CN103344351A - Digital heating pipeline monitoring system - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种数字化供热管道监控系统,包括工业控制上位机和多个探测节点。每个探测节点包括多个温度传感器和单片机下位机,其中所述工业控制上位机和每个探测节点均含有一套无线收发电路;其中每个温度传感器用于检测供热管道的温度,并将检测到的温度信号发送给单片机下位机;所述单片机下位机对接收到的温度信号进行预处理,然后将温度数据通过所述无线收发电路发送给所述工业控制上位机;所述工业控制上位机实时接收每个探测节点发来的温度数据,并显示在屏幕的管网图上,同时记录保存每个传感器的温度值和变化值,并且生成探测节点内温度分布图,以及各温度传感器温度变化对比图,从而能够快速、高效地判定出故障点。
A digital heating pipeline monitoring system includes an industrial control host computer and multiple detection nodes. Each detection node includes a plurality of temperature sensors and a single-chip lower computer, wherein the industrial control upper computer and each detection node all contain a set of wireless transceiver circuits; wherein each temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the heating pipeline, and The detected temperature signal is sent to the lower computer of the single-chip microcomputer; the lower computer of the single-chip microcomputer preprocesses the temperature signal received, and then sends the temperature data to the upper computer of industrial control through the wireless transceiver circuit; the upper computer of industrial control The computer receives the temperature data sent by each detection node in real time, and displays it on the pipe network diagram on the screen. At the same time, it records and saves the temperature value and change value of each sensor, and generates a temperature distribution diagram within the detection node, as well as the temperature of each temperature sensor. The change comparison chart can quickly and efficiently determine the fault point.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种管道监控系统,特别是涉及一种利用计算机技术实现的数字化供热管道监控系统。The invention relates to a pipeline monitoring system, in particular to a digital heating pipeline monitoring system realized by computer technology.
背景技术Background technique
管道建设一般深埋地下属于隐蔽工程,又由于承接工程项目的单位分布在各地,工程实施人员流动性较高,人员素质、水平的差异,管道故障难以避免。管道运行中一旦出现故障,又因难以确定故障点,因此耗费的人力、物力成本也将非常可观。Pipeline construction is generally buried deep underground as a concealed project, and because the units undertaking the project are distributed in various places, the project implementation personnel have a high mobility, and the quality and level of personnel are different, so pipeline failures are inevitable. Once a fault occurs during pipeline operation, it is difficult to determine the fault point, so the cost of manpower and material resources will be very considerable.
长输热汽管道运行过程中通常受到来自内、外两个环境的影响,造成管道破损,使得热能损耗。内管破裂主要由输送高温、高压热汽,及管道内应力等联合作用形成;外管腐蚀通常因涂层破坏、失效,以及地下水的酸、碱而产生。近年来随着节能降耗、低碳环保的社会主流要求,集中供气以及管道热气从供暖转向企业生产用气,目前,蒸汽管网气体温度已达到了350℃,压力1.3Mpa,因此内管的焊接处故障频发。During the operation of long-distance hot steam pipelines, they are usually affected by the internal and external environments, resulting in damage to the pipelines and loss of heat energy. The rupture of the inner pipe is mainly caused by the combination of high temperature and high pressure hot steam, and the internal stress of the pipeline; the corrosion of the outer pipe is usually caused by the damage and failure of the coating, as well as the acid and alkali of the groundwater. In recent years, with the mainstream requirements of energy saving, low-carbon and environmental protection, centralized gas supply and pipeline hot gas have shifted from heating to enterprise production gas. At present, the gas temperature of the steam pipe network has reached 350°C and the pressure is 1.3Mpa. Therefore, the inner pipe Welding failures occur frequently.
