation.

If remaining battery electric quantity is less than threshold value, power-aware task dispatcher permits at least some applications by refusing The margin of power can be strengthened.Alternatively or additionally, if it is expected that remaining battery power is in the expection charged again next time It was less than threshold value before time, it can strengthen the margin of power by the such allowance of refusal.At this point, between charging again The default value of such as 12 hours can be for example pre-set to expeced time, or it can be user configuring or adaptive true Fixed.

Thus, for example, when remaining battery power is less than 20%, long transmission of video can be refused, when remaining battery electric quantity is low In 10%, unessential application can be refused, and when remaining battery power is less than 5%, common audio call can be refused.

Power-aware task dispatcher can not only utilize the information provided by other modules in mobile terminal, can also utilize The information provided by the entity in wireless network.For example, one or more of network server can be by the electricity with mobile terminal The information of pond power and application profile is supplied to power-aware task dispatcher.（Specifically, battery model can in a network so Server in realize.）So, network can assist in the application for when and how supporting power sensitive.Network may be used also Location-based coverage information is provided to mobile terminal.For example, network will appreciate that user is currently in radio shadow（Example Such as, due to building or underpass）.For example, provided that suitable mobility model, network can advise mobile terminal If it continues on current path, it will enter quickly covers more preferable region.

According to such information, mobile terminal and the whole communication strategy of network tunable be used to communicate in mobile terminal to reduce and The required power of processing.

An adjustable communication strategy is selection media.For example, the selection for only transmitting voice can be made, rather than carry out All videos are transmitted.Another adjustable strategy is the quality for selecting such as audio or video signal.Another adjustable strategy It is the timing of transmission.If current quality of wireless channel is poor, power, Zhi Daoxin can be kept by refusing up-link transmission Untill road quality improves.

Postpone the strategy of transmission at least can preserve power at two aspects：When the channel condition is good, it is acceptable to handle up Amount can require less transimission power and less processing power, and in good channel conditions, due to repeatedly trying to Uplink radio resources are asked, therefore the battery leak source of mobile terminal is less.

Power-aware task dispatcher may also include the various low levels for allowing to be realized in some current mobile terminals The function of more preferable control in power management control function.The embodiment of such control function is that display is switched into low work( The dimmed function of rate pattern, and between inactive component will be closed and the other assemblies of such as transmitter and receiver are placed in Have a rest the electricity-saving function of park mode.And another control function can be the dynamic voltage scaling of processor itself.

It should be noted that determining whether remaining enough capacity to complete the work(that specific application depends not only on estimation Rate requirement and the duration that application is discussed, additionally depend on the overall power consumption speed of existing task and process.It is such Decision can influence the allowance to scheduler task, and the scheduling of task to determine.

For power requirement, it will be recalled that rise in discussion above we will apply power threshold（APT）It is defined as from opening Begin to the required estimation power of the application for completing to specify, add the required minimum power of crucial application.This to specify guarantor The reserved power total amount for being used to perform crucial application is held to be possibly realized.

APT also may be defined as the percentage using power in battery.APT can be set for the different stage of application and service Different value.Therefore, can give with different relative priority application with different processing so that, for example, when battery it is low and It is not very low, the application of high priority can be scheduled, and refuses the application of low priority.When task is rejected（Or temporarily Stop）When, operating system can perform special software interrupt and think that user produces corresponding message, and so as to be excluded from scheduler The task.

For new task, APT can complete the required estimation power of whole application, add required by crucial application most Small-power.For the task of return, on the contrary, APT can complete the estimation power required by the remainder of application, key is added Consumed using required minimum power and the anticipating power of the application of other allowances.When scheduler task is run, itself or fortune Go to complete and log off, or it returns to next cycle for scheduling.It should be noted that consider together with other, The actual realization of power-aware task dispatcher can be provided by the attribute of specified master operating system.

If it is determined that operation task is inappropriate, because such as power of battery is less than minimum threshold or communication money Source is less than required threshold value, then scheduler can send alert message to user.User is so as to determine to bypass the power of scheduler Part is perceived, and promotes mobile terminal to perform the task.

