CN103302304B - Preparation method of nickel or nickel alloy nanotube - Google Patents

Preparation method of nickel or nickel alloy nanotube Download PDF

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CN103302304B
CN103302304B CN201310226078.0A CN201310226078A CN103302304B CN 103302304 B CN103302304 B CN 103302304B CN 201310226078 A CN201310226078 A CN 201310226078A CN 103302304 B CN103302304 B CN 103302304B
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nickel
preparation
nanotube
nickel alloy
alloy nanotube
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CN103302304A (en
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邓意达
王浩然
胡文彬
刘磊
沈彬
钟澄
仵亚婷
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of a metal or alloy nanotube, in particular to a preparation method of a nickel or nickel alloy nanotube. The preparation method of the nickel or nickel alloy nanotube comprises the following steps: (1) performing a reaction on nickel salt solution or mixed metal salt solution comprising nickel salt and aqueous alkali to generate a precursor colloid; (2) processing the precursor colloid under the hydrothermal condition to obtain a nanowire; and (3) performing the catalytic reaction on the surface of the nanowire and catalyzing the performance of a reducing agent and nickel ions by taking the surface of the nanowire as an active point so as to form a tubular structure of nickel and nickel alloy. Compared with the prior art, the preparation method disclosed by the invention does not require a hard template; equipment required by the preparation method is simple; the preparation method can be used only by improving a common reactor and constant temperature equipment; and moreover, the process is simple and easy to operate and the cost is low.

Description

The preparation method of nickel or nickel alloy nanotube
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field prepared by metal or alloy nanotube, particularly the preparation method of a kind of nickel or nickel alloy nanotube.
Background technology
Nickel or Ni alloy powder have been widely used in industrial production as the effective microwave absorbing material of one.The electromagnetic performance of nickel or Ni alloy powder, except affecting by the nanometer of material, village hollowing, the fibrillatable also by material affects.How to realize the high-quality of ferromagnetic nano pipe, low cost assembling, obtaining stable, consistent ferromagnetic nano tubular structure, is the key of the ripple absorbent properties increasing substantially nickel or nickel alloy powder powder material.
Nickel or nickel alloy nanotube, owing to having one dimension hollow-core construction, can obtain special optical, electrical, magnetic property; Meanwhile, at nanotube assembled inside ferromagnetic nanoparticle, interior dispatch from foreign news agency, the distinct compound one-dimensional nano structure of magnetic property can be obtained.Find by literature search, Jianchun Bao is at " Advanced Materials " (Vol.13, No.21,2003) report of " Template synthesis of an array of nickelnanotubules and its magnetic behavior " (template synthesis Nickel nanotubes and magnetic property research thereof) has been delivered on, this article reports a kind of by utilizing alumina formwork, adopt electrodeposition process successfully to prepare high-sequential, be about the preparation method of the Nickel nanotubes of 35um.Xiufeng Han is at " Advanced Materials " (Vol.21, No.45,2009) article of " Structural and Magnetic Properties of VariousFerromagnetic Nanotubes " (the structure and magnetic properties energy of multiple ferromagnetic nano pipe) has been delivered on, article reports and utilizes alumina formwork, electrodeposition process is adopted successfully to prepare internal-and external diameter, thickness, Fe that length is different, Co, Ni and ferromagnetic metal alloy are (as NiFe, CoPt, CoFeB and CoCrPt) preparation method of nanotube.The template that above method adopts, based on hard template (aluminum oxide porous film), prepares nickel or nickel alloy nanotube by electro-deposition.By the nanotube that electrodeposition process is prepared in hard template, need to remove hard template by chemical treatment, just can obtain required material, but for being about several microns, internal diameter only has the nanotube of even a few nanometer of tens nanometers, and this method removes hard template can be more difficult.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the preparation method providing a kind of nickel or nickel alloy nanotube, to solve nickel of the prior art or nickel alloy nanotube prepares nanotube by electrodeposition process in hard template, need to remove hard template by chemical treatment, just can obtain required material, but for being about several microns, internal diameter only has the nanotube of even a few nanometer of tens nanometers, the technical matters that this method removal hard template can be more difficult.
