CN1033123A - Thermostatic conductance universal effect element for mutual control - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of multi-functional Automation Elements, it relates to, and temperature, electricity are led, all class automatic fields of pressure, have three kinds of basic functions of temperature-conductance monocontrol, cross complaint and joint control.This function element is by the admittance state of 2-5 the electrode of decision on the insulated tube that expand with heat and contract with cold of conductive liquid in the insulated tube, with several automation signal of synchronous reaction or finish a plurality of automation functions simultaneously.

Description

Thermostatic conductance universal effect element for mutual control

The present invention relates to the multifunctional effect pipe of aspects such as a kind of automation control, security personnel, detection, particularly about the constant temperature definite value one circuit admittance of warm electric automation and the pipe unit that is broken as one control, promptly relate to the single control of temperature, electricity in the warm electric automation, temperature Electricity Federation control, temperature-electric cross complaint be the pipe unit of the functions such as automatic protecting of three kinds of basic functions and electrical equipment, instrument so.For the ease of calling title of the present invention, thermostatic conductance universal effect element for mutual control is called for short warm electrical effect pipe.

In the control of temperature-electric automation, especially on insulating box, drying box, this electric appliances equipment of refrigerator, the constant admittance or the disconnection with circuit of temperature adopt the automation mode of mechanical structure to carry out usually or the mode of other electronic building brick is finished.Wherein, the mechanical part that temperature is reacted is to be made of bimetal leaf or other various mechanical devices that react to expanding with heat and contract with cold, and their common ground is, all is to carry out at place, two contacts to the on-off action of circuit.This contact structure not only given constant temperature is difficult for measuring accurately and accurate control, but also the sensitivity that responds is low, and volume is big, and noise is arranged, and easily produces electric spark, and precious metal need be used in the contact, many deficiencies such as can not use in corrosive liquid.Thus, having limited this traditional automation mode uses in numerous environment such as corrosive liquid, inflammable liquid, explosion hazard gases, metallurgy.In order to overcome the deficiency of mechanical contact-type, also often adopt electronic installations such as thermocouple, thermistor to carry out the detection of warm electric automation, particularly current in the adjustment process of temperature control field and the cold and hot amount of constant temperature thereof, gradually Duo employing the automation of electronic computer (microcomputer) under helping control., these electronicallies still can not be resolved all deficiencies of above-mentioned automation control fully.For example, platinum-rhodium thermocouple can be worked in having than deep-etching liquid or the hot conditions below 1,600 ℃, yet it but can't directly realize three kinds of basic functions of warm electric automation control-want to realize just to need many electric elements to cooperate with it.

Temperature electrical effect pipe is to connect 2, electrode more than 3 or 3 with pipe is inline on the privileged site of the special tubulose of thermometer, and, facilitate constant temperature and electricity to lead so a kind of double action of cross complaint and other on-off action by the moving of the conducting liquid of sealing up for safekeeping in this insulated tube.As Fig. 1 a, b, c, d.Because the multiple on-off action of these electrodes in automation control, so this diode, triode down to the circuit feature of multi-electrode tube are, can be as required with the electric equipment more than 2 that requires the Control work state similarities and differences simultaneously or handle automated information more than 2 simultaneously, promptly the present invention is playing the switch control action of multiple function in circuit.Because this pipe unit can have different making shapes, can vacuum, antivacuum or both mixing in sealing, again so the feature of its thermostatic control point has many kinds of specifications of single value constant temperature, adjustable thermostatic two classes.All these characteristics of the present invention make it not only can replace other warm electric device, and can solve all weak points of those warm controller for electric consumption in the past, have opened up more wide practical field simultaneously again.

In a word, the objective of the invention is for a kind of function element is provided to automation, especially provide a kind of thermostatic control and circuit admittance and automation pipe unit that is broken as one of collecting with this element to warm electric automation, also provide a kind of safety effectiveness pipe simultaneously for instrument and automatic electronic aspect thereof.For example: its multi-function action can replace common fuse and can automatically connect circuit after repairing fault; It is connected with electric light (mainly being incandescent lamp), and it is excessive that its security personnel effect can prevent that lamp from playing when bright the moment impact electric current, to prolong the useful life of electric light.Be worth mentioning, the practical function in back is the same with the indicator light protector of panel's development that NASA once formed, China Guangxi inventor Zhou Shuyi also once invented this class protector, and the two all is an electronic installation, and deficiencies such as volume is big, consuming electric power is many are arranged.