近年来,随着计算机技术的广泛应用和普及,国内外检测技术都得到了迅猛发展,单层管道检测技术逐渐形成管道内、外壁检测技术(涂层检测、智能检测)两个分支。通常情况下涂层破损、失效处下方的管道同样受到腐蚀,单层管道外检测技术的目的是检测涂层及阴极保护有效性的基础上,通过挖坑检测,达到检测管体腐蚀缺陷的目的,对于目前大多数布局内的管道检测是十分有效的。管道内检测技术主要用于发现管道内外腐蚀、局部变形以及焊缝裂纹等缺陷,也可间接判断涂层的完好性。In recent years, with the wide application and popularization of computer technology, the detection technology at home and abroad has developed rapidly, and the single-layer pipeline detection technology has gradually formed two branches of pipeline inner and outer wall detection technology (coating detection, intelligent detection). Under normal circumstances, the coating is damaged and the pipeline below the failure is also corroded. The purpose of the single-layer pipeline external inspection technology is to detect the corrosion defects of the pipe body by digging pits on the basis of detecting the effectiveness of the coating and cathodic protection. , which is very effective for pipeline detection in most current layouts. In-pipeline inspection technology is mainly used to find defects such as internal and external corrosion, local deformation, and weld cracks in the pipeline, and can also indirectly judge the integrity of the coating.
目前国内外长输气管道腐蚀控制主要发展方向是在外防腐方面,因而管道检测也重点针对因外腐蚀造成的涂层缺陷及外管道缺陷。而双层热气管(参见图1)内管道检测目前没有什么好的办法。At present, the main development direction of corrosion control of long-distance gas pipelines at home and abroad is in the aspect of external anti-corrosion, so pipeline inspection also focuses on coating defects and external pipeline defects caused by external corrosion. However, there is currently no good way to detect the inner pipeline of the double-layer hot gas pipe (see Figure 1).
目前双层内管检测的常用方法主要是通过50米一单元处安装出气口,一旦内管破裂高温蒸汽通过钢护管从出气口喷出,因此可确定故障在50米单元内,通过群众举报或专职人员巡查发现故障单元,再组织人员挖坑检查,一般要开挖三、四处才能找到故障点,而对于挖开和填埋每米工程造价过万元,同时还需要经过多个部门的批准,可谓劳民伤财,耽误的时间,造成的热能流失损耗也相当可观。At present, the common method of double-layer inner pipe detection is to install the air outlet at a unit of 50 meters. Once the inner pipe ruptures, high-temperature steam will be ejected from the air outlet through the steel protective pipe. Therefore, it can be determined that the fault is within the 50-meter unit and reported by the masses. Or full-time personnel inspect and find the faulty unit, and then organize personnel to dig a pit for inspection. Generally, it takes three or four excavations to find the fault point. For the excavation and landfill project, the cost per meter exceeds 10,000 yuan, and it also needs to go through multiple departments. Approval can be said to be a waste of money and time, and the loss of heat loss caused by the delay is also considerable.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种数字化供热管道监控系统。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a digital heating pipeline monitoring system.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案如下:The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows:
一种数字化供热管道监控系统,包括工业控制上位机和多个探测节点,其特征是:每个探测节点包括多个温度传感器和单片机下位机,其中所述工业控制上位机和每个探测节点均含有一套无线收发电路;其中每个温度传感器用于检测供热管道的温度,并将检测到的温度信号发送给单片机下位机;所述单片机下位机接收来自各个所述温度传感器的温度信号,然后对接收到的温度信号进行预处理,接着将处理后得到的温度数据通过所述无线收发电路发送给所述工业控制上位机;所述工业控制上位机实时接收每个探测节点发来的温度数据,并显示在屏幕的管网图上,同时记录保存每个传感器的温度值和变化值,根据该数据生成探测节点内温度分布图,及各温度传感器温度变化对比图。A digital heating pipeline monitoring system, including an industrial control upper computer and a plurality of detection nodes, characterized in that each detection node includes a plurality of temperature sensors and a single-chip lower computer, wherein the industrial control upper computer and each detection node Each contains a set of wireless transceiver circuits; wherein each temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the heating pipeline, and sends the detected temperature signal to the lower computer of the single-chip microcomputer; the lower computer of the single-chip microcomputer receives the temperature signal from each of the temperature sensors , then preprocess the received temperature signal, and then send the processed temperature data to the industrial control host computer through the wireless transceiver circuit; the industrial control host computer receives the data sent by each detection node in real time The temperature data is displayed on the pipe network diagram on the screen, and the temperature value and change value of each sensor are recorded and saved at the same time. According to the data, the temperature distribution diagram in the detection node and the temperature change comparison diagram of each temperature sensor are generated.