The object of the invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A preparation method for nickel or nickel alloy nanotube, comprises the following steps:
(1) nickel salt solution or comprise the mixed salt solution of nickel salt and aqueous slkali and react and generate presoma colloid;
(2) described presoma colloid carries out process under hydrothermal conditions and obtains nano wire;
(3) in above-mentioned nanowire surface generation catalytic reaction, take nanowire surface as the reaction of active site catalytic reducer and nickel ion, form the tubular structure of nickel or nickel alloy.
Preferably, described step (1) comprises further:
Nickel salt solution or the mixed salt solution that comprises nickel salt are heated to T1, under agitation, aqueous slkali are poured into nickel salt solution or comprise in the mixed salt solution of nickel salt, stirring, obtaining homogeneous presoma colloid.
Preferably, the total concentration of described nickel salt solution concentration or the mixed salt solution that comprises nickel salt is 0.1-0.3mol/L, and the concentration of described alkali lye is 0.1-0.3mol/L, T1 is 50-80 DEG C.
Preferably, described nickel salt be selected from nickelous sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate or nickel acetate wherein one or more.
Preferably, the mixed metal salt comprising nickel salt described in is wherein one or more the mixed metal salt also comprising cobaltous sulfate, cobalt acetate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, frerrous chloride, ferrous sulfate except comprising nickel salt.
Preferably, described alkali is selected from NaOH, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or ammoniacal liquor.
Preferably, described step (2) comprises further:
Imported by presoma colloid in reactor, reactor seals, and is incubated a period of time after reactor being heated to T2, naturally cools, and takes out, and cleaning, obtains nano wire.
Preferably, T2 is 110-180 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 12-48 hour.
Preferably, described step (3) comprises further:
Nano wire appropriate amount of deionized water is diluted, ultrasonic process 10-40 minute, be heated to T3 afterwards, adjust ph is to 2-12, pour in nano wire after reducing agent is heated to T4, constantly stir simultaneously, drip a small amount of catalyst, a large amount of bubble is emerged subsequently, reaction is acutely carried out, there is a large amount of black precipitate in solution, treat no longer to produce bubble in solution, namely react and substantially complete.
Preferably, T3 is 80-95 DEG C, T4 is 80-95 DEG C.
Preferably, described reducing agent is selected from hypophosphite, boron hydride, hydrazine hydrate, sodium tungstate or potassium tungstate, and the concentration of described reducing agent is 0.01-1mol/L.
Preferably, step (4) is also comprised:
By the tubular structure of gained respectively after ammoniacal liquor, deionized water, acetone washing, dry in baking oven, more namely obtain nickel or nickel alloy nanotube through aftertreatment technology.
Preferably, described aftertreatment technology is the hydrogen reducing process of 200 ~ 600 DEG C.
Preferably, described nanotube is Powdered, includes water, nickel hydroxide, nickel oxide, hydrogen and steam in described nanotube, and nanotube external diameter is 60-300nm, and internal diameter is 20-100 nanometer, and pipe range is 3-6 micron.
