CN103322558A - High temperature particle trap and circulating fluidized bed boiler using same - Google Patents
High temperature particle trap and circulating fluidized bed boiler using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN103322558A CN103322558A CN 201210071518 CN201210071518A CN103322558A CN 103322558 A CN103322558 A CN 103322558A CN 201210071518 CN201210071518 CN 201210071518 CN 201210071518 A CN201210071518 A CN 201210071518A CN 103322558 A CN103322558 A CN 103322558A
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Abstract
The invention provides a high temperature particle trap and a circulating fluidized bed boiler using same, wherein boiler is designed with a particle trap capable of implementing gas-solid separation under a high temperature environment condition, and provides a high-efficiency and low-resistance particle capturing process. The boiler comprises the particle capturing mechanism composed of a gas-solid flow deflector and long-side long channel steel. Particles into a blocking strip go into a particle collection bin under negative pressure suction, and cannot return a flue collector. Separation efficiency is obviously close to 100%, and operation resistance is not substantially increased. The high temperature particle trap and the circulating fluidized bed boiler using same implement high-efficiency and low-resistance gas-solid separation in a high temperature process, makes a structure of the circulating fluidized bed boiler more compact, and solves a problem that a cyclone separator of the traditional circulating fluidized bed boiler has advantages of large operation resistance and high power consumption.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high temperature gas-solid separation field, a kind of high efficiency granule capturing process of lower resistance is provided, the high-temperature particle that is captured enters the localized area under the inducing of granule trap, realizes the efficient low-resistance gas solid separation process of high chilling process.The gas solid separation process that can be used for the fields such as chemical industry, power, metallurgy, environmental protection.
Background technology
China is the use state of maximum in the world CFBB.2010 the end of the year China had more than 3000 with the relevant CFBB of generating, the boiler heap(ed) capacity reaches 300MW.China's First also is that the first in the world platform 600MW CFBB has begun to build, and China will become the most perfect country of CFBB.
A CFBB and conventional power generation usage boiler huge difference structurally has been many flying dust closed circuit.This cover loop neither the burning needs, the needs that neither conduct heat only are employing all means available of taking in order to improve boiler performance.If do not adopt this cover loop, CFBB is just got back to so-called bubbling fluidized bed boiler, outside the aspect performances such as burning and desulfurization slightly descend, all has no significant effect at aspects such as boiler capacity, the method for operation, power plant's operations.Yet this cover only provides structure that boiler performance improves and but brings by a relatively large margin the personal electric consumption in power plant.Its reason is that the High Temperature Gas solid separation device forms very large power consumption, and this power consumption can only be born by boiler induced-draft fan.
Usually the high temperature gas solid separation of recirculating fluidized bed adopts cyclone separator.The difference of the cyclone separator of different manufacturers and research institution's design mainly is reflected in the aspects such as cross sectional shape, physical dimension, the type of cooling, structural texture and construction material, in order to reach higher separative efficiency, CFBB has been eliminated the simultaneously not high high-temperature separator of efficient of the so-called low-resistance such as louver separator, labyrinth separation device between period of expansion, almost without exception selection cyclone separator.This development course is hinting that industrial quarters accepted the technology reality of efficient high resistant.
The development course of Combustion technology of circulating fluidized shows, if can not get enough returning charges, arranges that how many heating surfaces all are difficult to obtain the boiler output of hope.Its reason is to get back to burner hearth through fly ash granule that high-temperature separator captures not only to have regulated the diabatic process that fire box temperature has also been strengthened furnace wall cooling, has significantly improved the steam production of boiler furnace.
For CFBB, effectively feed back the high-temperature particle of q.s, can guarantee that not only boiler furnace produces the saturated vapor of q.s, the caloric receptivity that has also determined to a certain extent the various heating surfaces of boiler (water-cooling wall, superheater, reheater etc.) distributes, and is the parameter that boiler operatiopn needs strict guarantee.From another perspective, flying dust feeds back the burn-off rate not only improved these flying dusts itself, and the boiler overall operation is also had minimizing fuel consumption indirectly-acting.Therefore, guarantee that high-temperature separator efficient becomes one of key factor that boiler design person at first considers, this also may be that manufacturer abandons other high-temperature separators and adopts the immediate cause of cyclone separator.
