CN103346294B - Preparation method of artificial graphite cathode material - Google Patents
Preparation method of artificial graphite cathode material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of an artificial graphite cathode material, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a clad lithium ion battery artificial graphite cathode material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: after reforming the artificial graphite by pulverization, cladding an ultramicropowder cladding material on the artificial graphite in a mechanical fusion machine, roasting, and graphitizing to obtain the artificial graphite cathode material with superior performance. The method is environment-friendly and can easily implement large-scale production; and the specific capacity per gram of the prepared lithium ion battery graphite cathode material exceeds 350 mAh/g, the initial Coulomb efficiency exceeds 94%, the tap density is greater than 1.1 g/cm<3>, and the specific area is less than 2 m<2>/g.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of coated artificial graphite cathode material for lithium ion batteries.
Background technology
Artificial plumbago negative pole material cycle performance and good rate capability, selective good to electrolyte, is applicable to being used as the power lithium batteries such as electric automobile.
Common artificial plumbago negative pole material many employings nodularization system is sold after broken artificial graphite nodularization shaping.Mainly there is following problem in existing automatic spheroidization system: equipment designs mainly for natural flake graphite nodularization, the air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder acc power used is the same, when to artificial plumbago negative pole material nodularization shaping, the air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder chance of equal-wattage causes the particle that nodularization is good again broken, cause sphericity to be destroyed, yield reduces; In addition, in the nodularization later stage, the existing meticulous material of part is recovered, and the material participating in nodularization significantly reduces, and now still adopts high-power air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine to carry out nodularization, can increasing device energy consumption.
Still there is the problems such as specific area is large, gram specific capacity is low, compacted density is low in the artificial plumbago negative pole material through nodularization shaping.For the better artificial plumbago negative pole material of processability, also need to carry out modification to it.Needle coke by the modification such as catalyzed graphitization, coating, is obtained the artificial plumbago negative pole material of better performances by patent CN101924209A; But its raw materials is needle coke, price, and complicated process of preparation.Patent CN1691374A is coated on Delanium surface by after clad material dissolution with solvents, and obtained artificial plumbago negative pole material specific surface is low, and initial coulomb efficiency is high; But introduce a large amount of solvent in preparation process, complex process, large to ambient influnence.Patent CN1649192A mixes with native graphite after hard pitch being crushed to less than 2 μm, and obtained natural graphite negative electrode material initial coulomb efficiency reaches 92%; But it only requires Homogeneous phase mixing in preparation process, cause covered effect to compare liquid phase coating effect slightly poor, and in preparation process, require pitch to be crushed to less than 2 μm, existing micro mist equipment extremely difficulty reaches technological requirement.Therefore, how adopting more reasonably artificial plumbago negative pole material solid phase coating technology, is current industry problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art to provide a kind of preparation method of artificial plumbago negative pole material.The present invention is coated evenly, technique is simple, cost is low, be convenient to large-scale production.
For realizing above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of preparation method of artificial plumbago negative pole material, and its main feature is to comprise the following steps:
(1) graphite granularity being less than 4mm is broken, and by its nodularization, after nodularization, graphite microparticles meso-position radius is 15 ~ 22 μm, and specific area is less than 7m
2/ g, tap density is greater than 0.85g/cm
3;
(2) clad material asphalt powder is broken to meso-position radius 3 ~ 5 μm;
(3) graphite microparticles 80 ~ 95 weight portion of step (1) is taken, step (2) pitch micro mist 5 ~ 20 weight portion, be placed in cone-type mixer and slightly mix blowing after at least 10 minutes, again the material after slightly mixed is placed in mechanical fusion machine, start mechanical fusion machine afterwards, merge 15 ~ 60min with the rotating speed of 500r/min ~ 1000r/min, make pitch-coating at graphite surface, subsequently blowing;
(4) step (3) is coated with in the graphite composite powder loading graphite crucible of pitch, be placed in ring-form calcining furnace and carry out roasting, roasting maximum temperature is 1000 DEG C ~ 1400 DEG C, is incubated 10 ~ 30 hours at the maximum temperature;
(5) graphite composite powder after the roasting of step (4) is loaded graphite crucible, carry out graphitization at 2800 DEG C ~ 3200 DEG C, be i.e. obtained graphite cathode material.
