CN103329133B - CAD data generation method for evaporative pattern having framework structure - Google Patents

CAD data generation method for evaporative pattern having framework structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103329133B
CN103329133B CN201180065908.5A CN201180065908A CN103329133B CN 103329133 B CN103329133 B CN 103329133B CN 201180065908 A CN201180065908 A CN 201180065908A CN 103329133 B CN103329133 B CN 103329133B
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data
main body
shape
bar member
cad
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CN201180065908.5A
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CN103329133A (en
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今川博司
加藤梢
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/24Sheet material

Abstract

Provided is a CAD data generation method which is suited to designing an evaporative pattern having a framework structure. The CAD data generation method disclosed by the present specification comprises the steps of preparing (S2); allocating (S4); generating joint shape data (S6); and extracting shaft main body data (S8). In the preparation step, shaft member data is prepared, which is data which represents a shaft member, being configured of shaft main body data which represents the shape of the shaft main body and end part data which represents the shape of shaft end parts which are positioned on the ends of the shaft body. In the positioning step, a plurality of the shaft members is positioned in a three-dimensional space within a computer such that the shaft end parts overlap. In the joint shape data generation step, the end part data of the plurality of shaft end parts which overlap in the three-dimensional space are fused into one, generating shape data of joints. In the shaft main body data extraction step, the shaft main body data is withdrawn from the shaft member data of the shaft members which are positioned in the three-dimensional space. The joint shape data and the shaft main body data obtained by such steps correspond to the CAD data of the evaporative pattern.

Description

There is the cad data generation method that the evaporative pattern of skeleton structure is used
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of cad data of the evaporative pattern (evaporative pattern) that generates casting use.
Background technology
Lost foam casting (evaporative pattern casting) is the one of casting method, also claims lost pattern casting (lost foam casting) or cavityless casting (full mold casting).The words of the method general introduction are as described below.First, utilize the deorienting material disappearing because of the heat of motlten metal to carry out analogue formation (pattern).This model is called as evaporative pattern.Then, make the sand mold that evaporative pattern is imbedded.Make motlten metal flow into the die cavity of sand mold.Here, " die cavity " refers to the space that evaporative pattern occupies in sand mold.When injecting when motlten metal, evaporative pattern disappears because of the heat of motlten metal, and the space that evaporative pattern occupies is full of by motlten metal.Turn cold and after solidifying, in the time that sand mold is pulverized, complete the cast structure thing with the identical shape of evaporative pattern at motlten metal.Deorienting material typically uses foamed styrene or wax.
Evaporative pattern uses CAD(Computer Aided Design) design.Conventionally, CAD uses in the design of various works.The method of the efficient CAD of the characteristic of utilizing design object has been proposed.The CAD method of the design that is suitable for reinforcing bar unit for example, has been proposed in patent documentation 1.
[formerly technical literature]
[patent documentation]
[patent documentation 1] TOHKEMY 2010-33542 communique
Summary of the invention
But the method that is suitable for the CAD of evaporative pattern does not find.This instructions provides a kind of cad data generation method that is suitable for evaporative pattern, especially has the design of the evaporative pattern of skeleton structure.
Skeleton structure links multiple bar members and forms.Its shank is according to the number of the bar member linking or link angle and can become various shapes.Therefore,, if when each joint of independent design, design cost is surging.On the other hand, one of feature of evaporative pattern is not need the engagement member such as bolt and pin.Reason is, the material of evaporative pattern is foamed styrene or wax, and member does not use bolt or pin each other, as long as fix by bonding agent.Therefore,, in evaporative pattern, do not need the complicated shape for configuring bolt or pin etc.Inventors are conceived in the joint of evaporative pattern with skeleton structure, do not need the shape this point for configuring bolt or pin etc. although need to depend on the number of bar member or the shape of angle of link.That is, the shape of the joint of evaporative pattern only decides according to the geometric relation of the link of bar member, without considering the adjuncts such as bolt or pin.If inventors have found the shape of the skeleton structure based on hope by slightly long rod member and have been configured, depend on the number of bar member or link part that the shape of the joint of angle spatially overlaps each other as bar member and dependency determine.The disclosed new cad data generation method of this instructions is taking slightly long bar member as substantially constructing the data of skeleton structure, thus the generation of the data of simplification joint.