根据上述技术方案的监控系统,其中每个探测节点还包括与每个温度传感器相对应的传感器变送器和信号放大与转换电路,所述传感器变送器收集传感器数据并发送给信号放大与转换电路,信号放大与转换电路接收变送器传输过来的温度信号,对接收到的信号进行处理、放大和转换后发送给单片机下位机。According to the monitoring system of the above technical solution, each detection node also includes a sensor transmitter corresponding to each temperature sensor and a signal amplification and conversion circuit, and the sensor transmitter collects sensor data and sends it to the signal amplification and conversion circuit. The circuit, the signal amplification and conversion circuit receives the temperature signal transmitted by the transmitter, processes, amplifies and converts the received signal and sends it to the lower computer of the single-chip microcomputer.
根据上述技术方案的监控系统,其中所述信号放大与转换电路由电桥、低通滤波器、差动放大电路、电压-频率转换电路组成。According to the monitoring system of the technical solution above, the signal amplification and conversion circuit is composed of a bridge, a low-pass filter, a differential amplification circuit, and a voltage-frequency conversion circuit.
根据上述技术方案的监控系统,其中所述无线收发电路工作在ISM频段。According to the monitoring system of the above technical solution, wherein the wireless transceiver circuit works in the ISM frequency band.
根据上述技术方案的监控系统,其中无线收发电路采用NORDIC nRF24E1无线芯片。According to the monitoring system of the above technical solution, the wireless transceiver circuit adopts the NORDIC nRF24E1 wireless chip.
根据上述技术方案的监控系统,其中所述温度传感器为铂热电阻。According to the monitoring system of the above technical solution, wherein the temperature sensor is a platinum thermal resistance.
根据上述技术方案的监控系统,其中所述铂热电阻为PT100。According to the monitoring system of the above technical solution, wherein the platinum thermal resistance is PT100.
根据上述技术方案的监控系统,其中工业控制上位机能根据生成的节点内温度分布图以及各温度传感器温度变化对比图利用温度点分析法确定出管道泄漏点。According to the monitoring system of the above technical solution, the industrial control host computer can use the temperature point analysis method to determine the pipeline leakage point according to the generated temperature distribution map in the node and the temperature change comparison map of each temperature sensor.
本发明的数字化供热管道监控系统是一种利用计算机技术实现采集、处理、存储、管理、查询、分析和描述供热管道的分布,及工作状态的有关数据信息系统。数字化供热管道监控系统具有供热管道信息数据的管理、分布地图、故障分析、图形的可视化、故障数据查询和分析等功能。本系统可以用计算机实现复杂的管道模型,形成操作效率高、判定故障点准,实时监控,是功能强大的多媒体平台产品。The digital heating pipeline monitoring system of the present invention is a data information system that utilizes computer technology to realize collection, processing, storage, management, query, analysis and description of distribution of heating pipelines and working status. The digital heating pipeline monitoring system has the functions of heating pipeline information data management, distribution map, fault analysis, graphic visualization, fault data query and analysis, etc. This system can use computer to realize complex pipeline model, form high operating efficiency, determine fault point accurately, and monitor in real time. It is a powerful multimedia platform product.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是双层热气管构造示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of double-layer hot gas pipe structure;
图2是管道监控系统的系统框图。Figure 2 is a system block diagram of the pipeline monitoring system.