Yet the efficient of cyclone separator and running resistance are a pair of born paradox.Efficiently inevitable high resistant, the high isolation resistance that brings when satisfying boiler performance become resistance maximum in the boiler smoke passage and consist of.The data of acquisition are seen at present, and the cyclone separator resistance is between 1000～2000Pa.Design such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the cyclone separator resistance that the 200MW CFBB is selected is 2kPa (Sun Yunkai, designing and developing of 600t/h CFBB, first theoretical the 6th nd Annual Meeting collection of service collaboration net that exchange with technology academic conference and national power industry CFB machine set technology of Chinese CFBC, 2007. the Haikou), the cyclone separator resistance that the 135MW CFBB is selected is 1.5kPa (Bao Shaolin, design and the operation of Firing Shenhua Coal liquefaction private station 440t/h CFB boiler, first theoretical the 6th nd Annual Meeting collection of service collaboration net, 2007. Haikou of exchanging with technology academic conference and national power industry CFB machine set technology of Chinese CFBC); Under this pressure drop, (scope of design can select 18～35m/s) near the inlet gas speed of cyclone separator was chosen in 18m/s～20m/s.
Xi'an hot working research institute shows the measurement of certain power plant 135MW CFBB generating set, and the air-introduced machine actual power consumption reaches 2.657kWh/t, with the gap of air-introduced machine power consumption desired value 2.049kWh/t is-1.039kWh/t.This power plant air-introduced machine power consumption accounts for 0.7% (Wang Zhiwei, CFB unit running optimization systematic research exploitation and the application of SIS system in the CFB unit, CFBB coorporative network annual meeting ppt, 2007.5 Dalian).This is to confirm the result of cyclone separator under the rational prerequisite of CFBB use.Same measurement shows, this Station Service Electrical-Energy target 9.327%, and actual station service power consumption rate 12.984% causes the many 17.991g/kWh of gross coal consumption rate.Though power plant from electricity consumption what, be to guarantee boiler output, the cyclone separator running resistance can not change, so the absolute value of air-introduced machine power consumption can not change.
At present cyclone separator of circulating fluidized bed boiler pressure drop becomes the mechanism of Pressure Drop maximum in the flue gas flow between 1000～2000Pa, also be the key link that causes the air-introduced machine power consumption high.Table 1 has provided the related data of some existing intermediate size CFBBs.The data demonstration, the air-introduced machine power consumption is on thousands of kW orders of magnitude.
Table 1. CFBB air-introduced machine power consumption
| Boiler capacity | Flow | Voltage rise | Power of motor | The unit number of units |
| 50MW | 283000m 3/h | 850mmH 2O | 1410kW | 1 |
| |
2×279973m 3/h | 5634Pa | 1800× |
2 |
| 300MW | 340m 3/s | 7800Pa | 3600× |
2 |
From the boiler smoke flow process, the High Temperature Gas solid separator is not the requisite device of boiler, it neither the burning needs, the needs that neither conduct heat only are the mechanisms that improves boiler performance.Therefore, satisfying under the basic demand condition of boiler performance, the High Temperature Gas solid separator can be simple as much as possible, and simple result is the decline of flow of flue gas resistance and the air-introduced machine power consumption decline that causes thus.
If the high-temperature separator running resistance is reduced by 1000～1500Pa, can finish the separative efficiency that cyclone separator 1500～2000Pa resistance can be realized with the running resistance about 500Pa in other words, then the air-introduced machine pressure head can reduce greatly, and power savings is very outstanding.
Summary of the invention
The flue gas flow of CFBB is: burner hearth out High Temperature Gas solid two-phase carries out gas solid separation through cyclone separator, and the particle that is captured is got back to burner hearth by material-returning device, and flue gas is drawn into heated surface at the end of boiler by air-introduced machine.
The present invention has designed a kind of granule trap to realize effective low-resistance high temperature gas solid separation.Fig. 1 has provided the schematic diagram of the circulating fluid bed boiler structure that comprises the granule trap concept.The high-temperature flue gas that boiler hearth of circulating fluidized bed 1 burning produces carries a large amount of high-temperature particles and enters granule trap system 3 and carry out gas solid separation, and the flue gas after the separation enters in the boiler back end ductwork 2.
