CN103325009A - Control and charge calculation method for power grid power load peak shift in short supply situation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a control and charge calculation method for power grid power load peak shift in a short supply situation, and belongs to the technical field of power grid power control. The control and charge calculation method for the power grid power load peak shift in the short supply situation comprises the steps that power consumers submit data of power consuming curves and data of peak shift quotation curves to a power grid company; the power grid company builds a power load peak shift optimizing model according to the data, submitted by the power consumers, of the power consuming curves and the data, submitted by the power consumers, of the peak shift quotation curves; the power load peak shift optimizing model is solved to obtain an optimum control plan of the power consumer peak shift, and peak shift control signals are sent to all the power consumers; the power consumers carry out load peak shift according to the peak shift control signals sent by the power grid company; after power load peak shift is completed, charges of the power consumers involved in the peak shift are shared by power consumers not involved in the peak shift. The control and charge calculation method for the power grid power load peak shift in the short supply situation can improve evenness of the spatial and temporal distribution of power load, and thus power resources are made to be utilized more sufficiently. Precision control of the power grid company over the power consumer peak shift according to needs can be achieved, and the control and charge calculation method for the power grid power load peak shift in the short supply situation has important practical significance and good application prospects.

Description

Control and Cost Calculation Method of Power Load Peak Shifting under the Situation of Short Supply of Power Network

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of grid electric power control, and in particular relates to a control and cost calculation method for power load peak shifting under the condition that the grid is in short supply.

Background technique

Power demand side management (Demand side management, DSM) refers to the planning and measures formulated by power companies to influence the power consumption mode of power users and improve the uniformity of time and space distribution of power load. In the 1970s, in order to deal with the energy crisis, the United States began to adopt management measures to curb energy consumption. In the 1980s, it gradually evolved into a load control method of shaving peaks and filling valleys. By 1984, the American Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) clearly proposed the concept of demand side management for the first time (Clark W G. Then and now: The perspective of the man who coined the term 'DSM' [J]. Energy Policy, 1996, 24(4), 285-288), which has aroused the attention of all walks of life.

The main manifestations of power users' participation in demand side management are shown in Figure 1, which are mainly divided into three categories: peak shaving, valley filling, and peak shifting to fill valleys. Peak shaving mainly reduces the maximum load of the power grid through active reduction of electricity demand by power users during the peak load period. As shown in Figure 1-a, the maximum power load is reduced below the dotted line. Valley filling usually uses various energy storage technologies to store electricity during low-load periods to meet power demand during peak-load periods. Incentives such as prices can also be used to encourage power users to increase electricity consumption during low-load periods, as shown in Figure 1-b Raise the minimum electrical load above the dotted line. Peak-shifting and valley-filling is a combination of peak-loading and valley-filling. This method transfers part of the load from the peak-load period to the low-valley period. On the basis of not affecting the power consumption of power users, the load curve of the grid is smoother and the power load is reduced. The peak-to-valley difference can improve the safety and economy of power grid operation. As shown in Figure 1-c, the power load above the dotted line in the peak load period is transferred to the trough period, so that the power load in the trough period is lifted above the dotted line .