Fig. 7 provides the functional block diagram for a possible framework for realizing power-aware task dispatcher.Below will specifically Ground discusses Fig. 7.Meanwhile, if read with reference to Fig. 7, Fig. 8 A can be most easily understood by.

Turning now to Fig. 8 A, show the scheduling of the power threshold of description task based access control or permit the high-level process flow of decision Figure.This is the feature realized in module and power-aware task dispatcher is permitted.As it appears from the above, power threshold is usual Task is can be applied to, it can be because of the different classes of and different of application or task, or it can be that each task or application are special Configuration.An advantage for performing power threshold is that such practice can promote to keep keeping for be appointed as crucial task Power.Therefore, it can allow and perform mission critical without applying any threshold value, or they can submit to for example low-down threshold Value, so as to only refuse them when the entirety of battery, which exhausts, to be reached.

As illustrated, in block 801 described in such as Fig. 7 and entrance task queue 730 discussed below or ready queue 740 queue selection task.In block 802, permit module or scheduler module determines whether available battery electric quantity is more than application Threshold value.If enough using power, the task is allowed to or is scheduled for perform, as shown in block 803.It is no Then, the task can be refused by permitting module, or scheduler module can give a warning, suspend or refusal task, as shown in block 804.

Fig. 8 B are the format charts of example process control block 810.As known to those skilled in the art, process control block (PCB) There is provided them for operating system needs the task specific information for task scheduling.Process control block (PCB) is below respectively in connection with figure The elementary cell of the information handled in allowance module and power-aware scheduler module that 9A and Fig. 9 B are discussed.

Relative to more conventional process control block (PCB), Fig. 8 B process control block (PCB) is changed, with including power correlation Data field.It is, the power control block shown in figure includes traditional processing element, such as identifier, state, priority Not, program counter, memory pointer, context data, I/O status informations and accounting information.However, it also includes what is added Processes element, such as power correlating markings, and Power related information.Power correlating markings for example may include discussed above preferential Mark.Power related information may include power threshold discussed above, and for example by Fig. 2 power-aware task monitor The 240 other application profiling parameters provided.

We are referring back to step 9A and Fig. 9 B, work(in its power-aware task scheduling subsystem explained by description Operable flow chart.Scheduler subsystem includes permitting module, and its operation is described by Fig. 9 A, and power-aware scheduler module, its Operation is described by Fig. 9 B.Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B may be better understood with reference to Fig. 7 block diagram, wherein power-aware task scheduling is sub System 700 is described as including power-aware allowance module 710 and power-aware task dispatcher 720.Task dispatcher also includes Task selector 750 and power-aware scheduler module 760.Below by Fig. 7 further detail below.

Turning now to Fig. 9 A, permit queue of the module first from such as Fig. 7 entrance task queue 730 and select 920 tasks. Permit whether module check 921 indicates that permission task bypasses mark around the task of the related decision-point of overpower（TBF）By Set.TBF is the mark that can be configured in advance for system task and other appointed tasks.It should be noted that at this point, Can be using each mark referred here to as single binary value parameter, or one or more multivalue ginsengs can be divided them into Number.

If TBF has been set, whole resources required by module 922 whether being performed for tasks of detection are permitted（Example Such as the resource and the communication resource at mobile terminal）It is obtainable.If it is, task is allowed to 923.Otherwise, it is rejected 929。

Decision-point 921 is returned to, if task is not labeled around the related decision-point of overpower, module check is permitted The priority of 924 tasks or key rank.If priority or the high judgement being enough around overpower correlation of key rank Point, then permit module and proceed to resources measurement in decision-point 922.Otherwise, permitting module detection 925, whether user ignores mark （UOF, user override flag）It has been set.Typically, the police in response to being issued by power-aware task dispatcher Accuse, user can set UOF, and this is described below.

If UOF has been set, permits module and proceed to decision-point 922.Otherwise, according to power threshold, module is permitted Whether there is battery enough socking out capacity to meet whole selection standards for inspection 926.Carried out if it is, permitting module To decision-point 922.Otherwise, permit whether module inspection poor 927 asks preferential（RQO, request-override）Mark by Set.When user is alerted by power-aware task dispatcher, after permission task, when RQO is set（For example, when it has Binary value RQO=1）, can be by manually setting UOF to allow the execution of user's promotion task.If RQO has been set, permit Module proceeds to decision-point 922.Otherwise, task is rejected 929.

