CN103329480B - Redundancy and the system and method for fault transfer are provided - Google Patents
Redundancy and the system and method for fault transfer are provided Download PDFInfo
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- CN103329480B CN103329480B CN201180065706.0A CN201180065706A CN103329480B CN 103329480 B CN103329480 B CN 103329480B CN 201180065706 A CN201180065706 A CN 201180065706A CN 103329480 B CN103329480 B CN 103329480B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
- H04L63/0892—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities by using authentication-authorization-accounting [AAA] servers or protocols
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/14—Session management
- H04L67/142—Managing session states for stateless protocols; Signalling session states; State transitions; Keeping-state mechanisms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/14—Session management
- H04L67/143—Termination or inactivation of sessions, e.g. event-controlled end of session
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/14—Session management
- H04L67/146—Markers for unambiguous identification of a particular session, e.g. session cookie or URL-encoding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/14—Session management
- H04L67/148—Migration or transfer of sessions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/40—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
- H04M15/66—Policy and charging system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/24—Accounting or billing
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- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
- Computer And Data Communications (AREA)
Abstract
Provide and provide redundancy and the system and method for fault transfer for the server for being communicated by authentication protocol.Mirror image is initiated by the Diameter server strengthened when Diameter utility cession starts, this Diameter server provides the renewal of Diameter session continuously to one or more equity Diameter mirror image servers, and therefore keeps the active image of this session.
Description
Technical field
It relates to provide redundancy and fault transfer for the server for being communicated by authentication protocol
(failover) system and method.
Background technology
In network (such as wireless network), it is desirable to distribute Internet resources according to strategy or rule.
These strategies contain the such as network bandwidth, service quality (QoS) and the resource of safety (fire wall).
To some type of content (such as surfing the web), postpone and packet loss may be not significantly affected by
The quality of the content delivered, and effect may be inconspicuous.Yet with being delivered to mobile subscriber
The type of the content of (such as cell phone, personal digital assistant (PDA) and other handheld device)
Become more and more diversified to include voice-over-IP telephone (VoIP), Streaming Media and multiplayer, therefore
The content of these types needs the reliable network with preset parameter to connect.For such content, prolong
Slow and unordered arrival is likely more significantly.
The Web vector graphic rule with management based on strategy carrys out the network behavior of the various aspect of specification.Real
The network executing management based on strategy generally uses agreement to process certification, authorization and accounting (AAA)
Service.Two such agreements be remote authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) and
Diameter.Certification refer to the identity of entity certified and by with user record (such as honeycomb electricity
The mobile subscriber record of words user) process mated.Once identifying subscriber's record, AAA takes
Business device allows for application service and determines whether that user accesses some service (mandate) and remembers
Record the activity (book keeping operation) of this user.One of purposes of book keeping operation is can be to provide the number being suitable for charging form
According to.These agreements can be realized by the one or more servers for providing AAA to service.Diameter
It is next generation protocol, the AAA selected for replacing RADIUS to be used as in next generation cellular network
Method.
Summary of the invention
General introduction
Disclose the system and method for session redundancy in the cluster for providing certificate server.One
In individual embodiment, a kind of system includes: memorizer, may operate to perform storage in which memory
The processor of instruction, use authentication protocol to lead to the Authentication Client on the network of service supplier
The network interface of letter, for carrying out the certification of hold mode for the authen session with described Authentication Client
Module, and the authentication module communicated with described authentication module.Described authentication module is configured to from institute
State authentication module and described Authentication Client receives certification message, by the network of described service supplier
To send described certification message to certification mirror image server, and from the network of described service supplier
Peer server (peer server) pond in select described certification mirror image server, wherein said instruction
May operate to, by authentication protocol message, the identification information of described certification mirror image server is sent to institute
State Authentication Client.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is according to some embodiment, the exemplary wireless data network that uses Diameter interface
Exemplary representation.
Fig. 2 according to some embodiments, have and go to the mirror image of another Diameter server
The signaling diagram of the radio data network of Diameter server.
Diameter server that Fig. 3 according to some embodiment, is designed to perform mirror image and visitor
The flow chart of family end.
Fig. 4 is according to some embodiment, the merit of the Diameter server being designed to execution mirror image
Can block diagram.
Fig. 5-6 shows the network equipment according to some embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Exemplary embodiment
Provide for what the server offer redundancy for being communicated by authentication protocol and fault were shifted and be
System and method.Use authentication protocol strategic server should have safely and reliably channel come for
Transmit the mission critical information relevant to charging, authorize the service by client device requests and with
Mobile device certification is the user authorized by the charge information record being associated.Diameter carries
Supply these functions, but do not provide and can strengthen the mirror image of reliability, fault transfer and redundant ability.
According to various embodiments, shown below is the method for providing these reliabilities to strengthen.
Diameter is certification, the authorization and accounting (AAA) used in communication network and wireless network
Agreement.These networks have various demand, such as, occur on network that during cellular telephone subscribers, certification should
Cellular telephone subscribers, uses recording rules for service to this cellular telephone subscribers charging, Yi Ji
The AAA providing reliable and available in whole network services.Diameter is designed to meet these demands
And it is used for replacing remote authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) agreement, radius protocol
Lack some desired features (such as IP mobility and policy control), and in safety, can expand
Malleability and motility aspect there is also some problems.Owing to initially not envisioning RADIUS for providing base
Service outside this certification, has therefore lacked the many features in these features.Various suppliers are
Extend RADIUS, but this extension may often be such that proprietary and do not describes in detail.
In consideration of it, Diameter is designed to performance more than RADIUS in some respects.
Transmission control protocol (TCP) and SCTP (SCTP) are appointed as transmission by it, replace
UDP (UDP), and by using the Diameter of extended Diameter basic agreement
Application and be extendible by bespoke.Diameter also defines policy protocol, it is allowed to single clothes
Business device processes strategy for many networks and service.