In the existing demand side management, most control methods are based on price signals and load demand elasticity coefficients. Existing research (David A K, Li Y Z. Effect of inter-temporal factors on the real time pricing of electricity (the impact of time factors on real-time electricity prices). IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1993, 8(1): 44- 52) A load control method based on user load demand elasticity coefficient is proposed, which includes three modules: Optimal Power Flow (OPF) calculation module, electricity price calculation module, and load adjustment module based on user load demand elasticity coefficient . The control method first determines the power generation and load through the optimal power flow module, then calculates the electricity price according to the balance of power generation and load, and then adjusts the load based on the elasticity coefficient of user load demand, and feeds back to the optimal power flow calculation module. This control method needs to go through iterations among the three calculation modules, which is easy to cause oscillation of the control effect. Kirschen D S (Kirschen D S, Strbac G, Cumperayot P, et al. Factoring the elasticity of demand in electricity prices (decomposing demand elasticity in electricity prices). IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, 15 (2): 612-617) in Based on the research work of David A K, a load control method based on user load demand elasticity coefficient is proposed, which includes three modules: unit combination (Unit Commitment, UC) calculation module, electricity price calculation module, based on user load demand elasticity Coefficient of the load adjustment module. The control method first determines the power generation and load through the unit combination module, then calculates the electricity price according to the balance of power generation and load, and then adjusts the load based on the user load demand elasticity coefficient, and feeds back to the unit combination calculation module. The biggest difference between this control method and the control method proposed by David A K is that the optimal power flow calculation module is replaced by the unit combination module. In addition, the electricity price is calculated based on the actual rules of the British electricity market. The advantage of this type of control method is that it can explicitly express the relationship between load demand and price. However, the difficulty of this type of control method lies in: (1) The control effect depends on the accuracy of the user's load demand elasticity coefficient, and it is difficult to accurately obtain the power user's load demand elasticity coefficient in practice, generally only through a large number of investigations and studies (2) The results of this type of control method have certain uncertainties, and over-regulation and under-regulation of power loads may occur, which is easy to cause oscillation of the control effect, which is not conducive to the realization of precise control of power loads; (3) This It is difficult to realize the peak-shifting control effect of power users with fixed power consumption curve shape by using similar control methods.

In China's traditional power demand side management, commonly used methods include: orderly power consumption, peak and valley power prices, etc. In the method of orderly electricity consumption, power grid companies often formulate power rationing plans based on experience, simply according to the classification of power users, power users' arrears in payment of electricity fees, etc., and issue and implement them in the form of administrative orders, without fully considering the power users themselves. Willingness and power consumption constraints, which often cause power users' dissatisfaction with power supply companies' power cuts, which is not conducive to building a harmonious power supply environment. In the peak-valley power price method, the power grid company treats all power users equally, but different power users have different willingness to use electricity and have different ability to withstand price changes. Using a unified price for all power users is not conducive to motivating users to actively participate in demand-side management.

In the case of electricity in short supply, if the price is completely dependent on the relationship between power supply and demand, the power generation side will have the ability to manipulate the price, leading to an increase in electricity prices. Existing research (Xia Ye, Kang Chongqing, Ningbo, etc.. The integrated dispatching plan of power generation and consumption under the interactive mode of the power user side. Electric Power System Automation. 2012,36(1):17-23) proposes that the power user side participates in generation dispatching The interactive mode provides a peak-shifting quotation and settlement method for power users for demand side management. In this method, the power user’s peak shifting cost is borne by the power grid company, and the power user will tend to quote a high price, which will cause the power user’s peak shifting quotation to deviate from its real peak shifting cost; while the power user’s real peak shifting cost is the power user’s The power grid company cannot obtain the private information. In the case of information asymmetry between the power grid company and the power user, this method cannot solve the problem of the deviation between the peak shifting quotation of the power user and the real peak shifting cost.

Therefore, my country's current power demand side management urgently needs to find a control and cost calculation method for power load peak shifting when the power grid is in short supply. In order to find a practical way to support the interaction of the smart grid, it will play an important role in promoting the implementation of my country's power demand side management and energy conservation and emission reduction policies, and in increasing my country's gross domestic product created by unit electric energy.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a control and cost calculation method for power load peak shifting under the condition of power grid supply exceeding demand, improve the uniformity of power load time and space distribution, and make more full use of power energy; and provide power grid companies with load peak shifting. A scientific, efficient, and incentive method for power users to rationally submit peak-shifting quotations.

