CN103327018B - The implementation method that a kind of web page access controls and system - Google Patents
The implementation method that a kind of web page access controls and system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103327018B CN103327018B CN201310240661.7A CN201310240661A CN103327018B CN 103327018 B CN103327018 B CN 103327018B CN 201310240661 A CN201310240661 A CN 201310240661A CN 103327018 B CN103327018 B CN 103327018B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- user
- access
- web page
- time interval
- server
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The invention provides implementation method and the system of the control of a kind of web page access.Said method comprises the following steps: if client cannot accessed web page, and the cpu busy percentage of network processes server reaches preset value, then network processes server obtains the user class and the access time interval table of comparisons preset from mapping relations server, again web page access is performed, until realize web page access in Preset Time according to access time interval; Strategy controller obtains user in predetermined period from network processes server and repeats the final successfully repeated accesses number of times of web page access, and upgrades user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of mapping relations server stores according to update strategy; Mapping relations server obtains the access patient time of each user class in predetermined period from network processes server, and upgrades user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of mapping relations server stores according to adjustable strategies.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Internet technical field, particularly relate to implementation method and the system of the control of a kind of web page access.
Background technology
Along with the development of Internet technology, people use the interested website of browser access oneself and web page contents, have become technology indispensable in work or life.But under current network environment, can not ensure at every turn can be successful to the access of same web site, this may be to occasion a delay too much due to the number of persons logging of certain network address or the reasons such as machine of delaying cause.Now, browser mostly can show current web page and cannot open, and easily affects Consumer's Experience.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides implementation method and the system of the control of a kind of web page access, to solve the problem.
The invention provides the implementation method that a kind of web page access controls.Said method comprises the following steps: client performs corresponding web page access according to the network address information of user's input or selection; If client cannot accessed web page, and the cpu busy percentage of network processes server reaches preset value, then network processes server obtains the user class and the access time interval table of comparisons preset from mapping relations server, and really state access time interval corresponding to user according to user class and the access time interval table of comparisons, again web page access is performed, until realize web page access in Preset Time according to access time interval; Strategy controller obtains user in predetermined period from network processes server and repeats the final successfully repeated accesses number of times of web page access, and upgrades user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of mapping relations server stores according to update strategy; Mapping relations server obtains the access patient time of each user class in predetermined period from network processes server, and upgrades user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of mapping relations server stores according to adjustable strategies.
What the present invention also provided a kind of web page access to control realizes system, comprises client, network processes server, mapping relations server and strategy controller.Client's side link network processes server, network processes server connection strategy controller and mapping relations server, strategy controller connects mapping relations server.Wherein, client, for performing corresponding web page access according to the network address information of user's input or selection.If client cannot access described webpage, and the cpu busy percentage of network processes server reaches preset value, then network processes server obtains the user class and the access time interval table of comparisons preset from mapping relations server, and determine according to user class and the access time interval table of comparisons access time interval that described user is corresponding, described web page access is again performed, until realize described web page access in Preset Time according to access time interval.Strategy controller obtains user in predetermined period from network processes server and repeats the final successfully repeated accesses number of times of web page access, and upgrades user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of mapping relations server stores according to update strategy.Mapping relations server obtains the access patient time of each user class in predetermined period from network processes server, and upgrades user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of mapping relations server stores according to adjustable strategies.
Compared to prior art, the implementation method controlled according to web page access provided by the invention and system, be obstructed at the web page access of user, when webpage cannot be opened on time, the access time interval that network processes server is corresponding according to user class performs web page access again, the result of only backward reference failure when avoiding present network address to access.In addition, strategy controller upgrades user class and the access time interval table of comparisons according to update strategy, mapping relations server upgrades user class and the access time interval table of comparisons according to adjustable strategies, thus realize the dynamic conditioning of user class, and the dynamic corrections at access time interval corresponding to different user rank.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and form a application's part, schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 shows that the flow chart of the implementation method that the web page access that preferred embodiment according to the present invention provides controls;
Figure 2 shows that the schematic diagram of the system that realizes that the web page access that preferred embodiment according to the present invention provides controls.
Embodiment
Hereinafter also describe the present invention in detail with reference to accompanying drawing in conjunction with the embodiments.It should be noted that, when not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can combine mutually.
Figure 1 shows that the flow chart of the implementation method that the web page access that preferred embodiment according to the present invention provides controls.As shown in Figure 1, the implementation method that the web page access that preferred embodiment of the present invention provides controls comprises step 101 ~ 104.