When client needs certification, or other service provided by Diameter identifies suitably clothes
Business device and with this server initiate Diameter request time, occur Diameter mutual.Strengthen
Diameter server automatically initiates mirror image when Diameter utility cession starts, enhancing
Diameter server provides Diameter session more to one or more peer server incessantly
Newly, thus keep the active image of this session.Diameter client knows the ground of Diameter mirror image
Location or domain name.When Diameter server breaks down, it is provided that various methods are used for activating
Diameter mirror image.When provide in a network required intelligent time, can be to joining in client
The method realizing in the case of changing minimum providing is provided.These methods may be provided for quick fault and turn
Move, good autgmentability, and in peer server, have only to little static configuration or need not
Static configuration.
By using domain name system (DNS) SRV to record or NAPTR record, Diameter allows
Automatically peer (peer) is found.These are can to provide service and main frame by DNS Protocol
The DNS record type that title is associated, and be generally used for supporting Session initiation Protocol (SIP)
In system.
DNS SRV record or NAPTR record may serve to storage and shared Diameter equity clothes
Business device information.Therefore Diameter server can automatically find the peer server on network, with
These peer server can be used by it as mirror image afterwards.In certain embodiments, dns server
Can be extended to specifically some Diameter server is appointed as mirror image server.
Diameter client can be by various agreements and Diameter server communication, these agreements
Including datagram protocol (UDP), transmission control protocol (TCP) and SCTP (SCTP).
Diameter allows each software application to use it by specifying application identifier with one group relevant
(AVP) is carried out spread foundation agreement by property value.Each such protocol extension is referred to as Diameter should
With.The example of Diameter application is that Diameter moves IP application, and the expansible certification of Diameter is assisted
View application, and the application of Diameter Session initiation Protocol.Some AVP are also of basic agreement
Point.
Diameter session is that the logic between two Diameter nodes connects, generally at Diameter
Interact between client and Diameter server but it also may interact across multiple connections.
When client contacts Diameter server, it provides the session id generated by client.This session
It is unique with permanent that ID can be defined as globalization.Client and server is in communication further subsequently
During use this session id.
Diameter session by Diameter client to Diameter server or Diameter act on behalf of (as
If fruit needs message to forward) send the authentication request message comprising unique session-id and start.This is recognized
Card request message utilizes for the AVP applied specific to Diameter, thus each application can use
The authentication protocol extension of its own.Diameter server can include authorizing life in its response
Phase (Authorization-Lifetime) AVP.In this case, after the vital stage terminates
Diameter client is authorized again.If Diameter client authorization failure again, then
Diameter server can go distribute (deallocate) or remove (tear down) session.Certain
A little servers can use mandate vital stage AVP to notify Diameter client, is going distribution session
They will wait one section of extra special time before.In the case of there is the most identical semanteme,
Certain server can use session vital stage AVP in conjunction with authorizing vital stage AVP, or uses meeting
Words vital stage AVP replaces mandate vital stage AVP.
The fault of the Diameter client fault of Diameter server (or in some instances)
Original state ID (Origin-State-ID) AVP can be used to detect.This AVP is by sending out of asking
Included by the person of sending.Basic agreement AVP monotonic increase, thus when this AVP does not increases, or when being somebody's turn to do
When AVP surprisingly increases, recipient obtains malfunction warning.When Diameter server receives greatly
When original state ID of original state ID previously received from network node, this Diameter services
Device assume that sender of the message is already at lost condition from previous message, and all previously
Movable session has been terminated.
The fault of Diameter client can also be detected by the expired of multiple intervalometers, these timings
Device by Diameter server in certification vital stage AVP, certification grace period AVP and session vital stage
AVP specifies.Within the time that certain is specified, fail to respond to Diameter server will cause
Diameter server sends STR (session termination) message and Diameter service is distributed in removing
Whole resources of the session at device.
Can fail to respond to ask conventionally to detect Diameter according to Diameter server
The fault of client.By using session timeout AVP, this detection can be promoted.
Session termination request is for sequentially terminating Diameter session.When session termination request is sent
Time, the Diameter server of reception removes all resources just used by this session.These requests are
It is provided to preserve all sessions of state for needing Diameter server.Due to Diameter
Server propagates STR request to each network of relation device, and this STR request is also to passing through only generation
The server that reason accesses notifies that their Terminal Server Client occurs in that fault.
If not having any message exchange in a period of time, then any side in both sides can send and set
Standby supervision asks message, and other side replies with equipment monitor and responds.For both sides this
Mechanism is all available, so that it is determined that other side has occurred in that fault the most.
As specified, Diameter does not include the support shifted for mirror image or automatic fault.
If only two Diameter server, and if the first Diameter server occur in that fault
And stop responding Diameter request, then in some examples, its client can contact the 2nd Diameter
Server checks that this second Diameter server the most just carries out mirror to the first Diameter server
Picture.
There is multiple Diameter server, as being generally directed to macroreticular or service provider network
Situation, each server can process a large amount of client potentially, and the most each client has perhaps
The most therein each by the independent session of Diameter application authorization.May require that each mirroring service
Device responds and meets the mirror request from other Diameter server all.Additionally, at one
In the case of Diameter server breaks down, Diameter client the most clearly mode is come really
Which server in fixed many servers just may carry out mirror image to its session data.
