CN103323571A - Method for positioning activities of Entomophthora in grain piles of grains stored in grain bin - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for positioning activities of Entomophthora in grain piles of grains stored in a grain bin. According to characteristics of grain piles, monitoring layers are respectively selected and set in the vertical direction of the grain piles; carbon dioxide gas concentration monitoring points are arranged at certain interval on each monitoring layer; and through periodically detecting changes of the carbon dioxide gas concentration of each monitoring point and according to distribution of grain pile carbon dioxide gas concentration, key points and relative points of activities of Entomophthora in the grain piles are determined and activity spaces and parts of Entomophthora in the grain piles are positioned.

Description

A method for locating insect and mold activities in grain piles stored in granaries

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of grain storage safety monitoring, and in particular relates to a method for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide in a specific part of a grain pile in a granary, and according to the diffusion characteristics of carbon dioxide gas in the grain pile, to monitor the growing and metabolizing insects in the grain pile. Locate the active part of the fungus to provide a basis for accurate prevention and control of the hazards of the fungus in stored grains.

Background technique

The scale of my country's grain reserves is large and the storage time is long. During the storage period, it is unavoidable that insects and mold hazards will occur. The early stage of insect mold growth usually occurs in a certain area of the grain pile, and then continues to expand to the surrounding area, eventually leading to serious loss of stored grain, such as causing deterioration of grain apparent quality, eating quality, and processing quality. In particular, some molds that can grow in food can also metabolize and produce various toxic secondary metabolites after growing for a certain period of time, such as producing mycotoxins such as aflatoxin with strong toxicity and carcinogenicity, which can be harmful to humans and serious hazard to animal health. Therefore, the safety of grain storage can only be ensured by accurately and timely finding the early active parts of the insect mold in the grain pile, and carrying out targeted early treatment and control of the insect mold activity in the stored grain.

At present, the grain storage industry generally adopts the method of temperature detection to locate the harmful activities of insects and molds in stored grains. However, due to the slow conduction speed of temperature in grain piles, it is necessary to rely on very intensive setting points to obtain the information of insects and molds. Usually, each Granary needs to set up hundreds of monitoring points. Even so, the sensitivity of its monitoring is still not ideal. When the grain temperature in some areas is found to be abnormally high, often the grains in this area have already experienced the growth of insects and molds that can be discerned by the senses.

Insects and molds in grains can produce carbon dioxide gas, and carbon dioxide gas has good diffusivity in grain piles. By detecting changes in carbon dioxide concentration in grain piles, the purpose of monitoring insects and molds in stored grains can be achieved. There are mainly two types of existing methods for detecting carbon dioxide in grain piles. One type is a portable detector. The operator inserts a gas sampling tube into the grain pile on site to detect the gas on the surface of the grain pile. This detection method is limited by the manual insertion of a gas sampling tube in the grain pile, which is generally only about 0.5 meters, and it is difficult to obtain information on insect and mold activity in the entire granary. The other is to bury gas pipelines at different depths and locations in the grain piles to detect carbon dioxide gas in the grain piles. However, the existing methods do not combine the diffusion characteristics of carbon dioxide in the grain piles for targeted setting. There is also no established analysis method for locating the active parts of insects and molds according to the change of carbon dioxide concentration at each monitoring point. The exact area of insects and molds cannot be determined by setting points with general spacing, and the material consumption and monitoring workload of densely set points are too large. It is difficult to implement in grain storage practice.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for locating insect mold activity in grain piles of granary grain storage aiming at the shortcomings in the above-mentioned prior art. The method of the present invention optimizes the setting of monitoring points according to the diffusion characteristics of carbon dioxide in the grain pile, and the purpose is to set the minimum monitoring points and invest the minimum monitoring workload before insects and molds do not cause obvious damage to the stored grain and its quality. , Accurately find the active parts of insects and molds in the grain pile, and prevent the loss of stored grains caused by insects and molds.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical measures:

The method for locating insects and mildew activities in the grain piles of granary grain storage of the present invention is to set carbon dioxide gas concentration monitoring points at specific parts of the grain piles, regularly detect changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide gas at each monitoring point, and according to the distribution of the carbon dioxide gas concentration of the grain piles. Locate the active part of the insect mold in the grain pile.