The control method for peak shifting of electric loads under the condition of power grid supply in short supply proposed by the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

S1. Power users submit the data of power consumption curve and peak shifting quotation curve to the power grid company according to the production plan arrangement of the next day's control cycle and the additional cost of load shifting;

S2. The power grid company establishes an optimization model for power user peak shifting based on the data of the power consumption curve and the peak shifting quotation curve submitted by the power user. The optimization model is composed of an objective function and constraint conditions, and includes the following steps:

1) Construct the objective function of the power user peak shifting optimization model, the expression is as follows:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&pi;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

Among them, h is the subscript of the power user, H is the number of power users, t is the subscript of the control period, T is the number of control cycle periods, α _{h, t} is 0-1 of whether the power user h starts to use electricity from period t Integer variable, F _h,t is the peak-shifting fee of electricity user h starting from time period t, π _t is the time-of-use electricity price of time period t, D _h,t is the power consumption of power user h in time period t, α _h,t and D _h,t are the control variables of the optimization model;

2) Establish the constraint conditions of the power user peak shifting optimization model, the expression is as follows:

(I) Fixed power consumption curve shape constraints, namely

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; W</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}$

Among them, W _h is the power consumption curve duration of power user h; D _h (τ), τ=1, 2,..., W _h is the power consumption curve sequence of power user h, and the ellipsis represents the period from 2 to W _h The natural number of ; this constraint means that the power consumption curve of the power user can be translated, and the shape of the power consumption curve remains unchanged during the translation process;

(II) Constraints on the integrity of the electricity consumption curve, namely

$\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; W</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}$

S3. Solving the power user peak-shifting optimization model described in step S2 to obtain the optimal values of the control variables α _{h, t} and D _{h, t} of all power users in the control cycle T in all time periods;

S4. The power grid company takes the optimal value of the control variables α _h,t and D _h,t as the control target value, sends the control signal of the power user's peak shift to the power user, and implements the optimal control of the power load peak shift when the power grid is in short supply. ;

S5. According to the peak-shifting control signal issued by the power grid company, each power user adjusts its own power consumption plan in real time, and shifts the power consumption curve to the period indicated by the peak-shifting control signal.

The present invention also proposes the calculation method of the electric load peak shifting cost utilizing the above method, which is characterized in that, comprising the following steps:

S1. After the power users complete the peak shifting according to the peak shifting control signal issued by the power grid company, the peak shifting expenses of the power users participating in the peak shifting shall be borne by the power users not participating in the peak shifting; Proportional allocation of electricity includes the following steps:

1) Determine the marginal peak shift quotation

Among all power users participating in peak shifting, determine the maximum value of peak shifting quotes as marginal peak shifting quotes, marked as C _m ;

2) Calculate the sum of peak shifting costs C of power users participating in peak shifting:

C=nC _m

Among them, n is the number of power users participating in peak shifting;

3) Calculate the peak shifting cost shared by each power user who does not participate in peak shifting

Assuming that the power consumption of power user h not participating in peak shifting is D _h , the sum of power consumption of power users not participating in peak shifting is D, and the sum of peak shifting costs of all power users participating in peak shifting is C, then The peak shifting fee that the peak power user h needs to share is C _h , and the expression is as follows:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}$

S2. Power users who do not participate in peak shifting shall pay the peak shifting expenses that need to be apportioned according to step S1; power users participating in peak shifting shall receive economic compensation whose value is the marginal peak shifting quotation.

Technical characteristics of the present invention and beneficial effect mainly comprise following two aspects:

On the one hand, the method of the present invention can assist the power grid company to determine the peak-shifting control scheme of the power user according to the power shortage of the power grid, and realize the precise control of the peak-shifting of the power load. The traditional power load peak-shifting control method is prone to oscillation of the control effect. The fundamental reason is that the traditional control method affects the power consumption behavior of power users through the electricity price signal, and uses an iterative feedback mechanism to achieve the purpose of power load peak-shifting control. In the method of the present invention, the power user submits the data of the power consumption curve and the peak shifting quotation curve to the power grid company; the power grid company constructs an optimization model of power load peak shifting according to the data of the power consumption curve and the peak shifting quotation curve submitted by the power user; This model obtains the optimal control scheme for power user peak shifting, and sends the peak shifting control signal to each power user; the power user implements load peak shifting according to the peak shifting control signal issued by the power grid company, thereby improving the temporal and spatial distribution of power load Uniformity, so that the power energy can be more fully utilized. The method of the invention avoids the oscillation phenomenon that occurs when the electricity price signal is used to control the peak shifting of the power user, and at the same time, can ensure that the shape of the user's power consumption curve remains unchanged during the peak shifting process of the power user, and has strong operability in the actual power system. Has significant beneficial effects.