The preparation method of described artificial plumbago negative pole material, the graphite described in step (1) is broken is that ultra-high power graphite electrode graphite is broken or ultra high power joint graphite is broken.The professional standard of ultra high power graphite electrode and ultra high power joint is YB/T4090-2000, refers to allow to use current density to be greater than 25A/cm
2graphite electrode.
The preparation method of described artificial plumbago negative pole material, the pitch described in step (2) is high-temperaturebitumen, and its softening point is 100 ~ 140 DEG C, coking value >=55%, toluene insolubles >=30%, ash content≤0.3%; Or mesophase pitch, its softening point is 250 ~ 290 DEG C, coking value >=75%, toluene insolubles >=60%, ash content≤0.5%.
The preparation method of described artificial plumbago negative pole material, nodularization described in step (1) is by its nodularization by multistage continuous balling device, described multistage continuous balling device includes by 2 ~ 8, first of sequential series group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine by which is provided with the negative pressure of grader, pressure limit is that-0.5MPa ~-1MPa ventilation shaft is linked in sequence 2 ~ 8, second group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine and 2 ~ 8, the 3rd group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine, after grader classification, be that the graphite microparticles of 22 μm enters fine particle collection device by meso-position radius, the graphite microparticles being greater than 22 μm enters next stage or next group air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine.
The preparation method of described artificial plumbago negative pole material, described multistage continuous balling device first group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder acc power is 120 ~ 90kw; Second group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder acc power is 90 ~ 70kw; 3rd group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder acc power is 70 ~ 30kw.
Compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages in the present invention:
1. adopt ultra high power graphite electrode broken broken as coated matrix material with superelevation joint graphite, performance is good, and cost is low.
2. adopt the multistage continuous balling system of different capacity, under the prerequisite ensureing nodularization degree, improve yield, reduce energy consumption.
3. the coating equipment of mechanical fusion equipment as negative material of chemical field is introduced.In mechanical fusion equipment, material is constantly squeezed the effect of power and shearing force, and particle surface reaches a kind of mechanical fusion state under the above-mentioned force, thus is coated on micron-sized graphite granule by fine asphalt micro mist, relatively traditional batch mixer, can realize coated more uniformly.
4. roasting process adopts industrial ring-form calcining furnace to carry out, and without the need to protective gas, production capacity is large, and energy consumption is low.
5. preparation method is simple, covered effect good, be convenient to large-scale production.
The present invention by broken artificial graphite after the nodularization of multistage continuous balling system, achieve in mechanical fusion equipment with micronized pitch evenly solid phase coated, graphite negative material of lithium ion battery is obtained again through roasting, graphitization, its gram of specific capacity is more than 350mAh/g, initial coulomb efficiency is more than 94%, and tap density is greater than 1.1g/cm
3, specific area is less than 2m
2/ g.Graphite negative material of lithium ion battery in the present invention, also has the feature that cost is low, be easy to large-scale production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic front view of the multistage continuous balling device of the present invention.