Preferably, the composition of described nanotube is the binary of pure nickel or nickel, ternary or quaternary alloy.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, preparation method of the present invention does not need hard template, and equipment needed thereby is simple, only need be improved just can use on common response device and thermostatic equipment, and technological operation is simple, with low cost;
2, the Ni-based ultrafine powder ball nanotube that prepared by preparation method of the present invention is amorphous or crystallite state, can do further heat treatment, obtain the nickel and nickel alloy tube sprills of complete crystallization at 200 ~ 600 DEG C;
3, the nanotube internal-and external diameter size that prepared by preparation method of the present invention can be controlled by regulating presoma nanowire diameter and reaction temperature and time, can obtain the nanotube of different internal-and external diameter size;
4, preparation method of the present invention is by selecting different reducing agents and regulating the concentration of reducing agent can prepare the nanotube powder of the binary of pure nickel or heterogeneity, ternary, quaternary nickel alloy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Ni (SO 4) 0.3(OH) 1.4the XRD collection of illustrative plates of nano wire;
Fig. 2 is the XRD collection of illustrative plates of Ni-P nanotube;
Fig. 3 is Ni (SO 4) 0.3(OH) 1.4the TEM photo of nano wire;
Fig. 4 is the TEM photo of Ni-P nanotube.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention proposes in aqueous directly reaction first and generates glue core, glue core again by hydro-thermal reaction to presoma nano wire, in nanowire surface generation catalytic reaction, prepare Ni-based ultrafine powder nanotube.Nanotube obtained by the present invention, due to the structure of its uniqueness, is expected to be applied in fields such as effective catalyst, adsorbent and photoelectricity, electromagnetic device, microwave absorbing material and bio-pharmaceuticals.
The preparation method of nickel of the present invention or nickel alloy nanotube, comprises the following steps: nickel salt solution or comprise the mixed salt solution of nickel salt and aqueous slkali and react and generate presoma colloid; Described presoma colloid obtains nano wire by hydro-thermal reaction; In above-mentioned nanowire surface generation catalytic reaction, take nanowire surface as the reaction of active site catalytic reducer and nickel ion, form the tubular structure of nickel or nickel alloy; Described tubular structure obtains nickel or nickel alloy nanotube through aftertreatment technology.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
The preparation of embodiment 1 nickel-phosphor alloy nanotube
Nickelous sulfate, inferior sodium phosphate and NaOH are mixed with respectively the solution of 2mol/L, 2mol/L and 2mol/L, get 7.5ml nickelous sulfate (2mol/L) in the beaker of 250ml, add 45ml deionized water again, nickelous sulfate after dilution is heated 8 minutes in the constant temperature water bath of 90 ± 1 DEG C, then the NaOH (2mol/L) of 7.5ml is slowly poured in the nickel sulfate solution after dilution, limit bevelling stirs, and finally obtains homogeneous nickel hydroxide colloid.Nickel hydroxide colloid is placed in the reactor of 100ml, sealing, in the oil bath pan inside holding 24 hours of 120 DEG C, naturally cools, take out use washed with de-ionized water 6 times, obtain the Ni (SO that concentration is 0.018mol/L 4) 0.3(OH) 1.4nanowire suspension is (wherein containing Ni (SO 4) 0.3(OH) 1.4nano wire 1.18 grams).Ni (SO 4) 0.3(OH) 1.4nano thread structure and form are respectively as shown in Figures 1 and 3.Get the above-mentioned Ni (SO of 10ml 4) 0.3(OH) 1.4nanowire suspension, is diluted to 45ml, and in 600 watts of Ultrasound Instrument process 20 minutes, then the constant temperature water bath being placed in 90 ± 1 DEG C heated 10 minutes, after regulating pH value of solution=4, pours 3ml ortho phosphorous acid sodium solution (2mol/L) into Ni (SO with acetic acid 4) 0.3(OH) 1.4nano wire, finally adds 1 palladium bichloride (1g/L), and reaction is acutely carried out, a large amount of black precipitate is there is in solution, washing after the black precipitate of gained being filtered, drying 2 hours in 55 DEG C of baking ovens, in gained powder, nickel-phosphorus is amorphous and crystallite state (as shown in Figure 2).In last gained nickel-phosphorus nanotube alloy powder, phosphorus content is 8.92%, and pipe external diameter size is 60-300nm, and internal diameter size is 20-100 nanometer, and pipe range is 3-6 micron (as shown in Figure 4).
