CN103344323B - Wind turbine generator noise masking method and device based on noise control technique - Google Patents
Wind turbine generator noise masking method and device based on noise control technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind turbine generator noise masking device based on the noise control technique. The wind turbine generator noise masking device comprises a pre-collection unit, a storage unit, a signal collection unit, a processing unit and a sound playing unit. The invention further discloses a wind turbine generator noise masking method based on the noise control technique. The wind turbine generator noise masking method based on the noise control technique comprises the following steps that the pre-collection unit collects natural wind sound samples and wind turbine generator noise samples in resident residences and manufactures narrow-band sound samples with different sound pressure levels and different frequency bands, and the narrow-band sound samples are stored into the storage unit; the signal collection unit records the parameters of wind speed, air humidity, blade positions and the like during operation of the wind turbine generator, and therefore the noise spectrum data of the wind turbine generator are obtained; the processing unit enables the noise spectrum of the wind turbine generator to be compared with natural wind sound spectrum, and the frequency spectrum of sound samples which need to be superposed is calculated; sound samples which need to be superposed are composed by the processing unit with the utilization of the narrow-band sound samples according to the frequency spectrum of the sound samples which need to be superposed, the sound samples which need to be superposed are played through the sound playing unit, and therefore the noise, heard in the resident residences, of the wind turbine generator is made to be similar to wind sound.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to environmental noise abatement and psychologic acoustics field, be specifically related to a kind of Wind turbines masking by noise method based on tone control techniques and device.
Background technology
Along with conventional energy resources is in an emergency and the lifting of human kind sustainable development consciousness, wind energy can the most ripe regenerative resource of outer technology as dewatering, and extensively utilizes in worldwide.But wind energy turbine set can produce noise pollution while utilizing wind energy, brings negative effect to surrounding enviroment.The noise medium and low frequency acoustic energy that wind power generating set (Wind turbines) produces occupies very large proportion.Compared with high frequency sound, decay in all-bottom sound communication process comparatively slow, and resident can be made more worried under identical A sound level.In addition the general 24h of Wind turbines runs without interruption, and when night, ground unrest was lower, is easy to the sleep of interference surrounding resident.The subjectivity worry that Wind turbines noise causes has become a very important environmental problem.Therefore, Wind turbines noise has become restriction wind farm siting and the Wind turbines key factor of arranging on a large scale.
Wind turbines noise mainly comprises noise of equipment (mechanical noise and the construct noise) two large divisions such as blade noise (aerodynamic noise) and engine room inside generator.The noise of equipment of current Wind turbines can be effectively controlled, and how effectively to reduce a great problem that blade noise then remains wind power technology.
Psychologic acoustics research shows, when A sound level is less than 60dB, spectral characteristics of noise more can affect the subjective annoyance response of crowd to noise than sound level.Sound level is lower, but the unbalanced sound of frequency spectrum also may can cause comparatively serious subjectivity worry interference to crowd; On the contrary, identical sound level, even sound level is slightly high, but the sound that frequency spectrum comparatively balances can sound more comfortable.The research of Acoustic landscape aspect shows, under identical sound level, people are often higher than the artificial sound produced to the evaluation of the natural phonations such as sound of the wind, current sound.Therefore, for some more difficult reduction sound level and bothersome man made noise, if can be regulated and controled into the close sound of natural phonation, the subjective worry of its crowd caused will inevitably be reduced.Tone control be exactly such one not to reduce sound level for fundamental purpose, but improve the method for noise subjective feeling by changing other characteristics such as noise source frequency spectrum.
At present, tone control techniques has had a large amount of theories and experimental study basis, and widely applies in Acoustic landscape field, but have not been reported in the application of wind energy turbine set field of noise control.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of Wind turbines masking by noise method based on tone control techniques and device, Wind turbines noise can be reduced and cause the subjectivity of neighbouring resident worried, positive role is played to Construction of Wind Power and the protection of wind energy turbine set ambient sound environment.
Cardinal principle of the present invention is that original Wind turbines noise is carried out spectrum analysis in units of △ T time, and by Wind turbines noise spectrum compared with natural wind frequency spectrum, utilizes sound superposition principle to calculate suitable need superposition sound sample.Describedly need superpose after sound sample superposes with original Wind turbines noise, frequency spectrum is similar to the worried less natural wind audio spectrum of subjectivity, thus reaches and reduce the subjective worried object of Wind turbines noise.
