CN103302861A - Preparation method of polymethyl methacrylate based cell gradient material - Google Patents
Preparation method of polymethyl methacrylate based cell gradient material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a polymethyl methacrylate based cell gradient material. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: laminating, heating and softening the polymethyl methacrylate based nanometer composite material which comprises a carbon nono-tubes (CNTs) filling or an Argentine nanometer particle (Ag) filling, melting and hot-pressing the treated material to obtain a gradient composite material, adding the gradient composite material into a supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, and carrying out quick release foaming, wherein the foaming process comprises the following steps of: adding the gradient composite material into a high-pressure kettle, filling the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid into the kettle, adjusting the pressure of the fluid to 7.5-20MPa and the temperature to 50-140 DEG C, maintaining the pressure for 6-10 hours, turning on a pressure release valve to fast release the pressure to normal pressure, and cooling the resulting material to room temperature after 10-180 seconds to obtain the cell gradient material. As for the material prepared by using the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the cell diameter is controlled at micron dimension, the volume density is small, the cell density can be designed and controlled, the mechanical strength and the size stability are good, and therefore the material has wide application prospect in the fields of space flight and aviation, electronic packaging, building construction and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to functionally gradient material (FGM), particularly adopt the supercritical carbon dioxide foaming technology to prepare the PMMA(polymethyl methacrylate) basic abscess functionally gradient material (FGM), its cell diameter can be controlled at micron dimension, and bulk density is little, and cell density can design and control.
Background technology
Functionally gradient material (FGM) is in order to adapt to new material at the needs of high-tech sector, satisfy a kind of advanced composite material (ACM) that constantly repeatedly works and develop under extreme environment.Its Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes through-thickness changes in gradient, so the performance of material also changes in gradient.Because it has higher mechanical strength, heat shock resistance, the high temperature resistant performance that waits excellence has just caused countries in the world researchers' great attention and it has been launched research once proposition.For example in those early years study hotter Ti/Al
2O
3Functionally gradient material (FGM) is to adopt certain gradient complex technique to hold continuous transition to pure ceramic Al from simple metal Ti material
2O
3End, the good characteristic that makes material both have metal Ti has again Al
2O
3Good heat-resisting, heat insulation, the high-strength and high-temperature oxidation resistance of pottery, simultaneously because the continuous variation of inter-level, eliminated the macroscopic interface in the material, integral material shows good thermal stress relaxation properties, make it under the severe rugged environment conditions such as superhigh temperature, the large temperature difference, the impact of high speed hot-fluid, to use, be expected to be used as the fuselage, Inner Wall of Combustion Chamber etc. of space shuttle of new generation and turbogenerator, high-efficiency gas turbine etc. the superhigh temperature heat proof material is provided.
For the functionally gradient material (FGM) of different systems, worked out multiple preparation method, such as chemical vapour deposition technique, powder metallurgic method, plasma spraying method, self-propagating combustion high-temperature synthesis, LASER HEATING synthetic method, particle co-electrodeposition method etc.For low-density foamed material, usually adopt bonding method to prepare the gradient foam with laminated construction.But foamed material easily is corroded, and therefore this method is very high to the requirement of bonding agent.In addition, bonding interface can cause the existence of fine and close adhesive linkage, and the gradient-structure of foam can be destroyed.When in bonding process, exerting pressure, also can the thin-wall construction of foam be destroyed to some extent, thus the foam gradient of impact design.
The supercritical fluid foaming technique is to adopt supercritical fluid as a kind of physical foaming method of blowing agent, and the critical-temperature temperature of carbon dioxide is 31.1 ℃, and critical pressure is 7.38MPa, and experiment condition is gentle, therefore often is selected as blowing agent.Supercritical carbon dioxide adsorbs saturated under certain temperature and pressure in polymer, make carbon dioxide reach the thermodynamic instability state by quick pressure releasing again, induce gas nuclear in polymeric matrix, to form microcellular structure, and reduce the temperature to rapidly below the glass transition temperature of polymeric matrix, obtain having the foamed material of microcellular structure.Compare with traditional chemical foaming technology, the prepared foamed material of this method has less abscess-size and the cell density of Geng Gao, therefore has higher specific strength and dimensional stability.Successfully develop polypropylene (PP), styrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE) etc. as the fine-celled foam of matrix with the method at present.