On the other hand, the method that the peak shifting fees of the power users who participate in the peak shifting are paid by the power users who do not participate in the peak shifting can guide the power users to rationally submit their own peak shifting quotations.

(1) Rational power users lack motivation to submit peak shifting quotations lower than their real peak shifting costs; as a rational power user, they will not quote prices lower than their real peak shifting costs, because once the power user participates in peak shifting, and If the marginal peak shifting quotation is lower than the real peak shifting cost of the power user, the economic compensation received by the power user will not be enough to make up for its real peak shifting cost;

(2) Rational power users face risks in submitting peak-shifting quotations that are higher than their real peak-shifting costs; when power users are willing to participate in peak-shifting, power users will face two risks if they quote high prices; on the one hand, due to If the quotation is too high, it cannot be selected by the power grid company to participate in peak shifting; on the other hand, if the quotation is too high to participate in peak shifting, it is necessary to pay a certain amount of peak shifting fees to power users participating in peak shifting according to the marginal peak shifting quotation; When users are not willing to participate in peak shifting, power users are not willing to quote high prices, because if these power users declare high prices, it will increase the room for price increases for other power users, and may increase the marginal peak shifting quotations, so that Make these users face paying higher peak shift fees.

In the method proposed by the present invention, power users who quote high prices may not be able to participate in peak shifting, but also face the risk of paying a certain amount of peak shifting fees to power users participating in peak shifting, so rational power users will not falsely report high prices, so that Power users tend to be rational and submit peak shifting quotations that reflect their real peak shifting costs. The method proposed by the invention can solve the problem of the authenticity of peak-shifting quotations of power users under the condition of information asymmetry.

The present invention aims to provide a control and cost calculation method for peak shifting of power loads when the power grid is in short supply for the above problems. The power grid company benefits the power users who participate in the peak shifting, and punishes the power users who do not participate in the peak shifting. Under normal circumstances, only a small number of power users actually shift peaks, and most power users do not need to participate in peak shifting. The method proposed by the present invention can not only create a profitable space for power users with strong peak shifting capabilities and willingness to shift peaks, Moreover, it does not cause excessive payment for power users who have not participated in peak shifting. This is because the number of users who shift peaks is small, and most users do not shift peaks. Compensating a small number of users with a majority of users will inevitably result in light burdens for the majority of users and benefits for a small number of users. The rich pattern can greatly enhance the enthusiasm of users to participate in peak shifting, and can effectively motivate power users to participate in the interaction, so as to promote the implementation of China's power demand side management and energy conservation and emission reduction policies, and increase the GDP created by China's unit electric energy. Important role, showing the important practical significance and good application prospect of the present invention.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of three manifestations of power users participating in power demand side management; Figure 1-a represents peak shaving; Figure 1-b represents valley filling; Figure 1-c represents peak shifting and valley filling;

Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the control method of electric load peak shifting under the situation that power grid is in short supply of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the flow chart of the calculation method of the electric load peak shifting cost adopting the control method of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of power users submitting electricity consumption curves and peak shifting quotation curves to grid companies in the example of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a power consumption curve of a power user in an example of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a peak-shifting quotation curve for power users in an example of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a power grid company issuing a peak-shifting control signal to a power user in an example of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a power consumption curve and a peak-shifting quotation curve of a power user a according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a power consumption curve and a peak-shifting quotation curve of a power user b according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 10 is a power consumption curve and a peak-shifting quotation curve of a power user c according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is a peak shifting scheme of a power user a according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a peak shifting scheme of a power user b according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 13 is a peak shifting scheme of a power user c according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here can be used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