The disclosed new cad data generation method of this instructions comprises that preparatory process, arrangement step, joint geometry data generate operation, excellent body data abstraction process.In preparatory process, prepare bar member data, described bar member data are the data that represent bar member, comprise the excellent body data of the shape that represents excellent main body and are illustrated in the end data of the shape of the stick end that the end of excellent main body configures.In other words, excellent body data specifies the shape of excellent main body, and end data specify the shape of end.In arrangement step, the mode that multiple bar members are overlapped with stick end is configured in three dimensions.It should be noted that, in this arrangement step, in the imaginary three dimensions generating at computing machine, configure bar member.Generating in operation in joint geometry data, is a shape data that generates joint by the end data fusion of the multiple stick ends that overlap in imaginary three dimensions.It should be noted that, the processing that is by the data fusion of the multiple parts that spatially overlap is the function being equipped with at most cad tools Plays.In excellent body data abstraction process, take out excellent body data from the bar member data that are configured in the bar member in three dimensions.The joint geometry data that obtain by above-mentioned operation and excellent body data are equivalent to the cad data of evaporative pattern.
According to above-mentioned cad data generation method, the shape data of joint is defined the profile as the multiple stick end entirety that overlap in three dimensions.Therefore be, the shape data of joint without utilizing handwork to specify the linking portion of bar member.Without utilizing separately handwork to generate the shape data of joint, therefore can reduce the required cost of generation of cad data.
The shape of stick end is preferably ball.Particularly, the end data optimization of shape that represents stick end comprises the length of the cylinder and be connected with this ball and being connected with excellent main body as the radius of the ball of end shape.In this case, in arrangement step, also preferably multiple bar members are configured in three dimensions in the mode of the center superposition of the ball of stick end.This be because, in the time making the consistent and configuration stick end in multiple Qiu center, do not rely on connection bar member angle and the ball of end overlaps just.
In the time that the number of the bar member that utilizes a joint to link increases, bar member may interfere each other.Therefore, generate in operation at tag data, the mode preferably spatially not overlapping with excellent main body is adjusted the length of the cylinder that end data are comprised.The mode preferably spatially not overlapping with excellent main body conversely speaking, shortens the length of excellent main body.The multiple excellent main body that is connected in joint becomes independent parts, and situation about therefore overlapping is not preferred, but multiple stick end also can overlap.Its reason is that the shape of the stick end of coincidence comes together in a joint.
The disclosed new cad data generation method of this instructions can utilize cad tools (CAD software) to realize.It should be noted that, the skeleton structure being made up of multiple bar members also comprises framed structure, truss-frame structure or the framework of structure that framed structure and truss-frame structure are combined into.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 represents the schematic side view of stamping machine.
Fig. 2 A represents the vertical view of mould (evaporative pattern).
Fig. 2 B represents the side view of mould (evaporative pattern).
Fig. 3 represents that cad data generates the process flow diagram of processing.
Fig. 4 A represents the stereographic map of the bar member shown in bar member data.
Fig. 4 B is the figure of the parameter of explanation bar member data.
Fig. 5 is the figure of explanation arrangement step.
Fig. 6 is the figure that explanation joint geometry data generate operation.
Fig. 7 A is the figure (1) of the processing of the excellent main body of explanation situation about overlapping each other.
Fig. 7 B is the figure (2) of the processing of the excellent main body of explanation situation about overlapping each other.
Fig. 7 C is the figure (3) of the processing of the excellent main body of explanation situation about overlapping each other.
Fig. 8 is the stereographic map that represents the part of the link of piece and bar member.
Fig. 9 A is the figure (1) that the data of the linking part of illustrated block and bar member generate.
Fig. 9 B is the figure (2) that the data of the linking part of illustrated block and bar member generate.