The present invention can be divided into thermometer type Fig. 1 a according to shape in the pipe, straight pipe type Fig. 1 b, and dumbbell ball-type Fig. 1 c, V-type Fig. 1 d and other complicated type are multiple.Wherein, be better simply a kind of in the complicated type shown in Fig. 1 d.According to the present invention to given a certain temperature value or the given on-off effect that a certain temperature range took place, temperature electrical effect pipe is divided into single value constant temperature and adjustable value constant temperature two big classes again, wherein scalable is divided into gravity adjustable type Fig. 2 e again, three kinds of mechanical conditioning type Fig. 2 f and gravity-air pressure mixing adjustable type Fig. 2 g.Sometimes, preceding a kind of with a kind of not strict difference in back.All differences according to warm electrical effect pipe can also have many classification: by the temperature range that is suitable for, can rough segmentation be sub-zero cryotronl, and middle temperature pipe, high temperature pipe more than 800 ℃ and the pipe of the extra-high-speed temperature more than 2,000 ℃; Difference by the inner conductive tube fluent material can be divided into, mercury temperature electrical effect pipe, alkali metal pipe, the 3rd main group metal pipe, the 4th, the 5th main group metal pipe, silver pipe, zinc pipe or the like classification pipe.

Below, reaching the major function of the feasibility of correspondence with it from interior tube shape of the present invention, preface is introduced content of the present invention successively.

The thermometer type of Fig. 1 a is fairly simple a kind of temperature electrical effect pipe, and insulated tube (3) wooden tablets or slips for writing lettuce is closely questioned and hate the reel silk from cocoons bones of the body) constituted a common thermometer.One end of liquid bubble chamber (5) touches liquid electrode (2), the other end (6) has switch electrode (1), the top indicated scale (4) of switch electrode in pipe is exactly the scale value point that switching effect takes place, and also can be called constant temperature point or constant temperature point etc. according to the difference of use occasion.Before entering operating state, a region of no pressure (6) is arranged in the pipe; After entering operating state, the temperature of operational environment raises inner conductive tube liquid is risen along (6), as long as the mobile constant temperature point (4) that meets and exceeds of conductive liquid just can make electrode (1) and (2) conducting, thereby drive the electric equipment that is subjected to (1), (2) control.Shown in Fig. 1 a, the constant temperature point of this temperature electrical effect pipe be higher than normal temperature maybe need the conductive liquid that expands with heat and contract with cold to heat up could the display switch effect, so be the warm electrical effect pipe of heating type; If switch electrode (1) inserts the position of (7) or insert the 3rd electrode in addition at this position, it is contacted with inner conductive tube liquid in normal temperature (room temperature) or before the operating state, at this moment constant temperature point is lower than normal temperature maybe needs cooling ability display switch effect, so be cooling type temperature electrical effect pipe.The differentiation of-heating type and cooling type is not absolute, and is then just in time opposite with above-mentioned point-score for the conductive liquid of pyrocondensation cold expanding material, and (4) just transfer cooling constant temperature point to by intensification constant temperature point like this.In practice, if the drive of heating type temperature electrical effect pipe is a refrigerator, they are in together again in the system of being heated, and then can make this system automatically keep constant temperature; In like manner, control be a pyrogenicity device, they are in together again in the system of catching a cold, and also can make this system automatically keep constant temperature.Cooling type temperature electrical effect pipe also can reach the effect same of heating type.If locate to have added a switch electrode in (7), the triode of so this automatic control just has the dual-use function of heating type and cooling type simultaneously, drives indoor air conditioner if let it be again, then can form a kind of thermostatically controlled fully automatic working system.