Based on a Wind turbines masking by noise method for tone control techniques, comprise the following steps:
1) data pre-acquired:
Gather nature sound of the wind and set up natural wind audio spectrum database,
Sampling is carried out and synchronous recording wind speed, air humidity and impeller location to Wind turbines noise, sets up Wind turbines noise spectrum data storehouse,
Set up the arrowband sound database generated by the arrowband sound sample of different sound pressure level;
The foundation of natural wind audio spectrum database: first investigate resident residence place near current wind energy turbine set and there is which typical underlying surface (as grassland, beach, island etc.), then some typical resident's Residential environments are selected, the natural sound of the wind of the different wind speed in locality is sampled, as the representative of natural sound of the wind in often kind of underlying surface situation.Finally spectrum analysis is carried out to these sound samples, set up underlying surface-wind speed-natural wind audio spectrum database.
The foundation in group of motors noise spectrum data storehouse: first to select near certain typhoon group of motors typical resident residence place as sampled point, require this sampled point and Wind turbines spacing representative, and around without obviously disturbing sound source.Also same distance can be selected, and around without obviously disturbing the spacious place of sound source as sampled point.Utilize pre-acquired unit to sample to the Wind turbines noise under various wind speed and air humidity conditions, signal gathering unit synchronous recording is the parameter such as wind speed, air humidity and draught fan impeller position at that time.Wind speed, air humidity and impeller location that the parameters distribution requiring the noise sample that gathers corresponding is common.Finally spectrum analysis is carried out to these noise sample, set up wind speed-air humidity-impeller location-Wind turbines noise spectrum data storehouse.Described resident residence place typical case Wind turbines noise database is set up for concrete separate unit Wind turbines, and its data are only applicable to this typhoon group of motors or same model Wind turbines.
Arrowband sound database is made up of the arrowband sound sample of a series of different sound pressure level.Described arrowband sound sample is obtained through band-pass filter by white noise.As preferably, described bandpass filter centre frequency and frequency span are 1/24 octave band centre frequency and frequency span within the scope of 20 ~ 20000Hz.
2) real-time data acquisition analysis:
The wind speed during work of Real-time Collection Wind turbines, air humidity and impeller location, Wind turbines noise spectrum data corresponding with real-time conditions in Wind turbines noise spectrum data storehouse described in acquisition, calculate to obtain the noise spectrum data in next △ T working time of Wind turbines, and the natural wind audio spectrum data adapted to described noise spectrum data are extracted from described natural wind audio spectrum database, according to sound superposition principle, natural wind audio spectrum data and noise spectrum data are subtracted each other the arrowband sound obtaining superposing, then extract arrowband sound corresponding in arrowband sound database and form superposition sound sample,
In the present invention, sound broadcast unit synchronously can play superposition sound in running of wind generating set process, does not therefore carry out spectrum analysis by sound acquisition mode to original Wind turbines noise.△ T time is 0.1 second, persists phenomenon because people's ear exists the sense of hearing, and the sound being less than to 0.1 second the time interval can not pick out obvious interval.
Obtain noise spectrum data in next △ T time of Wind turbines in advance, be the wind speed, air humidity and the impeller location that calculate according to signals such as current wind speed, air humidity and impeller locations in next △ T time, and the Wind turbines noise data called from the typical case's Wind turbines noise database of resident residence accordingly under the same terms is as Wind turbines noise data in next △ T time.
Calculate the arrowband sound of the sound pressure level be added on noise spectrum data different frequency range, described frequency range is 1/24 octave band place frequency range.
The frequency spectrum of superposition sound sample according to sound superposition principle, natural wind audio spectrum and Wind turbines noise spectrum is subtracted each other and obtained, calculate arrowband sound Wind turbines noise sample different frequency range superposing how much intensity just can make Wind turbines noise spectrum and natural wind audio spectrum close
According to the arrowband sound of described sound pressure level, the arrowband sound of corresponding frequency band and sound pressure level in the arrowband sound database described in extraction, and by the superposition sound sample within the scope of 20 ~ 20000Hz described in the phonosynthesis of all arrowbands.
3) superposition sound sample is play:
Be simulating signal by described superposition sound sample conversion, and play by loudspeaker.
After processing unit synthesis need superpose sound sample, this sound sample is carried out D/A conversion and become simulating signal, and play by the loudspeaker of sound broadcast unit.Due to original Wind turbines noise with need superpose sound superpose after frequency spectrum similar to natural wind audio spectrum, the Wind turbines noise that resident place hears will be similar to nature sound of the wind, reduce subjective worried thus.