For the supercritical fluid foaming technique, it satisfies the nucleating growth theory, and the degree of supercooling (temperature difference) the when degree of supersaturation the when nucleation process of its abscess and pressure release (pressure reduction), foaming, gas diffusion concentration, nucleating point etc. are all closely related.In our research, find, after evenly spreading in the polymeric matrix by certain method nano particle, can prepare polymer based nanocomposites, with this nano composite material foaming constantly, nano particle in the polymeric matrix can be used as the heterogeneous nucleation agent, heterogeneous nucleating effect is high more a lot of than homogeneous nucleation functioning efficiency, and therefore the composite after the foaming has higher cell density and lower abscess-size.Simultaneously, different nano particles is different to the heterogeneous nucleation efficient of polymer, and for example, CNTs is better to the heterogeneous nucleating effect of PMMA matrix, and the Ag nano particle is relatively poor to the heterogeneous nucleating effect of PMMA matrix.The bonding problem of foam is the preparation difficult problem of gradient foam always, and we are pressed onto different composite melting heats together, then by the foaming of supercritical carbon dioxide foaming technology, can prepare the abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) without adhesive linkage.
Domestic and international patent is shown from the new result of looking into of document: also do not adopt the different composite of melting hot pressing to prepare the literature research report of the abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) of adhesive-free at present.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method of PMMA base abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) is provided, the character such as this material has that density is low, cell density is high, dimensionally stable, pattern are controlled, and this abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) does not use bonding agent, and the cell density of every one deck can design and control.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem employing is: the polymethyl methacrylate base nano composite material lamination that will contain CNT CNTs or Nano silver grain Ag filler, after the thermoplastic, melting heat is pressed into gradient composites, again gradient composites is put into supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, the quick pressure releasing foaming.Foam process is: after gradient composites is put into autoclave, inject supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, the pressure of regulating this fluid is 7.5～20MPa, temperature is 50～140 ℃, behind pressurize 6～10h, turn on the relief valve quick pressure releasing to normal pressure, be cooled to room temperature behind 10s～180s, obtain polymethyl methacrylate base abscess functionally gradient material (FGM).
The molecular weight of described polymethyl methacrylate can be 10000～300000.
Described CNT CNTs or Nano silver grain Ag filler, the content of filler in polymer can be 0.5wt.%～6wt.%.
Described melting hot pressing, refer to different nano composite materials and polymethyl methacrylate sheet lamination, after hot pressing is softening, form the gradient composites that whole piece does not contain bonding agent, hot pressing temperature can be 170～210 ℃, and hot pressing time can be 15～30min.
The thickness of described gradient composites can be 0.2～2mm.
The present invention compared with prior art has advantages of following main:
1) the present invention adopts the supercritical fluid foaming technique to prepare a kind of abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) of articulamentum homogeneous, and prepared abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) do not use bonding agent, therefore can reduce production costs and is beneficial to environmental protection.
2) technique of the present invention is simple, has stronger designability and operability.
3) compare with traditional preparation method, the cell diameter of the abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) that the present invention is prepared little (2～10 μ m), cell density is high by (1.4 * 10
8～5 * 10
11Cells/cm
3), good stability of the dimension.
4) the prepared abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) of the present invention has the characteristics of high-strength light, and its density is 0.17～0.68g/cm
3, compressive strength can reach 10～30MPa.
5) practical: as owing to having higher mechanical strength and dimensional stability preferably, can to have wide practical use in fields such as space flight and aviation, Electronic Packaging, building manufacturings.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is pure PMMA, 0.5wt.%Ag/PMMA, the microstructure of abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) under 95 ℃/20MPa of the 0.5wt.%CNTs/PMMA composite condition.
Fig. 2 is pure PMMA, 0.5wt.%Ag/PMMA, the microstructure of abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) under 50 ℃/12MPa of the 1wt.%Ag/PMMA composite condition.
Fig. 3 is pure PMMA, 1wt.%Ag/PMMA, the microstructure of abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) under 65 ℃/7.5MPa of the 1wt.%CNTs/PMMA composite condition.