Granule trap is to form on the basis of labyrinth separation device.The test efficiency of labyrinth separation device can reach very high efficiency numerical value, but because ability is swept along and carried secretly to follow-up air-flow to the particle that has separated, has damaged the separation process of labyrinth separation device.The researcher has carried out a large amount of pilot studys to the labyrinth separation device, and the labyrinth blend stop goes out various ways by the channel-section steel shape evolution, such as ω type blend stop structure
Blend stop structure with the combination of heat-transfer area tube construction
Or
And the blend stop structure of German Essen university
Deng.The blend stop changes of section has been dominated the research of nearly all high low temperature labyrinth gas solid separation process.The main intention of these shape evolution is seemingly weakening lower stream of airflow upper air is being separated the effect of carrying secretly of particle, was not subjected to the impact of other air-flows or sweeps along before entering the particle collection space because the result of all changes attempts to produce particle.And the evolution of all these structures all to be the mechanical passage that the variation by the blend stop cross sectional shape causes a particle to fall realize.
Different from forefathers is that granule capturing part of the present invention no longer requires the blend stop cross section to change, and only is the channel-section steel that both sides lengthen in shape.Set up the passage that transports that captures the one-way movement of particle negative pressure channel formation particle in the inboard of channel-section steel.As long as particle enters this passage, under suction function, just revert to never again the possibility of boiler smoke passage, namely formed granule trap.Because granule trap need to keep continuous ability to work, be unlikely to because particle compiles the obstruction trap Induced mechanism of inducing movement of particles to be set in the granule trap downstream.Caused the negative pressure of granule trap inside by the low capacity air-introduced machine of a configurating filtered mechanism.Before the particle that enters granule trap will advance to negative pressure filtration mechanism before the air-introduced machine along negative pressure.When filter mechanism is descended by the particles filled granule trap negative pressure that causes, when granule trap ran out of steam, one wind blowback filter mechanism of taking from ad hoc back blowing machine or overfire air fan made its regeneration, recovered granule trap and began new round work.
Fig. 2 has provided granule trap gas-solid deflector structure figure.The gas-solid deflector is by introduction segment 1, and arc section 2 and derivation section 3 consist of.Formed the gas-solid passage between a plurality of gas-solid deflectors that vertical parallel is arranged.Form the negative pressure transport channel that particle can't return between gas-solid deflector and the channel-section steel, make the particle that become trapped in directly enter soot dust granule collection storehouse system, be i.e. the granule trap of a plurality of gas-solid deflectors of particular arrangement and channel steel shape blend stop formation.Fig. 3 has provided the concrete structure of granule trap.Gas-solid deflector 1 and long length of side channel-section steel 3 consist of the granule capturing mechanism of granule trap, form the negative pressure channel 2 of particle between the two.
Fig. 4 has provided the general layout of granule trap.Ash-laden gas 1 from furnace outlet passes through by becoming cleaning flue gases 13 behind the certain regularly arranged granule trap 2.The separated soot dust granule that gets off enters the soot dust granule collection storehouse 3 of granule trap.Soot dust granule and gas under 4 effects of small-power air-introduced machine in the particle collection storehouse are separated by grain bed 6, and gas out is transmitted back to boiler flue.The grain bed 6 of continuous operation a period of time can be blocked by soot dust granule, has been equipped with thus pulse cleaning mechanism.The soot dust granule that separates enters the dipleg standpipe 8 of CFBB through flue dust hopper 7.
When grain bed 6 is full of separated soot dust granule, utilize back blowing machine that it is regenerated.Small-sized air-introduced machine 12 and grain bed 10 replace grain bed 6 to form the granule trap system of next cycle work.At this moment, grain bed 6 can be regenerated for subsequent use under the back blowing machine effect.Grain bed 10 approaches uses grain bed 6 substitute particles beds 10 again when being filled, form the granule trap system of continuous operation, guarantees that CFBB moves continuously.
For preventing that the particle that deposits to hopper 7 from being taken away by air-introduced machine, be provided with the grey labyrinth 9 of gear and stop the particle that separates to enter grain bed 6 or grain bed 10.