Table 1 below identifies on internet multimedia system (IMS) network based on Diameter
Some interfaces.Identify " from " network node mark in a hurdle can comprise Diameter client
End realizes device, and these Diameter client realize device and identify " going to " on this network
Diameter server in hurdle realizes device communication.These interfaces have been named and by by being permitted
Many 3GPP standard is the clearest and the most definite.
| From | Go to | Interface name |
| S-CSCF | HSS (subscriber database) | Cx |
| S-CSCF | CCF (billing function) | Rf,Ro |
| Application function | HSS | Sh |
| Application function | PCRF [policy control functions] | Rx |
| PCRF | GW[PGW/HSGW] | Gx,Gxa |
| Application function | CCF | Rf |
| PGW | 3GPP AAA | S6b |
| MME | HSS | S6a |
Interface based on Diameter on table 1:IMS network
Fig. 1 shows according to some embodiment, the wireless IMS data network of use Diameter
Network.Fig. 1 includes subscriber equipment (UE) 110, and described UE 110 is by base station (not shown) and nothing
Line access network (not shown) is connected to wireless network, and is connected to strategy and charging enforcement functionalities
(PCEF) 112, policy control and charging rule functions (PCRF) 114, Proxy-Call session control
Function processed (P-CSCF) 116, inquiry-CSCF (I-CSCF) 111, service-exhale
It is conversation control function (S-CSCF) 120, other carrier network 122, interrupts gateway control function
(BGCF) 124, MGCF (MGCF) 126, home subscriber server (HSS)
121 and application server (AS) 130.PCEF 112 can save in such as gateway GPRS service
Point (GGSN), packet data gateway (PDG), grouped data IWF (PDIF), packet
Data serving node/home agent (PDSN/HA) or the network of access service network (ASN) gateway
Device and functionally realizing.In certain embodiments, P-CSCF 116 and policy agent can be same
Realize on the network equipment of sample.Every square dotted line instruction Diameter interface, such as GX/TY,
GQ/RX/TX, CX and Sh interface.In the figure, PCRF 114 and HSS 128 is Diameter
Server, and PCEF 112, P-CSCF116, I-CSCF 118, S-CSCF120 and AS 130 are
Diameter client.
PCEF 112 is positioned at gateway, this gateway can be GGSN, packet data gateway (PDG),
IWF (PDIF), PDSN/HA and/or the access service network gateway (ASN of packet data gateway
GW).PCEF 112 provides server data stream detection and counting and online and offline charging is mutual.
PCEF 112 may be provided for connecting the strategy pressure of access network (IP-CAN) towards Internet protocol.
The stream controlled based on charging is combined by PCRF 114 with policy decision function.PCRF 114 can be to
PCEF 112 provides strategy and charging to control (PCC) rule, and the application on this network equipment
Function (AF) notice flow plane event.Proxy CSCF 116 can serve as subscriber equipment (UE)
First communication center of 110 and forward the sip message in network.P-CSCF 116 generates the detailed of charging
Thin call record, keeps the security association with UE 110, and by application function (AF) come to
PCRF 114 authorizes the service quality (QoS) of bearing resource.P-CSCF 116 may be provided for this locality
Service (such as 411 service and emergency service), lawful intercept and the compression of SIP head portion.
Inquiry (Interrogation)-CSCF 118 can be as first between different operators network
Contact.I-CSCF 118 forwards sip message also by this network, distributes S-CSCF to session,
Generate the detailed call record (CDR) of charging, and provide topology hiding for network.Service-CSCF
120 as SIP registration person and provide IMS user authentication.S-CSCF 120 loads and orders from ownership
The IMS user profiles of the person's of readding server (HSS), it is provided that individual's to individual (P2P) session and individual
To the control of application (P2A) session, and the Service controll of sip application server.S-CSCF 120
Offer address translation is supported, generates charging CDR and lawful intercept.P-CSCF 116、I-CSCF 118
It is all typical Diameter client with S-CSCF 120.
Fig. 2 is the call flow diagram according to some embodiment.Diameter client 202 and first
Diameter server 206 communicates, and the first Diameter server 206 is combining Diameter mirror image
In the case of server 204, the session between Diameter client 202 is carried out mirror image.In step
Rapid 208, Diameter client 202 is by servicing with authentication request message contact the oneth Diameter
The unique session-id used in whole session is initiated Diameter session by device 206, offer.?
Step 210, the first Diameter server 206 sets up (stateful) the Diameter session having state.
In step 212, the first Diameter server 206 sends mirror to Diameter mirror image server 204
As request.Suitably shake hands generation, thus the first Diameter server 206 recognizes Diameter
Mirror image server 204 is the most just performing mirror image.From this moment on, by the first Diameter server
The 206 all Diameter message sending or receiving will be forwarded to Diameter mirror image server 204.
These Diameter message can be come by the Diameter using the extension specified with supplier to combine
Forward, or they can forward by using other agreement or communication means.Desirably when often
After the Diameter message that bar enters arrives, forward this message immediately thus provide and take with Diameter
The synchronization of business device.Diameter mirror image server 204 can respond from the first Diameter server
The further Mirror Info of 206, it is also possible to be not responding to.
In step 214, Diameter server 206 responds initial Diameter request, and this is initial
Diameter request can be that any Diameter made by Diameter client 202 asks message.
Diameter server 206 can include authorizing vital stage AVP or session life in its response
Phase AVP.Diameter server 206 comprises Diameter mirroring service also by sending to client
Session mirror image (Session-Mirrored) AVP of the Hostname of device 204, notifies Diameter
Client 202 current sessions is just mirrored.In certain embodiments, multiple mirror image servers can be by
Selecting, in this case, all selected mirror image servers will be specified in session mirror image AVP.
In certain embodiments, multiple session mirror image AVP can be provided by dns server.At this moment
Need not the concrete response from Diameter client 202.But as shown in the step 216,
If Diameter client 202 (being likely to be in both the buffers) storage receive about it
Designated mirror server, then this Diameter client 202 may only between failover period utilize
This information.In certain embodiments, in periodic holding activity (keep-alive) message or
Incidentally (piggyback) its between Diameter client 202 and Diameter server 206
Period on its flow, Mirror Info can be sent more than once.Take at this stage Diameter mirror image
Business device 204 generally will not directly contact Diameter client 202.