The present invention provides a control method for peak shifting of electric power loads under the condition that the power grid is in short supply. As shown in FIG. 2 , the specific implementation of the present invention includes the following steps:

S1. Power users submit the data of power consumption curve and peak shifting quotation curve to the power grid company according to the production plan arrangement of the next day's control cycle and the additional cost of load shifting;

The schematic diagram of power users submitting power consumption curves and peak-shifting quotation curves to the grid company is shown in Figure 4; power users submit the data of power consumption curves and peak-shifting quotation curves to the grid company through the data communication network;

The schematic diagram of the power consumption curve of the power user is shown in Figure 5; the duration of the power consumption curve of the power user is 8 hours, and the maximum power load is 7466 kilowatts;

An example of a power user’s peak-shifting quotation curve is shown in Figure 6; the ordinate value corresponding to a certain point on the curve represents that when the power user shifts the start time of the load curve to the abscissa time corresponding to the point, the power The user needs to pay additional costs; if the power user shifts the start time of the load curve to 4:00 in the morning, the power user needs to pay an additional cost of 50,000 yuan;

S2. The power grid company establishes the peak shifting optimization model for power users based on the data of the power consumption curve and the peak shifting quotation curve submitted by the power user. The optimization model is composed of an objective function and constraints, and includes the following steps:

1) Construct the objective function of the power user peak shifting optimization model, the expression is as follows:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&pi;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

Among them, h is the subscript of the power user, H is the number of power users, t is the subscript of the control period, T is the number of control cycle periods, α _{h, t} is 0-1 of whether the power user h starts to use electricity from period t Integer variable, F _h,t is the peak-shifting fee of electricity user h starting from time period t, π _t is the time-of-use electricity price of time period t, D _h,t is the power consumption of power user h in time period t, α _h,t and D _h,t are the control variables of the optimization model;

2) Establish the constraint conditions of the power user peak shifting optimization model, the expression is as follows:

(I) Fixed power consumption curve shape constraints, namely

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; W</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}$

Among them, W _h is the power consumption curve duration of power user h; D _h (τ), τ=1, 2,..., W _h is the power consumption curve sequence of power user h, and the ellipsis represents the period from 2 to W _h is a natural number; the schematic diagram of D _h (τ) is shown in Figure 5, and τ is the period subscript used to describe the power consumption curve sequence. In Figure 5, τ=1 corresponds to a value on the power consumption curve of 7200 kW; Constraint conditions represent that the electricity consumption curve of the power user can be translated, and the shape of the electricity consumption curve remains unchanged during the translation process;

(II) Constraints on the integrity of the electricity consumption curve, namely

$\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; W</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}$

S3. Solving the power user peak-shifting optimization model described in step S2 to obtain the optimal values of the control variables α _{h, t} and D _{h, t} of all power users in the control cycle T in all time periods;

The power user peak shifting optimization model described in step S2 is a mixed integer programming model containing 0-1 variables, which can be solved by existing methods such as branch and bound method and branch cut plane method;

S4. The power grid company takes the optimal value of the control variables α _h,t and D _h,t as the control target value, and sends a control signal to the power user to shift the peak of the power user, so as to implement the optimization of the peak shift of the power load when the power grid is in short supply. control;

As shown in Figure 7, the peak shift control signal of the power grid company is sent to each power user through the data communication network;

S5. According to the peak-shifting control signal issued by the power grid company, each power user adjusts its own power consumption plan in real time, and shifts the power consumption curve to the period indicated by the peak-shifting control signal.