In step 101, client performs corresponding web page access according to the network address information of user's input or selection.Specifically, client browser performs web page access according to user's input or the present network address information selected, such as, in address field input domain name or IP address information, or selects to represent the icon of heterogeneous networks address or link etc. at webpage or other interface.
In step 102, if described client cannot access described webpage, and the cpu busy percentage of network processes server reaches preset value, then described network processes server obtains the user class and the access time interval table of comparisons preset from mapping relations server, and determine according to described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons access time interval that described user is corresponding, described web page access is again performed, until realize described web page access in Preset Time according to described access time interval.Wherein, the preset value of network processes server cpu busy percentage is such as 95%, also or be 95% ~ 97% scope.The present invention does not limit this.
In the present embodiment, the user class of mapping relations server stores initial setting up and the access time interval table of comparisons.Wherein, user class and the access time interval table of comparisons comprise the corresponding relation at user class, user name and access time interval.In this, user class and the access time interval table of comparisons are such as shown in table 1, but the present invention does not limit this.
| User class | User name | Access time interval |
| High | User 1, user 2 | Every 0.1 second |
| In | User 3 | Every 0.2 second |
| Low | User 4, user 5 | Every 0.3 second |
Table 1
In the present embodiment, when the cpu busy percentage of network processes server reaches preset value first, network processes server obtains initial user class and the access time interval table of comparisons from mapping relations server, and the access time interval of relative users (such as, user 1) is determined according to user class and the access time interval table of comparisons (such as table 1).In this, the user class of user 1 is high-level, and the corresponding access time was spaced apart every 0.1 second.So, if the web page access failure of user 1, then network processes server repeated the web page access operation of user 1 every 0.1 second, until realize corresponding web page access in Preset Time (such as, 1 second).Wherein, if network processes server repeats the web page access operation of user 1 in Preset Time, the access of corresponding web page cannot still be realized, then to user 1 feedback net access to web page failure information.
In step 103, strategy controller obtains user in predetermined period from described network processes server and repeats the final successfully repeated accesses number of times of web page access, and upgrades described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of described mapping relations server stores according to update strategy.
In the present embodiment, described update strategy is: described strategy controller calculates the repeated accesses number accounting of each user in predetermined period, and the rank of each user upgraded is determined according to user class and the repeated accesses number accounting table of comparisons, wherein, the repeated accesses number accounting of each user equals unique user and repeats the ratio that web page access final successfully repeated accesses number and all users repeat the final successful repeated accesses number summation of web page access.
Specifically, when the cpu busy percentage of network processes server exceedes preset value first, and when obtaining from mapping relations server the user class and the access time interval table of comparisons preset, strategy controller starts to upgrade user class and the access time interval table of comparisons according to update strategy.Wherein, strategy controller obtains user in predetermined period from network processes server and repeats the final successfully repeated accesses number of web page access, and obtains data as shown in table 2.In this, table 2 is only example, and the present invention does not limit this.
| User name | Repeated accesses number | |||
| User 1 | 5 times | 6 times | 9 times | 20 times |
| User 2 | 4 times | 3 times | 3 times | 10 times |
| User 3 | 2 times | 2 times | ||
| User 4 | 1 time | 4 times | 5 times | |
| User 5 | 1 time | 2 times | 3 times |
Table 2
As shown in table 2, in predetermined period, user 1 runs into the situation that three times cannot realize web page access, and by successfully realizing web page access after 5 repeated accesses during first time, successfully realize web page access by 6 repeated accesses at twice, during third time, successfully realize web page access by 9 repeated accesses.User 3 only runs into the situation that once cannot realize web page access in predetermined period, and successfully realizes web page access after repeated accesses 2 times.The meaning represented by the data that other user is corresponding as described in user 1 and user 3, therefore repeats no more in this.
With reference to table 2, according to update strategy, repeated accesses number accounting=20/ (20+10+2+5+3)=50% of user 1, repeated accesses number accounting=10/ (20+10+2+5+3)=25% of user 2, repeated accesses number accounting=2/ (20+10+2+5+3)=5% of user 3, repeated accesses number accounting=5/ (20+10+2+5+3)=12.5% of user 4, repeated accesses number accounting=3/ (20+10+2+5+3)=7.5% of user 5.
