CN103348382B - It is determined that and motion and spiral feature during analysis golf driving method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

One kind determines golf clubs（19）And ball（13）Movement characteristic system or device（1）, including spiral feature, it is not necessary to increase or detect the mark or mark on ball.Ball motion before the batting of beam broken systematic survey and after the club motion and square stance and batting of square stance.Determine spiral feature, including spiral component and spiral reason.

Description

It is determined that and motion and spiral feature during analysis golf driving method and apparatus

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of for determining the movement characteristic related to club square stance golf swing (including Gao Er Husband's ball spiral feature) system and device.Present invention relates particularly to but be directed not only to a kind of such method and apparatus, methods described The reason for including analyzing these ball spiral features；Described device fully or largely automatic running, without technical staff or Expert helps.

Following prior art documents are disclosed for the movement characteristic (including rotational characteristics) that determines golf driving Device.

US 4,136,387, US 5,471,383, US 6,592,465 and US 20040030527 are disclosed and can passed through The geometric position or size of permanent marks or mark on sphere between two or more consecutive images of sport ball are analyzed with processor Change to determine the device of spiral feature.Image is caught by one or more high-speed camera.But these systems are in some sides There is inherent limitation in face, especially these systems determine that the accuracy or reliability level of side spin parameter is very low, because side The mark or mark that spiral is produced are very small compared with mark or mark that chop is produced.Also there is following limitation in these systems Property, i.e., golf needs to carry out signalment and guarantees these marks of positioning or indicate so as to detect in the picture These marks are marked.These systems can not distinguish angle spiral and eccentric spiral.This specification is following by definition and explains Angle spiral and eccentric spiral.

Some systems of similar said system attempt the ball for avoiding using signalment.The B2 of US 7,292,711 are disclosed A kind of system similar to said system, wherein, signalment or mark are not detected, but detect natural surface mark, such as ball The stain on surface, cut channel or indenture.US 2006/0046861 discloses a kind of system, wherein, interim heat label is detected, rather than Signalment.But it is believed that these systems can not work in practical situations both.Even if additionally, these systems can be in reality In the case of work, can not overcome it is determined that because accuracy or reliability are very low, other of correlation limit to during side spin parameter Property, and cannot distinguish between angle spiral and eccentric spiral.

US 2002/0107078 and the B1 of US 6,224,971 are disclosed can be caught on golf by radar system The contrast reflected signal for being done determines the device of spiral feature.Reflected signal is analyzed by processor, to determine spiral feature. But these systems can not measure spiral axle and side spin.These systems can not distinguish angle spiral and eccentric spiral.Another office Limit is that golf can not carry out significantly angle spiral in measurement process, and this needs contour to low speed spiral, a rod batting Speed batting carries out relatively long distance tracking, therefore can not use closely net.Need also exist for providing special on golf Make golf before reflecrtive mark and batting in limitation such as specific direction orientations.

US 20090075744 discloses a kind of radar installations, and it passes through radar signal and (including is equally spaced in frequency Frequency vestige) frequency analysis determines the methods such as spiral speed, and spiral parameter is just can determine that without using special reflective marker.The dress Put and can also overcome and can not detect side spin this limitation by determining that golf ball flight trajectory is individually determined spiral axle.But But there are some other limitation in the system.One of them is exactly that it is only used when long-distance flight trajectory is tracked, therefore Can not indoors using or use when tapping ball into net.Another limitation is exactly the landscape condition that has not counted may influence mode class The trajectory of spiral generation is similar to, causes the related spiral parameter of determination inaccurate.Another limitation be cannot distinguish between angle spiral and Eccentric spiral.

Another limitation of all these prior art disclosures is that while to can determine that the spiral feature of golf, But the information that can how or why produce these features can not be provided.The present invention tries hard to overcome these limitations of prior art Property.

Background technology

Golf spiral great importance in golf sports because spiral significantly affect golf ball flight and with Bounce-back afterwards and rolling.Although around single-rotation axis spiral in general Golf coaching, generally from chop and side spin Vertically and horizontally component studies spiral.Chop is appeared in the aerial impact of standard all the time, and according to batting mode and It is required that chop generally has optimal transmitted value.Side spin is also appeared in standard aerial impact sometimes, and with progressively laterally Deviate trajectory relevant.In this specification, all terms are applied to the golfer for batting from right to left, almost including all right sides The player of forehand hit and the player of most of left hand batting.In this explanation, spiral discussion is only applicable to iron and rod batting, art Language ' wood ' bar includes all aluminum medal woods of kick off rod and omnipotent club etc..This specification does not include mainly occurring compared with low speed Two dimension is pushed out.

When iron type golf club golf, there are two kinds of basic conditions to cause spiral.One of which situation is produced So-called ' angle spiral ', square stance, the contact point three-dimensional vertical line on face occurs when not parallel with club motion three-dimensional Such case.When face and angled trunnion axis, because club has loft angle, after all standard golf ball-battings There is the situation.If face is at an angle of with vertical axis, i.e. also there is such case in face ' opening ' or ' conjunction '.In addition, When contact point vertical line is just aligned with target direction, but square stance club head in the poor direction with target direction misalignment really Also there is such case during close to golf.It is properly positioned during orientation is batted and above-mentioned situation, wherein golf equally occurs Face center is flown away from, and face bends, and such as typically occurs in the case of using kick off rod and other rods, because ball Pole face curvature can cause vertical line and target direction misalignment.

If ball does eccentric motion in the horizontal or vertical directions after being batted by club, and club head center of gravity is clearly located in When behind face, generally occurring within causes another situation of spiral, for example, being particularly during with a rod, can cause partially The heart move, during with other rods, eccentric motion is done with less angle, when using iron, with smaller angle do eccentric motion or Move without acceptance of persons.This kind of spiral is relevant with the rotation of club head so that the friction between ball surface and rotation club head surface is nibbled Conjunction causes reverse spiral.The term that less science is commonly used in golf common saying is referred to as " gear effect spiral ", but this specification Using term " eccentric spiral ".In the case where certain bias spiral is produced with iron, compared with the effect that rod is produced, iron The higher angular spiral that matches for generally producing is with generally shorter iron shot distance (side spin influences smaller to trajectory) further Reduce the effect that iron is produced.It is hook-shaped trajectory that eccentric spiral can cause level bias head toe batting, level bias heel It is oblique trajectory to bat to chamfer the batting high of trajectory, vertical eccentric, vertical eccentric is low bats as awscent trajectory." toe " and " with Portion " refer to respectively away from the club side near shaft.For these spiral effects are contained in part and produce in club certain " forgiveness " of degree, a rod and other rod manufacturers are disposed across face in the horizontal and vertical directions respectively " protrusion " and " fluctuating " folding line.Although eccentric spiral is generally dominant, the folding line facilitates the spiral of certain angle, and promotees The batting of orientation in the reverse direction in direction caused by Cheng Yu bias spirals.According to golf rule, rod can have the folding line, Must not there is the folding line in the iron that must have plane.

In the event of angle spiral and eccentric spiral, they can form a single combination spiral, can be according to chop and side Spiral component observes the combination spiral, although it is actually with depending on the inclined tool of chop and side spin component proportion With the presence of total combination spiral of spiral axle.During without side spin, the direction of motion of spiral axle and ball in same level, and therewith just Hand over.Spiral direction of rotation rises for ball leading edge, and trailing edge declines.Although spiral is generally not enough by the 1% of batting kinetic energy, due to Spiral can make trajectory raise and bend in the case where directly energy is not used, and be acted in the way of rudder sometimes, therefore, rotation Ball can produce out-of-proportion huge effect to trajectory.Direction with spiral axle and ball produces rising at a right angle.This cause ball to Left or to right rotation, wherein side spin makes spiral axle be inclined away from horizontal direction.If ball is just in uphill process, it can also be produced Raw component and drag backward, make ball slow down.Equally, if ball is in during decline, it can cause to resist drag Forwards components, accelerate ball.When ball reaches ground, golf will generally keep its most of initial spiral energy.

Face center is defined essentially by the vertical line of the face for being projected back to club head center of gravity.Because manufacturer has When be deliberately disposed at slightly off-center position to realize some specific functions, face center is not necessarily located in The geometric center of face, for example, if it is considered to player tend to chop, it is moved several millimeters to heel sometimes and is mended Repay.Face vertical line since center of gravity is also normally positioned at the face geometric center top position of a bit.For standard at a high speed Batting, square stance, shaft will not produce great effect to vertical axial club movement characteristic.Square stance, it is to trunnion axis The influence of the movement characteristic of surrounding is also very small, unless shaft is provided with stone tip in club cephalic par.

The content of the invention

The present invention is more specifically limited by the appended system claims and device claim of including this specification.

An aspect of of the present present invention is related to one kind to understand, that is, generally using, and measurement or determination offer one kind can be accurate indirectly Easily determine the best approach of some spiral parameters, be also conventional unique method.Term " generally using " is often referred to Gao Er Husband player and Golf coaching just keeping oneself in practice and training in use, do not refer to the expert that can use specialized laboratory or equipment Use.Term " indirectly measurement " refers to be determined by the secondary of measuring characteristic or derivative reason or effect, rather than directly or Instant detection feature, for example, the motion detection for being marked on sphere in present example or being indicated constitutes direct or measurement immediately.

Another aspect of the present invention is related to a kind of by recognizing and effectively being rebuild and appropriate using ball and club movement characteristic Analysis and research shot related fields determine understanding for spiral parameter.Effective reconstruction is related to determine around shot Situation simultaneously determines batting feature according to situation about determining.

Another aspect of the present invention is related to one kind to understand, can enough accuracies of measurement it is limited and it is sometimes unsuitable can Movement characteristic is measured to determine some spiral features, because being easier the information of measurement in the presence of the available information than being strict with, And there may be using this redundant information come the method for the accuracy for improving determination, the spiral feature determined with the method is accurate Exactness is higher.This understands Notable, club movement characteristic is grasped completely and the physical material of club and ball is resonable By the ball movement characteristic for being above enough to be able adequately determines correlation, including spiral feature, more ball movement characteristics are not needed to know in theory Know.In addition to spiral feature, ball movement characteristic can be can be used in it is determined that preceding provide described many by user's direct measurement Remaining information.Can be used to determine high accuracy result, including nerve net according to the potential duplication of its limited accuracy or more than information The artificial intelligence systems such as network, artificial intelligence system can without restriction receive input and can consider for determination by training All inputs and its result of correlation.