The present invention is based on the calculation method of the electric load peak shifting cost as described above, as shown in Figure 3, the specific implementation mode of the present invention comprises the following steps:

S1. After the power users complete the peak shifting according to the peak shifting control signal issued by the power grid company, the peak shifting expenses of the power users participating in the peak shifting shall be borne by the power users not participating in the peak shifting; Proportional allocation of electricity includes the following steps:

1) Determine the marginal peak shift quotation

Among all power users participating in peak shifting, determine the maximum value of peak shifting quotes as marginal peak shifting quotes, marked as C _m ;

2) Calculate the sum of peak shifting costs C of power users participating in peak shifting:

C=nC _m

Among them, n is the number of power users participating in peak shifting;

3) Calculate the peak shifting cost shared by each power user who does not participate in peak shifting

Assuming that the power consumption of power user h not participating in peak shifting is D _h , the sum of the power consumption of power users not participating in peak shifting is D, and the sum of the expenses of all power users participating in peak shifting is C, then the power consumption of power users not participating in peak shifting is C. The peak shifting fee that power user h needs to share is C _h , the expression is as follows:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}$

S2. Power users who do not participate in peak shifting shall pay the peak shifting expenses that need to be apportioned according to step S1; power users participating in peak shifting shall receive economic compensation whose value is the marginal peak shifting quotation.

It can be seen from the above specific implementation steps that the control and cost calculation method of peak shifting of electric loads proposed by the present invention can realize the precise control of peak shifting of power users by power grid companies according to needs, and can guide power users to rationally submit peak shifting quotation curves. data.

It should be emphasized that the peak-shifting quotation curve in the implementation steps proposed by this method can be flexibly selected and customized. Therefore, the above implementation steps are only used to illustrate rather than limit the technical solution of the present invention. Any modification or partial replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Example:

Taking the IEEE-3 node power grid as an example, it is assumed that the power grid contains 210 power users, and the duration of each power consumption curve is 8 hours. The principle between 12:00 is randomly generated; during the peak load period, the movable peak load is 13.86MW, and the non-movable peak load is 269.61MW. The movable peak load accounts for 4.89% of the total load of the grid. For some reason, the power grid is in short supply during peak load hours (17:00), and the power deficit is 1.386MW. The control cycle T is 24 hours the next day, separated by 1 hour, and the control cycle is divided into 24 control periods.

The present invention provides a control method for peak shifting of electric power loads under the condition that the power grid is in short supply. As shown in FIG. 2 , the specific implementation of the present invention includes the following steps:

S1. Power users submit the data of power consumption curve and peak shifting quotation curve to the power grid company according to the production plan arrangement of the next day's control cycle and the additional cost of load shifting;

Taking power users a, b, and c as examples, the power consumption curves and peak-shifting quotation curves of power users are shown in Figures 8 to 10. In the figure, the histogram represents the power consumption curve of the user, and the line with diamond-shaped points represents The user's peak-shifting quotation curve;

S2. The power grid company establishes a peak shifting optimization model for power users based on the power consumption curve and peak shifting quotation curve data submitted by power users. The optimization model consists of objective functions and constraints, including the following steps:

1) Construct the objective function of the power user peak shifting optimization model, the expression is as follows:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&pi;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

Among them, h is the subscript of the power user, H is the number of power users, t is the subscript of the control period, T is the number of control cycle periods, α _{h, t} is 0-1 of whether the power user h starts to use electricity from period t Integer variable, F _h,t is the peak-shifting fee of electricity user h starting from time period t, π _t is the time-of-use electricity price of time period t, D _h,t is the power consumption of power user h in time period t, α _h,t and D _h,t are the control variables of the optimization model;

In this embodiment, H=210, T=24, the data of the time-of-use electricity price is shown in Table 1; Taking power users a, b and c as examples, the power consumption curve and peak shifting quotation curve of power users are shown in Figure 8 to As shown in Figure 10, in the figure, the histogram represents the user's electricity consumption curve, and the line with diamond-shaped mark points represents the user's peak-shifting quotation curve;