Fig. 4 is pure PMMA, 1wt.%Ag/PMMA, the microstructure of abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) under 80 ℃/16MPa of the 6wt.%Ag/PMMA composite condition.
Fig. 5 is pure PMMA, 2.5wt.%Ag/PMMA, the microstructure of abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) under 65 ℃/20MPa of the 6wt.%CNTs/PMMA composite condition.
Fig. 6 is the preparation flow schematic diagram of polymethyl methacrylate base abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention prepares the abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) take polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymeric material as research object, referring to Fig. 6, specifically: adopt ultrasonic dispersion with Freeze Drying Technique different nano particles to be evenly spread in the PMMA matrix, prepare different nano composite materials.With different nano composite material laminations, use hot press to be hot pressed into gradient composites at 150 ℃～210 ℃ again.The gradient composites that is hot-pressed onto together is placed in the autoclave, by syringe pump high-pressure carbon dioxide is injected in the autoclave, pressure is controlled to be 7.5～20MPa, temperature is controlled to be 50～140 ℃, heat-insulation pressure keeping 6～10h, make carbon dioxide fully absorption in gradient composites, turn at last the relief valve quick pressure releasing to normal pressure, be cooled to room temperature behind 10s～180s.Because the nucleation efficient of different nano composite materials is different, after quick pressure releasing, the heterogeneous nucleating effect of the CNTs in CNT (CNTs)/PMMA nano composite material is better, and the abscess-size after the foaming is minimum, and cell density is the highest.And pure PMMA is homogeneous nucleation, and the abscess-size after the foaming is maximum, and cell density is minimum.By controlling bonding order and the foaming condition of different nano composite materials, can prepare the abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) with continuous structure.Adopt field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) to observe the microstructure of abscess functionally gradient material (FGM).
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but do not limit the present invention.
Instantiation 1:
1. Nano silver grain and the 0.5wt.% even carbon nanotube with 0.5wt.% is distributed in the PMMA matrix, prepares Ag/PMMA and CNTs/PMMA nano composite material.
2. with CNTs/PMMA, Ag/PMMA and pure PMMA sheet lamination, melting heat is pressed into gradient composites under 210 ℃ of conditions.
3. the gradient composites for preparing is placed in the autoclave, pass into a small amount of carbon dioxide purge 3min, then autoclave is warming up to 95 ℃, use afterwards the piston pump injecting carbon dioxide to reach 20MPa, the saturated 6h of constant temperature and pressure obtains the saturated gradient composites of carbon dioxide absorption.
4. turn on fast relief valve pressure is let out to normal pressure, remove heater behind the 60s, autoclave is put into mixture of ice and water cool off, obtain described abscess functionally gradient material (FGM).
The foam structure of this abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) can obtain preferably abscess gradient-structure as shown in Figure 1.This functionally gradient material (FGM) upper strata is pure PMMA foam, and this layer foam is that the foaming of PMMA homogeneous nucleation comes, and nucleating point is less, and resulting abscess-size is larger, and cell density is 5.18 * 10
8Cells/cm
3The intermediate layer is the Ag/PMMA foam of 0.5wt.%, and the heterogeneous nucleating effect of Uniform Dispersion Nano silver grain increases the cell density of foam, has reached 7.67 * 10
9Cells/cm
3, lower floor is the CNTs/PMMA foam of 0.5wt.%, and CNTs is a kind of good heterogeneous nucleation agent, and nucleation efficient is very high, so that the cell density of foam reaches 1.47 * 10
11Cells/cm
3, improved 3 orders of magnitude than pure PMMA foam.The cell density of this foam is graded from top to bottom, connects closely.
Instantiation 2:
1. Nano silver grain and the 1wt.% Nano silver grain art with 0.5wt.% evenly spreads in the PMMA matrix, prepares the Ag/PMMA nano composite material of different content.
2. with 0.5wt%Ag/PMMA, 1wt.%Ag/PMMA and pure PMMA sheet lamination, melting heat is pressed into gradient composites under 210 ℃ of conditions.