Another aspect of the present invention is related to one kind to understand, and this understands and overcomes many difficulties, it may also be used for accurate to determine rotation Ball feature, while more meaningful more consistent determination result can be provided for user.This is related to understand following situations, i.e., to using The most useful feedback information related to spiral spiral feature of person often with known case under according to empirically determined special sort Or the ball average characteristics of type are relevant, rather than have with the concrete property and ambient conditions of ball actually used in tested batting Close, and this is allowed it is determined that solving many X factors during feature and eliminating the unnecessary measurement of irrelevant variable.Specifically, The spiral feature of ball is influenceed by the ball material coefficient of resilience and cladding material hardness relevant feature, from spiral feature with making Actually uninterested mode changes user.For example, spiral feature can be with feelings such as ball temperature, the time for using and structural conditions There is great change, ball temperature, the length of playing a ball game and structural condition etc. and be referred to as " condition of ball " in condition, user does not know under normal circumstances These situations of ball.User generally hits the ball of special sort or type in known previously selected temperature to it with the conditions of The spiral feature for causing is interested.This different shot for also allowing to produce different balls under different ambient conditions enters The more meaningful comparing of row, to provide more consistent result.

In actual impact, some characteristics of ball can influence spiral characteristic, but can not possibly influence measurement indirectly, all the time Replace these characteristics of ball advantageous by the related standard feature of the normal play of user.For example, the surface mill of type Damage or damage can cause this kind of situation.Part of properties may influence indirectly measurement, but, these characteristics be not usually very significantly, Because indirect measured deviation is caused by the characteristic unrelated with user, therefore, it is, in general, that it is still conducive to using Person uses standard feature.In order to reduce these effects as far as possible, user should using characteristic with have standard feature it is ball as Test ball.

Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the display information stream essential element in the present example of the combination in terms of using foregoing invention. The abbreviation used in this figure shows in bracket briefly described below.The inside in frame and method or apparatus in the range of dotted line Flow correspondence.Measurement golf information (MB) and club information (MC) when golf swing (S) is acted are carried out to device.God Receive the golf (MB) that carrys out measurement through the artificial intelligence such as network (AI) and club information (MC) and user select The input of golf ball-type and condition (SB).According to the information and the club information (MC) of measurement obtained from artificial intelligence (AI) really Fixed more club information (DC).Then, ball information (MB) according to measurement, artificial intelligence (AI), the club information of determination (DC) the golf ball-type and the combined information of condition (SB) that, the club information (MC) and user of measurement are selected determine that spiral is special Point (DS).Believed by the club of the ball information (MB) for measuring, the spiral feature (S) of determination, the club information (MC) of measurement, determination The golf ball-type and condition (SB) that breath (DC) and user select carry out swing analysis (A).Analysis is carried out as requested outer (C) is linked up in portion.

Another aspect of the present invention is related to one kind to understand：Due to it, amplitude is generally smaller compared with the chop of angle, can pass through Determine that some can be used to the characteristics of accurately determining and overcome accurately measure important angle side spin component this is difficult respectively.These are special One of point is related to the angle of spiral axle, in the absence of or the angle can be formed when being not counted in eccentric spiral.Other features are further related to always Combination angle spiral speed.

Fig. 2 is the block diagram of similar Fig. 1, but is only limitted to a part for all processes, and display has with the upper section inventive aspect The information flow essential element of pass.If possible employ artificial intelligence, measurement and the golf for determining and club information (MDBC/AI) then it is used to determine angle spiral speed data (DASR) and angle spiral number of axle evidence, without acceptance of persons spiral (DASANO), i.e., not Data are had determined during in the presence of eccentric spiral.Discounting for eccentric spiral (DASANO), then according to the angle spiral speed for determining The combined information of data (DASR) and angle spiral number of axle evidence determines angle spiral component data (DASC) (i.e. angle side spin and angle backspin Ball).Measurement and the golf for determining and club information (MDBC/AI) are also used for determining eccentric spiral data (DOS).According to true The eccentric spiral data (DOS) at fixed angle spiral speed data (DASR), angle spiral component data (DASC) of determination and determination Combination input, determine spiral feature (DS) or those features at least having not determined.The golf ball-type and condition of user Selection (SB) is also that golf and club information (MDBC/AI) measurement and determination, angle spiral speed data (DASR) are determined The input determined with spiral feature (DS).

Determine angle spiral axle and angle spiral speed

From for symmetry, can be shown that angle spiral axle before batting perpendicular to the club direction of motion and most primiparity for producing The raw ball direction of motion, such as ball leaves face.In this manual, unless otherwise prescribed, ' direction ' represents that 3D (three-dimensional) is empty Between in direction.The club direction of motion (synonymous with the club head direction of motion) of generation should be referred to as ' club direction ', generation The ball direction of motion should be referred to as ' direction of bowl '.Because club direction and direction of bowl are forever uneven in the skilled batting of any standard OK, their orientation correspondingly determines the orientation of angle spiral axle.Angle spiral axle be do not exist or when being not counted in eccentric spiral ball around The axle of its spiral.

By relation：Tan (λ)=ω as/ ω ab obtain the side spin of angle of departure spiral and the ratio of chop component, wherein λ Be in the absence of or angle when being not counted in eccentric spiral between trunnion axis and spiral axle；ω as are angle side spin speed；ω ab are Angle chop speed.

Due to changeability and uncertain (ball deforms on face when angle spiral is produced), angle spiral speed is actually not It is suitable to accurate general mathematical treatment.However, drawing following result from empirical test.Under equal conditions, angle spiral essence Upper and club velocity and face deflection sine linear proportional, with the linear inverse ratio of the moment of inertia of ball.Term ' face side To angle ' represent square stance face at ball contact point vertical and between 3D vertical lines angle.Similarly, angle spiral substantially with Mc/ (mb+mc) ratio linear proportional, wherein mb and mc is respectively the quality of ball and club.Similarly, angle spiral substantially with The different ratio linear proportional of ball speed difference that face elastic characteristic difference is caused.The ratio can also use returning that ball and face are combined The equivalent proportion for playing coefficient is represented.Angle spiral is also heavily dependent on structure, elasticity and the deformation characteristic of ball, including ball The variables such as temperature, the length of playing a ball game and condition.The expression mathematically of dependence behind these is complicated, variable and difficulty.In default ring Under the conditions of border, angle is set to determine to concentrate on the proper range of ball example easily to delete these relations from exercise, as previously described.

The club correlated variables of face quality and club surface elastic is not considered temporarily, for giving giving under environmental condition Determine ball and club, combination spiral speed is drawn by following：ω a=K.Vc.sin α, wherein, ω a are combination angle spiral speed；K To give the steady state value of ball and club condition；Vc is the combination club head speed before batting；α is face deflection.Needing Or it is selected it is any under the conditions of, by the true defining K value of the investigative test of each ball-type.If the club of similar characteristic is used for exploration tried Test with true defining K value, can also eliminate the demand for determining club relevant variable.Or, it is above-mentioned by the way that the angle spiral value of determination is multiplied by Appropriate adjustment ratio makes the single value of K can be used for the club of different club head quality or face elastic characteristic.

In the case of adjustment club head quality (but quality is unknown in advance), can be kept according to momentum before batting and after batting Constant rule club direction of motion before batting is determined by using following kind of relation direct measurement ball or club velocity： Mc.Vc=mc.Wc.cos (ξ)+mb.Vb.cos (ψ), wherein mc are club head quality；Mb is ball quality；Vc is club before batting Head speed；Wc is club head speed after batting；Vb is ball speed after batting；ξ is the angle between the front and rear club head direction of batting； ψ is the angle after club head direction and batting between ball speed before batting.Can be by all arts in direct measurement acquisition relation Language (except mc and mb).The higher limit of ball weight is limited due to regulator, when all standard balls are quite similar, readily estimated mb Value.

Club head elastic module is primarily referred to as generally being obtained by sake aluminum medal wood, especially number rod of major part titanium alloy Other elasticity for obtaining.These other elasticity give all or most of gold of face size depending on the upper limit of regulator Most there is category rod similar elastic characteristic to seem increasingly may at last.Therefore, elasticity will gradually count the K that experiment determines Value.

Determine face direction and face deflection

From for symmetry, the 3D vertical lines orientation of face is can be shown that, if contacted with ball first, in club direction With direction of bowl identical plane.Face vertical line should be referred to as in ' face direction '.

Face angle of vertical should be referred to as ' face deflection ' in the range of 3D reference systems, and can be by including vertical direction Axle with anticipated orientation easily determines in the range of reference system.If face is in the horizontal plane square, face direction Angle is identical with common golf term ' dynamic loft angle '.Face deflection can be determined by directly or indirectly measurement, or made Estimate face deflection with empirically determined method, as described below, its ' experience ' method for being referred to as determining this angle.

According to the loft angle of club, face direction angle value is about the 130%-110% of combined spheres deflection, all In the case of be worth and reduced with the reduction at face direction and club face oblique angle, in the range of value also change with ball-type.Experiment is aobvious Show the single mathematic(al) representation of any given ball-type, such as following second order polynomial relation, can be in the direction of bowl angle model for typically encountering Interior offer rationally accurate face bearing estimate is provided：γ=a. θ 2+b. θ, wherein γ are face deflection；θ is ball side To angle；A and b is the experience gained coefficient of expression formula.Following relation is applied to a conventional ball type in the case where typically encountering： γ=(0.027) θ 2+ (0.75) θ.Experiment further shows result only to ball-type medium sensitivity, so, less representativeness Ball-type data from the sample survey can fully cover all types of similar level of accuracy.Mathematical table can easily be drawn by investigative test Up to the coefficient data in formula.