Fig. 5 has provided the Working concepts of granule trap system.When using grain bed 5 work, grain bed 3 is in blowback or the state that quits work.Introductory note blower fan 7 forms negative pressure by the valve 2 (valve 1 is closed) of opening via 5 pairs of granule traps of grain bed 4.At this moment, back blowing machine 1 can carry out blowback to grain bed 3 by the valve 3 (valve 4 is closed) of opening.When grain bed 5 needed blowback, back blowing machine 1 valve-off 3 was opened valve 4, and 7 of introductory note blower fans are opened valve 2 valve-offs 1, formed grain bed 3 work, grain bed 5 reproduced state.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. can realize the efficient low-resistance operation.Granule trap has been inherited the low advantage of labyrinth separation device running resistance, utilizes granule trap to ensure gas solid separation efficient.Owing to having set up deflector at the channel steel shape blend stop, rigidity has been stipulated particle path.Adopted again small-sized air-introduced machine to cause negative pressure under all blend stops, all particles that enter blend stop enter particle Ji Cang under the attraction of negative pressure, get back to never again the chance of going in the flue collector.Simultaneously, deflector has destroyed regular troughs die blend stop lower stream of airflow upper air has been separated sweeping along and carrying secretly of particle, separative efficiency can be obviously to 100% close, and running resistance does not significantly increase because of the appearance of deflector.
2. make circulating fluid bed boiler structure compacter.Because the cyclone separator cross section is circular, its minimum feature size of taking up an area projected area is the diameter of separator.And the granule trap cross section is rectangular configuration, can keep the size identical with boiler width in the design.Usually the most effectively isolate now front 3～4 gear bars, therefore, the blend stop number adopts 10, and arrange should be about 1m with the distance that occupies on the inherent flow of flue gas direction, and the cyclone separator effective diameter is exactly 7～8m easily.
3. can decrease boiler induced-draft fan power consumption.Because the significant decline of High Temperature Gas solid separator pressure drop, the boiler draft acc power also will significantly descend.
Behind isolation resistance decline 1000Pa, for air-introduced machine, system head characteristics generation great variety, air-introduced machine is under the flow permanence condition, and air-introduced machine institute gas-distributing motor power significantly descends.Such as 50MW unit exhaust gas volumn～200000m3h-1, can select Y4-73-20D, air quantity 167130-320610m3h-1, pressure head 2392-3598, the gas-distributing motor 355kW of institute; 135MW unit exhaust gas volumn 280000m3h-1 can select Y4-73-20D, air quantity 167130-320610m3h-1, pressure head 2392-3598Pa, the gas-distributing motor 355kW of institute; (adopting 2 air-introduced machines) and corresponding boiler induced-draft fan institute gas-distributing motor energy conservation potential are at 1000～2000kW order of magnitude.
(the general industry and commerce in Hunan Province is with 0.968～1.05 yuan/kWh of the electrical network person of changing, and 1.01～1.09 yuan of net persons of changing/kWh), the electricity charge of operation of 1000kW motor year were not calculated as 7,000,000 yuan/year by 7000 hours in 1.0 yuan/kWh of present electricity price for industrial uses.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that comprises the circulating fluid bed boiler structure of granule trap concept.
Fig. 2 is granule trap gas-solid deflector structure.
Fig. 3 is the concrete structure of granule trap.
Fig. 4 is the general layout of granule trap.
Fig. 5 is the Working concepts of granule trap system.
Among Fig. 1: 1. boiler furnace 2. boiler back end ductworks 3. granule trap systems
Among Fig. 2: 1. gas-solid deflector introduction segment 2. arc sections 3. are derived section
Among Fig. 3: 1. gas-solid deflector 2. negative pressure channels 3. are grown length of side channel-section steels
Among Fig. 4: 1. 4. air-introduced machines, 5. cleaning flue gases, 6. grain beds, 7. hoppers, 8. dipleg standpipes 9. in ash-laden gas 2. granule traps 3. soot dust granule collection storehouses keep off grey labyrinth 10. grain beds, 11. cleaning flue gases, 12. back blowing machines, 13. cleaning flue gases
Among Fig. 5: 1. back blowing machine 2. material returning valves 3. grain beds 4. granule traps 5. grain beds 6. back-end ductworks 7. air-introduced machines
The specific embodiment
Boiler code:
Superheat steam flow 480t/h; Superheated steam pressure 13.73MPa; 540 ℃ of superheat steam temperatures; Reheated steam flow 390.52t/h; Reheated steam import/export pressure 2.86/2.68MPa; 316/540 ℃ of reheated steam import/export temperature; 248 ℃ of feed temperatures; 167 ℃ of feed temperatures; Boiler efficiency 88.7%;
The design fuel characteristic:
Car＝37.62％；Har＝2.30％；Oar＝11.56％；Nar＝0.61％；Sar＝0.23％；War＝8.04％；Aar＝39.64％；Vdaf＝43.60％；LHV＝13390KJ/Kg；B＝111.4t/h；dmax＝9mm，d50＝0.9mm
Boiler relative dimensions: furnace width 15240mm; Furnace depth 7492mm;
Granule trap blend stop size: bottom width a=150mm, the wide b=165mm of side, laterally relative intercept S1/a=2.4, vertically relative intercept S2/a=1.67;
Blend stop arrangement mode: 6 misarrangements row;
Deflector spacing: 100mm;
The deflector physical dimension: introduction segment 108mm, derive section 65mm, arc section radius 100mm, 60 ° of circular arc angles.