The concrete measures of the inventive method are as follows:

a. Set carbon dioxide gas concentration monitoring points in the grain pile: first, set them at a row and column spacing of 4 m-8 m in the bottom area 0 m-1 m away from the granary floor at a position other than 1 m-4 m away from the wall The monitoring layer at the bottom of the granary is composed of several carbon dioxide gas concentration monitoring points, and then a monitoring layer with the same number and corresponding positions as the monitoring points of the monitoring layer at the bottom of the granary is set at an interval of 2 m-3 m in the direction of the height of the grain pile. layer, and the distance between the top monitoring layer and the grain pile surface is greater than or equal to 3 m;

b. Carry out the detection of the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the grain pile and the arrangement of the detection values: Detect the concentration of carbon dioxide gas at each monitoring point in a period of 5 days to 10 days, compare the detection values of each monitoring point with the previous detection value, Select the location where the detection value is greater than 1%, and the detection value is 0.2% greater than the previous detection value at this point, or the location where the concentration increment value of two carbon dioxide gas detections at the same monitoring point is greater than 0.5% as the positioning key point; compare For the carbon dioxide gas concentration of the monitoring points adjacent to each positioning key point on the same layer, select the parts that have increased by more than 0.1% compared with the previous detection value as the positioning related points; The position with the larger value or the increase value of carbon dioxide concentration is the key point of positioning, and the rest are related points of positioning;

c. Spatial positioning of insect and mildew activity points: on the grain surface, take each positioning key point as the center, draw the connection line with the positioning related points, use the carbon dioxide gas concentration detection value of each monitoring point as the weight, and calculate according to the moment The method of calculating and determining the center of gravity of each connection line; if the positioning key point is not adjacent to the positioning related point, the positioning key point is the projection of the insect mold activity center on the grain surface; if the positioning key point has only one adjacent positioning related point If you connect a line, the center of gravity is the projection of the active center of insects and mildew on the surface of the grain pile; Connect the line, and then use the weights of the detection values of the two positioning related points to calculate the center of gravity of the new connecting line, which is the projection of the insect mold activity center point on the grain pile surface; if the positioning key points exceed two positioning related points, they are adjacently connected If multiple connecting lines are formed, the adjacent centers of gravity can be connected to form an area on the grain surface, and the geometric center of this area is the projection position corresponding to the active part of the insect mold in the grain heap on the surface of the grain heap; The spatial area of mold activity is located in the cylindrical area 3 meters above the plane where the relevant point is located corresponding to the determined projection site.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

(1) The present invention optimizes the monitoring points according to the needs of the location of insect and mold activity in grain piles. On the premise of effectively locating the insect and mold activity area in grain piles, the setting of monitoring points is reduced as much as possible, which can not only significantly It saves the cost of materials such as gas pipelines, and can reduce the manpower and material consumption of granary layout and carbon dioxide gas concentration detection. More importantly, it can also improve the accuracy and reliability of detection. Because the method of the present invention is to detect by extracting the gas in the grain pile, it is necessary to pump out the gas for a certain period of time to replace the gas retained in the pipeline for each detection, and the gas extracted in the grain pile must be supplemented by gas from other sources, which is dense. Arranging points for pumping detection will affect the gas composition at the monitoring level, reducing the sensitivity and reliability of monitoring.