In step 218, Diameter server 206 breaks down, and Diameter mirroring service
Device 204 is waken up and is replacing described Diameter in the active session of Diameter client 202
Server 206.Diameter mirror image server 204 can be noted that or detect that Diameter takes
The fault of business device 206, or can be informed that this fault.In step 220, Diameter client
Hold the fault detecting in normal course of communications at 202.Diameter client 202 accesses subsequently
The information of the appointment Diameter mirror image server about it of step 216 storage, and in step 222
Failover process is initiated by contact Diameter mirror image server 204.This can use specific
Fault Transfer Message accomplish, or it can be by by simply to Diameter server 206
Retransmit the nearest request with same session ID from Diameter client 202, come right
Complete in the case of client software amendment minimum.As the result of mirror image, Diameter mirroring service
Device 204 will be updated to up-to-date, and can respond appropriately to by continuing this session in step 224.
In certain embodiments, Diameter communication can occur across service supplier, such as, exist
Gateway (PGW) on one service supplier and the policy, billing on another service supplier
Between rule functional (PCRF).These can relate to PCRF and PGW across the situation of service supplier
Between cross over the Diameter agent node of Gx interface based on Diameter between them.Generally pin
These actions are made in safety and topology hiding.In one embodiment, mirror image can be by identical
Diameter mirror image server in the network of service supplier or remote service provider
Diameter mirror image server provides.By employ standard Diameter agent capability act on behalf of across
The connection that the existing Diameter across service provider connects, uses remote service provider
Diameter mirror image server is possible.
In some embodiments, it may be possible to substantial amounts of client and Diameter server occur.This
In the case of, some clients can be mirrored onto a subset of Diameter server, and other
Client can be mirrored onto another subset of Diameter server.Owing to being notified of client when it
Master server fault time which mirror image server they should relate to, therefore this is possible.
GL in some embodiments is to provide multiple Diameter mirror images for single client.These
Multiple Diameter mirror images can be by using additional AVP or otherwise extended Diameter
Application protocol, is relayed to Diameter client in the way of identical with aforesaid way.
Noting, explanation above describes the mirror image pattern that granularity is session level.This allow that based on
Each session (and in certain embodiments, based on each client) select different mirror images.?
In the presence of multiple mirror image servers, initially provide initial one group for one group of client session
Mirror image server and availability when being subsequently based on session distribution to provide not to identical client
One group of same mirror image server is possible.
Although this system needs not exist for mirror image that central management facility performs to occur and fault turns
Move, but the centralized mirror image for distributing or provide mirror image server can be used in certain embodiments
Table or coordination facility, thus when client provides or session provides, can be based on various standards
(including mirror image server load and periodic maintenance) selects mirror image.
Fig. 3 depicts according to some embodiments, flow-chart form Diameter mirror image sight.Arrow
302 parts representing the flow chart during original Diameter server activities.Arrow 304 represents
The part of the flow chart during Diameter mirror image server activity.In step 310, Diameter client
End initiates Diameter utility cession.This utility cession can be any application type having state, bag
Include but be not limited to strategy, certification, authorization and accounting application.This Diameter client can be any
The equipment that can be communicated by Diameter, such as data packet services gateway (PGW), strategy
Control rule functional (PCRF) or home subscriber server/mandate, certification and book keeping operation
(HSS/AAA) server.Client produces unique and permanent session id, and this session id exists
This step is sent to Diameter server.
In step 312, as applying initialized result, Diameter session is by based on pre-in peer
Fixed configuration sets up between in client in the cluster and Diameter server.Previously
The session id generated is retained in this server.In step 314, accept the Diameter clothes connected
Business device creates upper and lower for this session combining at software and/or strong existing Diameter module
Literary composition.This Diameter module instruct another Diameter module by cluster other
One or more mirror images being selected for this session in Diameter peer server.Select permissible
Occur based on various standards, include but not limited to: image load, network topology and safety or
Network strategy.This selection can occur in Diameter mirror image selects subprogram or module.Once mirror
As being specified for session, then Diameter server retains in Diameter mirror image data memorizer
This information, this data storage is associated with at least session id (and being likely to and client id).
In step 316, Mirror Info is included in in the response of peer by Diameter server subsequently.
Arriving step 314 subsequently, as arrow 304 reflects, Diameter mirror image server becomes
Movable.Although original Diameter server and Diameter mirror image server are all movable, institute
The Diameter session activation having the session id generated with client to be associated all is passed through network-copy
To this Diameter mirror image server, and said two server is assumed it is to synchronize.Forward
Can be performed at Diameter server by Diameter mirror module with mirroring activity.This Diameter
The Diameter message that mirror image server needs are crossed from this Diameter server reception mirror image, and
The data storage being associated with session id stores these message.This Diameter mirror image server is also
Being not responding to this Diameter any request, these Diameter request possibly be present at from this Diameter
In server, Diameter flow that mirror image is crossed；On the contrary, this Diameter mirror image server
It is passive to remain.Shaking hands between this Diameter server and this Diameter mirror image server can
To use Diameter application or to be realized by other means.If owing to this mirror image becomes
Unavailable or other mirror image server is made available by or for other reasons, Diameter server selects
Select another mirror image, then this Diameter server can be at any time by the list update of mirror image extremely visitor
Family end, this client stores or updates this Mirror Info if necessary.