Fig. 9 C is the figure (3) that the data of the linking part of illustrated block and bar member generate.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing, illustrate that evaporative pattern cad data generates method.The evaporative pattern that becomes in the present embodiment object is the evaporative pattern of the mould (a die for machine press) used for foundry machinery punching press.In order to contribute to understand, first, mechanical stamping mould is described.Fig. 1 is the schematic side view that possesses the stamping machine 50 of mould 2,42.Fig. 2 A is the vertical view of mould 2, and Fig. 2 B is the side view of mould 2.It should be noted that, Fig. 2 B utilizes imaginary line to represent the mould corresponding with mould 2 42.Mould 2 is fixed on backing plate 51, and mould 42 is fixed on slide block 52.Slide block 52 is guided by pillar 53, and moves up and down by actuator 55.
Mould 2 has design piece 20, bit block 24 and rest pad 26.Design piece 20 has for the design face 20a to work plate W transfer printing by the shape of target.Mould the 2, the 42nd, forms the mould of mud guard of motor vehicle for punching press.On design face 20a, be formed with shape and imitate the teat of the shape of mud guard.On the design face 40a of object mould 42, be formed with shape and imitate the depression of the shape of mud guard.Bit block 24 is positioned at four jiaos of mould 2.What be careful is in the drawings, only additional label 24 on a bit block, and omitted label on other bit block.
Work plate W is clamped by the design piece 20 of mould 2 and the design piece 40 of mould 42, and actuator 55 declines slide block 52, and during to work plate W imposed load, work plate W is deformed into the shape of design face 20a., the shape of design face 20a is transferred on work plate W.
In the time making mould 2 and mould 42 involutory, the directing pin 25 of mould 2 is chimeric with the guide bushing 45 of mould 42, makes mould 2 and mould 42 contrapositions., make the design face 40a contraposition of design face 20a and the mould 42 of mould 2.Directing pin 25 is arranged at bit block 24.As shown in Figure 2 A, bit block 24 is configured in four jiaos of mould 2 to surround the mode of design piece 20.By four jiaos of configuration bit blocks 24 at design piece 20, can determine exactly the relative position of the design face 20a of mould 2 and the design face 40a of mould 42.
Rest pad 26 is the pieces for the various tool that utilizes punching press load is installed.In the kind of instrument, for example, have the bending cam of the end cavetto of workpiece, workpiece offered to drift of the through hole of horizontal direction etc.At mould 42, the rest pad corresponding with rest pad 26 46 is installed.The load of the instrument between tool block 26 and 46 of being configured in when rest pad 46 approaches rest pad 26 is worked as driving force.
Design piece 20, bit block 24 and rest pad 26 are by multiple bar 12(rod member) and mutually link.Bar linking part is each other called " joint 14 ".In the drawings, what be careful is the bar to a few part and joint mark label only, and bar or joint to other omitted label.And, in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 A, Fig. 2 B, although to be careful to be joint 14 represented by circle, joint 14 can be taked various shapes.
Multiple bars 12 combine in longitudinal and transverse, oblique mode and form framework 10.When the grille surrounding at multiple bars 12 is rectangle, these bars 12 form framed structure.The grille that multiple bars 12 surround is in leg-of-mutton part, and these bars 12 form truss-frame structure., framework 10 has aforesaid framework Workpiece structure.It should be noted that, truss-frame structure refer on bar that only effect has axle power and effect have the framework Workpiece structure of moment, framed structure to refer to that effect on bar has the two framework Workpiece structure of axle force and moment.Framed structure, truss-frame structure are all only made up of bar, therefore light weight and there is high strength, and, also there is as a whole appropriate flexibility.
As shown in Figure 2 A, design piece 20 is supported from four directions by bar 12 in the time overlooking.And the bar 12 that design piece 20 is also configured by the direction along vertical is from rear support.Design piece 20 is supported four directions and the back side by bar 12, although therefore load is small, while receiving load, can flexibly move.,, in the time having applied the punching press load of deflection, design piece 20 moves a little so that the distribution of punching press load becomes even.Eliminate the deflection of punching press load by this small movement.The bit block 24 of the entirety of mould 2 by four jiaos and determining exactly and the relative position of mould 42.On the other hand, the four directions of design piece 20 and the back side are supported by bar 12, therefore mobile a little to eliminate the deflection of punching press load.On design face 20a, because punching press load is disperseed, therefore can suppress the wearing and tearing of mould, and maintain high component shaping precision.