(2) The early stage of insect mold activity in grain piles generally starts from a small area, and the carbon dioxide gas produced by its respiration also gradually diffuses from the growth site. There is no obvious difference in the diffusion in other directions. Therefore, the accurate location of the active part of insects and molds can be carried out by using the difference in the concentration of carbon dioxide gas in the grain pile. According to the biological characteristics of insect mold growth and the damage to stored grains in the initial stage of growth, the detection time interval of 5 days to 10 days will not affect the monitoring effect on the safety of stored grains. In order to carry out accurate positioning, it is very important to select positioning key points and relevant points. The present invention stipulates that the detection value of each monitoring point is compared with the previous detection value, and the selected detection value is greater than 1%, and the detection value is higher than the point. The part where the previous detection value is 0.2% larger, or the part where the concentration increment value of two carbon dioxide gas detections at the same monitoring point is greater than 0.5% is used as the key point for positioning. Because the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide is a sign that the fungus is active, it can effectively eliminate the change in the background concentration of carbon dioxide in the food itself. If there are many monitoring points that meet the positioning key point indicators, it indicates that insects and molds occur in multiple places. If the monitoring points that meet the positioning key point indicators appear in adjacent and connected parts, it indicates that insects and molds are more serious or have expanded to a larger area. The area involved in the initial stage of insect mold activity is relatively small, and the probability that the monitoring point is located at the key point of positioning is very low. It is also necessary to use the diffusion characteristics of carbon dioxide in the grain pile to perform multi-point positioning on the different impacts of the monitoring points around the active area. . The present invention adopts the position where the key point is adjacent and the concentration detection value increases by more than 0.1% compared with the previous detection as the positioning related point. If the range of change in concentration is less than this point, it means that the insect mold activity is far away from this point, and the carbon dioxide concentration at this point The value has no effect and is not weighted when targeting.

(3) Although the analysis of the detected values of carbon dioxide gas concentration at each monitoring point can show the area composed of the monitoring points where the fungus and fungus activities in the grain pile are, but because the area where the fungus and fungus are active in the early stage is small, compared with the larger The distance between the monitoring points is large, and the exact spatial coordinates cannot be determined. It is difficult to achieve the ideal treatment effect by using a common probe tube for grain storage to spray local insecticides or a single-pipe fan for local precipitation and mildew suppression. Farther away, the spread of pest activity areas or the water transfer phenomenon of the original high-moisture grains lead to more hidden dangers. Therefore, improving the accuracy of locating the pest and mildew hazard area directly affects the implementation effect of the grain storage process. According to the research on the diffusion of carbon dioxide gas in the grain pile, the present invention finds that the gas has consistency in the lateral diffusion of the grain pile, and the distance between the monitoring point and the active point of insect mold is inversely proportional to the measured carbon dioxide concentration, so the detected concentration value is used as the weight , using the method of moment calculation, it is very easy to determine the line on the grain surface and find the center of gravity of each connecting line, and then further determine the projection of the insect mold activity center on the grain surface, and find out the projection of the insect mold activity. Accurate insecticide or mold control treatment can be carried out on the grain surface to the space where it is located, so as to realize early and accurate prevention and control of stored grain insect mold activities.

Description of drawings

Figure 1: 32 m×24 m×6 m (length×width×height) granary monitoring point setting and one of the detection data (32 m×24 m×6 m (length×width×height) granary monitoring point setting and detection data One (the depth of the monitoring point is 3 m and 6 m, the upper part of the data in the figure is the 2 adjacent detection values of the 3 m monitoring point, and the lower part is the 2 adjacent detection values of the 6 m monitoring point; the data unit in the figure is: %) .

Figure 2: The location map of granary insect mold activity points and grain surface with one location key point and two location related points.

Figure 3: 32 m × 24 m × 6 m (length × width × height) granary monitoring point setting and detection data 2 (the depth of the monitoring point is 3 m and 6 m, the upper part of the data is 3 m adjacent to the monitoring point 2 The lower part is the detection value of two adjacent monitoring points at 6 m; the data unit in the figure is: %).