3. the gradient composites for preparing is placed in the autoclave, pass into a small amount of carbon dioxide purge 3min, then autoclave is warming up to 50 ℃, use afterwards the piston pump injecting carbon dioxide to reach 12MPa, the saturated 6h of constant temperature and pressure obtains the saturated gradient composites of carbon dioxide absorption.
4. turn on fast relief valve pressure is let out to normal pressure, remove heater behind the 180s, autoclave is put into mixture of ice and water cool off, obtain described abscess functionally gradient material (FGM).
The foam structure of this abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) can obtain preferably abscess gradient-structure as shown in Figure 2.This functionally gradient material (FGM) upper strata is pure PMMA foam, and cell density is 6.01 * 10
6Cells/cm
3The intermediate layer is the Ag/PMMA foam of 0.5wt.%, and cell density is 8.92 * 10
9Cells/cm
3, lower floor is the Ag/PMMA foam of 1wt.%, cell density is 2.02 * 10
10Cells/cm
3The cell density of this foam is graded from top to bottom, connects closely.
Instantiation 3:
1. Nano silver grain and the 1wt.% even carbon nanotube with 1wt.% is distributed in the PMMA matrix, prepares Ag/PMMA and CNTs/PMMA nano composite material.
2. with CNTs/PMMA, Ag/PMMA and pure PMMA sheet lamination, melting heat is pressed into gradient composites under 210 ℃ of conditions.
3. the composite for preparing is placed in the autoclave, pass into a small amount of carbon dioxide purge 3min, then autoclave is warming up to 65 ℃, use afterwards the piston pump injecting carbon dioxide to reach 7.5MPa, the saturated 6h of constant temperature and pressure obtains the saturated gradient composites of carbon dioxide absorption.
4. turn on fast relief valve pressure is let out to normal pressure, remove heater behind the 10s, autoclave is put into mixture of ice and water cool off, obtain described abscess functionally gradient material (FGM).
The foam structure of this abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) can obtain preferably abscess gradient-structure as shown in Figure 3.This functionally gradient material (FGM) upper strata is pure PMMA foam, and cell density is 7.89 * 10
6Cells/cm
3The intermediate layer is the Ag/PMMA foam of 1wt.%, and cell density is 5.78 * 10
9Cells/cm
3, lower floor is the CNTs/PMMA foam of 1wt.%, cell density is 1.01 * 10
10Cells/cm
3The cell density of this foam is graded from top to bottom, connects closely.
Instantiation 4:
1. Nano silver grain and the 6wt.% Nano silver grain art with 1wt.% evenly spreads in the PMMA matrix, prepares the Ag/PMMA nano composite material of different content.
2. with 1wt.%Ag/PMMA, 6wt.%Ag/PMMA and pure PMMA sheet lamination, melting heat is pressed into gradient composites under 210 ℃ of conditions.
3. the gradient composites for preparing is placed in the autoclave, pass into a small amount of carbon dioxide purge 3min, then autoclave is warming up to 80 ℃, use afterwards the piston pump injecting carbon dioxide to reach 16MPa, the saturated 6h of constant temperature and pressure obtains the saturated gradient composites of carbon dioxide absorption.
4. turn on fast relief valve pressure is let out to normal pressure, remove heater behind the 30s, autoclave is put into mixture of ice and water cool off, obtain described abscess functionally gradient material (FGM).
The foam structure of this abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) can obtain preferably abscess gradient-structure as shown in Figure 4.The Ag/PMMA foam that this functionally gradient material (FGM) upper strata is 6wt.%, cell density are 7.29 * 10
10Cells/cm
3The intermediate layer is the Ag/PMMA foam of 1wt.%, and cell density is 3.67 * 10
10Cells/cm
3, lower floor is pure PMMA foam, cell density is 6.28 * 10
8Cells/cm
3The cell density of this foam is graded from top to bottom, connects closely.
Instantiation 5:
1. Nano silver grain and the 6wt.% even carbon nanotube with 2.5wt.% is distributed in the PMMA matrix, prepares Ag/PMMA and CNTs/PMMA nano composite material.
2. with CNTs/PMMA, Ag/PMMA and pure PMMA sheet lamination, melting heat is pressed into gradient composites under 210 ℃ of conditions.