Present invention also offers a kind of Wind turbines masking by noise device based on tone control techniques, comprising:
Pre-acquired unit, for gathering nature sound of the wind sample and Wind turbines noise sample, and sets up nature sound of the wind database and Wind turbines noise database;
Storage unit, prestores arrowband sound database, and for storing the data that described pre-acquired unit gathers;
Signal gathering unit, for gathering the various live signals in running of wind generating set process;
Processing unit, according to described live signal and the data message extracted in storage unit, generates corresponding superposition sound sample;
Sound broadcast unit, for playing described superposition sound sample.
Pre-acquired unit: for gathering the resident residence place natural sound of the wind sample of typical case and resident residence place typical case Wind turbines noise sample in advance, and building database.Described pre-acquired unit comprises the hardware that sound transducer, front end signal processor, sound card, sound acquisition software and support sound acquisition software run.Described sound transducer, should meet certain quality standard, and as preferably, sound transducer should meet the I type microphone standard of regulation in JJG188-2002 " sound meter ".The effect of described front end signal processor be the signal gathered is amplified, the front-end processing such as range control.The effect of described sound card is that the simulating signal collected by sound transducer converts digital signal to by A/D chip.The most high sampling rate of described A/D chip need reach certain requirement, as preferably, should reach 44.1kHz.Described sound acquisition software requires control, complete sound gatherer process.Described support hardware can be single-chip microcomputer or microcomputer.
Storage unit: for storing the natural sound of the wind database of resident residence place typical case, resident residence place typical case Wind turbines noise database, and arrowband sound database.Described storage unit is for can repeat once-type data storage device, and the data wherein stored can upgrade as required at any time.The described resident residence place natural sound of the wind database of typical case and resident residence place typical case Wind turbines noise database are for set up by pre-acquired unit in advance; Described arrowband sound database is for complete by associated acoustic software development in advance.Described storage unit and processing unit are placed together.
Signal gathering unit: for gathering the various live signals (comprising wind speed, fan blade position etc.) in running of wind generating set process, processing unit data can calculate the real-time noise of Wind turbines accordingly.Described signal gathering unit is made up of anemoscope, psychrometer, impeller location detecting device, is all placed in wind turbine cabin place.Described anemoscope can share with Wind turbines self wind measuring system being located at nacelle top, and wind velocity signal can be converted into digital signal.Described psychrometer is also arranged on outside cabin, and can with digital signal form Output rusults.Described impeller location detecting device detects the current location of impeller by the turned position responding to wheel hub, and with digital signal form Output rusults.
Processing unit: for receiving and call the data of unit, and calculate these data, generates the superposition sound sample that need be added on Wind turbines noise.Described processing unit is the core of whole system, adopts single-chip microcomputer as hardware, and is equipped with native system special software.Described special software can realize all functions required in this method, comprises the reception to other cell datas, transmits and call, and basic acoustics calculates, and synthetic sound sample makes, digital and analogue signals conversion etc.
Sound broadcast unit: the superposition sound sample generated for playback process unit.Described sound broadcast unit is for meeting necessarily required loudspeaker.Described loudspeaker requirements frequency response characteristic does not have obvious distortion within the scope of 20 ~ 20000Hz.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
By the mode of tone control, when not reducing the sound level of Wind turbines noise, the subjectivity reducing Wind turbines noise is worried, reduces Wind turbines noise to the impact of surrounding resident.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is working cell of the present invention block diagram.
Fig. 2 is principle of work block diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
An embodiment below in conjunction with patent of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the inventive system comprises following 5 unit:
(1) pre-acquired unit adopts a microcomputer installing sound acquisition software and supporting sound card as operation and memory device, adopts 1/2 inch of pre-polarizing microphone meeting JJG188-2002 " sound meter " I type microphone standard and ICCP type prime amplifier supporting with it to gather front end as sound.During sampling, microphone terrain clearance is have no occluder within 1.5m, 1m, around without obviously disturbing sound source.
After sampling, the acoustic software such as Artemis or popularity is utilized to carry out spectrum analysis to collection sound sample.For the natural sound of the wind sample of resident residence place typical case, analysis time is set to 3s, and for resident residence place typical case Wind turbines noise sample, analysis time is set to 0.1s.
(2) storage unit adopts erasable formula flash memory as memory device, and flash memory device imports through the software supporting with native system and stores data, then inserts interface and uses.Storage unit and processing unit are placed together, and are furnished with quick interface.