Blend stop material: heat resisting cast steel
Granule trap is along flue gas flow effective length: 1500mm;
Granule trap sectional dimension: the 15240mm * 1200mm that facings the wind
Fan Selection:
Air-introduced machine: Y5-47-4C, pressure head 990-1451Pa, flow 2750-5060, motor model Y100L-2,3kW
Back blowing machine: G9-26-4A, pressure head 3407-3852Pa, flow 2198-3215, motor model Y132S1-2,5.5kw.
Claims (7)
1. CFBB that uses the granule trap technology, it is characterized in that: boiler hearth of circulating fluidized bed high-temperature dust-containing flue gas out carries out gas solid separation when passing through granule trap, the high-temperature particle that separates returns burner hearth through the material-returning device of boiler, and flue gas enters heated surface at the end of boiler through behind the granule trap.
2. the CFBB of use granule trap technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: granule trap is made of high temperature gas-solid separating mechanism and particle collection storehouse system.
According to claim 1 with the CFBB of 2 described use granule trap technology, it is characterized in that: high temperature gas-solid separating mechanism by with the channel steel type blend stops of many row's deflectors as the granule capturing element, the granule capturing element consists of the high temperature gas-solid separating mechanism of granule trap by certain structural arrangement.
4. according to claim 1, the CFBB of 2 and 3 described use granule trap technology, it is characterized in that: the middle and lower part of particle collection storehouse system connects two particle filtering mechanisms, two particle filtering mechanism back connect a little air-introduced machine and a back blowing machine.By pipeline connecting fan and particle filtering mechanism, guarantee two filter mechanisms respectively in running order and blowback state or rest and reorganization state by valve, the particle of particle collection storehouse systematic collection returns burner hearth by the standpipe of boiler returning charge mechanism.
5. the CFBB of use granule trap technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the filter mechanism arranged beneath in the particle collection storehouse is inverted angle steel and is prevented that deposited particles is sucked in the particle filtering mechanism.
6. the CFBB of use granule trap technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the air-introduced machine of granule trap configuration causes the negative pressure running status of particle collection storehouse system, the particle that high temperature gas-solid its disengagement is got off under suction function from trend particle collection storehouse downstream advance.
7. the CFBB of use granule trap technology according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: particle filtering mechanism is made of high temperature resistance filtration material, can be the formations such as floccule of refractory material, ceramic material, refractory fibre, metal or metal oxide.
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| CN 201210071518 CN103322558A (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | High temperature particle trap and circulating fluidized bed boiler using same |
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| CN 201210071518 CN103322558A (en) | 2012-03-19 | 2012-03-19 | High temperature particle trap and circulating fluidized bed boiler using same |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108679603A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-10-19 | 刘学冰 | A kind of circulating fluidized bed boiler circulating ratio and grey balance regulator control system and method |
| CN110332528A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-10-15 | 江苏恒科新材料有限公司 | A kind of biomass circulating fluidized bed furnace |
-
2012
- 2012-03-19 CN CN 201210071518 patent/CN103322558A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108679603A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2018-10-19 | 刘学冰 | A kind of circulating fluidized bed boiler circulating ratio and grey balance regulator control system and method |
| CN110332528A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-10-15 | 江苏恒科新材料有限公司 | A kind of biomass circulating fluidized bed furnace |
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Application publication date: 20130925 |