Figure 4: One positioning key point and three positioning related points. Grain area positioning map of insect mold activity points in granaries.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment (accompanying drawing):

Example 1: Insect and mold activity positioning 1 (one positioning key point, two positioning related points)

As shown in Figure 1, it is a plan view of insect mold activity monitoring settings for a 32 m×24 m×6 m (length×width×height) one-story warehouse. The height of the grain pile is 6 m, so there are two monitoring layers, each layer Set up 12 monitoring points, and the distribution is as follows: the distance between the monitoring points near the warehouse wall and the wall is 4 m, and the distance between monitoring points is 8 m; On the right, the upper data is the measured value of carbon dioxide concentration at the 3 m monitoring point (unit: %), and the lower data is the measured value of carbon dioxide concentration at the 6 m monitoring point (unit: %). Analyze the detected data, and compare the detection value of each monitoring point with the previous detection data. The monitoring points with a detection value greater than 1% are the lower layers of (4), (5) and (8), and compare the previous detection value The increase of more than 0.2% is the lower layer of the (5) monitoring point, which has increased by 1.21%; there are no other monitoring points where the carbon dioxide concentration has increased by 0.5% compared with the previous one, so only the (5) monitoring point can be used as a key point for positioning. Comparing the difference between the monitoring points adjacent to the (5) monitoring point and the previous detection value, the monitoring points with an increase value exceeding 0.1% are: the (4) monitoring point increased by 0.12%, and the (8) monitoring point increased by 0.18% %, and the increase in carbon dioxide detection values at other monitoring points was less than 0.1%. Take the (4) and (8) monitoring points as the positioning related points.

The positioning method is shown in Figure 2. Draw a line from the (5) monitoring point on the surface of the grain pile to the (4) and (8) monitoring points, and calculate the center of gravity of the connecting line with the weight of these 3 detection values. For example, it can be calculated that the distance between the center of gravity of the line connecting the (5) and (8) monitoring points and the (5) monitoring point is 8 m×1.85/(2.56+1.85)=3.36 m, and it can also be calculated that the ( 5) The distance between the center of gravity of the line connecting the monitoring point (4) and the monitoring point (5) is 2.71 m. Mark the two centers of gravity, and draw a line connecting the centers of gravity on the grain surface, and then use the carbon dioxide concentration detection values of the (4) and (8) monitoring points as weights to calculate the activity center of the insect mold on the grain surface. The coordinates of the projected part of , that is, located at the center of gravity of the line connecting the (5) and (8) monitoring points as the starting point, and the length is 41.2% of the position of the line connecting the centers of gravity. Since the insect mold activity point is in the lower layer, the specific insect mold activity site is in the cylindrical space 3 m below the projected part of the grain surface.

Example 2: Insect and mold activity positioning 2 (one positioning key point, three positioning related points)

Figure 3 is a plan view of the insect mold activity monitoring setup for a 32 m×24 m×6 m (length×width×height) bungalow. The height of the grain pile is 6 m, and two monitoring layers are also set up, with 12 monitoring points on each layer The distribution of points is as follows: the distance between the monitoring points near the warehouse wall is 4 m from the wall, and the distance between monitoring points is 8 m; the detection time interval is 7 days, and the obtained data are marked on the right side of each monitoring point in the figure, among which The upper data is the measured value of carbon dioxide concentration at the 3 m monitoring point (unit: %), and the lower data is the measured value of the carbon dioxide concentration at the 6 m monitoring point (unit: %). Analyze the detected data and compare the detection value of each monitoring point with the previous detection data. The monitoring points with a detection value greater than 1% are the lower layers of (8a) and (9a), and the detection value has increased by more than 0.2% compared with the previous detection value. The monitoring point is the lower layer of the (9a) monitoring point, which has increased by 0.63%, and there is no other monitoring point where the carbon dioxide concentration has increased by 0.5% compared with the previous one: so only the (9a) monitoring point can be used as a key point for positioning. Comparing the difference between the monitoring points adjacent to the (9a) monitoring point and the previous detection value, the monitoring points with an increase of more than 0.1% are: the (8a) monitoring point increased by 0.17%, and the (11a) monitoring point increased by 0.14% %, the (12a) monitoring point increased by 0.16%, and the carbon dioxide detection values of other monitoring points increased by less than 0.1%. Take the (8a), (11a) and (12a) monitoring points as the positioning related points.