(3) signal gathering unit is equipped with three sensors, is respectively air velocity transducer, air humidity sensor and impeller location sensor.Wherein air velocity transducer directly utilizes Wind turbines self wind measuring system being located at nacelle top; Air humidity sensor is digital transducer, is placed in outside cabin; Impeller location sensor is arranged on wheel hub, is monitored the current location of impeller by the turned position responding to wheel hub.The sensor signal is all real-time to be transmitted to processing unit with digital signal form.
(4) processing unit is the core component of whole system, adopts single-chip microcomputer as hardware, and is equipped with native system special software.Described system-specific software can realize all functions mentioned in this method, comprise the reception to other cell datas, call and transmit, basic acoustics calculating, the making of synthetic sound sample, digital and analogue signals conversion etc.Processing unit is placed in the electrical control district of Wind turbines together with storage unit.
(5) sound broadcast unit adopt frequency response within the scope of 20 ~ 20000Hz without the loudspeaker of obvious distortion as broadcasting sound source.Described loudspeaker is placed in outside wind turbine cabin.
As shown in Figure 2, the specific works process of said apparatus is as follows:
First investigate near current wind energy turbine set and around resident residence, there is which underlying surface (as grassland, beach, island etc.), then often kind of underlying surface is gathered to the natural sound of the wind sample under different wind conditions, and carry out 1/24 octave analysis of spectrum, set up nature sound of the wind database; To select near certain typhoon group of motors typical resident residence place as sampled point, and around without obviously disturbing sound source, pre-acquired unit is utilized to sample to the Wind turbines noise under various wind speed and air humidity conditions, signal gathering unit synchronous recording is the parameter such as wind speed, air humidity and fan blade position at that time, finally spectrum analysis is carried out to these noise sample, set up Wind turbines noise spectrum data storehouse; The acoustic software such as Adobe Audition or Artemis are utilized white noise filter to be made into the arrowband sound Sample Storehouse of 1/24 octave band width of different sound pressure level; Above 3 databases are imported storage unit.Then according to underlying surface situation around resident residence near wind energy turbine set, underlying surface type during nature sound of the wind database in setting storage unit, is called.
After above-mentioned preliminary work completes, system starts commencement of commercial operation.Signal gathering unit is transferred to processing unit after collecting the signals such as real-time wind speed, air humidity, impeller location.Processing unit calls the noise spectrum data of this Wind turbines under respective conditions in storage unit resident residence place typical case Wind turbines noise database, obtains Wind turbines noise 1/24 octave spectrum data in next 0.1s time of this Wind turbines in advance.Processing unit call further storage unit middle finger determine underlying surface situation under natural sound of the wind 1/24 octave spectrum data, according to sound of the wind 1/24 octave spectrum natural in wind speed order from low to high one by one scan base, calculate each 1/24 octave band sound pressure level of nature sound of the wind and the numerical difference of Wind turbines noise 1/24 octave band sound pressure level in next 0.1s time.When the numerical difference of each 1/24 octave band sound pressure level of sound of the wind natural under a certain wind speed and Wind turbines noise 1/24 octave band sound pressure level is all more than or equal to 0, stop scanning, and the difference of each 1/24 octave band sound pressure level of nature sound of the wind and Wind turbines noise 1/24 octave band sound pressure level is calculated according to sound pressure level superposition principle, and call storage unit arrowband sound Sample Storehouse, to each 1/24 octave Frequency Band Selection sound pressure level and the sound pressure level difference immediate arrowband sound calculated, be finally a sound sample by these arrowband phonosynthesis, and carry out D/A conversion, be transferred to sound broadcast unit.
After sound broadcast unit receives the analog electrical signal after D/A conversion, play by the loudspeaker be placed in outside wind turbine cabin.
Now, the wind energy turbine set noise that near wind energy turbine set, resident place hears is superposing of playing sound with sound broadcast unit of former Wind turbines noise, and the sound spectrum after this superposition is similar to natural wind audio spectrum, reduces the subjective worry of resident thus.