The preparation of embodiment 2 nickel-boron alloy nanotube
Nickelous sulfate, sodium borohydride and ammoniacal liquor are mixed with respectively the solution of 2mol/L, 2mol/L and 2mol/L, get 9ml nickelous sulfate (2mol/L) in the beaker of 250ml, add 45ml deionized water again, nickelous sulfate after dilution is heated 8 minutes in the constant temperature water bath of 85 ± 1 DEG C, then the ammoniacal liquor of 9ml is slowly poured in the nickel sulfate solution after dilution, limit bevelling stirs, and finally obtains homogeneous cobalt hydroxide colloid.Nickel hydroxide colloid is placed in the reactor of 100ml, sealing, in the oil bath pan inside holding 24 hours of 120 DEG C, cooling naturally, take out and use washed with de-ionized water 6 times, obtain the nickel hydroxide nano line suspension (wherein hydrogeneous nickel oxide nanowires 1.37 grams) that concentration is 0.018mol/L.Get 10ml above-mentioned nickel hydroxide nano line suspension, be diluted to 45ml, in 600 watts of Ultrasound Instrument process 20 minutes, the constant temperature water bath being placed in 85 ± 1 DEG C again heats 10 minutes, after regulating pH value of solution=2 with acetic acid, pour 3ml sodium borohydride solution (2mol/L) into nickel hydroxide nano line, finally add 1 palladium bichloride (1g/L), reaction is acutely carried out, a large amount of black precipitate is there is in solution, washing after the black precipitate of gained is filtered, drying 2 hours in 55 DEG C of baking ovens, in gained powder, nickel-boron is amorphous and crystallite state, nickel-boron the nanotube of complete crystallization is obtained after 300 DEG C of heat treatment.In last gained nickel-boron nanotube alloy powder, Boron contents is 7.53%, pipe external diameter size 60-300nm, internal diameter size 20-100 nanometer, pipe range 3-6 micron.
The preparation of embodiment 3 Ni-Co-P alloy nanotube
By nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate, inferior sodium phosphate and NaOH are mixed with the solution of 2mol/L, 2mol/L, 2mol/L and 2mol/L respectively, get 5ml nickelous sulfate (2mol/L) and 2.5ml cobaltous sulfate (2mol/L) in the beaker of 250ml, add 45ml deionized water again, nickelous sulfate cobalt after dilution is heated 8 minutes in the constant temperature water bath of 90 ± 1 DEG C, then the NaOH (2mol/L) of 7.5ml is slowly poured in the nickelous sulfate cobalt liquor after dilution, limit bevelling stirs, and finally obtains homogeneous nickel hydroxide cobalt colloid.Nickel hydroxide cobalt colloid is placed in the reactor of 100ml, sealing, in the oil bath pan inside holding 12 hours of 180 DEG C, cooling naturally, take out and use washed with de-ionized water 6 times, obtain the nickel hydroxide cobalt nanowire suspension (wherein hydrogeneous cobalt nickel oxide nano wire 1.17 grams) that concentration is 0.018mol/L.Get 10ml above-mentioned nickel hydroxide cobalt nanowire suspension, be diluted to 45ml, in 600 watts of Ultrasound Instrument process 40 minutes, the constant temperature water bath being placed in 90 ± 1 DEG C again heats 10 minutes, after regulating pH value of solution=6 with acetic acid, pour 3ml ortho phosphorous acid sodium solution (2mol/L) into nickel hydroxide cobalt nanowire, finally add 1 palladium bichloride (1g/L), reaction is acutely carried out, a large amount of black precipitate is there is in solution, washing after the black precipitate of gained is filtered, drying 2 hours in 55 DEG C of baking ovens, in gained powder, nickel-cobalt-phosphorus is amorphous and crystallite state, nickel-cobalt-phosphorus the nanotube of complete crystallization is obtained after 300 DEG C of heat treatment.In last gained nickel-cobalt-phosphorus nanotube alloy powder, phosphorus content is 18%, pipe external diameter size 100-200nm, internal diameter size 40-100 nanometer, pipe range 3-6 micron.