In step 318, client receives and caches Mirror Info until conversation end.Client is all right
Update and update this Mirror Info when Mirror Info is updated by Diameter server.This can be by visitor
The concrete Diameter mirror image number in the software module of Diameter or this client is realized on the end of family
Make according to storehouse or data storage.In step 320, due to one or more reasons, Diameter
Server fail, these reasons include but not limited to: link failure, software fault, resource limit
System or hardware fault.In step 322, client detects fault by the one or more methods of use,
These methods include but not limited to: link failure detection, protocol error detection, from the mistake of server
Feedback or the error feedback from one or more intermediaries by mistake.Fault can be by concrete fault detect
In software module or Diameter module on the client or Diameter realizes in device
The rule existed detects.
In step 324, after fault being detected, client call Diameter mirror image selects module,
In the Diameter mirror image server that access Diameter mirror image data memorizer and selection prestore
One.This Diameter mirror image selects module can use various heuristic (heuristic) or calculate
Method, includes but not limited to: selection based on priority, Path selection based on weight, based on load
Selection and randomly choose.In step 326, once Diameter mirror image server is chosen, Diameter
Mirror image selection module notes that the Diameter module in client to continue with new Diameter and takes
The session of business device.This continuation can be spontaneous can also be should to require and initiate.This can be simple
Ground is retransmitted by Diameter module and is sent the previous message with same session ID to make.
Fig. 4 is according to some embodiment, the functional block diagram of the Diameter server realizing mirror image.
Diameter server 400 represents the Diameter realizing in hardware or software or their any combination
The physical network nodes of server.This server can be mobile multimedia entity (MME), PCRF,
HSS/AAA or realize Diameter service other network node.Network node 400 comprises multiple
Processor 402 (1)-(n) and memorizer 404.Although this memorizer is shown as a square frame, but
It is that it can be distributed on the multiple memorizeies in server 400.Diameter module is for net
Network node 400 realizes Diameter service, and this includes independence to each independent dialogue
Diameter example session.Each Diameter example session comprises session cache device 414 (1) ... 414
N (), described buffer comprises the information about Diameter session.
If session is by mirror image on the remote server, then the information about any mirror image of session will be by
It is included in session cache device 414.Each Diameter example session 412 performs for this Diameter
The essential service of session.If network node 400 is used as on remote network node (not shown)
The effect of mirror image of Diameter session, then corresponding Diameter example session 412 will not provide
Diameter services；On the contrary, session cache device 414 will comprise and be forwarded to from main Diameter server
It, the complete documentation that communicates for all Diameters of this Diameter session, but network
Node 400 will not make any action.When Diameter session start, or it is it desired to
Diameter mirror image is for the session previously started, then Diameter mirror image selects module 416 to be called
Select mirror image.The list of mirror image can select from image listing 418, and it can use DNS-SRV
Or DNS NAPTR constitutes (populate).
As by shown in arrow 420, Diameter example session 412 (n) can directly and Diameter
Client communication.But it is mirrored on long-range Diameter mirror image server (not shown) in session
In the case of, all communications being sent to this Diameter client are also sent to Diameter mirror image
Module 422, as by shown in arrow 424, Diameter mirror module 422 is to long-range Diameter
Mirror image server forwards communication.When the Diameter of the entrance for the Diameter session being mirrored disappears
When breath is received at arrow 420, these message can be copied into Diameter mirror module 422
(as shown in arrow 420a), the message copying that these are entered by Diameter mirror module 422 is extremely
Remotely Diameter mirror image server (being illustrated by arrow 424 equally).By arrow 420,420a and
424 data paths described, and the data road between example session and Diameter mirror image server
Footpath can realize in certain embodiments as STD bus or switch architecture.
Subscriber equipment and gateway
Above-described subscriber equipment can use multiple access technology to lead to multiple Radio Access Networks
Letter, and can be with wireline communication network communication.Subscriber equipment can be to provide advanced ability (such as literary composition
Word processing, website browsing, game, e-book, operating system and full keyboard) smart phone.With
Family equipment can be at Blackberry, Windows of such as Symbian OS, iPhone OS, RIM
Run in the operating system of Mobile, Linux, Palm WebOS and Android.Display screen can be
The touch screen to mobile device input data can be used for, and this screen can be used to replace full keyboard.
Subscriber equipment can have to run to be applied or leads to the application provided by the server in communication network
The ability of letter.Subscriber equipment these application from this network can receive renewal and out of Memory.
Subscriber equipment also comprises other equipment much, such as can with the TV (TV) of network service,
Projector, Set Top Box or set top unit, digital video recorder (DVR), computer, net book,
Laptop computer and other audio/video devices any.Subscriber equipment can also be at its stack or deposit
Reservoir preserves global positioning coordinates, profile information or other positional information.Subscriber equipment has this
The memorizer of sample, such as computer-readable medium, flash memory, disc driver, CD drive, can
Program read-only memory (PROM) and/or read only memory (ROM) etc..Subscriber equipment can be joined
It is equipped with and processes instruction and run one or more process of the software can being stored in memorizer
Device.Processor can also with memorizer and interface communication thus with miscellaneous equipment communication.Processor is permissible
It is any applicable processor, such as, combines the SOC(system on a chip) of CPU, application processor and flash memory.Connect
Mouth can realize in hardware or in software.Interface can be used to receive automatic network and local source
Data and the information of control, such as, arrive the long-range control of TV.Subscriber equipment may be provided for various user
Interface, such as keyboard, touch screen, trace ball, touch pad and/or mouse.Use in certain embodiments
Family equipment can also include speaker and display device.
The most above-described unloading gateway realizes in a network device.This network equipment
Multiple and different integrated functionalities can be realized.In certain embodiments, in following function
Or multiple can realize on a network device, including security gateway (SEGW), access gateway, gateway
Gateway GPRS supporting node (GGSN) (GGSN), Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN),
Grouped data IWF (PDIF), access service network gateway (ASNGW), user plane are real
Body (UPE), IP gateway, Session initiation Protocol (SIP) server, agent call session control merit
Can (P-CSCF), enquiry call conversation control function (I-CSCF), gateway (SGW) with
And grouped data network gateway (PDN GW), Mobility Management Entity (MME), mobile access
Gateway (MAG), HRPD gateway (HSGW), local mobile anchor (LMA), point
Group data serving node (PDSN), Foreign Agent (FA) and/or home agent (HA).