The straight pipe type of Fig. 1 b is the simplest a kind of temperature electrical effect pipe, and it is similar to the structure of thermometer type, constitutes a thermometer by insulated tube (8) and conductive liquid (9).The warm electrical effect pipe of this straight pipe type is not as the meter temperature precision height of thermometer type, but the automation reaction is fast, makes fairly simple.In order to increase the sensitivity of this pipe, can replace with a coefficient of expansion metal cap little or the pyrocondensation cold expanding (10) at its lower end; In addition, this pipe equally can to the thermometer type make triode like that, and heating type and two kinds of functions of cooling type are arranged also.Because the construction features of this pipe, it generally can not use under handstand state, otherwise allows the switch electrode exchange and change its original constant temperature point-with touching the liquid electrode easily, need two independently during constant temperature point, and this is again an advantage.

The dumbbell ball-type of Fig. 1 c is a kind of complicated warm electrical effect pipe, it by bubble chamber (11) and last bubble chamber (12) down so two bubble chambers be communicated with formations.It has 3 electrodes: switch electrode (13), resistance trimming electrode (14) and touch liquid electrode (15).Vacuum (16) is the part of bubble chamber (12).This pipe promptly has the function of heating type and the function of cooling type, also has the resistance trimming function, so it possesses the thermometer type with outside described those purposes of straight pipe type, still prevents the excessive security personnel's pipe of impulse current when electric light is open-minded.Electrode (13) is attached to as an electrode with (15), and electrode (14) is again as another electrode, and the security personnel that just can play lamp like this after it and incandescent lamp are together in series act on.Security personnel's principle is such: when circuit rigidly connects when logical, the filament resistance is less, and two bubble chamber communicating pipes (17) between (14) and (15) electrode are narrower, conductive liquid is again the bigger liquid metals such as mercury of resistivity, therefore formed a dropping resistor bigger than filament, so the moment when connecting, the impulse current of whole series circuit is reduced; When the electric lamp filament heated resistance increases, (14) resistance with (15) formation has also produced (perhaps faster) intensification, the expansion of conductive liquid as a result allow (14) and (13) electrode conduction-Yin (13) and (14) at same bubble chamber at a distance of nearer, conductive cross-sectional area is big again, so the resistance behind the admittance becomes very little.This in a word security personnel's pipe makes (13) and (14) be in the admittance state at the normal electric energy that only consumes when luminous seldom of electric light with the appropriate volume expansion of keeping conductive liquid.

The v-shaped tube of Fig. 1 d is to be easier to the warm electrical effect pipe manufactured in the complicated type, and generally it is two straight tube connected components, has three electrodes at least, touches liquid electrode (18), two ends switch electrode (19) and (20) in the middle of promptly.The function that top two parts (21) and (22) can need be used according to reality in the pipe, be respectively vacuum to low pressure or low pressure to hyperbar, thereby also can be symmetrical heating type pipe or the asymmetrical intensification pipe that vacuum, low pressure or hyperbar-this cross over pipe has formed mutual restriction jointly.In addition, can also function according to the actual requirements locate to insert electrode, perhaps two straight pipe types be made into other polytype in (23) and (24).As Fig. 2 g, the dumbbell bulb of two connections has been formed a kind of electric manifold effect pipe of dual temperature that temperature rise temperature drop function is promptly arranged, the in parallel of resistance trimming function arranged or connect again, promptly can constitute one group than Fig. 1 c pipe power consumption still less two-way security personnel pipe or be connected into voltage difference and fall pipe, to satisfy complicated multi-functional needs.This pipe can be according to shown in the coordinate of Fig. 2 g, along initial point clockwise or be rotated counterclockwise, with the effect that the relies on gravity constant temperature point of by-pass cock electrode (19) and (20) among a small circle, if (23) and (24) so two electrodes are arranged, the while has also been regulated their constant temperature point.

Fig. 2 e and f are the two kinds of warm electrical effect pipes that can regulate constant temperature point, and they can be diode, triode or multi-electrode tube.Below, emphasis illustrates its regulating action around diode.