其中各附图标记含义如下:The meanings of the reference signs are as follows:
1:工作钢管1: Working steel pipe
2:无机保温层2: Inorganic insulation layer
3:钢带3: steel belt
4:保护层4: protective layer
5:钢套管5: Steel casing
6:防腐层6: anti-corrosion layer
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图2所示。该管道监控系统包括工业控制上位机和多个探测节点。工业控制上位机和每个探测节点均含一套无线收发电路,具有无线传输数据及转发功能。在供热管道内每间隔一预定距离设置一个探测节点,每个探测节点包括多只温度传感器和用作下位机的单片机。此外,每个探测节点还包括用于进行信号传输与处理的传单器变送器和信号放大与转换电路。本领域技术人员可以根据实际情况来选择各个探测节点之间间距和各个传感器之间的间距,例如可每100米设置一个探测节点,每10米设置一个温度传感器,每节点包含有10~15只温度传感器。as shown in picture 2. The pipeline monitoring system includes an industrial control host computer and multiple detection nodes. The industrial control host computer and each detection node contain a set of wireless transceiver circuits, which have wireless data transmission and forwarding functions. A detection node is arranged every predetermined distance in the heating pipeline, and each detection node includes a plurality of temperature sensors and a single-chip microcomputer used as a lower computer. In addition, each detection node also includes a flyer transmitter and a signal amplification and conversion circuit for signal transmission and processing. Those skilled in the art can select the distance between each detection node and the distance between each sensor according to the actual situation, for example, a detection node can be set every 100 meters, a temperature sensor can be set every 10 meters, and each node contains 10-15 Temperature Sensor.
本系统的温度传感器可以是本领域中各种常用的温度传感器,例如电阻式温度传感器。优选为铂热电阻,例如铂热电阻PT100。铂热电阻是一种精确度高,灵敏度高的传感器,其线性温度阻值优于其他电阻式热传感器,性能稳定,可靠性高,过载能力强。其中铂热电阻PT100的测量范围为0℃~350℃,测量的分辨率为±0.1℃。The temperature sensor of this system may be various commonly used temperature sensors in the field, such as a resistance temperature sensor. Platinum thermal resistance is preferred, such as platinum thermal resistance PT100. Platinum thermal resistance is a sensor with high precision and high sensitivity. Its linear temperature resistance is better than other resistance thermal sensors, with stable performance, high reliability and strong overload capacity. Among them, the measurement range of the platinum thermal resistance PT100 is 0°C to 350°C, and the measurement resolution is ±0.1°C.
温度传感器所测量的温度信号经过传感器变送器和信号放大与转换电路传送给单片机下位机。其中传感器变送器收集传感器数据并发送给信号放大与转换电路,信号放大与转换电路接收变送器传输过来的温度信号,对接收到的信号进行处理、放大和转换后发送给单片机下位机。其中信号放大与转换电路由电桥、低通滤波器、差动放大电路和V-F(电压-频率)转换电路组成。通过电压放大与转换电路可以将传感器测量到的0℃~350℃的温度信号变化转变成为0~100KHz的频率,以便于单片机直接进行温度数值的转换。各个探测节点的单片机将得到的温度数据进行数值转换并通过所述无线收发电路发送到工业控制上位机。The temperature signal measured by the temperature sensor is transmitted to the lower computer of the single-chip microcomputer through the sensor transmitter and the signal amplification and conversion circuit. The sensor transmitter collects sensor data and sends it to the signal amplification and conversion circuit. The signal amplification and conversion circuit receives the temperature signal transmitted by the transmitter, processes, amplifies and converts the received signal and sends it to the lower computer of the single-chip microcomputer. The signal amplification and conversion circuit is composed of a bridge, a low-pass filter, a differential amplifier circuit and a V-F (voltage-frequency) conversion circuit. Through the voltage amplification and conversion circuit, the temperature signal change of 0 ℃ ~ 350 ℃ measured by the sensor can be converted into a frequency of 0 ~ 100KHz, so that the single chip microcomputer can directly convert the temperature value. The single-chip microcomputer of each detection node converts the temperature data obtained and sends it to the industrial control host computer through the wireless transceiver circuit.