In certain embodiments, in network equipment, the combination of hardware and software provides function.General firmly
It is one or more that part can be configured to provide in a network in these proprietary features.Gateway is all right
Supporting to be derived from the session of femto base station, use broadband network is connected to this gateway by this base station.Individual
Or company can use femto base station to support one or more mobile node in family or company.
This gateway can provide based on the traffic management during the handover from femto base station to macro base station
Trigger, be simultaneous for mobile node and keep traffic management.Unloading gateway may be implemented as following item
Combination in any, including: xGSN XGW, XGW-SGW and XGW-PGW.
In certain embodiments, network equipment is that the set using integrated circuit board or card realizes.
These cards include the input/output interface for communicating each other, and at least one is used for performing to instruct also
And run the processor storing module in memory, with for storing the memorizer of data.According to
Some embodiments, the function realizing gateway of network equipment will be further described below.Fig. 5 shows
Go out the network equipment implementation according to some embodiments.Network equipment 500 includes should for loading
With the groove 502 of card and line card.Mid-plane (midplane) can be used in this network equipment to carry
Connect and transmission path for the internal network device communication between the card of various installations, power.In this
Between plane can include bus, such as switch architecture 505, control bus 506, System Management Bus,
Redundant bus 508 and time division multiplexing (TDM) bus.Switch architecture 504 be for throughout
The IP-based transmission path of the user data of whole network equipment, this network equipment is by application
Set up intercard communication between card and line card and realize.Control bus 506 to interconnect in this network equipment
Control and management processor.Network equipment management bus provides the management to systemic-function, as provided merit
Rate, monitoring temperature, board state, data path errors, card reset and other failover features.
Redundant bus 508 provides user data and redundant link when hardware fault.TDM bus pin is to system
On voice service provide support.
The application card of network equipment support at least four type: exchange processor I/O card (SPIO)
510, system management card (SMC) 512, packet services card (PSC) 515 and packet accelerator
Card (not shown).Other card being used in this network equipment includes line card 566 and Redundant Crossbar Cards (RCC)
518.When being loaded in a network device, line card 516 provides the input of this network and other device
/ output connects and redundancy link.Line card 516 includes via Ethernet, optical fiber and other communication media
Interface to network.This allows to make by any one from network equipment of Redundant Crossbar Cards 518
Snap into the redundancy link of arbitrarily another card.SPIO card 510 is used as the controller of network equipment, and bears
Duty such as initializes network equipment and software arrangements is loaded into the thing on other card of this network equipment
Business.
System management card (SMC) 512 and switch processor card (not shown) are for managing and controlling
The system of other card in network apparatus processed controls and management card.Packet accelerator card (PAC) and point
Group service card (PSC) 514 provide the packet transaction between other affairs, context processing capabilities and
Transfer capability.PAC and PSC 514 controls processor and network processing unit perform point by using
Group processes operation.Network processing unit determines packet transaction requirement；Receive and send from/go to various
The user data frame of physical interface；Make IP and forward decision；Realize packet filtering, stream inserts, deletion
And amendment；Traffic management and traffic engineering；Revise/add/remove packet header；And manage line
Card port and internal packet transportation.This control processor of also being located in packet accelerator card provide based on
User's service processing of packet.
Operating system software can be based on the tool in Linux software kernel, and operational network device
Body application (as monitored task) also provides protocol stack.This software allows network equipment resource by for control
System and data path are respectively allocated.Such as, some packet accelerator card and packet services card can be special
Door performs route or safety control function, and other packet accelerator card/packet services card special disposal is used
Family session traffic.Along with the change of network requirement, can dynamically dispose hardware in certain embodiments
Resource is to meet requirement.System can be virtualized the multiple example logic supporting service, such as skill
Art function (such as SEGW PGW, SGW, MME, HSGW, PDSN, ASNGW, PDIF,
HA or GGSN).
The software of network equipment can be divided into a series of task in execution concrete function ground.These tasks
Intercommunication as desired, thus Compliance control and data message in whole described network equipment.
Task is carried out the software process of the concrete function relevant to system control or Dialog processing.Real at some
Execute in example, have the task operating of three types in network equipment: mission critical, controller task,
Manager task.Mission critical controls to process the ability of calling (as at the beginning of network equipment with network equipment
Beginningization, error detection and recovery tasks) relevant function.It is soft that controller task is covered from user
The distribution property of part and perform all tasks described as follows: monitor the shape of one or more secondary manager
State, it is provided that the manager intercommunication in same subsystem, and by with belong to other subsystem
One or more controller communications enable subsystem internal communication.Manager task control system resource
And keep the logical mappings between system resource.
The independent task operated on the processor in application card can be divided into subsystem.Subsystem
It is such software element: it or execution specific tasks, or is the summit of other task multiple
(culmination).Single subsystem can include that mission critical, controller task and management are had a high regard for
Business.Some subsystems that can run on a network device include system initiation task subsystem, high
Availability task subsystem, recovers control task subsystem, configuration sharing task subsystem, resource pipe
Reason subsystem, virtual private network Network Subsystem, network processing unit subsystem, card/slot/port subsystem
System and session subsystem.