Turning now to Fig. 9 B, the scheduler of such as Fig. 7 scheduler 760 is selected from the queue of such as ready queue 740 first Select the task of allowance.As shown in fig. 7, this can be completed with the help of task selector 750.Scheduler check 931 whether TBF Through being set, it is, whether task is had been labeled as around the related decision-point of overpower.If it is, scheduler inspection poor 932 The whole resources whether performed required by task are obtainable.If it is, being scheduled to task to perform, and performed 938.Otherwise, scheduler enters decision-point 936, and this is described below.Here we illustrate, decision-point 936 Possible output is refusal or the pause of task, or issues warning to user.Warning 939C result is described more fully below.

Decision-point 931 is returned to, if scheduler determines that TBF is not set also, it is, task is also not flagged as Around overpower associated decision points, scheduler proceeds to decision-point 933, where it is determined that the priority or key of 933 Detection tasks of point Rank.If priority or crucial rank are high enough to during around the related decision-point of overpower, scheduler is carried out in decision-point 932 Resource inspection is poor.Otherwise, whether the precedence designation UOF of user configuring has been set for scheduler inspection 934.If it is, scheduler Into decision-point 932.Otherwise, according to power threshold, scheduler detection 935 whether battery have enough socking out capacity with Meet whole selection standards.If it is, scheduler enters decision-point 932.Otherwise, scheduler enters decision-point 936.

As described above, scheduler can be from decision-point 932, and from decision-point 935, into decision-point 936.Sentence when reaching When pinpointing 936, scheduler checks whether that RQO has been set.If RQO has been set, scheduler can be issued to user Low-power is alerted, and is received and be manually entered from user, wherein if a user indicate that wish the execution of implementation task, being then manually entered It can cause to set UOF（It is, setting UOF=1）.Although not illustrated in figure, will be suspended in task or It is of course possible to issuing warning during refusal.

Therefore, if RQO has been set, scheduler promotes 939C issue warnings.Although not illustrated in figure, Task is also placed in Fig. 9 A waiting list of allowance module by scheduler.In the next cycle for permitting processing, and it is in office Business monitor has reported after the value of statistical indicant of the user configuring value including RQO that RQO can be read in decision-point 927 by permitting module, and it is tied Fruit is as described above.

If RQO is not set also, scheduler inspection 937 is to determine whether that task can be suspended.If it is, scheduling Device promotes 939B tasks to be suspended.Otherwise, scheduler promotes 939A tasks to be rejected.It should be noted that at this point, by Stopped task can auto-returned queue attempted for another scheduling, and being rejected for task is for good and all removed from queue Go.For example, when obtainable power and other conditions return to and meet selection standard（For example examined by power monitor by the cycle Indicated by difference）Rank, if being suspended for task is also not timed-out, they can reactivate automatically.

It should also be noted that, the including being allowed to recently by the task of scheduler handle of the task, and return to carry out The task of next round processing.Each task is selected from ready queue, so as to be regarded as using such as conventional scheduling algorithms' Feature carries out power-aware scheduling and judged.

We will provide how the further of power-aware task scheduling is realized in multitask Mobile operating system now Details.

Show that one of power-aware task dispatcher in multitask Mobile operating system shows in Fig. 7 functional block diagram Example property framework.In described framework, power-aware task scheduling subsystem 700 includes power-aware task and permits module 710 and power-aware task dispatcher 720.Scheduler function block 720 corresponds to Fig. 2 scheduler function block 250.

Power-aware task allows module to be used as doorkeeper；It is, it is the key and power requirement based on application Allow the effective long-term dispatch device of application.Either by user or by os starting new task, the module can be called.Its By using various standards including the power consumption standard discussed before, it is determined that allowing which task performed.If more than one New task simultaneously reach input when, task permit module can for example utilize simple FIFO（FIFO）Scheme is to select standard Judging perhaps for task.If being allowed to perform from the entrance task for entering enqueue 730, ready queue 740 can be placed it in In, to make further scheduling by power-aware task dispatcher 720.