It is determined that eccentric spiral

If producing eccentric spiral, off-center hits make club head be rotated around its mass centre, face edge can be made in turn Ball surface is moved, so as to produce spiral.In the case of consistent unit, the phase being related in the shot and combination rotation The simple analysis of Guan Li, motion and geometry provide following relation：β .I=Vb.d.mb, and ω o=A. β/π Db, therefore Conclusion is：ω o=[Vb.d] [A/I] [mb/ π Db], wherein ω o are the eccentric spiral speed that ball is produced；β leaves club for ball Angular speed of the club head around its mass centre during face；D is from the normal striking point on the ball of face to the eccentric throw of its mass centre；mb It is ball quality；Ball speed after Vb batting；I is the moment of inertia of the club head around its axle for passing through mass centre, and wherein club revolves around axle Turn；Db is bulb diameter, and A is the distance of mass centre after face.

In the case, the horizontal and vertical component of eccentric spiral is preferably individually calculated, due to club head inertia values The rotation of opposing connection vertically and horizontally axle is entirely different, generally only available by these axles or easily calculate.Relation is as follows, wherein under Mark h and v represents horizontal and vertical respectively：ω oh=[Vb.dh] [A/Ih] [mb/ π Db] and ω ov=[Vb.dv] [A/Iv] [mb/ π Db], wherein ω oh are the combined horizontal component of ball bias spiral；Dh is the vertical line striking point on the ball of face in its quality The horizontal component of the eccentric throw of the heart, i.e. the horizontal displacement of power；Ih is inertia of the club head around the trunnion axis by its mass centre Square；ω ov are the combined horizontal component of ball bias spiral；Dv is the vertical line striking point on the ball of face to its mass centre's eccentric throw Horizontal component, i.e. the horizontal displacement of power；Iv is the moment of inertia of the club head around the trunnion axis by its mass centre.

All entry value are related to ball in [mb/ π Db] and can use at any time.Most balls meet presently relevant set by regulatory authorities Limitation, the minimum 4.267cm of diameter, quality is 45.93g to the maximum.

The value of [A/Ih] and [A/Iv] is that club is peculiar, has been announced and suitable for many clubs, especially level value.Or Person, can precalculate value by well-known standard and the method for determining.Simultaneously it should be noted that the A/I ratios of most of clubs are total It is quite stable, is divided into and is typically designed classification, is included in manufacture in the 460cc volumetric constraints being currently set by regulator agencies A most of modern rod club.This mode allows to use A/I standard default values, unless known ball is marked beyond these Quasi- value, therefore more correlations can be replaced.It should also be noted that regulator agencies have been currently set club head horizontal inertial square maximum It is 5900g cm2 to be worth, but seldom club can be really achieved the value (if there is).

Relation between spiral feature

The component of combination angle spiral and eccentric spiral determines the total of spiral speed and spiral axle in identical reference system Component.The combination can be readily achieved by the mathematical skill of various abundant checkings.Term ' total ' herein should represent that angle is revolved The combination or the combination of these components of ball and eccentric spiral.Term ' total spiral ', ' total side spin ' and ' total chop ' is also distinguished Synonymous with term ' spiral ', ' side spin ' and ' chop ', these terms and angle spiral or biasing spiral are without clearly contacting.

Mathematically related spiral velocity component is as follows：ω a2=ω as2+ ω ab2 and ω o2=ω os2+ ω ob2, its Middle ω a are angle spiral speed；ω as are angle side spin speed；ω ab are angle chop speed；ω o are eccentric spiral speed；ω Os is eccentric side spin speed；ω ob are eccentric chop speed.

When determining angle spiral and eccentric spiral in identical reference system or decomposing in identical reference system：ω s=ω As+ ω os and ω b=ω ab+ ω ob, wherein ω s are the total speed of side spin；And ω b are the total speed of chop.Note ' backspin Ball ' it is assumed to be positive and negative values.Angle chop speed and the total speed of chop are usual in the golf ball-batting of the completion motion of standard Be on the occasion of.However, the speed of eccentric chop component is negative often, wherein being subtracted from generally larger chop component.

Meanwhile, the total spiral axle for determining or decomposing in identical reference system is as follows：Wherein It is the angle between trunnion axis and spiral axle, has counted all spirals.Total spiral axle and direction of bowl and club direction determine It is and club direction is in the direction of the aerodynamic lift of same level and orthogonal towards spiral axle and direction of bowl.

Specific embodiment

From step disclosed above, one group is can determine that by certain movement characteristic and predetermined item of information The component combination of total spiral feature and its angle spiral feature and eccentric spiral feature.Movement characteristic refer to measurement or determine it is specific The movement characteristic of batting, including the club velocity vector before batting, the ball velocity after batting, club quality are not counted ' K ' Club velocity vector and face batter's box after being batted during value.Movement characteristic also includes the face direction before batting, Can be measured or be determined for specific batting, or by the ' experience by previously published face direction angular dependence is determined Method ' determine for the measured value at direction of bowl angle.Predetermined item of information is related to batting to classify or classification, including given ball and Related ' K ' value of determination angle spiral of club condition, the A/I of club head_hAnd A/I_vValue and ball face elasticity number be not (if counted ' K ' value).Term ' club velocity vector ' and ' ball velocity ' are respectively defined as describing position, the motion side of club and ball To the vector with velocity amplitude, therefore including ' club direction ' and ' direction of bowl '.

Required movement characteristic, including but not limited to high speed video system, detections of radar can be measured by various modes System and beam broken system.

Movement characteristic can be determined with enough speed, enable method interactive operation, so as to be used in exercise link Person provides feedback.

The present invention is more specifically described referring now to Fig. 3 to 12 (b), an implementation of the invention is described by way of example Example, the embodiment determines movement characteristic using beam broken system, including golf ball-batting spiral feature.Although file is not wrapped The determination of spiral feature is included, but the beam broken system of determination batting movement characteristic is known, while reference is also made to existing skill Art file WO 2006/061809.Such beam broken system can be used to be caught in 3D solid modes the fortune of very high speed It is dynamic.In alternative embodiments, using by optics such as prisms in the visible two or more video camera of different angles, or In the visible video camera of different angles, stereo-picture can be caught using high speed video system.

Referring now to Fig. 3, it is the diagram outerplanar graph of device arrangement, including beam path, although light beam is actually not It can be seen that.

Fig. 4 for Fig. 3 central light beams region closer to view, also including the identification label on light beam.

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are view similar to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively, it is shown that any change in device arrangement.

Fig. 7 is to include a schematic side-view for light beam of transmitter, receiver, collimation lens and other optical components. Beam profile is indicated by the solid line, and in light beam hitting region group parallel lines are represented, that includes the collimated rays of a flat rubber belting. The figure shortens along the captured alignment of light beam actually longer than display, such as Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 findings.This figure also illustrates interruption The ball of the outer pathway of beam center portion.

Fig. 8 describes the schematical section plan by amplifying collimation lens, and wherein light beam is passed through and amplifies collimation lens Simultaneously.

Fig. 9 (a) and 9 (b) are number rod club head of standard and its front view and side view of a part for phase connecting rod shank. Club head is located at intermediate orientation, i.e. zero roll angle and dynamic loft angle is equal to quiet loft angle.

Figure 10 (a) and 10 (b) are standard iron club head and its front view and side view of a part for phase connecting rod shank.Ball Head is located at intermediate orientation.

Figure 11 (a) is as shown in Fig. 9 (a) and Fig. 9 (b), in light beam B1, B2, B3 or B0 in the scanning direction of any bar It can be seen that, a view for rod club head in the intermediate orientation as described in Fig. 4 or Fig. 6.This figure also illustrates in these light beams The various measurements that can be carried out during scanning club head.

Figure 11 (b) is as shown in Fig. 9 (a) and Fig. 9 (b), in light beam F1, F2, F3 or F0 in the scanning direction of any bar It can be seen that, a view for rod club head in the intermediate orientation as described in Fig. 4 or Fig. 6.This figure also illustrates in these light beams The various measurements that can be carried out during scanning club head.

Figure 12 (a) is the scanning direction of any bar as shown in Figure 10 (a) and Figure 10 (b), in light beam B1, B2, B3 or B0 In in intermediate orientation visible, as described in Fig. 4 or Fig. 6 iron ball head view.Scanned this figure also illustrates in these light beams The various measurements that can be carried out during club head.

Figure 12 (b) is the scanning direction of any bar as shown in Figure 10 (a) and Figure 10 (b), in light beam F1, F2, F3 or F0 In intermediate orientation middle irons club head visible, as described in Fig. 4 or Fig. 6 view.Swept this figure also illustrates in these light beams The various measurements that can be carried out when retouching club head.Figure 11 (a) and 12 (a) are ' heel light beam ' view of club, wherein before image Along positioned at heel lateral.Figure 11 (b) and 12 (b) are ' club head toe light beam ' view, and the wherein forward position of image is located at club head toe Portion side.

The following is the index of reference numeral used in Fig. 3 to 12 (b)：

1. device

2. the ball of initial rest position

3. the line of estimated heading is shown

4. light beam

5. beam intersection

6. the shell of transmitter and detector is accommodated

7. striking surface

8. reflective mirror

9. standing surface or mat

10. transmitter/laser

11. transmitter lens/laser lens

12. collimation lenses

13. balls

14. beam splitters

15. photoelectric detector dot matrix

16. collimation lens faces

17. collimation lens light beam screens

18. collimation lens locating flanges

19. club heads

20. faces

21. shafts

22. latches

23. knife back

24. toes

25. heels

26. leader labels

27. shafts

28. heel forward positions

29. toe forward positions

The reference point of 30. axles and profile intersects

31. guide beams

Referring now to Fig. 3, device includes accommodating the shell of transmitter and receiver, striking surface, mirror apparatus and uses Person's standing surface or mat.This figure also illustrates the golf being in place before being hit by club, while also show virtual straight Line and arrow, from left to right represent the estimated ball direction of motion.The figure illustrates number rod batting arrangement of standard, wherein standing surface Placed away from ball with mirror apparatus.For shorter club, placed in the way of closer to ball, can be put in nearest position Ball.' estimated ' direction is often referred to hit a ball and his or her batting can be directed at enveloping field, striking surface or standing by user The target direction of the parallel edges in face.