System initiation task subsystem starts to perform one group of initiating task at system section start, and carries
For single task (if necessary).High availability task subsystem and recovery control task
System works together, thus by monitoring that the various software and hardware assemblies of network equipment keep this net
The mode of operation of network device.Recover control task subsystem responsible for the event occurred in a network device
Barrier performs recovery operation, and receives the recovery action from high availability task subsystem.Process
Task is distributed in multiple examples of parallel running, if so expendable software error occurs,
Then the whole disposal abilities for this task will not be lost.User conversation process can be grouped into meeting again
Words set, if thus in a subgroup occur problem, then the user in another subgroup is not
Can be affected by this problem.
This framework also allows for the inspection of process and points to (check-pointing), and this is a kind of protection system
Resist any critical software process and be likely to occur the mechanism of fault.The selfreparing of software architecture
(self-healing) attribute is by prediction fault and local volume production (spawn) mirrored procedure or across card
System is protected on border, thus seldom or is continuing operation in the case of not having service disruption.This
Unique framework permission system is while having guaranteed the integrity of accounting data, in highest level
Perform and protect the data session of user in elasticity.
Configuration sharing task subsystem provides the network equipment with such ability: this network equipment can
Arrange, retrieve and receive the notice of the configuration parameter change of network equipment, and be responsible for at this net
That runs in network device should be for storing configuration data.Resource Manager Subsystem be responsible for Resources allocation (as
Processor and memory capabilities) to task, and monitor the task use to resource.
The management of the entity that virtual private net (VPN) management subsystem is relevant to VPN and operation side
Face, services including the IP creating the VPN context separated, start in VPN context, manages IP
Pond and subscriber IP address and in VPN context, be distributed IP stream information.In some embodiments
In, in a network device, in concrete VPN context, perform IP operation.Network processing unit
System is responsible for many functions listed above of network processing unit.Card/slot/port subsystem responsible is assisted
Adjust and (on newly inserted card, such as find and configure port with card activity, and determine how line card reflects
It is mapped to application card) generation of relevant event.
In certain embodiments, session subsystem is responsible for the data stream of the mobile subscriber processing and monitoring.
Dialog processing task for mobile data communication includes: such as, the S1/S5/S8 interface of LTE network
Terminal, the A10/A11 interface termination of cdma network, GPRS and/or the GSM of UMTS network
Tunnel protocol (GTP) terminal, async-ppp processes, and IPsec, IP forward and AAA service.
The responsibility of each can be distributed between subtask (referred to as manager), thus provides more efficient place
Reason and bigger redundancy.Separate conversation controller task be used as specification and monitor manager and and its
The integrating control node of its active subsystem communication.This session subsystem also manages special user data
Process, such as payload conversion, filtration, statistical information collection, strategy and scheduling.
In providing emulation, owing to MIPv4 is received from mobile node, session subsystem can be arranged
The terminal of MIPv4 also arranges the PMIPv6 session towards core network.Session manager can follow the trail of meeting
Words mapping and process thus the emulation between network and interaction are provided.Data base can also be used
Carry out map information and store such as NAI, HOA and AE in certain embodiments between sessions
Information.
Network equipment allows system resource by for controlling to be respectively allocated with data path.Such as, at it
During its PAC/PSC special disposal user conversation flow, some PAC/PSC can perform route specially
Or safety control function.Along with growth and the change of call model of network demand, can add hard
Part resource meets the needs of the more process processing power, such as encryption, packet filtering etc..Fig. 6 shows
Go out the logical view of the software architecture of the network equipment according to some embodiment.As it can be seen, this software
Can be distributed in network equipment along different circuit boards, processor and memorizer with hardware.Fig. 6
Including host exchange processor card (SPC)/system management card (SMC) 600a, two grades of SPC/SMC
600b, PAC/PSC 602a 602d, communication path 604 and synchronous path 606.SPC/SMC 600
Including memorizer 608, processor 610, boot configuration 612, high availability task 614, resource pipe
Reason device 616, switch architecture control 618 and controller task 620.
SPC/SMC 600 manages and controls network equipment, including other card in this network equipment.
SPC/SMC 600 can be configured in provides redundancy and the main arrangement of failure safe protection and two grades of arrangements
In.The module run on SPC/SMC 600 or task relate to the wide model of network equipment and control and management.
Boot configuration task 612 includes for starting and the information of test network device.This network equipment also may be used
To be configured to start in a different configuration and provide different implementation.Which these can include
A little functions and service can run on SPC/SMC 600.High availability task 614 is filled by supervision
Put and the effort of managing to resume is to maintain the running status of this network equipment, thus avoid in service
Disconnected.Explorer is followed the trail of for session and demand on this network equipment and distributes available resources.This
Different processor fortune can be included and operate in the load balance between the task on this network equipment.
Process can meet the needs of network model and the requirement of detailed process to be distributed between system.Such as,
Most tasks can be configured on SPC/SMC 600 or PAC/PSC 602 perform, and at some
The task that reason device is concentrated can also perform across multiple PAC/PSC thus utilize multiple cpu resource.
The distribution of these tasks is sightless for user.Switch architecture controls 618 control network equipments
In communication path.Controller task module 620 can manage the task between the resource of network thus
There is provided the service of such as VPN service etc, it is intended that port, create, delete and revise subscriber equipment
Session.
PAC/PSC 602 be for packet transaction and with the various network functions provided on network equipment
Relevant task and the high speed processing card that designs.PAC/PSC 602 includes memorizer 624, network processes
Unit (NPU) 626, processor 628, hardware engine 630, encryption unit 632, compression member
634 and filter element 636.Hardware engine 630 can be deployed with card and support for compressing, classify stream
Amount scheduling, forwarding, packet filtering and the parallel and distributed process of statistics compilation.In some embodiments
In, these parts can provide ratio to use the general processor can more effectively special handling.
Each PAC/PSC 602 can support multiple environment.PAC/PSC 602 can also run various
Task or module.PAC/PSC 602a provides routing manager 622, and each routing manager 622 covers
Cover the route of not same area.PAC/PSC 602b provides session manager 638 and AAA manager 640.