The preparation of embodiment 4 Ni-Fe-P alloy nanotube
By nickelous sulfate, ferrous sulfate, inferior sodium phosphate and NaOH are mixed with the solution of 2mol/L, 2mol/L, 2mol/L and 2mol/L respectively, get 2ml nickelous sulfate (2mol/L) and 1ml ferrous sulfate (2mol/L) in the beaker of 250ml, add 45ml deionized water again, sulfuric acid ferronickel after dilution is heated 8 minutes in the constant temperature water bath of 90 ± 1 DEG C, then the NaOH (2mol/L) of 3ml is slowly poured in the nickelous sulfate ferrous solution after dilution, limit bevelling stirs, and finally obtains homogeneous hydroxide ferronickel colloid.Hydroxide ferronickel colloid is placed in the reactor of 100ml, sealing, in the oil bath pan inside holding 24 hours of 120 DEG C, cooling naturally, take out and use washed with de-ionized water 6 times, obtain the nickel hydroxide Fe nanowire suspension (wherein containing nickel hydroxide Fe nanowire 0.45 gram) that concentration is 0.018mol/L.Get 10ml above-mentioned nickel hydroxide Fe nanowire suspension, be diluted to 45ml, in 600 watts of Ultrasound Instrument process 20 minutes, the constant temperature water bath being placed in 90 ± 1 DEG C again heats 10 minutes, after regulating pH value of solution=12 with acetic acid, pour 3ml ortho phosphorous acid sodium solution (2mol/L) into nickel hydroxide Fe nanowire, finally add 1 palladium bichloride (1g/L), reaction is acutely carried out, a large amount of black precipitate is there is in solution, washing after the black precipitate of gained is filtered, drying 2 hours in 55 DEG C of baking ovens, in gained powder, Ni-Fe-phosphorus is amorphous and crystallite state, Ni-Fe-phosphorus the nanotube of complete crystallization is obtained after 300 DEG C of heat treatment.In last gained Ni-Fe-phosphorus nanotube alloy powder, phosphorus content is 18%, pipe external diameter size 60-200nm, internal diameter size 20-60 nanometer, pipe range 2-6 micron.
The preparation of embodiment 5 nickel-cobalt-iron-phosphorus alloy nanotube
By nickelous sulfate, cobaltous sulfate, ferrous sulfate, inferior sodium phosphate and potassium hydroxide are mixed with 2mol/L respectively, 2mol/L, 2mol/L, the solution of 2mol/L and 2mol/L, get 4ml nickelous sulfate (2mol/L), 1.5ml cobaltous sulfate (2mol/L), 1.5ml ferrous sulfate (2mol/L), in the beaker of 250ml, add 45ml deionized water again, nickelous sulfate ferro-cobalt after dilution is heated 8 minutes in the constant temperature water bath of 90 ± 1 DEG C, then the potassium hydroxide (2mol/L) of 7.5ml is slowly poured in the nickelous sulfate ferro-cobalt solution after dilution, limit bevelling stirs, finally obtain homogeneous nickel hydroxide ferro-cobalt colloid.Nickel hydroxide ferro-cobalt colloid is placed in the reactor of 100ml, sealing, in the oil bath pan inside holding 24 hours of 120 DEG C, naturally cool, take out and use washed with de-ionized water 6 times, obtain the nickel hydroxide ferro-cobalt nanowire suspension (wherein hydrogeneous cobalt nickel oxide Fe nanowire 1.06 grams) that concentration is 0.018mol/L.Get 10ml above-mentioned nickel hydroxide ferro-cobalt nanowire suspension, be diluted to 45ml, in 600 watts of Ultrasound Instrument process 20 minutes, the constant temperature water bath being placed in 90 ± 1 DEG C again heats 10 minutes, after regulating pH value of solution=4 with acetic acid, pour 3ml ortho phosphorous acid sodium solution (2mol/L) into nickel hydroxide ferro-cobalt nano wire, finally add 1 palladium bichloride (1g/L), reaction is acutely carried out, a large amount of black precipitate is there is in solution, washing after the black precipitate of gained is filtered, drying 2 hours in 55 DEG C of baking ovens, in gained powder, nickel-cobalt-iron-phosphorus is amorphous and crystallite state, nickel-cobalt-iron-phosphorus the nanotube of complete crystallization is obtained after 300 DEG C of heat treatment.In last gained nickel-cobalt-iron-phosphorus nanotube alloy powder, phosphorus content is 16%, pipe external diameter size 80-180nm, internal diameter size 40-80 nanometer, pipe range 2-4 micron.