另外,为了防止因故障温度过高,给系统带来影响和损坏,本系统使用的信号线路优选为高温信号线,并且安放在气管护套管外侧,同时做好防腐措施。In addition, in order to prevent the system from being affected and damaged due to excessive fault temperature, the signal line used in this system is preferably a high-temperature signal line, and it is placed outside the trachea sheath tube, and anti-corrosion measures are taken at the same time.
随着无线网络的发展应用领域的扩大,工作在ISM(工业、科学和医学)标准的2.4GHz自由免费频段,已成为研究的焦点。例如Wi-Fi、BlueTooth、Zigbee等无线传输协议都是应用在2.4GHz频段上,并以其数据率高、节点分布广等特点广泛的应用于科研、家庭、工业、军事等各个领域。本发明中的无线收发电路模块以NORDIC nRF24E1无线芯片为基础,它是一款带增强型8051内核的无线收发模块,适用于各种无线设备互联的应用场合,工作于ISM频段,有125个频点,能够实现点对点、点对多点的无线通信,同时可采用改频和跳频来避免干扰。该系统已广泛应用于无线环境参数的采集和处理。当然,本发明中的无线收发电路模块也可以采用其它类型的常用无线芯片。With the development of wireless networks and the expansion of application fields, working in the 2.4GHz free frequency band of the ISM (Industry, Science and Medicine) standard has become the focus of research. For example, wireless transmission protocols such as Wi-Fi, BlueTooth, and Zigbee are all applied in the 2.4GHz frequency band, and are widely used in various fields such as scientific research, family, industry, and military due to their high data rate and wide node distribution. The wireless transceiver circuit module in the present invention is based on the NORDIC nRF24E1 wireless chip. It is a wireless transceiver module with an enhanced 8051 core. It is suitable for various wireless device interconnection applications. It works in the ISM frequency band and has 125 frequency bands. It can realize point-to-point and point-to-multipoint wireless communication, and at the same time, frequency changing and frequency hopping can be used to avoid interference. The system has been widely used in the collection and processing of wireless environment parameters. Of course, the wireless transceiver circuit module in the present invention can also use other types of commonly used wireless chips.
本发明中的工业控制上位机的主要作用是:实时的接收下位机探测节点发来的温度数据,并显示在屏幕的管网图上。同时记录保存每个传感器的温度值和变化值,根据该数据生成探测节点内温度分布图,及各温度传感器温度变化对比图,并由此分析推断故障点,打印该探测节点维修位置派工单。The main function of the industrial control upper computer in the present invention is to receive the temperature data from the detection nodes of the lower computer in real time and display it on the pipe network diagram on the screen. At the same time, record and save the temperature value and change value of each sensor, generate a temperature distribution map in the detection node according to the data, and a comparison map of the temperature change of each temperature sensor, and analyze and infer the fault point from this, and print the maintenance position dispatch order of the detection node .
本发明的监控系统采用温度分析法来进行分析推断故障点,具体过程如下:The monitoring system of the present invention adopts the temperature analysis method to analyze and deduce the fault point, and the specific process is as follows:
当管道上某处突然发生泄漏时,在泄漏处保温腔内将产生瞬态温度突升,形成一个高温点。该温度以一定的速度自泄漏点向两端出气口传播,并且以正态分布进行温度衰减,根据分布在保温腔内的温度传感器捕捉到特定的瞬态温度分布的形式就可以进行泄漏检测。根据各温度传感器接收到此温度信号的时间差和温度分布就可以定出泄漏点。When a sudden leak occurs somewhere on the pipeline, a transient temperature rise will occur in the insulation chamber at the leak, forming a high temperature point. The temperature propagates from the leakage point to the air outlets at both ends at a certain speed, and the temperature decays with a normal distribution. The leakage detection can be carried out according to the specific transient temperature distribution captured by the temperature sensors distributed in the insulation chamber. The leakage point can be determined according to the time difference and temperature distribution of each temperature sensor receiving the temperature signal.
以上所述的实施例,只是本发明的优选的具体实施方式的一种,本领域技术人员在本发明技术方案范围内进行的通常变化和替换都应包含在本发明的保护范围内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only one of the preferred specific implementations of the present invention, and ordinary changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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