Session manager 638 manages one or more sessions of corresponding one or more subscriber equipment.Session is permitted
Permitted subscriber equipment for audio call words and data and network service.AAA manager 640 manages network
The book keeping operation of middle aaa server, certification and mandate.PAC/PSC 602 provides deep packet to check task
642 and signaling demultplexer (demux) 644.Deep packet check task 642 provide layer 4 it
Outer grouping information inspection uses for network equipment and analyzes.Signaling demultplexer 644 is permissible
The extensibility of service and other block combiner is provided.PAC/PSC 602d is carried by standby task 646
For redundancy.Standby task 646 stores status information and other mission bit stream, if thus card lost efficacy or
If person has the event removing this card planned, then this standby task can replace appointing of activation immediately
Business.
In some embodiments, it is desirable to include for realizing the software of process or data base: advanced procedures
Or object-oriented language, such as C, C++, C#, Java or Perl.If desired, should
Software can also realize with assembler language.In network equipment realize packet transaction can include any by
The process that context determines.Such as, packet transaction can relate to High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
Framing (framing), header suppression and/or encryption.In certain embodiments, this software is stored in
On storage media or device, such as, can be read by universal or special processing unit thus perform described in this document
Process read only memory (ROM), programmable read only memory (PROM), electric erasable can
Program read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or disk.Processor may be configured to process and refers to
Any microprocessor (monokaryon or multinuclear) of order, SOC(system on a chip) (SoC), microcontroller, numeral letter
Number processor (DSP), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), or other integrated circuit any, such as
X86 microprocessor.
Although the disclosure has been described above and shows exemplary embodiments mentioned above, it is to be understood that make
The disclosure solely for illustrative purposes, and in the case of without departing substantially from the spirit and scope of the disclosure
The change in many details can be made, wherein the spirit of the disclosure and model with implementation of this disclosure
Enclose and only limited by the claims below.Other embodiments is within the claims below.Such as, Diameter
Image feature can combine or co-located with PDSN or other IMS gateway.
Claims (15)
1. a certificate server, this certificate server includes:
Memorizer；
Processor, described processor may operate to perform storage instruction in which memory；
Network interface, described network interface is by using authentication protocol and the Authentication Client on network
Communication；
Authentication module, described authentication module is for being the independent certification meeting between described Authentication Client
Words hold mode；And
Mirror module, described mirror module and described authentication module communication, described mirror module is configured
For receiving certification message for described independent certification meeting from described authentication module and described Authentication Client
Words, described mirror module is configured to the network of service supplier and forwards individually to certification mirror image
Each in the certification message received, and described mirror module is configured from described service supplier
Network on peer server pond in select described certification mirror image, thus the certification message of each arrival
Once being sent arrival by described authentication module, be forwarded to provide Tong Bu with described mirror module, thus
It is up-to-date for allowing described certification mirror image,
Wherein said instruction may operate to send described to described Authentication Client by authentication protocol message
The identification information of certification mirror image, and for the certification message received of authen session by described certification
Module forwards.
2. certificate server as claimed in claim 1, wherein said certificate server may operate to by
Multiple client sessions are mirrored to multiple certification mirror image.
3. certificate server as claimed in claim 1, it is right that wherein said certificate server is configured to
The request of the certification mirror image of the session crossed as the mirror image from peer server responds, and
Described peer server replaces described peer server in the case of breaking down and restarts described mirror
As the session crossed.
4. certificate server as claimed in claim 1, wherein said instruction may operate to creating institute
When stating the new authen session between Authentication Client and described certificate server, peer server is elected as
Mirror image.
5. certificate server as claimed in claim 1, this certificate server also includes being used as equity clothes
The module of the mirror image of business device.
6. certificate server as claimed in claim 1, wherein said authentication protocol is based on Diameter
Agreement.
7. certificate server as claimed in claim 1, wherein said certificate server is gateway
In SGW, policy, billing and rule functional PCRF or CSCF CSCF one.
8. an authentication method, the method includes:
At the server initiating authentication application session, receive the authentication protocol from Authentication Client disappear
Breath；
Authentication application session is set up between described Authentication Client and described server；
At least one mirror image server is selected for described authentication application session from peer server pond；
Configuration to independent authentication protocol message from described Authentication Client at least one mirror image server
, uninterrupted and movable forwarding；
The mark about at least one mirror image server is sent to described Authentication Client in certification message
Information, and described authentication application session processes by described server, thus described in allowing at least one
Individual mirror image server maintains the up-to-date authentication state for described authentication application session.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, the method also includes receiving as from peer server
The request of mirror image of authen session, and replace in the case of described peer server breaks down
Described peer server and restart the session that mirror image is crossed.
10. method as claimed in claim 8, the method also includes being mirrored to multiple client sessions
Multiple mirror image servers.
11. methods as claimed in claim 8, the method also includes keeping for each authen session
The centralized list of mirror image server.
12. methods as claimed in claim 8, the method also includes findings that and stores and can be chosen as mirror image
The address of peer server.
13. methods as claimed in claim 8, the method be additionally included in establishment described Authentication Client and
During new authen session between certificate server, elect peer server as mirror image.
14. methods as claimed in claim 8, the method also includes the mirror as Peer Authentication server
As server.
15. methods as claimed in claim 8, wherein said authentication protocol is based on Diameter
Agreement, described identification information is IP address, and described server is gateway SGW, strategy meter
Take and in rule functional PCRF or CSCF CSCF.
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| WO2012071446A2 (en) | 2012-05-31 |
| EP2643945A2 (en) | 2013-10-02 |
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| WO2012071446A3 (en) | 2012-08-02 |
| US20120131639A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
| EP3379802A1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
| CN103329480A (en) | 2013-09-25 |
| EP2643945B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
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