Exemplary power-aware task dispatcher includes the task of the traditional type of addition power-aware scheduler module 760 Selector 750.Module 760 provides short time duty scheduling, and it is intended to effectively distribute to the processor time in ready queue Task.Task in ready queue not only includes those permitting recently for tasks, in addition to from input/output（I/O）After operation Previous dispatching cycle return task, those tasks from key component, those be transferred to main storage task or those Task from interruption.

At this point, " key component " is to access shared memory area, public documents, public variable or some its The program part of its public resource.If a task is performed in key component, it is generally not allowed other tasks and holds wherein OK.Therefore, operating system only allows a task access critical part in the specified time as doorkeeper.

" exchange " be when main storage have it is limited using space when operating system（OS）Executable operation.Cause This, what OS can there will be（But off-duty）Process exchanges main storage, and exchanges to the second-level storage of such as hard disk, Or exchange to the slow RAM memory of extension, to be most newly arrived process vacating space.When OS brings back to the process swapped out It can be changed to when being performed in memory for next round.

Any one completion task choosing, such as First Come First Served in various algorithm knowns can be used（FIFS）, most casual labourer Make preferential（SJF）, remaining time it is most short preferential（It is, SRTF, it is the deformation of preemption SJF algorithms）, poll based on excellent The multi-level queue of first level, multi-level feedback queue, or any tailor-made algorithm.Certain operations system utilizes the group of these algorithms Close.

If power-aware scheduler module determines that scheduler task, to be performed, can transfer task in distributor 770.Point The effect of orchestration is to provide be referred to as range to selected task（quantum）Or the specified duration internal control of timeslice Processor processed.The processor time-quantum method in multiple task operating system is generally set to several ms（10ms）.For example, Time-quantum method in (SuSE) Linux OS changes from 10ms to 200ms.In the range, task or operation are completed, Huo Zheqi Wait state is converted to before ready queue is again returned to.

At the end of task selection course, power-aware task selector 750 can detect whether currently selecting for task The for a long time time is run.The quantity of number of times that the duration for example can have been circulated according to application by task dispatcher 720 come Represent.This inspection of the duration of operation can be advantageous, for example, when needing to consider the leakage rate of battery, not only The application specified is considered, it is also contemplated that the other tasks of the whole being currently running.If whole leakage rates become relatively high, May want to reappraise the application whether specified should be allowed to continue operation.Such reappraise can be according to specified application Priority-level and according to may the other application of operation priority-level carry out.

As shown in fig. 7, power-aware task dispatcher 720 by the function of task with traditional scheduler with it is described herein new , power-aware characteristic is combined.In other realizations, task with traditional scheduler and power-aware task dispatcher for example may be used To be operated as the independent community concurrently or sequentially arranged.

In a possible arranged side-by-side（Do not shown in figure）, ready queue 740 and distributor 770 are serviced simultaneously In traditional and power-aware scheduler, and task selector 750 is for different types of task to be given to different tune Spend device.For example, OS tasks can be sent to conventional scheduler by task selector, and user task is sent to power-aware tune Spend device.Alternatively, each in each scheduler can have its own ready queue and task selector.

In a possible series arrangement（Do not shown in figure）, power-aware task dispatcher is in order One scheduler, and be traditional task dispatcher behind.Power-aware scheduler for example only enters to such as user task Row operation, and OS tasks are simply forwarded to traditional scheduler.Traditional scheduler is not to temporary by power-aware scheduler Stopping or refusing for task is operated, but simply passes them to distributor（For example, can be combined using as The component of conventional scheduler）.On the contrary, being published the task of warning can be handled by conventional scheduler.In interchangeable peace In row, power-aware task dispatcher can be the second scheduler in sequence, behind traditional task dispatcher.

Whether scheduler task depends on the key of task with the judgement performed, such as by application type, its execution Time, complete quantity of power that required by task wants, identified for the communication threshold of the task.Power consumption rate is also important , for example upon execution between when being difficult to predict.In the case where being unable to scheduler task for further performing, OS can alert use Family task has been suspended or refused.OS can allow user for example to indicate by setting to ignore as previously described to ignore power sense Know that scheduling is determined.