In this, strategy controller stores user class and the repeated accesses number accounting table of comparisons.Wherein, user class and the repeated accesses number accounting table of comparisons comprise the corresponding relation of user class and repeated accesses number accounting.In this, user class and the repeated accesses number accounting table of comparisons are such as shown in table 3, and then, the present invention does not limit this.
| User class | Repeated accesses number accounting |
| High | Less than 40% |
| In | 40%～70% |
| Low | 70%～100% |
Table 3
In this, the repeated accesses number accounting of each user obtained according to table 2 and table 3 known, the corresponding adjustment of rank of user 1 ~ user 5 is as shown in table 4.
| User class | User name |
| High | User 2, user 3, user 4, user 5 |
| In | User 1 |
| Low |
Table 4
In the present embodiment, the lastest imformation of such as table 4 is sent to mapping relations server by strategy controller.
In step 104, described mapping relations server obtains the access patient time of each user class in described predetermined period from described network processes server, and upgrades described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of described mapping relations server stores according to adjustable strategies.
In the present embodiment, described adjustable strategies is: the user that described mapping relations server calculates each user class in predetermined period tolerates proportion, and tolerate that the adjustment mode at the access time interval of each user class determined by proportion and the adjustment mode table of comparisons according to user, wherein, the user of each user class tolerates that proportion equals the web page access patient time of unique user rank in predetermined period and the ratio of the web page access patient time summation of all user classs in predetermined period.
Specifically, when the cpu busy percentage of network processes server exceedes preset value first, and when obtaining from mapping relations server the user class and the access time interval table of comparisons preset, mapping relations server starts to upgrade user class and the access time interval table of comparisons according to adjustable strategies.Wherein, the user that mapping relations server obtains each user class in predetermined period from network processes server tolerates proportion, and obtains data as shown in table 5.In this, table 5 is only example, and the present invention does not limit this.
Table 5
As shown in table 5, in predetermined period, user 1 directly closes webpage when realizing web page access twice, and each used time is respectively 9 seconds and 3 seconds.In predetermined period, user 2 directly closes webpage when realizing web page access three times, and each used time is respectively 4 seconds, 6 seconds and 3 seconds.The represented meaning of other user data as described in user 1 and user 2, therefore repeats no more in this.
With reference to table 5, according to adjustable strategies, the user of higher-level user tolerates proportion=(12+13)/(12+13+5+6+10)=54.3%, the user of middle class subscribers tolerates proportion=5/ (12+13+5+6+10)=10.9%, and the user of lower-level user tolerates proportion=(6+10)/(12+13+5+6+10)=34.8%.
In this, mapping relations server stores user tolerance proportion compares the table of comparisons with adjustment mode.Wherein, user tolerates that proportion and the adjustment mode table of comparisons comprise the corresponding relation that user tolerates the adjustment mode at proportion and access time interval.In this, user tolerates that proportion and the adjustment mode table of comparisons are such as shown in table 6, and then, the present invention does not limit this.
| User tolerates proportion | Adjustment mode |
| 70%～100% | Access time interval corresponding to relative users rank is tuned up by the first preset ratio |
| 40%～70% | Do not adjust the access time interval that relative users rank is corresponding |
| Less than 40% | Access time interval corresponding to relative users rank is reduced by the second preset ratio |
Table 6
Wherein, the first preset ratio described in table 6 is such as the 1.5, second preset ratio is such as 0.8.But the present invention does not limit this.
In this, the user of each user class obtained according to table 5 tolerate ratio and table 6 known, the access time interval adjustment of user class and correspondence is as shown in table 7.
| User class | Access time interval |
| High | Every 0.1 second |
| In | Every 0.16 second |
| Low | Every 0.24 second |
Table 7
In the present embodiment, mapping relations server obtains up-to-date user class and the access time interval table of comparisons according to lastest imformation (such as, table 4 and table 7), up-to-date user class and the access time interval table of comparisons is sent to network processes server simultaneously.When the cpu busy percentage of network processes server reaches preset value again, network processes server repeats web page access according to the up-to-date user class obtained and the access time interval table of comparisons.
Figure 2 shows that the schematic diagram of the system that realizes that the web page access that preferred embodiment according to the present invention provides controls.As shown in Figure 2, the system that realizes that the web page access that preferred embodiment of the present invention provides controls comprises client 10, network processes server 12, mapping relations server 14 and strategy controller 16.Client 10 interconnection network processing server 12, network processes server 12 connection strategy controller 16 and mapping relations server 14, strategy controller 16 connects mapping relations server 14.