The rigidity of design piece 20 is higher than the rigidity of the framework 10 being assembled into by bar 12.And the rigidity of bit block 24 is also high than the rigidity of framework 10.Therefore,, in the time applying punching press load, compared with the deflection of framework 10, the deflection of design piece 20 and bit block 24 is small.,, although framework 10 bulk deformations, the distortion of the distortion of design piece 20 and bit block 24 is suppressed.Itself distortion of design piece 20 is suppressed, therefore can maintain high component shaping precision.As described above, on the mould 2 with skeleton structure, have more.
Mould 2 is made by lost foam casting (cavityless casting or lost pattern casting).Therefore, need to the evaporative pattern of mould 2 same shapes shown in Fig. 2 A, Fig. 2 B.Evaporative pattern forms by the deorienting material disappearing because of the heat of motlten metal.Deorienting material is typically foamed styrene or wax.Below, the cad data generation method that the evaporative pattern of the mould 2 with skeleton structure is used is described.
Cad data generation method possesses preparatory process, arrangement step, joint geometry data generation operation, excellent body data abstraction process.Described operation is all implemented by CAD program.Fig. 3 represents the process flow diagram that cad data generates.In preparatory process, first, prepare to become the data (S2) of basic bar member.It should be noted that, for example, if can utilize over the bar member data that generate, can skip this operation.Then,, in arrangement step, based on the shape of evaporative pattern that becomes target, and multiple bar members are disposed to three dimensions (the imaginary space that computing machine is made).Now, the mode overlapping with the end of adjacent bar member configures bar member (S4).In the present embodiment, bar member combination is constructed to aforesaid framework 10.Then, operator operates CAD program, carries out that the shape data of the stick end of repetition is gathered is the processing (S6) of.Gathering is the shape data that the data of are equivalent to joint.Finally, extract the shape data (S8) of excellent main body from the data of bar member of configuration.The shape data of excellent main body extracting and the shape data of joint obtain as the cad data of evaporative pattern.Below, describe various operations in detail.
(preparatory process), in preparatory process, becomes the bar member data of the root of multiple bars 12 that mould 2 has.Fig. 4 A represents the shape of the bar member 60 of a bar member data representation.Fig. 4 B represents the parameter that bar member data comprise.Bar member data comprise the excellent body data of the shape that represents excellent main body 62 and represent the end data of the shape of stick end 64a, the 64b at the two ends that are configured in excellent main body 62.As shown in Figure 4 A, the bar member of the present embodiment has the shape of cylinder, and this cylinder has the end of semi-spherical shape.As shown in Figure 4 B, excellent main body 62 can be represented by the radius R c of cylinder and length L c., the radius R c of cylinder and length L c are equivalent to the parameter of excellent body data.And a side stick end 64a can be represented with the length L a of the cylinder being connected with hemisphere and be connected with excellent main body 62 by the radius R a of hemisphere., the radius R a of cylinder and the length L a of cylinder are equivalent to the data of stick end 64a.It should be noted that, in the data of stick end 64a, also comprise the coordinate of the center C a of hemisphere.Similarly, radius R a, the length L b of cylinder that comprises hemisphere in the data of the opposing party's stick end 64b and the coordinate of the center C b of hemisphere.Bar member data in advance is prepared in CAD program.Pre-prepd bar member data as described later, are copied as required, are configured in imaginary three dimensions in computing machine and construct skeleton structure.It should be noted that, the radius R of the radius R a(cylinder of hemisphere is a) 10mm to 40mm left and right.
By specifying a side the coordinate of center C a of end and the coordinate of the center C b of the opposing party's end, and can in three dimensions, configure bar member.Therefore, below, sometimes the coordinate of the center C a of hemisphere, Cb is called to the coordinate of stick end 64a, 64b.When specify length L a, the Lb of the coordinate of stick end 64a, 64b and the cylinder of stick end by CAD operator, CAD program is the length L c of calculation rod main body 62 automatically.