Fig. 2 e adjustable type temperature electrical effect pipe can be the thermometer type, dumbbell ball-type or straight pipe type, and their sensitivity is generally preceding successively higher than the back.The switch electrode of this pipe (30) is identical with the switch electrode of Fig. 1 b, c, and just the prosperous spiral Fu of Yong Huan of other end Mian shakes 5), (25) can be vacuum or ultralow pressure with space, (26) two place.When this pipe was erect, elastic membrane (27) was subjected to the just downward camber arch of gravitative pressure of conductive liquid, and the constant temperature point of switch electrode (29) is improved relatively; When pipe level or handstand, it is curved that elastic membrane (27) oppositely deviates from aneroid bubble chamber (25) arch, and constant temperature point reduces again relatively.Like this, just, played the effect of in 90 °-180 ° rotating range, regulating constant temperature point.In order to adapt to the bending of elastic membrane, electrode (28) has a bit of spring (29) in (25).Be made into the strong metal cap of thermal conductivity if this termination portion resembles Fig. 1 b-(10), then can omit (29) little spring, so also be convenient to the bigger electric current of load.

Fig. 2 f is a kind of warm electrical effect pipe that can regulate constant temperature point on a large scale.It has a circular metal adjuster (31) that resembles the accordion bellows, be connected on this adjuster and touch liquid electrode (32) and pointer (33), and its other end of scale (34) of adjustable extent arranged in pointer one side, the conductive liquid recreation room (35) that vacuum or low-voltage space are arranged, and switch electrode (36) is also at this end; The stage casing also has a resistance trimming electrode (37).Whole adjusting be under the effect of external machinery or the outside is produced the pressure F of mechanism or tensile force f ' promotion under, finish flexible (31), also can finish by alternate manner.Based on what introduce here, Fig. 2 f can be with reference to the different electrode modes of above-mentioned Fig. 1, develop out various multi-functional adjustable type temperature electrical effect pipes-as have fusing function and can get rid of the back protective tube of recovery access function automatically in fault again, and pressure mensuration is managed.

The present invention is a kind of very wide automation function element in field that relates to, and particularly relates to widely the aspects such as temperature control field, electronic applications, therefore is difficult to compared with prior art point out one by one its advantage again. But, good effect of the present invention is apparent: can improve, simplify the high-level system automatic control level of the especially warm electric automation of automation, and provide an automation function element applied widely for electrical network, electronic circuit and electrical equipment. Below, the order of pressing Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 exemplifies the present invention and compares the advantage that has with more existing technology.

Fig. 1 a or Fig. 1 b if the metal electrode (such as (1,2,7)) of such triode is coated high strength insulating varniss, then can be placed directly in the soup of corrosion ongoing course of reaction is given automatic thermostatic control. For example: the developing process of film copy or the flushing of civilian colour film, its high temperature need to carry out under 37.8 ± 0.3 ℃ temperature conditions fast, if adopt temperature electrical effect triode of the present invention, will than present common thermometer show with the artificially controlling temperature operation combine or platinum-rhodium thermocouple to measure this class working method that combines with the microcomputer automatic regulation and control better. After all, warm electrical effect pipe is unified this temperature measurement together simply with the mutual control of automatic constant temperature, and is therefore strict than the former artificially controlling temperature, cheaper than latter's microcomputer temperature control economy.

Fig. 1 c pipe is in aforementioned security personnel's effect of having mentioned it, and this security personnel's pipe is compared with other more superior point, and it is that it is little therefore to manufacture Yi Dayi by the protection function finished of element independently.Even, can produce the small like that security personnel's pipe of capillary for superminiature element such as the chip of computer or silico briquette, or produce large size security personnel pipe for high-power electric appliances such as super large horsepower motor.

Fig. 1 d pipe is owing to there are two to connect each other and interactive constant temperature point, i.e. electrode (19) and (20) top end in pipe, so its control to two warm spots that can replace the many elements of many purposes need just can reach.For example: some country for energy savings formulated summer indoor air-conditioner temperature standard and winter indoor air-conditioner temperature standard, the normal constant temperature of stores keeping and dangerous warning temperature, twice thermostatic process of chemical reaction, the normal working temperature of nuclear power station and precarious position temperature, thermostatic control of two chambers of the refrigerator-freezer of refrigerator and storage cabinet or the like.