With reference to Fig. 4, the light beam of mark has following functions and arrangement.Towards the F1 and F2 of collimated light beam and dorsad parallel The B1 and B2 of light beam are used to detect that club is moved.Light beam F3 and B3 are used to detect the motion of ball resting position, hitting time and club. Towards collimated light beam F4 and F5 and dorsad the B4 and B5 of collimated light beam be used for detect ball move.By all light beams be set to Estimated direction is in 65 °.It is several that associated beam such as F1 and B1 are represented with form ' F1-B1 ' sometimes for succinct and clear.Light beam The joining of F1-B1, F2-B2, F3-B3, F4-B4 and F5-B5 is respectively positioned on the straight line by the estimated direction of the centre of sphere.F1-B1 50mm and 20mm is respectively with the distance between the joining of F2-B2 and the joining of F2-B2 and F3-B3.The joining of F2-B2 It is 38mm with the distance between the centre of sphere.The centre of sphere is at least 41mm with the distance of F4-B4 joinings.The joining of F4-B4 and F5-B5 The distance between be 30mm.

Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are similar with Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 respectively, but beam arrangement includes two kinds of any changes.These arbitrarily change In one include other light beams to F0-B0, F0-B0, F1-B1 and F2-B2 detection club can only be moved by light beam, and by light Beam detects ball resting position and hitting time to F3-B3.Other any changes include detecting other balls of light beam to F6-B6.

Arrangement shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 with less part and low cost, complexity reduction and size reduce it is relatively excellent Gesture, meets in performance and can be used when operation is required.In the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, depressed trajectory batting, such as with rod and length Iron shot occurs simultaneously, and F4-B4 and F6-B6 are measured by light beam, and high trajectory batting then by light beam to F4-B4 and F5-B5 is measured.Increase light beam to F6-B6 to provide farther distance, by this apart from the flight path of measurable ball increasing survey The amount degree of accuracy.Light beam can not be moved to the position farther out to F5-B5 because high trajectory batting will to rise to this high apart from 110mm The extreme higher position of light beam.In the arrangement shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, single group light beam no longer detects initial conditions and the club motion of ball. In the case of several, it is believed that it is desirable, including situations below that this function is separated.It is considered that the segment beam being blocked by the ball is damaged Losing can be to detecting that the reliability and accuracy of club have a negative impact.Think the detection that the accurate static position for being adapted to ball is detected Device is unsuitable for the accurate of club and detects at high speed.

Other beam arrangements and change in size can be used.Several group directional lights symmetrical with the score of ball need not be used Beam, but this arrangement can simplify the calculating of system and understand and optimize various variables, and partly cause is that analogue is suitable to target The both sides of line.There is normalization component using consistent beam angle and convenient more close component is arranged.Selection Beam angle reduces the optimum balance of plant bulk mainly as horizontal detection sensitivity and as far as possible.Selection light beam and beam heights The distance between mainly as detection sensitivity, catch striking limits on the ball and as far as possible reduce plant bulk optimum balance.

Although example system includes the six club measuring beams set with two different angles, club measuring beam Minimum requirements is at least three or four light beams and at least two different angles.It is preferable, however, that four light beams are realizing different angles Balance between degree group simultaneously obtains high accuracy.When club is shifted to and moves into hitting region, it is special that a large amount of light beams provide other Point or change change information.These light beams can also sharing function, such as measurement of place kick and hitting time.Equally, although showing Example system includes the four or six ball measuring beams set with two different angles, but the minimum requirements of ball measuring beam is two Light beam and must again with different angles set.Because the symmetry and measuring characteristic or variable of ball are reduced, minimum beam number The amount quantity required less than club motion.But, as discussed in exemplary arrangement description, must be realized with more ball measuring beams The degree of accuracy higher.

Device includes striking surface and the ball of ground, ground support or toe is placed directly in before batting.Striking surface includes resistance to With artificial turf or polymer pad.By the way of, ball is positioned over flexibly or on Collapsible rack with similar to training field It is required that height.Standing surface or mat are used for balancing the height of the height with striking surface of user standing place.Although not having in figure It has been shown that, the device also includes User's Interface and programming electronic processors, and the processor is operable to change the signal of light beam Into club and the movement characteristic of ball, described elsewhere method in this specification is conformed generally to.

Referring now to Fig. 7, every light beam described in Fig. 3 to Fig. 6 includes arrangement form shown in Fig. 3.It is made up of laser diode Transmitter dissipated strongly with vertical direction, while the mode of lateral divergence sends light beam.(referred to as laser is saturating by lens for light beam Mirror), light beam is modified as more flat shape by it, while from edge, most weak to be modified as center most weak by intensity distribution.Because light beam The optical transmission loss at edge is higher, can change intensity distribution to show most uniform final distribution in photodiode array.

Beam splitter intercepts flat top beam, hop light beam, is modified as putting down through the vertical collimating lens for extending, by light beam Row collimation form.Unless stopped by club or ball or partly stopped by it, collimated light beam passes through striking surface by this form, while Reflected back along outer pathway by reflective mirror.The reflected beams return to collimation lens, and convergence form is converted into from parallel collimated form, This is completely different with the conversion of outer pathway.Returning beam meets with beam splitter, is partly reflected back, and forms the light electric-examination of vertically-guided Device dot matrix image is surveyed, can be arbitrarily inverted as shown in the figure.Beam splitter is rotated around vertical axis, from right-angle steering outgoing and the light beam for returning Path, positions detector and slightly offsets collimation lens and outgoing beam path.Therefore, by any thing of main collimated light beam Body will on the detector array form proportional contour images.Component is with main collimated light beam thickness 1mm's and height 110mm Mode is arranged.

The collimation lens being made up of the Fresnel facet of longitudinal array performs two tasks：By penetrating for laser and laser lens The outgoing through striking surface that line is divided into parallel collimated form operates light beam；And Returning beam is focused on into convergence ray, most The image of photoelectric detector dot matrix is generated eventually.Collimation lens is produced with injection molding of polymers, and its cross section is as shown in Figure 8.Each face Vertical height about 1mm, width about 2mm.As viewed from horizontal profile, these faces are substantially flat, but are song as viewed from vertical section Line.Each face is set to be adapted to angle, the segment beam of the direction of collimation of requirement is refracted through.Molding is with a series of of beam angle Face produces, and molding is accurately fitted within shell easily, and main body and locating flange are towards shell main shaft.Molding also with it is each Total molding screen is provided with the relative surface in face.These screens are made up of angled face, and these faces extend to molding optical Partial overall height and offset operation light beam；Any width of distance is increased and is set with the beam thickness for selecting between screen, described It is 1mm in example.Therefore, collimated light beam is adjusted to the light beams wide of 1mm in outer pathway, is adjusted to 1mm during return again.This has Help eliminate the dispersion that other light communication effects laterally occurred along each side diffraction of beam path and reflective mirror are produced.

Reflective mirror also includes injection molding of polymers, but can reflect all preceding to light beam with first time injection in the case, All backward light beams are reflected using second injection simultaneously.Generally, mirror surface includes reflecting light back into the intensive of source A series of optics corner cubes.Corner cube has three reflectings surface mutually in 90 °.From in terms of signal viewpoint, speculum it is total Body direction is quite not added with differentiating, although it can influence intensity level and return to collision light with the at a relatively high degree of accuracy along same paths Beam.

Photoelectric detector may include various types of devices, including photodiode, charge-coupled image sensor (CCD) and complementation Metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) (CMOS) linear array, respectively the perpendicular alignmnet pixel including single arrangement.Detector array type Selection generally include vertically and horizontally to go up the compromise of cost and picture resolution.

Reflective mirror causes being greatly reduced for beam intensity, this can by using back paint reduce or minimize light beam with it is reflective The angle in device face.There is potential reflection efficiency higher, some common cheap coating such as aluminium paint other side without reflectorizing of paint mirror It is more sensitive to angle, but the back side is easily by dirt or condensate pollution.It is silver-plated more effective but more expensive.

Because beam intensity reduction makes height output laser power necessitate caused by retroeflection, this is likely to require and takes spy again Different measure ensures laser intensity level in the eye safety limit.In the exemplary embodiment using one of following special measure or Its combination.The laser beam of intermittent power supply can be used, when opening, intensity level when its eye safety intensity level is powered than its continuation It is higher.In the cost laser diode of batch production, there is wavelength selective.Advantageously, the eye safety level of long wavelength It is higher.For example, when intensity level is about the intensity level of 785nm much larger than visible wavelength, near-infrared wavelength can be used safely about The diode of 980nm.The laser intensity in exposed external beam can also be increased by using uneven beam splitter.In example system In system, return light and the ratio of photodiode or sensor that beam splitter reflects are more than the ratio of the emergent light passed back towards laser Example.When the intensity of photodiode is governing factor, it allows the intensity of exposed external beam to be less than because using uniform point Beam mirror and the intensity that occurs, but need bigger power output laser.When the intensity of photodiode is not governing factor, generally In the case of preferably with uniform beam splitter, the light of its projection and reflection similar quantity.

The instant shut-in that guide beam realizes light beam can be provided by first group of upstream of club light beam.Work as guide beam When being upset by club, it is being enough to catch open laser beam in the short time of club and ball motion.Guide beam may include work( Rate is enough to low to two LED beams or laser spots light beam that allow continuous safety operation.In exemplary arrangement, guide beam with Preceding two club light beams are parallel or nearly parallel arrangement, and are returned by reflective mirror.Put the approximate horizontal equivalent to club banding of light beam The centre position of light beam.Single light sensors go out return signal.Guide beam is not passed through Fresnel Lenses or beam splitter.Can Light beam is directed to using nearly parallel guide beam point to reflective mirror so as to avoid using size to be wanted more than club and ball measuring beam Seek the reflective mirror of size.Nearly parallel guide beam is set to the upstream of club light beam in club measurement zone.Such guide beam As shown in the underscore in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5.In laser spots light beam using the type equipped with built-in photodiode feedback controller When, this photodiode can also be used to provide echo-signal.LED or laser spots light beam can be arranged on above case nose, with phenanthrene The array of alunite ear lens is substantially consistent.Because Fresnel lens is placed on position away from shell edge by the first two club, therefore It will increase the requirement length of sleeve pipe.The use of guide beam further provides for the following two kinds help.It reduces continuous operation The unnecessary heat that club and ball measuring beam are produced, this may cause light distortion in the unnecessary thermal expansion of component and shell Cross-ventilation.It also reduces the usage amount of power, when device is battery-powered, its is most important.