Because it is typical to be switched over for processor every several milliseconds between task, therefore can call power sense It is possible to be reappraised in hundreds of times of the enterprising lines per second of the task of return or even more complexity to know task dispatcher.Cause This, in order to avoid inappropriate time in such repeat assessment and power expenditure, it is desirable to grasped with highest possible efficiency Rate of doing work perception task scheduler., will be by it compared to the operation of the threshold value to having been calculated by power-aware task dispatcher The process of decision is limited to a few, then can maintain the efficiency of power-aware scheduler.It should be noted that in this point On, if battery electric quantity is too low so that when only permission key is applied, it is preferable to reduce or be even switched off insignificant appoint Business monitoring and scheduling feature.

With further reference to Fig. 7, it can be seen that being handled in processor 780 for task can have various results.If task It has been completed that, then it can be exited from processing cycle, as shown in the figure.As is known in the art, if task reaches it most The processing time distributed greatly has not been completed, then it can time-out.In this case, task can be typically via processing cycle Circulated, as shown in the figure.Some tasks, which may require that, enters wait state, indicates to need to be used for further to handle until receiving Condition meet triggering untill.

Multiple queues can be set up, wherein each queue represents to wait the task for the event for being used in particular for the queue.Work as event During generation, waiting in the queue for task can return to ready queue.Described in figure is to be labeled as " event 1-n etc. Treat " representative series, to indicate in fact up to n independent sequence.In other words, the queue described in figure is I-th of queue, wherein i=1 ..., n.Trigger event for example can be the activation of display, or wireless connection foundation.

We are turning now to two specific use-cases including principle described herein.The crucial application of first protection, and Second is protected network connectivty in the network condition that there is fluctuation.

Use-case 1：Crucial terminal center service.It can will be applied by user or service provider and be appointed as key, or example As it can be that the key enforced by government is applied.Include recognizing it is desirable that mobile terminal can increasingly be used to perform The crucial application of card and safety.For example, enhanced 911 service is the emergency services that government enforces, it is ensured that may for it The reserved power used can be crucial requirement.In a further embodiment, now by special biometric sensor It is integrated into specific handheld device for authentication purpose, and it is desirable that this sensor related to certification can be not To turn into the standard package of handheld device.

Above, we will apply power threshold（APT）It is defined as specifying required by application to completion since starting The power of estimation, adds the required minimum power of crucial application.Purpose be designated as crucial application performance it is reserved the need for The quantity of power of holding.

Here, we further illustrate a part for the battery capacity that TPM modules can be configured to reserved mobile terminal, from And it is reliably used for key function, authentication function including enhanced 911 services and dependent on biology sensor etc..Such as Fruit has been over the threshold value specified, and TPM modules can realize that such power is reserved, such as by blocking or suspending non-essential Using.According to the APT described before, such obstruction or pause typically can be added to allowance control.

It is desirable that the function of part TPM modules be to ensure that Key Transactions processing required for all components be it is available, And be when needed all exercisable.Thus, for example, TPM should can ignore that the work(of such as display control when needed Rate saves characteristic.

Use-case 2：Non-key network center's application.The user of mobile terminal can wish that for example, some other purposes are listened to Blog downloads content from network central server.In addition, mobile terminal oneself can determine to download content, for example, update local letter Breath, map, advertisement or software patch.Some contents can be time-critical, and other contents may not be time-critical 's.

If user moves, the quality of reception may significant changes.For example, mobile terminal may be received from high-quality Region is moved to difference quality measurement region, and vice versa, causes the continuous fluctuation of the quality of reception.One result is probably to apply body Test the cycle of frequent failure or poor reception.

Because high error rate can typically result in communication link time-out caused by poor reception.However, by mobile terminal, Power-aware task manager is used in network and application server, it is possible to provide can avoid or at least reduce what so time-out occurred Alternative.

It is, because the time-out of poor channel quality can be illustrated typically in relatively low protocol layer, as known, For example it is related to TCP/IP layer.However,（Higher）Application layer, network and mobile terminal can be in the way of overtime frequency be reduced It is adapted to poor channel conditions.For example, application can reduce its data exchange rate, or it is changed into some other strategies.In order to effective, Such adaptive approach can be wanted in mobile terminal, in Internet and between the power-aware task manager of application server Ask cooperation.