(arrangement step) then, CAD operator is configured in multiple bar members in the three dimensions that CAD computing machine makes.CAD operator configures bar member corresponding to the shape of the framework of mould 2.Now, the mode that CAD operator overlaps with the stick end of adjacent bar member is configured.,, in this stage, CAD operator uses the bar member data longer than actual bar member 12.Particularly, CAD operator configures bar member in the consistent mode of coordinate (coordinate at the center of hemisphere) of the stick end of adjacent bar member.One example of operation is now described with reference to Fig. 5.First CAD operator configures bar member 60a.Now, make a side's of bar member 60a position C1 and the three-dimensional coordinate P1 of stick end involutory, and make the opposing party's position C2 and the three-dimensional coordinate P2 of stick end involutory.CAD computing machine in the time that the coordinate at the two ends of bar member 60a is determined, as described above, the length L c of adjusting rod main body.Then, CAD operator is so that the position of a side the end mode consistent with coordinate P1 configures bar member 60b.Similarly, so that the position of a side the end mode consistent with coordinate P1 configures bar member 60c, 60d.Consequently, at coordinate P1 place, the end of 4 bar member 60a, 60b, 60c and 60d overlaps.And CAD operator is so that the position of a side the end mode consistent with coordinate P2 configures bar member 60e.At coordinate P2 place, the end of 2 bar member 60a, 60e overlaps.For the operation same with Fig. 5 of the whole implementation of mould 2.It should be noted that, about design piece 20 and bit block 24(with reference to Fig. 2 A, Fig. 2 B) be configured in narration below.
(joint geometry data generate operation) then, CAD operator carries out the processing of the end data fusion that makes the multiple stick ends that overlap to CAD program.Be provided to common CAD program this cleanup standard, therefore omit detailed explanation.Consequently, as shown in Figure 6, the shape that the end of bar member 60a, 60b, 60c and 60d overlaps generates as a shape data.This shape data is equivalent to the shape data of the joint 66a at center with coordinate P1.The data of the shape that similarly, output bar member 60a overlaps with the end of 60e.These data are equivalent to the shape data of the joint 66b at center with coordinate P2.
(excellent body data abstraction process) is last, and CAD operator operates CAD program, and collects the excellent body data of the bar member of configuration.The shape data of the joint so generating and excellent body data complete as the cad data of the evaporative pattern of mould 2.In the example of Fig. 6, the data of the data of excellent main body 62a, 62b, 62c, 62d, 62e and joint 66a, 66b become a part for the cad data of evaporative pattern.
In above processing, the shape data of joint is not that CAD operator specifies its shape with manual operations but automatically generation.In above-mentioned cad data generation method, CAD operator is without the shape data of specifying separately joint.
In the time that bar member is disposed to three dimensions, adjacent excellent main body interferes sometimes.Processing to this situation describes.Example as shown in Figure 7 A, is supposed bar member 60f and bar member 60g is positioned to the situation that the mode of coordinate P3 configures with their end.Now, a part of excellent main body 62f and a part of excellent main body 62g overlap (the scope Q of Fig. 7 A).CAD operator is in order to eliminate the repetition of excellent main body 62f and 62g and the position of the border 65f of stick end 64f in adjusting rod member 60f and excellent main body 62f.In other words, CAD operator in order to eliminate the repetition of excellent main body 62f and length L f(Fig. 7 B of the cylinder of elongated bar end 64f).Similarly, the position of the border 65g of the stick end 64g in CAD operator's adjusting rod member 60g and excellent main body 62g.In other words, CAD operator is in order to eliminate the repetition of excellent main body 62g and the length L g of the cylinder of elongated bar end 64g.After eliminating repetition, CAD operator makes the execution of CAD program make the processing of the stick end 64f of coincidence and the end data fusion of 64g.Like this, as shown in Fig. 7 C, generate the shape data of joint 66c.The shape data of the shape data of joint 66c and excellent main body 62f, 62g is as the part of the cad data of evaporative pattern and obtain.It should be noted that, as shown in Fig. 7 A-Fig. 7 C, due to the ball that is shaped as of stick end, when therefore no matter bar member with which kind of angle links, the ball of end can overlap just.Therefore, the shape of the joint of generation becomes simple.