As described above, laser diode emitters are selected according to the standard including following content：Diverging feature, cost and The light beam that the overall safety of sealing device housing exterior is provided and the peak power for meeting safety notice and regulation.Can pass through The characteristics of matching laser mirror, increases laser intensity so as to the light for producing the aperture at vertically and horizontally divergence and collimation lens to match Beam.

Assembling is manufactured as follows to be carried out Electronic Calibration to each device to optimize the degree of accuracy of beam detection.For example, can be In the case of careful control by by the precision target of suitable shape through assembling device the theoretical right value of light beam and record with The difference normalized between the actual pixels reading of detector is calibrated.Then the data related to these differences are supplied to dress The software in processor is put, so as to correct the detection reading of each pixel according to calibration test result.This calibration process will make accurate The general assembly of ball-beam system is down in true property requirement, and increased the overall accuracy of the beam system of complete form.

Alternatively, the present apparatus is also provided with allowing the instrument of user's calibrating installation, if for example, device is suffering damage Or lose accuracy after extension use, then can use above-mentioned instrument.For example, school can be carried out by providing software facility to device It is accurate.When user activates, software facility is allowed by impacting along the target direction of left and right directions with high speed and low parabola By golf (batting of appearance of such as being batted in conventional rod) calibration pixel value of light beam.Can be used be conducive to puncturing it is all The ball seat position of light beam.Can be with correct pixel value in prediction theory and can be by its actual specification pixel reading with detector When comparing, the known symmetric shape of golf provides one under the cooperation of rod batting generally vertically and at the uniform velocity The accurate target known, so as to be calibrated automatically by de-vice processor.Because calibration is only based on high-speed straight-line ball, therefore The ball that there is no need to be treated at accurate orientation or the elevation angle impact carries out calibration test.

Measurement ball velocity

The conventional method for measuring ball velocity is true through reference position during each light beam thereon by trackball first The fixed ball trajectory through light beam.Then ball velocity is calculated by analyzing information.In free flight, the three dimensional symmetry of ball Allow the center reference location of ball.The reference point when first stage of this method includes determining ball by each beam center Highly, and this action time marking.In this stage, the lateral position of reference point is unknown in light beam.In second stage, by Will be with these matching criterias, therefore utilization these fixed reference points height, times in only one trajectory and a kind of speed Mark, the known geometry of light beam and the understanding to the substantially linear uniform motion of golf determine ball in three dimensions The rectilinear direction and speed of flight.Determine calculated value with electronic processors.In the phase III, by estimating and ball free flight Start the starting point that corresponding time marking determines ball velocity.

Various image processing techniques can be used to determine the centre-height of ball and with corresponding when center is through each light beam Time marking, should now describe one of which technology.At each light beam, as ball passes through each light beam, detector array is entered with high speed A series of scannings of row, respectively scan the generation measured value at each pixel of detector array.If light beam is covered, in batting Before, it is each pixel specification scan data by using the calibration value determined between the laser diode closed and open.By normal Rule method smooths authority data.Image definition is improved by increasing the pixel quantity in scan frequency and photodiode, Vice versa.Selecting the major criterion of these variables includes composition cost.In this example system, it has been found that in about 120kHz Frequency down-sweep 16 pixel photodiodes it is satisfactory, its available relatively low unit cost (including handling implement Cost) production.

Each scanning generates one with ball in the related scans time image corresponding to the covering mode of light beam.Can make Ball center is determined by scan data with various image processing methods.For example, processor can be right by best-fit Gaussian curve etc. Curve is claimed to be adapted with the pixel value of each scanning or the scan values of each pixel, this will set specific by along vertical axis or trunnion axis Which more high factor is the resolution ratio of device determine.The center of these curves is found by the differential method, makes best-fit Gauss bent The final symmetrical curve such as line adapts to these centers again.Find the center of final curves again by the differential method, center of curve with Ball center's reference point through beam thickness midpoint is corresponding.Record each light beam time marking corresponding with ball center reference point And vertical height.This technology can make all values collected in the scanning of all detection balls be conducive to finally determining ball center. Fraction top dome Yin Taigao and when cannot be caught by light beam, suitably adjusted.In correct application, the symmetry of e measurement technology For vertical or tilt through the ball of light beam and provides same accurate result.

Ball speed is estimated by the time marking for evaluating the starting point on the separate point of ball and face and free flight Spend the starting point of vector.Time is estimated by the initial hitting time that the time to contact estimation value of ball and face is added to measurement Mark.According to time marking corresponding with the first time significant changes of light beam F3 to B3 picture element signals determine batting it is initial when Between, wherein light beam F3 to B3 is covered in frame ball and resting position by ball.The time of contact of ball and face is close to all normal height The 0.45ms of Er Fu batting, is slightly different its loft angle and speed because of ball-type, condition and club head.

Measure the initial position and hitting time of ball

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, golf is arranged on adjustable shelf or ball is substantially placed on relative to light beam Perfect symmetry position ball seat on.Then the initial rest position of ball, the one of light beam F3 to B3 are measured using light beam F3 to B3 Part is covered by the ball of ground or frame ball position.The pixel that calibration present processor occurs with each possible resting position determined in ball Inaccessible unique pattern.Based on some reasons, this method may be better than using the fixed precision frame relative to light beam.One of them Reason is ball seat or fixed mount setting is flexible or the foldable batting such that it is able to bear club, as using durable rubber in training field Glueballs seat type and as generally occurring, predictable ball seat or fixed mount may because commonly using and there is part deformation or mill Damage.Another reason is to rigidly fix frame to send problematic shock wave to device, or is caused in square stance portable Striking surface or device are moved.

Light beam F3 to B3 is additionally operable to measure accurate hitting time, in the club just reached by upstream club beam detection Afterwards, batting will simultaneously occur with the change first of the output signal of these light beams.The conventional letter measured using pixel value gray scale Number processing mode is used to insert the precise time of initial motion, so as to provide more accurate than the scan frequency of detector array Resolution ratio.

Light beam F3 to B3 is additionally operable to inform whether user's ball is correctly installed or be placed on ball seat.For example, due to being damaged ball The misaligned or match striking surface of seat such as misplaces at the reason, if ball is located at outside the feasible detection range of light beam, can be by proper When visible or audible mode remind user.

Determine club velocity, club direction, club type and face deflection

When being passed through to club head by wherein one club light beam scanning, optimal direct result is seen in beam tilts See the bidimensional sketch figure picture of club head.There is various detections and measurement difficulty, especially club head not in such club head image The difficulty that the orientation range that regular curve shape and Qi Ke are aimed is caused.Although the surface of rod is slightly put down, iron surface is complete It is flat, but it is clearly distinguishable from club head body.Because the curved profile of face and main body is different, therefore can not be Face direction and face deflection are detected in the bidimensional oblique view of profile outline easily.It should be understood that there is Fig. 9 (a) and Fig. 9 Standard ball bar shown in (b), even if club head is located at the clear view in intermediate orientation and heel forward position and toe forward position.Term " in Between orientation " refer to and navigated to equal to dynamic loft angle club with quiet loft angle, the roll angle of club for zero degree, i.e. face and Face leading line horizontal location.More it is difficult to determine whether face deflection view changes away from middle direction. In the case of the toe forward position of iron shown in Figure 10 (a), because the flexibility of club head contour is smaller than the flexibility of rod profile, Therefore face deflection can to a certain extent be distinguished.But, appearing angle will change, club with vertical dynamic loft angle The roll angle of head changes in actually batting, and face deflection is still difficult to determine.In addition, some for iron club head Positioning, for the Long Irons especially with low loft angle, hosel can cover most of forward position.In iron shown in Figure 10 (b) Toe forward position in the case of, because the rear portion of club head and the bottom of hosel are completely covered by visible edge, therefore can not be complete Distinguish face deflection.Similarly, attempting permanent datum as the figure that can directly compare with known club head feature Still encountered difficulties when picture or measurement.

If accurately to measure or determine required motion feature, these need to be overcome difficult.It is tired instant invention overcomes these Difficulty, on the detailed example how to overcome difficulties as shown below.For ease of description, this method is summarized in the way of step.Step The rapid group for being not necessarily intended in chronological order or showing occurs.

Step 1：Club head is scanned at each light beam in six club light beams.

Step 2：Scan data is processed as predetermined related data, is for convenience's sake referred to as related data " key parameter ".

Step 3：Determine the reference point relative to club head using some of them key parameter.Reference point is made by light beam Tracked for club head is in progress, there is provided club head direction and rate curve value.

Step 4：Direction and velocity amplitude are used for specification key parameter.

Step 5：Previously determined ball movement characteristic and normalization and non-normalized club key parameter are used to determine Club type and face deflection.

Step 6：The data that previous steps are obtained and the knowledge on time marking and light beam geometries are used in ball Head improves and determines the value in club direction through light beam and in the moment batted.

Step 7：Using in memory or other faces determined specific to the club type and face direction that determine Position of the heart relative to some key parameters.

Step 8：It is true by previously determined ball information and previous steps by relatively early disclosed method in this specification Fixed club information determines spiral feature.

These steps are now more fully described, arranged shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 with being understood.

Step 1：Club head is scanned at each light beam in club light beam F1, B1, F2, B2, F3 and B3.With similar to previous According to routine preliminary treatment signal, to measure direction of bowl, it includes normalizing and smooths described mode.

Step 2：Scan data is further processed into predetermined key parameter.

In first variant of this step, key parameter includes position and the angle of shaft axle, various relative from other Selected in the measurement of simple definition, the image length and height of ' A ' and ' B ' are such as respectively indicated as in Figure 11 (a) to 12 (b) Degree, and the height for being shown as guiding point on the forward position of ' C '.If using rod and toe light beam iron, key parameter is also wrapped Intersecting for hosel and club head contour is included, it is shown as ' D ' and ' E ' in Figure 11 (a), 11 (b) and 12 (a).If using with Portion's light beam iron, key parameter comprises additionally in the Relative vertical and horizontal level of the minimum point of bending section between the knife back and hosel, It is shown as ' G ' in Figure 12 (b).