Fig. 2 e pipe has a not too big adjusting constant temperature point range, can be used on the household electrical appliance such as adjusting of baking temperature of refrigeration grade, baking box of refrigerator, can also be used in drying box, the water-bath of chemical analysis chamber, the incubator of biotron, aspects such as agricultural greenhouse.Its advantage has not only been simplified original temperature regulating device, but also has brought other benefit.For example, Japan's " Toshiba " refrigerator specification caveat: under the indoor situation that gas leak arranged, careful anti-use refrigeration adjuster is in case electric spark sets off an explosion.If adopt the 2e pipe to make such adjuster, just not having electric spark causes danger, and this electrical equipment that those nothings are smelt tasteless explosive atmosphere just more has real value.

Fig. 2 f pipe is flexible because of bellows-type (31), and the scope that it can regulate constant temperature point is bigger, therefore not only can be used in the circuit insurance of having said, can also be used in the automation aspect of family cooking, aspects such as industrial production, space technology.Because the inside and outside pressure difference of the flexible and pipe of (31) is relevant, can also uses its and measure air pressure or waterpower pressure again, serve as multi-functional automation detecting element-be used for submarine deep diving degree to control or detecting element the water level monitoring of dam and warning automatically.

Best implementation of the present invention has so three main contents of conductive liquid, insulated tube and electrode aspect material.One, the selection of conductive liquid: low temperature below 0 ℃ and normal temperature mercury, in warm available mercury, but how with alkali metal or other low-temperature eutectic crystallization, high temperature is with the metal of the 3rd main group to the five main groups more than 800 ℃, 2, extra-high-speed temperature more than 000 ℃ select for use the 6  ⒕  difficulty of falling taro ≡ scars such as the metal droughts stern in the group of the lanthanides plunder Yin N plunder vexed bloated ú A Щ Qi storehouse assorted A В  shape plunder lemon  ⒉ A В clamor plunder manganese be stained with stop herd uncommon  thoroughfare clamor ovum ∮ fawn on hold ┠ clamor thoroughly the difficult ≡ scar drought of high post  rank an ancient spear H  ⒌ Ke stern plunder shin shape plunder looks all of a sudden the fast Zheng of supper frame ㈩ clamor and plunder the wonderful  of choosing and catch the Lu dental caries  thoroughfare wonderful scrupulously and respectfully ⑽ of ovum ∮ Tong  that clamors and get 4 when sending 38 ℃ of fried twisted dough sticks barium tops, conductive liquid can be selected the eutectic crystallization conducting liquid of mercury for use.

Aspect purposes, the thermometer type of Fig. 1 a is preferably used in the automation control of accurate electrical equipment, because it has a thinner capillary (6) and the vacuole chamber (5) than the big manyfold of diameter, this has determined that it is very responsive to the variations in temperature of expanding with heat and contract with cold, and the section admittance electric weight of (6) is less.Fig. 1 b is suitable for common automation needs most, because it is to the little sensitivity of expanding with heat and contract with cold in managing, pipe is convenient to make but the moving resistance of conductive liquid is little.Fig. 1 c is except that the purposes that can be used as above-mentioned a, b pipe, also be best suited for security personnel's pipe, as long as with the design of switch electrode (13) and resistance trimming electrode (14) in same vacuum bubble chamber (16) again at a distance of nearer, like this (13) and symmetrical section that (14) obtain bigger conductance current easily long-pending-Fig. 1 a, b pipe but is difficult to accomplish.Fig. 1 d is preferably used in and controls two warm electrical effects that are associated simultaneously, and this narrated in front; Yet, consider different relevances, when the air pressure of (21) and (22) has than big-difference, be preferably made the two dumbbell ball-types of Fig. 2 g, (21) are difficult for becoming to balance with the pressure reduction of (22) when ending long-term use to protect.Fig. 2 e is best suited for the automation control of household appliances or the automation control of explosive environments.The most suitable purposes of Fig. 2 f is wider, and this had done explanation in front.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of multifunctional element that is used for automation, the pipe unit in particular for a warm electric automation is characterized in that:

A. be sealed with electric conductor [5] in the insulated tube [3],

B., two [1] and [2], 3 [13,14,15] or the electrode more than 3 [18,19,20,23,24] are arranged on the insulated tube,

C. manage inner wire [5] and constitute a switching circuit the energy changing sensitivity with pipe top electrode [1] and [2].