In explanatory scheme, power-aware task monitor sets the related ginseng of task according to current channel condition Number, and power-aware task dispatcher is according to the pause of the utilizability of resource and recovery tasks.For example, power-aware task is supervised The priority of task can be changed by surveying device, so as to cause indirect pause, or cause to be scheduled with less frequency interval.At this In the mode of sample, the handling capacity associated with task can be reduced in the period of poor reception, so as to be led in such cycle Cause less time-out.

Specifically, download can be performed with high-speed in the quality of reception good cycle, and communication module is set to half-day rest Sleep mode, to minimize the power consumption of application in the period of poor reception quality.

Become known for assessing the various methods of channel quality.These methods include measurement handling capacity, Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio（SINR）、 FER and transmission power level.

Claims (9)

1. in the mobile communication terminal for being configured as supporting multiple applications, wherein being performed by performing one or more tasks A kind of each application, method includes：

(a) in response to carrying out the dispatch request of self-application, the run time of the requirement of at least one task in the task is obtained The instruction of Power Supplies Condition, wherein the Power Supplies Condition indicated includes the estimation to socking out capacity；

(b) prediction of the speed used in the energy of the run time of the requirement task is obtained；

(c) speed used by the energy of prediction, estimation completes the total amount for the energy that required by task is wanted；With

(d) judgement is scheduled to task, wherein scheduling judges to include alternatively configuring from for the two or more of task Group is selected, and speed and completion required by task are used according to by run time Power Supplies Condition and the energy of the prediction of task Selection standard that the estimation for the whole energy wanted is associated is selected, and selection standard depends on the residue of estimation and put Whether capacitance exceeds whole energy at least threshold quantity that the completion required by task of estimation is wanted；

(e) when task is underway, speed and complete the whole that required by task is wanted that the energy of prediction uses iteratively are updated The estimation of energy；

(f) when task is underway, the iteratively socking out capacity and threshold quantity of more new estimation；And

(g) rate prediction based on renewal and energy estimation, and the renewal based on socking out capacity and threshold quantity estimation, Further scheduling is carried out to task to judge.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein whole energy that the completion task estimated needs are at least partially dependent on The information of application profile retrieval from database is stored in.

3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein at least some is applied with each different priority levels, wherein threshold value Amount depends on the priority level of application belonging to task.

4. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein：

Method further comprises determining that whether the application for being scheduled request has crucial priority level；

Power Supplies Condition is obtained to indicate, obtain the prediction of energy utilization rate and be not in priority level the step of being scheduled judgement Performed under conditions of key；With

If priority level is preferred, unconditional scheduler task.

5. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein being scheduled judgement for multiple tasks, wherein preferential at least one Rank, scheduler task does not consider run time Power Supplies Condition and the energy rate phase used by task predicted for performing Any standard closed.

6. method according to claim 5, wherein calling task for perform, if priority level be it is following at least One, any described standard is not considered：Task is crucial instruction, and user configuring ignores instruction.

7. a kind of mobile communication terminal, including：

Battery；

The information source related to battery condition；

First module, is configured to respond to come the request of the scheduler task of self-application, and battery condition is obtained from battery information source Instruction, wherein the Power Supplies Condition indicated includes estimation to socking out capacity；

The energy use information source related to the speed that the energy for the task that one or more applications are associated is used；

Second module, is configured as, from energy use information source, obtaining at the requirement run time for task to task The prediction for the speed that energy is used, and be configured to, when task is underway, iteratively update the prediction, and And be configured to estimation complete the energy total amount wanted of required by task and be configured as task it is underway when, iteration Ground updates the estimation；And

Task scheduling modules, are configured as being selected from two or more groups alternatively configured for task, wherein root The whole energy wanted according to the speed and completion required by task that use the energy of run time battery condition and the prediction of task Selection standard that the estimation of amount is associated is selected, and selection standard depend on estimation socking out capacity whether The whole energy at least threshold quantity wanted beyond the completion required by task of estimation.

8. mobile communication terminal according to claim 7, further comprises being stored in the application profile in digital storage Database, wherein energy is configured to from application profile database retrieval information using forecast model, in this, as the task of completion The estimation basis of the whole energy needed.

9. mobile communication terminal according to claim 8, wherein application profile database include the different excellent of different application The instruction of first rank.