In second variant, key parameter includes position and the angle of shaft axle.It also includes club head and hosel institute Have and obtained by processing scanning with part outline profile, profile.Various two grades of measurements are determined according to profile, including is become with first Described in formula be similar to measured value, be optimally adapted to the forward position of toe light beam rod and iron, be suitable to the forward position of heel light beam rod with And it is suitable to the angle of the line at heel light beam iron top knife back edge.

As shown in Figure 12 (a), the root side profile of root light beam iron image does not have visible highest, minimum or benchmark Point.Shaft axle extended line is considered as terminal or datum mark with the intersection point of club lower profile.The intersection point is advantageously located at club head and puts down Face root near side edges.

Shaft shaft angle degree is an especially important measured value, there is two reasons.First reason is that it can be carried out accurately Degree measurement higher.This is because shaft axle includes a straight line limited by shaft edge and hosel edge, and shaft edge It is equal to this air line distance with hosel edge.Shaft axle is also usually closer to vertically, and can pass through during by continuous scanning Greater number of detector pixel.These factors make measurement have high accuracy.Second important reason of the parameter be, shaft The face deflection of shaft angle degree and club, vertical dynamic loft angle, roll angle and ball parallactic angle degree close to or it is directly related.Peace It is in order to ensure enough parts of shaft and hosel pass through associated beam to fill the device.Batted on ball seat to improve, the device May be elevated, so increase the lower region of matrix of light beams, make it consistent with the lower region of club, this catches position enough In the shaft and the necessary part of hosel in matrix of light beams eminence region.

Step 3：Determine the datum mark relative to club head using specific key parameter, carried out when club head is by light beam Follow the trail of.Angle of these key parameters for shaft axle and any convenient mark along shaft axle, such as shaft axle and highest or The corresponding horizontal intersection point of minimum club head test point, or it is corresponding with the midpoint of highest in club head and lowest detection point Horizontal intersection point.The intersection point of generation will be when it passes through every light beam, in the measurement of beam thickness center, so that it is determined that when specific Between mark.When the shaft shaft angle degree of each pair light velocity measurement is with position grouping, they are limited to each pair light beam to F1-B1, F2-B2 With the shaft angle in the three dimensions of F3-B3.Suitable statistical means, such as intersection point of each pair shaft axle and time marking Average, is used as the datum mark and time mark of three-dimensional shaft axle.

Light beam is used to determine in F1- to the position of the datum mark of the tracking at F1-B1, F2-B2 and F3-B3 and time marking The mean direction and speed of the datum mark walked between B1 and F2-B2 and between F2-B2 and F3-B3.These directions and speed May keep constant in this two segment distance, or direction or velocity variations at possible display.When a change occurs, this may be after Continue and gradually occur in this two segment distance, and processor calculates the flat three-dimensional path and speed put by these three Degree distribution map.This allows to estimate club head speed and the direction of motion respectively to every light beam in this six light beams.

When batting occurred before datum mark is by all six light beams, it is desirable to enter in any distance that batting occurs Scanning frequency degree is adjusted, even if in this estimated batting of completion for not occurring at standard.When datum mark redefine be positioned at toe During the position of portion or club root side edges, the adjustment of this speed can be what is avoided, and this depends on which bar light beam after batting It is interrupted.Or, master reference point can be retained, and necessary speed adjustment can be carried out.In the case, club head and Point above it may linearly slow down within the batting duration of 0.45ms, from speed before the batting being basically unchanged to basic Speed after constant batting.Before batting and after batting speed can by calculate bat completely before or after batting completely through light beam Passage club on time of any distinguishable other feature estimate.

Step 4：Club head direction determined by previous step and speed are used to normalize key parameter.When club head is logical Scanned when crossing light beam, the length of device upper-part in the horizontal direction can be reduced, and club head speed increases, and vice versa.It Can also reduce because on any direction of rotation, the angle change of the club head direction of motion is farther from beam angle, otherwise also So.Normalization process corrects these changes using the direction and speed that detect, and the part length in horizontal direction is turned It is changed to their length on consistent reference direction and speed.Generally, this reference direction is chosen as expected or target direction.

Step 5：Normalization and non-normalized key parameter and specific other data availables are used to determine face Deflection and club type.This determination is possible, to mix level of accuracy, is passed through using neutral net type artificial intelligence system The information of potential dual or unnecessary ball mentioned above and club movement characteristic is carried out.This system can receive an unbounded quantity of Input information, and be trained to identification consider all input information and between them correlation result.This is predicted Have the result of more high accuracy level, can be obtained by the way that relation is applied in the direct measurement without potential remaining information.

The input information of neutral net or artificial intelligence system includes known golf information, mainly including direction of bowl Angle and ball speed and selected type and condition.It also includes known club information, is included in every light beam, club direction To the related normalization of selection and non-normalized key parameter under the club velocity in every light beam that previous step determines.Output is pre- Survey is the prediction of club type and face deflection in every light beam or every group of light beam.This network may be by using influence The automatic software program of critical field club head 3-D scanning image is trained, and which saves substantial amounts of actual club head input The cost that field training may relate to.The statistics variations of data theory value may be provided for automated software training input, so that Duplication is expected the numerical value occurred in actually measurement.This allows final job network treatment generation to occur just in actually measurement Normal mistake.

In final job network, club type is included in estimated output.System is also with complete a set of predictable The requirement characteristic of all club types is preprogramed.Automatic club type identification advantageously, for example, makes compared with other method User is manually entered club type or characteristic.It is very convenient for user, when particularly continuously using different clubs；It keeps away User's information input mistake is exempted from；It probably excites user to correct operating system more confidence；And it overcomes The potential problems that user does not know or the relevant information that cannot obtain or operating instruction cause.

Or, as described above, face deflection may be estimated by the empirical method of as described before.

Other method may be also optionally used for determining club type and club type correlation properties.Including following instance：Use Person may directly input the details of related club characteristic；User may be input into club manufacturer and model, and system is used The correlation properties or other available property combinations extracted from memory is preprogramed；When processor is in interactive training system Under system control, and when indicating user to use certain types of club, system may obtain used club type information, The information is also retrievable for the system；The system may assume that user known to certain types of batting system Specific club complete, wherein user daily record preserve in the system memory；Or system may assume that batting with foregoing Batting identical club is completed, wherein batting is defined as similar type, is concurrently stated before death in the shorter intended duration of batting.Ball Bar type may be by using simpler algorithm or artificial intelligence system type prediction, such as based on being input into using key parameter Fuzzy logic system rule.

Step 6：The information that step is obtained before, including the club type on each bar of every six club light beams and face side To, and before step obtain information and to the time mark and beam geometry understanding, for club head pass through six Bar club light beam and data that are perfect and determining club direction and club velocity curve in the moment batted.Before In step, through light beam to carrying out the statistics such as club direction and club velocity average value.Current procedures include club direction, club Speed and the improvement interpolation in impact face direction.

Step 7：Face center of the system identification relative to club head.Therefore, system possesses specific memory letter Breath, these information by face centralizing mapping to specific key parameter, every kind of club type that the system of illustrating can be recognized Face direction.The information is used for the face side using the club type, key parameter having determined and step establishment before Always the face center of square stance is determined.Various key parameters can be used for this technology.In an example, club type Specific recall info is used to recognize the center relative to the club head datum mark for determining, so as to suitably describe the ball of determination Pole face direction.In another example, the specific recall info of club type is used to recognize the length and height relative to determining The horizontal and vertical coordinate of key parameter, suitably describes the face direction of determination again.

Step 8：The striking point on the ball club movement characteristic of determination；Ball movement characteristic after the batting of determination；Relative in face The identified ball and the contact point of face of the heart；Before as described in the disclosure of specification, for determining that various spirals are special Point, including angle spiral and eccentric spiral component.The face of initial instantaneous of batting and the position at face center are in step before It is known in rapid.As previously discussed, known to the data that the position of batting initial instantaneous ball is received by light beam F3-B3.Ball and ball The generation of the initial contact of pole face and the spherical curvilinear surface tangentially of ball known to radius.

Analysis and interactive application

The present invention, as described above, determines direction of bowl, ball speed and the vertically and horizontally total spiral velocity component for producing； The trajectory of all these balls for being enough to the given ball-type of description comprehensively and condition.

When determining these movement characteristics, the method is inherently studied and identification directly results in ball and is transmitted in trajectory upper type Action and cause, in this respect, this method from not include this research in terms of art methods it is different.The institute as before State, this method also measures or determine vertically and horizontally angle spiral component, vertically and horizontally component, the club of eccentric spiral for producing Type and feature, the horizontal and vertical component of face contact point, the club head speed course towards batting, the ball towards batting Head path course, towards batting club face angle course (including vertical dynamic loft angle, horizontal plane oblique angle, roll angle with And the component course of the dynamic spherical position angle of shaft lower region.

Of the invention feature is advantageously provided to be explained or by dress by the direct labor of the information for measuring and determining Putting processor software carries out the ready-made basis of Automatic interpretation analysis batting.The features of the present invention is also advantageously provided in device The ready-made basis of interactive training software is driven during practice with device.

It should be understood that the invention is not restricted to the detail for being only given by example herein, and can be without departing substantially from appended right It is required that carrying out various modifications and changes in the scope of the invention for limiting.

Claims (86)

1. it is a kind of to determine or determine and analyze club and ball in the square stance movement characteristic relevant with specific golf swing Method, wherein carrying out direct measurement when the specific golf swing is performed come ball after determining square stance and/or batting Three-dimensional motion direction, it is characterised in that：

A) movement characteristic includes the spiral feature selected from following characteristics：Angle spiral feature；Angle spiral feature and eccentric spiral feature；

B) spiral feature in angle includes the three-dimensional of angle spiral speed and angle spiral axle；

C) determination of spiral feature need not increase or detect ball surface or inner mark or ball on mark；

D) when the specific golf swing is performed, the three-dimensional of angle spiral axle is by before batting and/or square stance is surveyed The three-dimensional motion direction of the three-dimensional motion direction of the club for measuring and the ball measured after square stance and/or batting determines；

E) by predetermined ball information, rather than the actual ball information used in the specific golf swing, and limit The direct measurement value of the selection of following movement characteristic when performing the specific golf swing surely determines angle spiral speed together： The three-dimensional pole face direction of the three-dimensional motion direction of ball, the fast size of ball, the three-dimensional motion direction of club, club velocity size and club Angle.