In figure: 1, first the air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine of first group; 2, grader; 3, exhaust ventilation pipeline; 4, first group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder unit (being made up of 2 ~ 8 120 ~ 90kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machines); 5, first the air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine of second group; 6, second group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder unit (being made up of 2 ~ 8 90 ~ 70kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machines); 7, the 3rd group first air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine; 8, the 3rd group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder unit (being made up of 2 ~ 8 70 ~ 30kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machines); 9, fine particle collection device.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described in conjunction with specific embodiments:
Embodiment 1: a kind of preparation method of artificial plumbago negative pole material, comprises the following steps:
(1) graphite granularity being less than 4mm is broken, and by its nodularization, after nodularization, graphite microparticles meso-position radius is 15 ~ 22 μm, and specific area is less than 7m
2/ g, tap density is greater than 0.85g/cm
3;
(2) clad material asphalt powder is broken to meso-position radius 3 ~ 5 μm;
(3) graphite microparticles 80 ~ 95 weight portion of step (1) is taken, step (2) pitch micro mist 5 ~ 20 weight portion, be placed in cone-type mixer and slightly mix blowing after at least 10 minutes, again the material after slightly mixed is placed in mechanical fusion machine, start mechanical fusion machine afterwards, merge 15 ~ 60min with the rotating speed of 500r/min ~ 1000r/min, make pitch-coating at graphite surface, subsequently blowing;
(4) step (3) is coated with in the graphite composite powder loading graphite crucible of pitch, be placed in ring-form calcining furnace and carry out roasting, roasting maximum temperature is 1000 DEG C ~ 1400 DEG C, is incubated 10 ~ 30 hours at the maximum temperature;
(5) graphite composite powder after the roasting of step (4) is loaded graphite crucible, carry out graphitization at 2800 DEG C ~ 3200 DEG C, be i.e. obtained graphite cathode material.
Graphite described in step (1) is broken is that ultra-high power graphite electrode graphite is broken or ultra high power joint graphite is broken.The professional standard of ultra high power graphite electrode and ultra high power joint is YB/T4090-2000, refers to allow to use current density to be greater than 25A/cm
2graphite electrode.
Pitch described in step (2) is high-temperaturebitumen, and its softening point is 100 ~ 140 DEG C, coking value >=55%, toluene insolubles >=30%, ash content≤0.3%; Or mesophase pitch, its softening point is 250 ~ 290 DEG C, coking value >=75%, toluene insolubles >=60%, ash content≤0.5%.
Embodiment 2:
Get the ultra high power graphite electrode broken (FangDa Carbon New Materials Science Co., Ltd) that granularity is less than 4mm, by by 2,120kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine, 4,90kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine, 70kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine 4 nodularization systems be composed in series by its nodularization, artificial graphite microparticles meso-position radius 15 μm after nodularization, specific area is 6.4m
2/ g, tap density 0.88g/cm
3, artificial graphite microparticles 30kg after getting nodularization.Then high-temperaturebitumen (Huanghua Sinocarbon Co., Ltd.) airslide disintegrating mill (Weifang Zheng Yuan powder equipment Co., Ltd) is pulverized, its meso-position radius 4.5 μm, get pitch micro mist 1.5kg after pulverizing.Above-mentioned Delanium micro mist and pitch micro mist are placed in cone-type mixer (Wuxi Qing Xin powder equipment Co., Ltd) and slightly mix blowing after 10 minutes, again the material after slightly mixed is placed in mechanical fusion machine (Wuxi Qing Xin powder equipment Co., Ltd), start mechanical fusion machine afterwards, merge 30min with the rotating speed of 500r/min, make pitch-coating on Delanium surface; Subsequently the Delanium powder being coated with pitch is loaded in graphite crucible, be placed in ring-form calcining furnace and carry out roasting, roasting maximum temperature 1000 DEG C, temperature retention time 30 hours; Finally the Delanium powder after roasting is loaded graphite crucible, carry out graphitization at 2800 DEG C ~ 3200 DEG C, be i.e. obtained artificial plumbago negative pole material.