2, according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that under the temperature conditions that uses, the conductor that is in liquid condition in the heatproof insulated tube has bigger expanding with heat and contract with cold or pyrocondensation cold expanding effect because of variations in temperature or electric current admittance with respect to tubing, result and electrode have constituted a switching circuit that is subjected to heat energy or affecting power, and this switching circuit also can transmit influenced because of the accordion bellows type pressure of (31) for the f pipe.

3, according to the described device of claim 2, it is characterized in that low-melting metal with liquid mode vacuum seal or specific pressurized seal in the pipe that exotic materials such as glass, quartz glass, pottery are manufactured, and the non-benign reaction does not take place with electrode in the major part-liquid metal of switching circuit.

4, according to the described device of claim 3, it is characterized in that metal by mercury, alkali metal, lanthanide series metal, the 3rd main group to the five main group metals, first subgroup and second subgroup serves as the fluid conductors in the pipe in the serviceability temperature scope, and forms the influence that the specific air pressure of managing interior required specific air pressure-f pipe also will be subjected to the outside induction air pressure of round (31) with rare (inert) gas by the steam of these metals.

5, according to claim 1 and the described device of claim 2, the multifunction switch circuit that it is characterized in that automation is subjected to the influence of heat energy and electric energy, make conducting liquid (7) locate to do interior can the variation of expanding or shrinking in (4), the constant temperature point that the result locates to form in (4) (constant temperature point) has indicated the on-off function of switching circuit and getting in touch of variations in temperature, and promptly this switching circuit can be realized three kinds of basic effect of temperature-conductance monocontrol, cross complaint and joint control.

6, according to the described device of claim 5, it is characterized in that the constant temperature point has constant minute a, b, c temperature electrical effect pipe and constant temperature point have adjustable d, e, f temperature electrical effect pipe-c, d, f is the cooling doublet type that heats up, a, b is if two electrodes of e then have only heating type or cooling type.

7, according to the described device of claim 6, it is characterized in that to lean on gravity-gas pressure to regulate the d of constant temperature point among a small circle, the e pipe, can lean on mechanism to regulate a f pipe and a b pipe of warm spot in a big way by gravity reversal's effect, wherein d is two interactive constant temperature points, e is a constant temperature point, and b is two independently constant temperature points.

8,, it is characterized in that having outside three kinds of basic functions of the automatic control of temperature electricity according to claim 6 and the described device of claim 7.C has security personnel's pipe function, d has the multiple merit special bags of willow branches, framed by bamboo, for building dykes FY to the bridge formation of two circuit serial or parallel connections that influence each other to have by elastic membrane (27) gravity type fine adjustment function with ultralow pressure vacuum chamber (26) and (25) common decision, and f has (31) to be subjected to full-automatic protective tube function and the air pressure measuring ability of external force effect with (35) chamber booster action.

9,, it is characterized in that looking the interior shape of pipe and can be divided into thermometer type a pipe, straight pipe type b pipe, dumbbell ball-type c pipe, V-type d pipe and other complexity according to described device of claim 1 and claim 8 defined.

10, according to claim 1-(b) bar feature and claim 3 defined, no matter its feature is to touch liquid electrode (2,15,18,28,32), or switch electrode (1,13,19,20,30,36) and resistance trimming electrode (14,23,24,37) all use stainless steel, titanium steel is done the pipe electrode of low temperature and middle temperature, use titanium, platinum is done the high temperature pipe electrode, use tantalum, tungsten, stable refractory metal such as rhenium is done extra-high-speed temperature pipe electrode, and these electrodes and mercury, alkali metal, the first subgroup metal, the second subgroup metal, chemical reaction or eutectic crystallization reaction do not take place in metallic conduction liquid such as the 3rd main group to the five main groups.