In the present embodiment, client 10, for performing corresponding web page access according to the network address information of user's input or selection.If client 10 cannot access described webpage, and the cpu busy percentage of network processes server 12 reaches preset value, then network processes server 12 obtains the user class and the access time interval table of comparisons preset from mapping relations server 14, and determine according to user class and the access time interval table of comparisons access time interval that user is corresponding, again web page access is performed, until realize described web page access in Preset Time according to access time interval.Strategy controller 16 obtains user in predetermined period from network processes server 12 and repeats the final successfully repeated accesses number of times of web page access, and upgrades described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of the storage of mapping relations server 14 according to update strategy.Mapping relations server 14 obtains the access patient time of each user class in predetermined period from network processes server 12, and upgrades user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of the storage of mapping relations server 14 according to adjustable strategies.About the specific operation process of described system with described in said method, therefore repeat no more in this.
In sum, the implementation method that the web page access provided according to present pre-ferred embodiments controls and system, be obstructed at the web page access of user, when webpage cannot be opened on time, the access time interval that network processes server is corresponding according to user class performs web page access again, the result of only backward reference failure when avoiding present network address to access.In addition, strategy controller upgrades user class and the access time interval table of comparisons according to update strategy, mapping relations server upgrades user class and the access time interval table of comparisons according to adjustable strategies, thus realize the dynamic conditioning of user class, and the dynamic corrections at access time interval corresponding to different user rank.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. an implementation method for web page access control, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Client performs corresponding web page access according to the network address information of user's input or selection;
If described client cannot access described webpage, and the cpu busy percentage of network processes server reaches preset value, then described network processes server obtains the user class and the access time interval table of comparisons preset from mapping relations server, and determine according to described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons access time interval that described user is corresponding, described web page access is again performed, until realize described web page access in Preset Time according to described access time interval;
Strategy controller obtains user in predetermined period from described network processes server and repeats the final successfully repeated accesses number of times of web page access, and upgrades described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of described mapping relations server stores according to update strategy;
Described mapping relations server obtains the access patient time of each user class in described predetermined period from described network processes server, and upgrades described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of described mapping relations server stores according to adjustable strategies;
Described update strategy is: described strategy controller calculates the repeated accesses number accounting of each user in predetermined period, and the rank of each user upgraded is determined according to user class and the repeated accesses number accounting table of comparisons, wherein, the repeated accesses number accounting of each user equals unique user and repeats the ratio that web page access final successfully repeated accesses number and all users repeat the final successful repeated accesses number summation of web page access;
Described adjustable strategies is: the user that described mapping relations server calculates each user class in predetermined period tolerates proportion, and tolerate that the adjustment mode at the access time interval of each user class determined by proportion and the adjustment mode table of comparisons according to user, wherein, the user of each user class tolerates that proportion equals the web page access patient time of unique user rank in predetermined period and the ratio of the web page access patient time summation of all user classs in predetermined period.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons comprise the corresponding relation at user class, user name and access time interval.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the user class upgraded according to described update strategy and described adjustable strategies and the access time interval table of comparisons are sent to described network processes server by described mapping relations server.
4. what a web page access controlled realizes system, it is characterized in that, comprise client, network processes server, mapping relations server and strategy controller, network processes server described in described client's side link, described network processes server connects described strategy controller and described mapping relations server, described strategy controller connects described mapping relations server
Wherein, described client, for performing corresponding web page access according to the network address information of user's input or selection,
If described client cannot access described webpage, and the cpu busy percentage of network processes server reaches preset value, then described network processes server obtains the user class and the access time interval table of comparisons preset from mapping relations server, and determine according to described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons access time interval that described user is corresponding, described web page access is again performed according to described access time interval, until realize described web page access in Preset Time
Described strategy controller obtains user in predetermined period from described network processes server and repeats the final successfully repeated accesses number of times of web page access, and described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of described mapping relations server stores is upgraded according to update strategy
Described mapping relations server obtains the access patient time of each user class in described predetermined period from described network processes server, and upgrades described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons of described mapping relations server stores according to adjustable strategies;
Described update strategy is: described strategy controller calculates the repeated accesses number accounting of each user in predetermined period, and the rank of each user upgraded is determined according to user class and the repeated accesses number accounting table of comparisons, wherein, the repeated accesses number accounting of each user equals unique user and repeats the ratio that web page access final successfully repeated accesses number and all users repeat the final successful repeated accesses number summation of web page access;
Described adjustable strategies is: the user that described mapping relations server calculates each user class in predetermined period tolerates proportion, and tolerate that the adjustment mode at the access time interval of each user class determined by proportion and the adjustment mode table of comparisons according to user, wherein, the user of each user class tolerates that proportion equals the web page access patient time of unique user rank in predetermined period and the ratio of the web page access patient time summation of all user classs in predetermined period.