Table 1

Unit: Yuan/MWh

2) Establish the constraint conditions of the power user peak shifting optimization model, the expression is as follows:

(I) Fixed power consumption curve shape constraints, namely

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; W</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}$

Among them, W _h is the power consumption curve duration of power user h; D _h (τ), τ=1, 2,..., W _h is the power consumption curve sequence of power user h, and the ellipsis represents the period from 2 to W _h is a natural number; the schematic diagram of D _h (τ) is shown in Figure 5, and τ is the period subscript used to describe the power consumption curve sequence. In Figure 5, τ=1 corresponds to a value on the power consumption curve of 7200 kW; Constraint conditions represent that the electricity consumption curve of the power user can be translated, and the shape of the electricity consumption curve remains unchanged during the translation process;

In this embodiment, W _h =8, taking power users a, b and c as examples, the power consumption curves of the power users are shown in Figures 8 to 10, in which the histograms represent the power consumption curves of the users;

(II) Constraints on the integrity of the electricity consumption curve, namely

$\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; W</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}$

S3. Solving the power user peak-shifting optimization model described in step S2 to obtain the optimal values of the control variables α _{h, t} and D _{h, t} of all power users in the control cycle T in all time periods;

Taking power users a, b and c as an example, the optimal value of the control variable α _h,t is shown in Table 2:

Table 2

The data in Table 2 shows that users a, b, and c start to use electricity at 11:00, 10:00, and 9:00, respectively;

Taking power users a, b and c as an example, the optimal value of the control variable D _h,t is shown in Table 3:

table 3

Unit: Megawatt

S4. The power grid company takes the optimal value of each control variable α _h,t and D _h,t as the control target value, and sends a control signal to the power user to shift the peak value of the power user, so as to implement the peak shifting of the power load when the power grid is in short supply. optimized control;

S5. According to the peak-shifting control signal issued by the power grid company, each power user adjusts its own power consumption plan in real time, and shifts the power consumption curve to the period indicated by the peak-shifting control signal.

According to the control signal issued by the power grid company, the three power users a, b, and c have advanced the start of power consumption by 3, 2, and 1 hour respectively, as shown in Figures 11 to 13. In the figure, there are diamond-shaped points The line in represents the power consumption curve of the user before the peak shift, and the line with the box represents the power consumption curve of the user after the peak shift. The total load shifting amount of the three power users during the peak load period (17:00) is 1.392MW, which can achieve the balance of power supply and demand during the peak load period.

This embodiment is based on the calculation method of the electric load peak shifting cost of the above method, as shown in Figure 3, this embodiment includes the following steps:

S1. After the power users complete the peak shifting according to the peak shifting control signal issued by the power grid company, the peak shifting expenses of the power users participating in the peak shifting shall be borne by the power users not participating in the peak shifting; Proportional allocation of electricity includes the following steps:

1) Determine the marginal peak shift quotation

Among all power users participating in peak shifting, determine the maximum value of peak shifting quotes as marginal peak shifting quotes, marked as C _m ;

In this example, the quotation for marginal peak shifting is 3,500 yuan;

2) Calculate the sum of peak shifting costs C of power users participating in peak shifting:

C=nC _m

Among them, n is the number of power users participating in peak shifting; in this embodiment, the number of power users participating in peak shifting is 3, and the total peak shifting fee that power users who do not participate in peak shifting need to pay is C=3×3500= 10500 yuan;

3) Calculate the peak shifting cost shared by each power user who does not participate in peak shifting

Assuming that the power consumption of power user h not participating in peak shifting is D _h , the sum of the power consumption of power users not participating in peak shifting is D, and the sum of the expenses of all power users participating in peak shifting is C, then the power consumption of power users not participating in peak shifting is C. The peak shifting fee that power user h needs to share is C _h , the expression is as follows:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Center\; Dot;</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}$

The peak shift fee that each power user who does not participate in the peak shift needs to pay is calculated according to 3) in step S1. Due to the large number of power users, it is not listed here;

S2. Power users who do not participate in peak shifting shall pay the peak shifting expenses that need to be apportioned according to step S1; power users participating in peak shifting shall receive economic compensation whose value is the marginal peak shifting quotation.