Embodiment 3:
Get the ultrahigh power graphite joint broken (FangDa Carbon New Materials Science Co., Ltd) that granularity is less than 4mm, by by 4,100kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine, 4,70kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine, 50kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine 4 automatic spheroidization systems be composed in series by its nodularization, artificial graphite microparticles meso-position radius 18 μm after nodularization, specific area is 5.6m
2/ g, tap density 0.90g/cm
3, artificial graphite microparticles 30kg after getting nodularization.Then pulverized by mesophase pitch (FangDa Carbon New Materials Science Co., Ltd) airslide disintegrating mill (Weifang Zheng Yuan powder equipment Co., Ltd), its meso-position radius 3.4 μm, gets pitch micro mist 7.5kg.Above-mentioned Delanium micro mist and pitch micro mist are placed in cone-type mixer (Wuxi Qing Xin powder equipment Co., Ltd) and slightly mix blowing after 10 minutes, again the material after slightly mixed is placed in mechanical fusion machine (Wuxi Qing Xin powder equipment Co., Ltd), start mechanical fusion machine afterwards, merge 60min with the rotating speed of 1000r/min, make pitch-coating on Delanium surface; Subsequently the Delanium powder being coated with pitch is loaded in graphite crucible, be placed in ring-form calcining furnace and carry out roasting, roasting maximum temperature 1400 DEG C, temperature retention time 10 hours; Finally the Delanium powder after roasting is loaded graphite crucible, carry out graphitization at 2800 DEG C ~ 3200 DEG C, be i.e. obtained artificial plumbago negative pole material.
Embodiment 4:
Get the ultrahigh power graphite joint broken (FangDa Carbon New Materials Science Co., Ltd) that granularity is less than 4mm, by by 4,90kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine, 8,70kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine, 30kw air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine 8 automatic spheroidization systems be composed in series by its nodularization, artificial graphite microparticles meso-position radius 22 μm after nodularization, specific area 4.3m
2/ g, tap density 0.95g/cm
3, artificial graphite microparticles 30kg after getting nodularization.Then pulverized by mesophase pitch (FangDa Carbon New Materials Science Co., Ltd) airslide disintegrating mill (Weifang Zheng Yuan powder equipment Co., Ltd), its meso-position radius 3.6 μm, gets pitch micro mist 3.5kg.Above-mentioned Delanium micro mist and pitch micro mist are placed in cone-type mixer (Wuxi Qing Xin powder equipment Co., Ltd) and slightly mix blowing after 10 minutes, again the material after slightly mixed is placed in mechanical fusion machine (Wuxi Qing Xin powder equipment Co., Ltd), start mechanical fusion machine afterwards, merge 15min with the rotating speed of 800r/min, make pitch-coating on Delanium surface; Subsequently the Delanium powder being coated with pitch is loaded in graphite crucible, be placed in ring-form calcining furnace and carry out roasting, roasting maximum temperature 1200 DEG C, temperature retention time 20 hours; Finally the Delanium powder after roasting is loaded graphite crucible, carry out graphitization at 2800 DEG C ~ 3200 DEG C, be i.e. obtained artificial plumbago negative pole material.
Embodiment 5:
Described multistage continuous balling device include by first of sequential series group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine 1 be 2 ~ 8 by which is provided with the negative pressure of grader 2, pressure limit is-0.5MPa ~-1MPa ventilation shaft second group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine 5 that be linked in sequence be 2 ~ 8 and the 3rd group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine 7 is 2 ~ 8, after grader 2 classification, be that the graphite microparticles of 22 μm enters fine particle collection device 9 by meso-position radius, the graphite microparticles being greater than 22 μm enters next stage or next group air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine.
Described multistage continuous balling device first group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine 1 power is 120 ~ 90kw; Second group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine 5 power is 90 ~ 70kw; 3rd group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine 7 power is 70 ~ 30kw.
Experimental example:
The product of embodiment 2 to embodiment 4 is carried out electrochemical property test:
The performance of lithium ion battery negative material in inspection the present invention, adopt half-cell method of testing, be specially: adopt the graphite sample in the present invention, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE containing 6 ~ 7% Kynoar and 2% conductive black, mix, be applied on Copper Foil, the pole piece coated being put into temperature is that 110 DEG C of vacuum drying chamber vacuum drying 4 hours are for subsequent use.Simulated battery is assemblied in the German Braun glove box of applying argon gas and carries out, and electrolyte is 1MLiPF
6+ EC:DEC:DMC=1:1:1(volume ratio), metal lithium sheet is to electrode, and electrochemical property test carries out on blue electronics (CT2001A type) cell tester in Wuhan City, and charging/discharging voltage scope is 0.005 ~ 1.0V, and charge-discharge velocity is 0.1C.