Claims (10)
1., based on a Wind turbines masking by noise method for tone control techniques, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) data pre-acquired:
Gather nature sound of the wind and set up natural wind audio spectrum database,
Sampling is carried out and synchronous recording wind speed, air humidity and impeller location to Wind turbines noise, sets up Wind turbines noise spectrum data storehouse,
Set up the arrowband sound database generated by the arrowband sound sample of different sound pressure level;
2) real-time data acquisition analysis:
The wind speed during work of Real-time Collection Wind turbines, air humidity and impeller location, Wind turbines noise spectrum data corresponding with real-time conditions in Wind turbines noise spectrum data storehouse described in acquisition, calculate to obtain the noise spectrum data in next △ T working time of Wind turbines, and the natural wind audio spectrum data adapted to described noise spectrum data are extracted from described natural wind audio spectrum database, according to sound superposition principle, natural wind audio spectrum data and noise spectrum data are subtracted each other the arrowband sound obtaining superposing, then extract arrowband sound corresponding in arrowband sound database and form superposition sound sample,
3) superposition sound sample is play:
Be simulating signal by described superposition sound sample conversion, and play by loudspeaker.
2., as claimed in claim 1 based on the Wind turbines masking by noise method of tone control techniques, it is characterized in that, in step 1) in, described arrowband sound sample is obtained through band-pass filter by white noise.
3., as claimed in claim 2 based on the Wind turbines masking by noise method of tone control techniques, it is characterized in that, described bandpass filter centre frequency and frequency span are 1/24 octave band centre frequency and frequency span within the scope of 20 ~ 20000Hz.
4., as claimed in claim 1 based on the Wind turbines masking by noise method of tone control techniques, it is characterized in that, in step 2) in, △ T time is 0.1 second.
5. as claimed in claim 1 based on the Wind turbines masking by noise method of tone control techniques, it is characterized in that, in step 2) in, calculate the arrowband sound of the sound pressure level be added on noise spectrum data different frequency range, described frequency range is 1/24 octave band place frequency range.
6. as claimed in claim 5 based on the Wind turbines masking by noise method of tone control techniques, it is characterized in that, according to the arrowband sound of described sound pressure level, the arrowband sound of corresponding frequency band and sound pressure level in arrowband sound database described in extraction, and by the superposition sound sample within the scope of 20 ~ 20000Hz described in the phonosynthesis of all arrowbands.
7., based on a Wind turbines masking by noise device for tone control techniques, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Pre-acquired unit, for gathering nature sound of the wind sample and Wind turbines noise sample, and sets up nature sound of the wind database and Wind turbines noise database;
Storage unit, prestores arrowband sound database, and for storing the data that described pre-acquired unit gathers;
Signal gathering unit, for gathering the various live signals in running of wind generating set process;
Processing unit, according to described live signal, Wind turbines noise data corresponding with live signal in Wind turbines noise database described in extraction, calculate to obtain the noise spectrum data in next △ T working time of Wind turbines, and extract from described natural sound of the wind database the natural wind audio spectrum data adapted to described noise spectrum data, according to sound superposition principle, natural wind audio spectrum data and noise spectrum data are subtracted each other the arrowband sound obtaining superposing, then extract arrowband sound corresponding in arrowband sound database and form superposition sound sample;
Sound broadcast unit, for playing described superposition sound sample.
8., as claimed in claim 7 based on the Wind turbines masking by noise device of tone control techniques, it is characterized in that, described pre-acquired unit comprises:
Sound transducer;
Front end signal processor, for amplifying and range control the signal of sound transducer collection;
Sound card, converts the signal through front end signal processor process to digital signal by A/D chip.
9., as claimed in claim 8 based on the Wind turbines masking by noise device of tone control techniques, it is characterized in that, the described the highest sample frequency of A/D chip is 44.1kHz.
10., as claimed in claim 9 based on the Wind turbines masking by noise device of tone control techniques, it is characterized in that, described signal gathering unit comprises anemoscope, psychrometer and impeller location detecting device.
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Cited By (2)
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| EP4310323A1 (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-01-24 | Wobben Properties GmbH | Method for adjusting the noise emissions of a wind turbine |
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| CN104266749B (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2017-08-11 | 重庆市科学技术研究院 | A kind of alternator for vehicle NVH off-line test devices and methods therefors |
| CN105738806B (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2019-02-19 | 北京汉能华科技股份有限公司 | A kind of wind power generating set fault diagnosis system and method |
| CN108461078B (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2020-09-15 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method and device for masking high-frequency noise of motor |
| CN107292020B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2020-05-22 | 浙江大学 | Method for optimizing noise treatment scheme based on sound quality improvement degree |
| US11732691B2 (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2023-08-22 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Wind turbine noise masking |
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| EP4310323A1 (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2024-01-24 | Wobben Properties GmbH | Method for adjusting the noise emissions of a wind turbine |
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