The positioning method is shown in Figure 4. Draw lines from the (9a) monitoring point on the surface of the grain pile to the (8a), (11a) and (12a) monitoring points respectively, and calculate the weight of the three detection values For the center of gravity of the connecting line, for example, the distance between the center of gravity of the line connecting the monitoring points (9a) and (8a) and the monitoring point (9a) can be calculated as 8 m×1.15/(1.15+1.86)=3.01 m, Similarly, it can be calculated that the distance between the center of gravity of the line connecting the monitoring points (9a) and (11a) and the monitoring point (11a) is 7.57 m, and the distance between the center of gravity of the line connecting the monitoring points (9a) and (12a) ( 9a) The distance between the monitoring points is 2.64 m. Mark three center of gravity positions, connect adjacent center of gravity positions with a line, and draw a triangular area on the grain surface. The geometric center of gravity of the triangular area is the projection position of the insect mold activity center on the grain surface. The insect mold activity point is located in the lower layer of the grain pile, so the insect mold activity site of the granary is located in the cylindrical space 3 m below the projection of the grain surface.

Claims (1)

1. the method for entomophthora activity orientation during the grain of a silo foodstuff preservation is piled, it is characterized in that: the concrete measure of described method is as follows:

A, the density of carbon dioxide gas monitoring point is set in grain heap: the grain bin bottom monitor layer that at first at position beyond wall 1 m-4 m, in the bottom section of silo terrace 0 m-1 m, is consisted of by several density of carbon dioxide gas monitoring points with the row, column spacing setting of 4 m-8 m, arrange with the spacing every 2 m-3 m in the grain bulk height direction afterwards that each monitoring point quantity of one deck and grain bin bottom monitor layer equates, the corresponding monitor layer in position, and the top layer monitor layer is piled surface distance 〉=3 m apart from grain;

B, the detection of carrying out grain heap density of carbon dioxide gas and the arrangement of detected value: the density of carbon dioxide gas that carries out each monitoring point take 5 d-10 d as the cycle detects, each detected value of each monitoring point and a front detected value are compared, select detected value greater than 1%, and this detected value is put the position of a front detected value large 0.2% than this, or the concentration increment size that detects of twice carbon dioxide in same monitoring point greater than 0.5% position as the locator key point; Relatively same layer is put the density of carbon dioxide gas of adjacent monitoring point with each locator key, selects respectively a more front detected value and increases and surpass 0.1% position as locating reference point; If it is adjacent to reach the position of locator key point index, determine that the larger position of detected value or gas concentration lwevel increment size is the locator key point, all the other are the location reference point;

C, to the space orientation of entomophthora moving point: on the grain face centered by each locator key point, draw and the line of locating reference point, take each monitoring point density of carbon dioxide gas detected value as weight, according to the method for Calculating Torque during Rotary, the center of gravity position of each bar line of calculative determination; If it is adjacent that locator key point is not located reference point, locator key is selected and is the projection of entomophthora activity centre on the grain face; If the locator key point only has an adjacent positioned reference point to connect a line, then focus point namely is that the projection position on grain heap surface is selected in the entomophthora activity centre; If the locator key point has two lines of two location adjacent connections of reference point, then connect two focus points and make a new line, the weight calculation that recycles two the location reference point detected values center of gravity position of line that makes new advances is for select at the surperficial projection position of grain heap the entomophthora activity centre; 2 location reference points are adjacent to connect into many lines if locator key point surpasses, then line is made at adjacent center of gravity position, can form a zone at the grain face, this regional geometric center is in the grain heap the movable position of entomophthora correspondence at the projection position on grain heap surface; The area of space of entomophthora activity be arranged in the cylindricality zone of 3 meters of corresponding, tops, reference point plane of living in, location, the projection position of determining.

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