The cad data generation of the linking portion of bar member and piece (design piece 20, bit block 24 etc.) finally, is described.As shown in Figure 8, be generated as example and describe to be linked with the cad data of the evaporative pattern of 2 bars 12 on bit block 24.
First, the piece 74 suitable with bit block 24 is configured in to three dimensions.Here piece 74 is disposed to coordinate P4.Next, configuration bar member 60h, 60j(Fig. 9 A).Now, the mode that is all positioned at coordinate P4 with the end of bar member 60h and the end of bar member 60j is configured.In Fig. 9 A, a part of excellent main body 62h and a part of excellent main body 62j overlap with piece 74.Therefore, make the border 65h between excellent main body 62h and stick end 64h move (Fig. 9 B) in order to eliminate the repetition of excellent main body 62h.Similarly, in order to eliminate the repetition of excellent main body 62j, the border 65j between excellent main body 62j and stick end 64j is moved.As described above, in fact, the length of the cylinder of CAD operator's adjusting rod end.So, eliminate the repetition (Fig. 9 B) of excellent main body 62h, 62j.
Finally, CAD operator is for CAD program, and carrying out and making the parts that overlap is the processing of the shape data fusion of piece 74, stick end 64h and 64j.Consequently, as shown in Figure 9 C, the shape that piece 74, stick end 64h and 64j overlap generates as a shape data.This shape data is equivalent to have at center the bit block 24 that the piece 75(of coordinate P4 comprises stick end) the data of shape.The shape data of the shape data of piece 75 and excellent main body 62h, 62j is as the part of the cad data of evaporative pattern and obtain.
Below narrate being careful a little of cad data generation method of embodiment.Bar member is not limited to cylinder.Bar member can be also quadrangular or polygon prism.And in an embodiment, the radius of the ball of stick end is identical with the radius of the cylinder of stick end.The radius of the cylinder of stick end also can be less than the radius of the ball of stick end.In addition,, while being created on the cad data of the shape that is linked with multiple bar members on piece, multiple bar members are as long as the mode overlapping with piece with their end configures.May not make the center of multiple stick ends consistent.
After obtaining cad data, generate evaporative pattern based on this cad data.Now, can generate separately joint and excellent main body, also can generate the parts that joint and excellent main body become one.The former in the situation that, by the adhering components generating separately, and complete the entirety of evaporative pattern.
Above, although understand in detail object lesson of the present invention, these are only illustrating, and do not limit the scope of application.The technology that the scope of application is recorded comprises the various distortion of above illustrative object lesson, mode after changing.The technology essential factor of this instructions or brief description of the drawings separately or can bring into play technical serviceability by various combinations, is not defined as the combination of claims record while application.And the illustrative technology of this instructions or accompanying drawing can realize multiple object simultaneously, the serviceability on the situation self that realizes one of them object possesses skills.
[label declaration]
2: mould (evaporative pattern)
10: framework
12: bar
20: design piece
24: bit block
25: directing pin
30: rest pad
50: stamping machine
51: backing plate
52: slide block
53: pillar
55: actuator
60: bar member
62: excellent main body
64: stick end
66: joint
75: piece

Claims (2)

1. a cad data generation method, is to have the cad data generation method that the evaporative pattern of skeleton structure is used, and it is characterized in that, comprising:
Preparatory process, prepares bar member data, and described bar member data are the data that represent bar member, comprises the excellent body data of the shape that represents excellent main body and is illustrated in the end data of the shape of the stick end that the end of described excellent main body configures;
Arrangement step, in the imaginary three dimensions generating at computing machine, the mode that multiple bar members are overlapped with stick end configures;
Joint geometry data generate operation, the end data combination of the multiple stick ends that overlap in three dimensions are generated to the shape data of joint; And
Rod body data abstraction process, takes out excellent body data from the bar member data that are configured in the bar member in three dimensions,
Stick end be shaped as ball,
End data comprise the length of the radius of ball and the cylinder being connected with ball and be connected with excellent main body,
In arrangement step, multiple bar members are configured in three dimensions in the mode of the center superposition of the ball of stick end.
2. cad data generation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Generate in operation in joint geometry data, the mode not overlapping in three dimensions with excellent main body is adjusted the length of the cylinder that end data are comprised.
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