2. method according to claim 1, methods described analysis movement characteristic and the reason for point out spiral feature.

3. method according to claim 1, methods described is automatic in the case where not needing technical staff or expert to aid in Spiral feature, club movement characteristic and ball movement characteristic are explained in measurement, determination and analysis.

4. method according to claim 1, wherein by effectively rebuilding before batting and/or the club that measures of square stance is moved The batting event of the ball movement characteristic measured after feature and square stance and/or batting determines spiral feature.

5. method according to claim 1, wherein by combining according to before batted in specifically swinging and/or square stance The potential duplicate message that club movement characteristic and the ball movement characteristic after square stance in specifically swinging and/or batting are measured determines Spiral feature, to create the more accurate or reliable fresh information relevant with spiral feature.

6. method according to claim 5, wherein artificial intelligence device combines movement characteristic.

7. method according to claim 6, wherein the artificial intelligence device includes what is be trained using training input Nerve network system, methods described includes measuring club movement characteristic and square stance and/or the batting of bat preceding and/or square stance Ball movement characteristic afterwards and the training output including spiral feature.

8. method according to claim 1, wherein the ball characteristic value needed for determining spiral feature is based on predetermined mark Quasi- characteristic.

9. method according to claim 8, wherein the characteristic as standard feature is not significantly affected by for determining spiral The measurement of the ball movement characteristic of feature.

10. the method according to any claim in claim 6 or 7, wherein by before batting and/or square stance is measured Club movement characteristic, square stance and/or batting after ball movement characteristic and the combination data of artificial intelligence system determine spiral Feature.

11. methods according to claim 10, wherein determining spiral feature and/or institute also by predetermined ball data State artificial intelligence device and also use predetermined ball data.

12. methods according to claim 10, wherein also by the club movement characteristic that measures, and/or by measuring The further club information and the combination data of artificial intelligence device that club information determines determine spiral feature.

13. methods according to claim 10, wherein being analyzed to swinging.

14. methods according to claim 13, wherein the ball movement characteristic for measuring, and/or the club movement characteristic for measuring, And/or the further club information that is determined by the club information that measures and the combination data of artificial intelligence device be also used for it is described Analysis.

15. methods according to claim 14, wherein predetermined ball data are also used for analysis and swing.

16. methods according to claim 1, wherein by determining not existing or being not considered as and there is eccentric spiral that when uses Spiral feature determines angle spiral component, such as side spin.

17. methods according to claim 16, wherein the club movement characteristic for measuring and the ball movement characteristic for measuring are used for Determine angle spiral speed data, and/or the angle spiral number of axle that occurs during in the absence of eccentric spiral according to, and/or eccentric spiral number According to.

18. method according to claim 6 or 17, wherein also using by artificial intelligence combination ball data and club data Data.

19. methods according to claim 17, wherein can go out during by angle spiral speed data and in the absence of eccentric spiral The existing angle spiral number of axle is according to determination angle spiral component data.

20. methods according to claim 19, wherein by angle spiral speed data, angle spiral component data and eccentric rotation Ball data determine spiral data.

21. methods according to claim 8, wherein also using predetermined ball data.

22. methods according to claim 1, wherein determining angle spiral feature by measured value, measured value includes square stance Or batting after club velocity and pole face direction and under the conditions of given club and ball by testing predetermined definite value.

23. methods according to claim 1, wherein measured after club movement characteristic by being measured before batting and batting Ball movement characteristic and club movement characteristic determine club head quality.

24. methods according to claim 1, wherein the relationship set up through experiment when being direction of bowl angle by variable Determine pole face deflection.

25. methods according to claim 1, wherein determine spiral data by measured value, measured value include square stance or The ball velocity before club velocity vector and square stance or batting after batting.

26. methods according to claim 25, wherein determining angle spiral data by measured value, measured value includes square stance Or batting after club velocity vector, square stance or batting before ball velocity and batting before pole face direction.

27. methods according to claim 25, wherein determining eccentric spiral data by measured value, measured value includes batting When or batting after club velocity vector, square stance or batting before ball velocity and the batter's box on pole face.

28. methods according to claim 1, wherein by high speed video system, radar sensing system or beam broken system Unified test amount club movement characteristic and/or ball movement characteristic.

29. methods according to claim 1, wherein three-dimensional at a high speed from different perspectives catch club and/or ball image.

30. methods according to claim 29, wherein measurement or determination shaft angle, and shaft angle is used as determination club The important of movement characteristic is measured.

31. methods according to claim 28, wherein by beam broken systematic survey or determining club movement characteristic, institute State selected works of the system including following characteristics：

A) some light beams are placed on swing path；

B) at least three club measuring beams；

If c) accuracy is critically important, at least four club measuring beams；

D) club measuring beam is arranged at different angles.

32. methods according to claim 29, wherein by beam broken systematic survey or determine ball movement characteristic, it is described System includes the selected works of following characteristics：

A) some light beams are placed on alley；

B) at least two ball measuring beams；

If c) accuracy is critically important, at least four ball measuring beams；

If d) accuracy is critically important and ball striking face oblique angle is dramatically different, at least six ball measuring beams；

E) ball measuring beam is arranged at different angles.

33. methods according to claim 28, wherein by beam broken systematic survey or determine club movement characteristic and/ Or ball movement characteristic, selected works of the system including following characteristics：

A) detection change when light beam is occluded or is partially obstructed；

B) light beam is straight, and thickness is much smaller than its width；

C) beam level collimation；

D) intensity near beam edge increases, and the intensity near beam center is reduced；

E) light beam is returned along same paths by retroeflection；

F) light beam is separated by beam splitter；

G) light beam is laser beam, is transmitted by the laser lens for changing light beam, so that its horizontal and vertical divergence and collimation Aperture matching on lens.

34. methods according to claim 28, wherein by beam broken systematic survey or determine club movement characteristic, its Middle light beam is laser beam and meeting retroeflection, and/or is transmitted and reflected by beam splitter, and is sensed by sensor device, described System includes the selected works of following characteristics：

A) generation light beam and by light beam be placed in infrared waves strong point or near；

B) by uneven beam splitter separate light beam, with transmission or reflection return laser return light ratio compared with, it is described not The large percentage of the sensor device return light of uniform beam splitter reflection or transmission；

C) when club and ball are in the range of light beam area, discontinuous generation light beam is connected by moment, club and ball be not or not light beam area In the range of when, discontinuous generation light beam is closed by moment.

When 35. methods according to claim 34, wherein club are interrupted or trigger guide beam, the switching of light beam moment, institute State selected works of the system including following characteristics：

A) guide beam is placed on the swing path that club is initially entered in the region of light beam；

B) guide beam be placed in club interrupt club measuring beam before by club interrupt swing path on；

C) guide beam of generation is point light beam；

D) detect that guide beam changes by single-sensor；

E) guide beam of the generation intensity in eye-safe horizontal extent, to operate continuously；

F) two guide beams are set, and a guide beam is parallel or almost parallel with a first club measuring beam, another Bar guide beam is parallel or almost parallel with another the first club measuring beam.

36. methods according to claim 28, wherein by detect batting forward part block ball light beam measure of the change and/ Or monitoring ball position.

37. methods according to claim 36, wherein changing detection hitting time by blocking the light beam of ball, can also pass through Interpolated signal gray level increases resolution ratio accuracy.

38. methods according to claim 28, wherein by the known exact position of measurement or motion or object and correction survey The difference and given value between must be worth in the systems soft ware internal calibration measured value relevant with club movement characteristic and ball movement characteristic.

39. methods according to claim 28, wherein by measuring through light beam and substantially on straight line constant motion Ball is hit in the systems soft ware internal calibration measured value relevant with club movement characteristic and ball movement characteristic.

40. methods according to claim 28, comprise the following steps：

A) club measured value is taken from club measuring beam, and is processed into related club data；

B) club data are used for the club location parameter for determining at club measuring beam, and for determining club velocity and direction；

C) club velocity and bearing data are used for specification club data；

D) club velocity, club direction, club data and specification club data are used to determine club type and pole face deflection, ball Bar type and pole face deflection and club type be stored in or other available informations together with for determining the batter's box on pole face；

E) ball measured value is taken from ball measuring beam and for determining the ball position parameter at ball measuring beam, the ball measured value For determining ball speed and direction；

F) the club data and ball data for determining in abovementioned steps are used to determine spiral feature.

41. methods according to claim 28, wherein artificial intelligence device determine that artificial intelligence device's input includes and survey Club movement characteristic relevant data when club type, the artificial intelligence device is using a large amount of club movement characteristics instruction Practice input and the training output of corresponding club type is trained.

42. methods according to claim 24, the relationship is second order polynomial.

43. methods according to claim 41, the artificial intelligence device is nerve network system.

A kind of 44. dresses for determining or determining and analyze club and the ball square stance movement characteristic relevant with specific golf swing Put, described device includes ball measurement apparatus and processor device, the ball measurement apparatus can be used to perform the specific Gao Er When husband's ball swings direct measurement square stance and/or batting after ball movement characteristic, the three-dimensional of ball can be determined by ball movement characteristic The direction of motion, described device is characterised by：

A) device can be used to determine the movement characteristic relevant with specifically swinging that the movement characteristic includes the rotation selected from following characteristics Ball feature：Angle spiral feature；Angle spiral feature and eccentric spiral feature；

B) described device can be used to determine angle spiral feature that the angle spiral feature includes the three of angle spiral speed and angle spiral axle Dimension direction；

C) described device can be used to determine spiral feature, it is not necessary to the mark on the surface or inner mark or ball of increase or detection ball Note；

D) described device also include can be used for before batting and/or square stance measurement club three-dimensional motion direction club measurement Device；Ball measurement apparatus can be used to after square stance and/or batting measure the three-dimensional motion direction of ball；The processor can be used for Determined by the three-dimensional motion direction of the club and the three-dimensional motion direction of ball when the specific golf swing is performed The three-dimensional of angle spiral axle；

E) processor device can be used for by the predetermined available ball information of the processor device, rather than specific The actual ball information used in golf swing, and be related to when performing the specific golf swing measured directly following The selection of feature determines angle spiral speed together：The three-dimensional motion direction of ball, the three-dimensional motion direction of club, the three-dimensional motion of ball Club velocity size, the ball measurement apparatus when direction, the club measurement apparatus can be used to measure club velocity can be used for Ball speed size and the processor device during measurement ball speed can be used to be surveyed by the club measurement apparatus and ball measurement apparatus The movement characteristic for obtaining determines three-dimensional pole face deflection during three-dimensional surface deflection.