Schematic representations of specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in embodiments or examples in the description of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example; Any one or more embodiments or examples are combined in a suitable manner.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be construed as limitations to the present invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions, and modifications to the above-described embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A control method for power load peak shifting under the situation that the power grid is in short supply, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1. Power users submit the data of power consumption curve and peak shifting quotation curve to the power grid company according to the production plan arrangement of the next day's control cycle and the additional cost of load shifting; S2. The power grid company establishes an optimization model for power user peak shifting based on the data of the power consumption curve and the peak shifting quotation curve submitted by the power user. The optimization model is composed of an objective function and constraint conditions, and includes the following steps: 1) Construct the objective function of the power user peak shifting optimization model, the expression is as follows: $\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&pi;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$ Among them, h is the subscript of the power user, H is the number of power users, t is the subscript of the control period, T is the number of control cycle periods, α _{h, t} is 0-1 of whether the power user h starts to use electricity from period t Integer variable, F _h,t is the peak-shifting fee of electricity user h starting from time period t, π _t is the time-of-use electricity price of time period t, D _h,t is the power consumption of power user h in time period t, α _h,t and D _h,t are the control variables of the optimization model; 2) Establish the constraint conditions of the power user peak shifting optimization model, the expression is as follows: (I) Fixed power consumption curve shape constraints, namely ${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; W</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}$ Among them, W _h is the power consumption curve duration of power user h; D _h (τ), τ=1, 2,..., W _h is the power consumption curve sequence of power user h, and the ellipsis represents the period from 2 to W _h The natural number of ; this constraint means that the power consumption curve of the power user can be translated, and the shape of the power consumption curve remains unchanged during the translation process; (II) Constraints on the integrity of the electricity consumption curve, namely $\underset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; W</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}{\overset{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Sigma;</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&alpha;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}$ S3. Solving the power user peak-shifting optimization model described in step S2 to obtain the optimal values of the control variables α _{h, t} and D _{h, t} of all power users in the control cycle T in all time periods; S4. The power grid company takes the optimal value of the control variables α _h,t and D _h,t as the control target value, and sends a control signal to the power user to shift the peak of the power user, so as to implement the optimization of the peak shift of the power load when the power grid is in short supply. control; S5. According to the peak-shift control signal issued by the power grid company, each power user adjusts its own power consumption plan in real time, and shifts the power consumption curve to the period indicated by the peak-shift control signal. 2. based on the calculation method of the electric load peak shifting cost of method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprising the following steps: S1. After the power users complete the peak shifting according to the peak shifting control signal issued by the power grid company, the peak shifting expenses of the power users participating in the peak shifting shall be borne by the power users not participating in the peak shifting; Proportional allocation of electricity includes the following steps: 1) Determine the marginal peak shift quotation Among all power users participating in peak shifting, determine the maximum value of peak shifting quotes as marginal peak shifting quotes, marked as C _m ; 2) Calculate the sum of peak shifting costs C of power users participating in peak shifting: C=nC _m Among them, n is the number of power users participating in peak shifting; 3) Calculate the peak shifting cost shared by each power user who does not participate in peak shifting Assuming that the power consumption of power user h not participating in peak shifting is D _h , the sum of power consumption of power users not participating in peak shifting is D, and the sum of peak shifting costs of all power users participating in peak shifting is C, then The peak shifting fee that needs to be apportioned by power user h who does not participate in peak shifting is C _h , the expression is as follows: ${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&CenterDot;</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; h</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}$ S2. Power users who do not participate in peak shifting shall pay the peak shifting fees that need to be apportioned according to step S1; power users participating in peak shifting shall receive economic compensation whose value is the marginal peak shifting quotation.

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