3. the gradient composites for preparing is placed in the autoclave, pass into a small amount of carbon dioxide purge 3min, then autoclave is warming up to 65 ℃, use afterwards the piston pump injecting carbon dioxide to reach 20MPa, the saturated 6h of constant temperature and pressure obtains the saturated gradient composites of carbon dioxide absorption.
4. turn on fast relief valve pressure is let out to normal pressure, remove heater behind the 90s, autoclave is put into mixture of ice and water cool off, obtain described abscess functionally gradient material (FGM).
The foam structure of this abscess functionally gradient material (FGM) can obtain preferably abscess gradient-structure as shown in Figure 5.This functionally gradient material (FGM) upper strata is pure PMMA foam, and cell density is 4.28 * 10
8Cells/cm
3The intermediate layer is the Ag/PMMA foam of 2.5wt.%, and cell density is 8.67 * 10
9Cells/cm
3, lower floor is the CNTs/PMMA foam of 6wt.%, cell density is 2.59 * 10
11Cells/cm
3The cell density of this foam is graded from top to bottom, connects closely.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a polymethyl methacrylate base abscess functionally gradient material (FGM), it is characterized in that to contain the polymethyl methacrylate base nano composite material lamination of CNT CNTs or Nano silver grain Ag filler, after the thermoplastic, melting heat is pressed into gradient composites, again gradient composites is put into supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, the quick pressure releasing foaming, foam process is: after gradient composites is put into autoclave, inject supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, the pressure of regulating this fluid is 7.5～20MPa, temperature is 50～140 ℃, behind pressurize 6～10h, turn on the relief valve quick pressure releasing to normal pressure, be cooled to room temperature behind 10s～180s, obtain polymethyl methacrylate base abscess functionally gradient material (FGM).
2. preparation method according to claim 1, the molecular weight that it is characterized in that polymethyl methacrylate is 10000～300000.
3. preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described CNT CNTs or Nano silver grain Ag filler, and the content of filler in polymer is 0.5wt.%～6wt.%.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described melting hot pressing, refer to different nano composite materials and polymethyl methacrylate sheet lamination, after hot pressing is softening, form the gradient composites that whole piece does not contain bonding agent, hot pressing temperature is 170～210 ℃, and hot pressing time is 15～30min.
According to claim 1 with preparation method claimed in claim 4, the thickness that it is characterized in that described gradient composites is 0.5～2mm.
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| CN104693471A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-06-10 | 博富科技股份有限公司 | Multifunctional opening foaming polymer particle and preparation method thereof |
| CN104845005A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-08-19 | 湖州佳宁印刷有限公司 | Ag/PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) microcellular foaming nanometer composite material and preparing method thereof |
| CN106566156A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-04-19 | 武汉理工大学 | Preparation method of graphene nanobelt/PMMA microcellular foam nanocomposite |
| CN107400254A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-28 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of preparation method for the foamed material that micropore is arranged surely |
| CN108976684A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-11 | 山东大学 | A kind of nanoporous polymer foams and preparation method thereof |
| CN114206574A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2022-03-18 | 赢创运营有限公司 | Method for producing rigid foams of polymethyl methacrylate as core material in rotor blades of wind power plants and in ship construction |
| CN114953493A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-30 | 浙江新恒泰新材料有限公司 | Supercritical foaming composite material preparation equipment and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104693471A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2015-06-10 | 博富科技股份有限公司 | Multifunctional opening foaming polymer particle and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104845005A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-08-19 | 湖州佳宁印刷有限公司 | Ag/PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) microcellular foaming nanometer composite material and preparing method thereof |
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| CN107400254A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-28 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of preparation method for the foamed material that micropore is arranged surely |
| CN107400254B (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2020-05-26 | 武汉理工大学 | Preparation method of foam material with fixed rows of micropores |
| CN108976684A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-11 | 山东大学 | A kind of nanoporous polymer foams and preparation method thereof |
| CN114206574A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2022-03-18 | 赢创运营有限公司 | Method for producing rigid foams of polymethyl methacrylate as core material in rotor blades of wind power plants and in ship construction |
| CN114953493A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-30 | 浙江新恒泰新材料有限公司 | Supercritical foaming composite material preparation equipment and preparation method thereof |
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