45. devices according to claim 44, wherein the processor device can be used to analyze movement characteristic and point out rotation The reason for ball feature.

46. device according to claim 44 or 45, wherein the club measurement apparatus, ball measurement apparatus and processing unit Can in the case where not needing technical staff or expert to aid in for measure, determine and analyze or explains spiral feature, club is transported Dynamic feature and ball movement characteristic.

47. devices according to claim 44, wherein the processor device can be used for by effectively rebuild batting before and/ Or the batting event of the ball movement characteristic measured after the club movement characteristic that measures of square stance and square stance and/or batting determines rotation Ball feature.

48. devices according to claim 44, wherein the processor device can be used to specifically be swung by with reference to basis Before middle batting and/or square stance club movement characteristic and specifically swing middle square stance and/or batting after ball movement characteristic survey The potential duplicate message for obtaining determines spiral feature, to create the more accurate or reliable fresh information relevant with spiral feature.

49. devices according to claim 48, described device includes can be used for movement character combined artificial intelligence device.

50. devices according to claim 49, wherein the artificial intelligence device includes being trained using training input Nerve network system, described device include measurement batting before and/or square stance club movement characteristic and square stance and/or hit Ball movement characteristic after ball and the training output including spiral feature.

51. devices according to claim 44, wherein the processor device may be used according to predetermined mark Quasi- characteristic determine spiral feature needed for ball characteristic value.

52. devices according to claim 51, wherein the characteristic as standard feature is not significantly affected by for determining to revolve The measurement of the ball movement characteristic of ball feature.

53. device according to any claim in claim 49 or 50, wherein the processor device can be used to lead to The ball movement characteristic and artificial intelligence crossed after club movement characteristic, square stance and/or batting that preceding and/or square stance of batting is measured The combination data of device determine spiral feature.

54. devices according to claim 49, wherein the processor device can be used for by predetermined ball data Determine that spiral feature and/or the artificial intelligence device also use predetermined ball data.

55. devices according to claim 54, wherein the club that the processor device can be used for by measuring moves spy Point, and/or the further club information determined by the club information for measuring and the combination data of artificial intelligence device determine rotation Ball feature.

56. devices according to claim 54, wherein the processor device can be used for analysis swinging.

57. devices according to claim 56, wherein the processor device can also be used for using survey when analysis swings The ball movement characteristic for obtaining, and/or the club movement characteristic for measuring, and/or the further ball determined by the club information for measuring Bar information and the combination data of artificial intelligence device.

58. devices according to claim 53, wherein the processor device can also be used for when analysis swings using pre- The ball data for first determining.

59. devices according to claim 44, wherein the processor device can be used for by determining in the absence of or not recognizing The spiral feature used when being in the presence of eccentric spiral determines angle spiral component, such as side spin.

60. devices according to claim 59, wherein the club that the processor device can be used for by measuring moves spy The angle spiral axle that point and the ball movement characteristic that measures determine angle spiral speed data, and/or occur during in the absence of eccentric spiral Data, and/or eccentric spiral data.

61. device according to any claim in claim 49 and 60, wherein the processor device can also be used for It is determined that in use the data by artificial intelligence combination ball data and club data.

62. devices according to claim 61, wherein the processor device can be used for by angle spiral speed data and The angle spiral number of axle occurred during in the absence of eccentric spiral is according to determination angle spiral component data.

63. devices according to claim 62, wherein the processor device can be used for by angle spiral speed data, angle Spiral component data and eccentric spiral data determine spiral data.

64. devices according to claim 62, wherein the processor device can be used for it is determined that in using predefine Ball data.

65. devices according to claim 44, wherein the processor device can be used to determine angle spiral by measured value Feature, measured value includes the club velocity after square stance or batting and pole face direction and passes through under the conditions of given club and ball Test predetermined definite value.

66. devices according to claim 44, wherein the processor device can be used for the club by being measured before batting The ball movement characteristic and club movement characteristic measured after movement characteristic and batting determine club head quality.

67. devices according to claim 44, wherein the processor device can be used for by variable be direction of bowl angle when The relationship set up through experiment determines pole face deflection.

68. devices according to claim 44, wherein the processor device can be used to determine spiral number by measured value According to measured value includes the ball velocity before club velocity vector and square stance or batting after square stance or batting.

69. devices according to claim 68, wherein the processor device can be used to determine angle spiral by measured value Data, measured value includes ball velocity and batting before the club velocity vector after square stance or batting, square stance or batting Preceding pole face direction.

70. devices according to claim 68, wherein the processor device can be used to determine eccentric rotation by measured value Ball data, measured value includes ball velocity and bar before the club velocity vector after square stance or batting, square stance or batting Batter's box on face.

71. devices according to claim 44, wherein the ball measurement apparatus and/or the club measurement apparatus include height Fast camera system, radar sensing system or beam broken system.

72. devices according to claim 44, described device can be used for from different perspectives at a high speed it is three-dimensional catch club and/or Ball image.

73. device according to claim 72, wherein the club measurement apparatus and/or processing unit can be used for measure or Determine shaft angle, and shaft angle is used as to determine that the important of club movement characteristic is measured.

74. device according to claim 73, wherein the club measurement apparatus include beam broken system, the light beam Interruption system includes can be used to perform the light-beam generator and detection means of following task selected works：

A) some light beams are placed on swing path；

B) at least three club measuring beams are placed on swing path；

If c) accuracy is critically important, at least four club measuring beams are placed on swing path；

D) club measuring beam is placed in different angles.

75. device according to claim 72, wherein the ball measurement apparatus include beam broken system, in the light beam Disconnected system includes can be used to perform the light-beam generator and detection means of following task selected works：

A) some light beams are placed on alley；

B) at least two ball measuring beams are placed on alley；

If c) accuracy is critically important, at least four ball measuring beams are placed on alley；

If d) accuracy is critically important and ball striking face oblique angle is dramatically different, at least six ball measuring beams are placed in alley On；

E) ball measuring beam is placed in different angles.

76. device according to claim 75, wherein the ball measurement apparatus and/or club measurement apparatus are including in light beam Disconnected system, the beam broken system includes can be used to perform the light-beam generator and detection means of following task selected works：

A) detection change when light beam is occluded or is partially obstructed；

B) light beam of the straight and thickness much smaller than its width is generated；

C) light beam that level is collimated is generated by collimation lens；

D) light beam that generation adjacent edges intensity increases and immediate vicinity intensity is reduced；

E) by retroreflector device along same paths Returning beam；

F) light beam is separated by beam splitting lens device；

G) laser lens of modification laser beam are included, so that the aperture on its horizontal and vertical divergence and collimation lens Match somebody with somebody.

77. device according to claim 76, wherein the club measurement apparatus include beam broken system, the light beam Interruption system include can be used to performing following task or movable selected works laser beam generating means and including sensor device, return The detection means of mapper arrangement and/or beam splitting lens device：

A) generation light beam and by light beam be placed in infrared waves strong point or near；

B) by uneven beam splitter separate light beam, with transmission or reflection return laser return light ratio compared with, it is described not The large percentage of the sensor device return light of uniform beam splitter reflection or transmission；

C) when club and ball are in the range of light beam area, discontinuous generation light beam is connected by moment, club and ball be not or not light beam area In the range of when, discontinuous generation light beam is closed by moment.

78. device according to claim 77, wherein light beam moment switch, and wherein described device can be used to perform following appointing Business or movable selected works：

A) one or more guide beam is placed on the swing path that club is initially entered in the region of light beam；

B) be directed to light beam be placed in club interrupt club measuring beam before by club interrupt swing path on；

C) generation includes the guide beam of some light beams；

D) detect that guide beam changes by single-sensor；

E) guide beam of the generation intensity in eye-safe horizontal extent, to operate continuously；

F) two guide beams are set, and a guide beam is parallel or almost parallel with a first club measuring beam, another Bar guide beam is parallel or almost parallel with another the first club measuring beam.

79. device according to claim 78, is provided with being blocked in batting forward part the light beam of ball, the thus treatment Device device can be used for by the ball before the light beam measure of the change and/or monitoring batting.

80. device according to claim 79, wherein the processing unit can be used for by detecting that the light beam of blocking ball becomes Change and determine hitting time, it may also be used for interpolated signal gray level, to increase resolution ratio accuracy.

81. device according to claim 80, wherein the processor device can be used for by the known exact position of measurement Or the difference between motion or object and correction measured value and given value is in systems soft ware internal calibration club measurement apparatus and/or ball Measurement apparatus.

82. device according to claim 80, wherein the processor device can be used for by measuring through light beam and big The batting of body constant motion on straight line is in systems soft ware internal calibration club measurement apparatus and/or ball measurement apparatus.

83. devices according to claim 61, described device can be used to perform following steps：

A) club measured value is obtained at club measuring beam, and the club measured value is processed into related club data；

B) determine the club location parameter at club measuring beam using club data, and determine club speed using club data Degree and direction；

C) club velocity and bearing data specification club data are used；

D) determine club type and pole face deflection using club velocity, club direction, club data and specification club data, make With the club type and pole face deflection and club type be stored in or other available informations together with determine on pole face batting Position；

E) ball measured value is obtained at ball measuring beam, the ball position parameter at ball measuring beam is determined, and survey using the ball Value and ball position parameter determination ball speed and direction；

F) spiral feature is determined using the club data and ball data that determine in abovementioned steps.

84. devices according to claim 61, wherein the processor device includes artificial intelligence device, and can be used for really Club type when determining artificial intelligence device's input including the data relevant with the club movement characteristic for measuring, wherein described artificial Intelligent apparatus are trained using a large amount of club movement characteristics training input and the training output of corresponding club type.

85. devices according to claim 67, the relationship is second order polynomial.

86. device according to claim 84, the artificial intelligence device is nerve network system.