Be only several specific embodiments of the application above, but the application is not limited thereto, the changes that any person skilled in the art can think of, all should drops in the protection domain of the application.

Claims (15)

1. a preparation method for nickel alloy nanotube, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) nickel salt solution or comprise the mixed salt solution of nickel salt and aqueous slkali and react and generate presoma colloid;
(2) described presoma colloid carries out process under hydrothermal conditions and obtains nano wire;
(3) in above-mentioned nanowire surface generation catalytic reaction, take nanowire surface as the reaction of active site catalytic reducer and nickel ion, form the tubular structure of nickel alloy.
2. the preparation method of nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (1) comprises further:
Nickel salt solution or the mixed salt solution that comprises nickel salt are heated to T1, under agitation, aqueous slkali are poured into nickel salt solution or comprise in the mixed salt solution of nickel salt, stirring, obtaining homogeneous presoma colloid.
3. the preparation method of nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the total concentration of described nickel salt solution concentration or the mixed salt solution that comprises nickel salt is 0.1-0.3mol/L, and the concentration of described aqueous slkali is 0.1-0.3mol/L, T1 is 50-80 DEG C.
4. the preparation method of nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described nickel salt be selected from nickelous sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel nitrate or nickel acetate wherein one or more.
5. the preparation method of nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described in comprise nickel salt mixed metal salt be wherein one or more the mixed metal salt also comprising cobaltous sulfate, cobalt acetate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, frerrous chloride, ferrous sulfate except comprising nickel salt.
6. the preparation method of nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described alkali is selected from NaOH, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or ammoniacal liquor.
7. the preparation method of nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (2) comprises further:
Imported by presoma colloid in reactor, reactor seals, and is incubated a period of time after reactor being heated to T2, naturally cools, and takes out, and cleaning, obtains nano wire.
8. the preparation method of nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, T2 is 110-180 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 12-48 hour.
9. the preparation method of nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (3) comprises further:
Nano wire appropriate amount of deionized water is diluted, ultrasonic process 10-40 minute, be heated to T3 afterwards, adjust ph is to 2-12, pour in nano wire after reducing agent is heated to T4, constantly stir simultaneously, drip a small amount of catalyst, a large amount of bubble is emerged subsequently, reaction is acutely carried out, occur a large amount of black precipitate in solution, treat no longer to produce bubble in solution, reaction completes substantially.
10. the preparation method of nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that, T3 is 80-95 DEG C, T4 is 80-95 DEG C.
The preparation method of 11. nickel alloy nanotube as described in claim 1 or 9, it is characterized in that, described reducing agent is selected from hypophosphite, boron hydride, hydrazine hydrate, sodium tungstate or potassium tungstate, and the concentration of described reducing agent is 0.01-1mol/L.
The preparation method of 12. nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise step (4):
By the tubular structure of gained respectively after ammoniacal liquor, deionized water, acetone washing, dry in baking oven, more namely obtain nickel alloy nanotube through aftertreatment technology.
The preparation method of 13. nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that, described aftertreatment technology is the hydrogen reducing process of 200 ~ 600 DEG C.
The preparation method of 14. nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described nanotube is Powdered, water, nickel hydroxide, nickel oxide, hydrogen and steam is included in described nanotube, nanotube external diameter is 60-300nm, and internal diameter is 20-100 nanometer, and pipe range is 3-6 micron.
The preparation method of 15. nickel alloy nanotube as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the composition of described nanotube is the binary of nickel, ternary or quaternary alloy.
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