Each embodiment performance parameter is as shown in the table:
These parameters all meets the standard GB/T24533-2009 silicon/carbon/graphite in lithium ion batteries class negative material of lithium ion battery negative material.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a preparation method for artificial plumbago negative pole material, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) graphite granularity being less than 4mm is broken, and by its nodularization, after nodularization, graphite microparticles meso-position radius is 15 ~ 22 μm, and specific area is less than 7m
2/ g, tap density is greater than 0.85g/cm
3;
(2) clad material asphalt powder is broken to meso-position radius 3 ~ 5 μm;
(3) graphite microparticles 80 ~ 95 weight portion of step (1) is taken, step (2) pitch micro mist 5 ~ 20 weight portion, be placed in cone-type mixer and slightly mix blowing after at least 10 minutes, again the material after slightly mixed is placed in mechanical fusion machine, start mechanical fusion machine afterwards, merge 15 ~ 60min with the rotating speed of 500r/min ~ 1000r/min, make pitch-coating at graphite surface, subsequently blowing;
(4) step (3) is coated with in the graphite composite powder loading graphite crucible of pitch, be placed in ring-form calcining furnace and carry out roasting, roasting maximum temperature is 1000 DEG C ~ 1400 DEG C, is incubated 10 ~ 30 hours at the maximum temperature;
(5) graphite composite powder after the roasting of step (4) is loaded graphite crucible, carry out graphitization at 2800 DEG C ~ 3200 DEG C, be i.e. obtained graphite cathode material;
Nodularization described in described step (1) is by its nodularization by multistage continuous balling device, described multistage continuous balling device is made up of three groups of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machines of ventilation shaft sequential series, often organize air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine and include 2 ~ 8 air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machines, each air-flow vortex machine of described three groups of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machines is equipped with grader, the negative pressure pressure limit of grader is-0.5MPa ~-1MPa, after grader classification, be that the graphite microparticles of 22 μm enters fine particle collection device by meso-position radius, the graphite microparticles being greater than 22 μm enters next stage or next group air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder machine, described multistage continuous balling device first group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder acc power is 120 ~ 90kw, second group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder acc power is 90 ~ 70kw, 3rd group of air-flow vortex Ultramicro-powder acc power is 70 ~ 30kw.
2. the preparation method of artificial plumbago negative pole material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the graphite described in step (1) is broken, for ultra-high power graphite electrode graphite is broken or ultra high power joint graphite is broken.
3. the preparation method of artificial plumbago negative pole material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pitch described in step (2) is high-temperaturebitumen, its softening point is 100 ~ 140 DEG C, coking value >=55%, toluene insolubles >=30%, ash content≤0.3%; Or described pitch is mesophase pitch, its softening point is 250 ~ 290 DEG C, coking value >=75%, toluene insolubles >=60%, ash content≤0.5%.
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| CN106505198A (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-15 | 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of graphite negative material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
| KR20170054865A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-18 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Rechargeable lithium battery |
| CN106486653A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2017-03-08 | 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of liquid phase coating modified graphite cathode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106898772A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-06-27 | 雅安乾润锂电池材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of high magnification high-pressure solid graphite cathode material |
| CN108565417B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-09-29 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | Lithium ion battery cathode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN110137449A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-08-16 | 漳州巨铭石墨材料有限公司 | A kind of modified negative electrode material of lithium ion battery and its method of modifying |
| CN110203921A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-09-06 | 广东凯金新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery modified natural graphite |
| CN112390252B (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2024-04-12 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | Carbon impurity-based negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
| CN111960413B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-01-04 | 内蒙古恒胜新能源科技有限公司 | Modification method of natural graphite negative electrode material |
| CN112713264A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-27 | 宁波杉杉新材料科技有限公司 | Artificial graphite negative electrode material, preparation method, application and battery |
| CN113964311A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-01-21 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Graphite negative electrode material and preparation method and application thereof |
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