5. system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described user class and the access time interval table of comparisons comprise the corresponding relation at user class, user name and access time interval.
6. system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the user class upgraded according to described update strategy and described adjustable strategies and the access time interval table of comparisons are sent to described network processes server by described mapping relations server.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310240661.7A CN103327018B (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2013-06-18 | The implementation method that a kind of web page access controls and system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310240661.7A CN103327018B (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2013-06-18 | The implementation method that a kind of web page access controls and system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103327018A CN103327018A (en) | 2013-09-25 |
| CN103327018B true CN103327018B (en) | 2015-12-09 |
Family
ID=49195549
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310240661.7A Active CN103327018B (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2013-06-18 | The implementation method that a kind of web page access controls and system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103327018B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104462476A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-03-25 | 科大国创软件股份有限公司 | Method for implementing service protection on service access frequency based on control time window |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102355458A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-02-15 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | Method for increasing success rate of network access |
| CN102724189A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-10-10 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | Method and device for controlling user URL (uniform resource locator) access |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20030101412A1 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-05-29 | Eid Eid | User aggregation of webpage content |
| US7685536B2 (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2010-03-23 | Sap Ag | Webpage autorefresh |
-
2013
- 2013-06-18 CN CN201310240661.7A patent/CN103327018B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102355458A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-02-15 | 四川长虹电器股份有限公司 | Method for increasing success rate of network access |
| CN102724189A (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2012-10-10 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | Method and device for controlling user URL (uniform resource locator) access |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103327018A (en) | 2013-09-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106254451B (en) | Embedded device web menu control system and method | |
| US8925056B2 (en) | Universal management of user profiles | |
| DE102018121306A1 (en) | Identity verification while respecting privacy | |
| US20150379030A1 (en) | Platform integrating method and system for adapting third-party web page in application | |
| DE202011110893U1 (en) | Administration of multiple logins via a single browser | |
| CN105354258B (en) | A kind of device and method updating website data caching | |
| CN102314469A (en) | Method for implementing cross-domain request callback | |
| CN103793538A (en) | System and method for realizing restoration of web service in case of crash of database | |
| CN103309986B (en) | A kind of Webpage access control method and system | |
| DE102013206441A1 (en) | System and method for filtering advertisements in a network device | |
| CN106302640A (en) | Data request processing method and device | |
| US20150244704A1 (en) | Techniques to authenticate user requests involving multiple applications | |
| CN101557403A (en) | Website login method, device and system | |
| CN103327018B (en) | The implementation method that a kind of web page access controls and system | |
| US20160042041A1 (en) | Customized and Automated Dynamic Infographics | |
| CN103327017B (en) | A kind of web page access processing method and system | |
| CN107547468A (en) | Switching of network protocol device, method and terminal | |
| CN105357253A (en) | Network data request processing device and method | |
| CN104202432A (en) | Remote web management system and method | |
| CN102567037B (en) | Realize the method that the timing of desktop material updates | |
| CN103309987B (en) | A kind of implementation method of web page access processing and system | |
| CN106209992A (en) | A kind of router supports method and the router of RSS subscription task download | |
| CN108897875A (en) | A kind of market figure update method, device and equipment | |
| CN106161570A (en) | Document down loading method based on page script, device, server group and system | |
| US9536199B1 (en) | Recommendations based on device usage |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C53 | Correction of patent of invention or patent application | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: Suzhou City, Jiangsu province 215121 Fengting Avenue Suzhou Industrial Park No. 666 Weiting Intelligent Industrial Park Building 8 Applicant after: Kuo Di education and science company limited Address before: Suzhou City, Jiangsu province 215121 Fengting Avenue Suzhou Industrial Park No. 666 Weiting Intelligent Industrial Park Building 8 Applicant before: Suzhou Kuodi Network Technology Co., Ltd. |
|
| COR | Change of bibliographic data |
Free format text: CORRECT: APPLICANT; FROM: SUZHOU KUODI NETWORK TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. TO: CODYY EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |