CN103296954A - Parallel transformer tap switch control based on reactive balance method - Google Patents
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Abstract
According to the situation where the position change in an on-load tap changer can cause reactive power loss in a parallel-operation transformer system, a load side current separating model is designed to quantitatively separate load current and circulation current. Thus, a reactive power balance distribution method in parallel operation of transformers is provided. The control method is integrated into an automatic control device in an embedded system and can control the position of the on-load tap changer to guarantee qualified voltage quality and reasonable reactive distribution of parallel transformers. The control method has significance on a plurality of parallel transformers and can be applied to various occasions of parallel transformers of different capacities, parallel transformers with different gear numbers, parallel transformers of different coil numbers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to autocontrol method and the device thereof of the on load tap changer of the transformer of many paired runnings in the transformer station.The present invention is purpose with the reactive power flow between the balance transformer arranged side by side, reaches at 6 and can both obtain applications well with the parallel operation of transformers of interior parallel operation of transformers, identical or different volume number, occasions such as parallel operation of transformers identical or different capabilities.
Background technology
In the electric power system, the quality of power supply comprises the indexs such as frequency, voltage and harmonic wave of electric energy.Operational mode in the electric power system is varied, and the voltage of each node is not quite similar, and each user is also different to the requirement of voltage.In recent years, in order to satisfy complicated electric power system to the requirement of the quality of power supply, the on-load voltage regulation technology is as one of main means of regulating power system voltage, because its significant advantage is widely used.
On-load voltage regulation is to control by the shunting switch to on-load tap-changing transformer, and change shunting switch tap position is realized.What we can say the on-load voltage regulation technology namely is control technology on load tap changer.Rely on the action promptly and accurately of on load tap changer, can reduce and avoid voltage to fluctuate widely, can also regulate the load trend in the electric power system, guarantee that the safe and reliable operation of electric power system increases the flexibility of dispatching of power netwoks.In addition, when the on-load tap-changing transformer paired running, if reasonably use the on load tap changer control technology, can also increase the power supply capacity of transformer arranged side by side, the loss that reduces transformer, raising electric energy efficiency of transmission etc.
Along with the construction of electric network reactive-load power supply is perfect, and the raising on load tap changer self life-span, the on-load voltage regulation The Application of Technology is extensive day by day.The fast development of electric power system makes the paired running of transformer also become comparatively general phenomenon.Between the transformer of different model side by side, between the different capabilities transformer side by side, between the transformer that do not wait of the total gear of on load tap changer side by side even between the different transformer of input power supply side by side, all become very general situation.
And domestic on load tap changer control technology at transformer arranged side by side is also very backward at present.Mainly there is following problem:
1, hand operated control method is adopted in the control of most of on load tap changeres.This method labor workload is big, can't in time handle the out-of-limit problem of voltage, when the transformer paired running, occurs the transient state circulation of long period in the time of also can causing manual voltage regulation, makes quality of power supply variation.
2, adopt automatic control technology, its control principle is also comparatively backward.For single transformer, the out-of-limit problem of voltage is only considered in the control of domestic on load tap changer, problems such as line loss compensation, inverse probability is not made consideration.For two and above transformer arranged side by side, most controllers still adopt master-slave principle or following principle, only simple consideration remains on consistent gear to the gear between several the transformers, and ignored key contents such as the circulation that causes because of a variety of causes between the transformer arranged side by side, idle imbalance, then can't be well suited in as the different model transformer side by side, the different capabilities transformer side by side, the unmatched transformer of shunting switch tap side by side and the transformer occasion arranged side by side of different input power supplys.
3, the loaded tap-off control device is different manufacturers production with on load tap changer itself often.The control characteristic of on load tap changer often has some special requirement and standards.Domestic most of controller can satisfy this generic request, changes but lack flexibly, and in response to the occasion that requires on load tap changer to have special action to require with occasion, this type of control device will be difficult to adapt to.
Summary of the invention
In the transformer station at home, when two or above parallel operation of transformers, manual control mode is substantially still adopted in the control of on load tap changer, minority transformer station adopts the automatic control mode of simple logic.The shortcoming of manual control mode is that response time length, personnel's amount of labour are big, though the automatic control mode with simple logic can overcome the shortcoming of manual control mode, but can not take optimum control strategy for its on load tap changer at the transformer of paired running, this usually makes that the power supply capacity of the transformer station that adopts this type of control mode operation incurs loss, economy can not reach optimum, and that the loss of transformer also can't drop to is minimum, its life-span also is affected.
The present invention designs a kind of novel on load tap changer control method, and this method has remedied the shortcoming of current domestic on load tap changer control method.Parallel operation of transformers mainly is in order to improve the ability of transformer station's transmission power.The power that transformer station carries is divided into two kinds of active power and reactive powers.Between transformer arranged side by side, the distribution of active power then with each transformer arranged side by side between impedance relevant, the change in location of on load tap changer is then depended in and the distribution of reactive power.Therefore, after two or many transformers are selected, when their paired runnings, Chuan Shu the active power proportion that accounts for total transmission active power is fixed separately, and the reactive power that they transmit separately accounts for the proportion of total transmission reactive power, then along with the change in location that each has on-load shunting switch changes.Ideally, the transformer of paired running, its gear that each has on-load shunting switch should be " mutually coupling position "---just when on load tap changer is on these positions, can make transformer station's load side voltage reach the qualified claimed range of the quality of power supply can only, can make again most effective (i.e. the loss minimum on transformer) of the reactive power that transformer is carried in the station.The present invention is exactly the method by innovation, strives reaching this ideal situation in the on load tap changer control.
Below divide two parts to introduce content of the present invention:
The one, introduce analog circuit of the present invention, this circuit is sampled to electric current, the voltage of transformer station's load side, and the position of the switch such as load side circuit breaker, section breaker are gathered, utilize the special construction of circuit self, can isolate circulating current (secondary current), the load current (secondary current) of paired running transformer automatically, and can intelligent decision the operational mode of transformer, thereby select the pressure regulation pattern of on load tap changer automatically.
The 2nd, introduce on load tap changer control logic of the present invention, this logic is in practical engineering application, and being solidificated in the embedded system is in the controller of framework.Control logic is another core content of the present invention.It according to different transformer operational modes, is provided with different control schemes in conjunction with analog circuit of the present invention.The control logic of transformer is then basic as control with reactive balance side by side.
1, analog circuit
At first, introduce in the analog circuit one the simple but part-circulating current separating circuit of core.Its loop diagram as shown in Figure 1.The circulating current separating circuit is made up of two identical small power electric current transformers, remembers that its title is respectively CT1 and CT2.The no-load voltage ratio of two current transformers is identical, the annular connection of secondary coil, the two junior homonym ends that are CT1 link to each other with the secondary non-same polarity of CT2, the two junior homonym ends of CT2 link to each other with the secondary non-same polarity of CT1, make the secondary coil of two current transformers form a ring.
According to Kirchhoff's law as can be known: the secondary current of CT1 and CT2 is identical (amplitude equates that phase place is identical).Because the no-load voltage ratio of CT1 and CT2 is identical, the primary current of two CT is also identical so.Though this circuit constitutes simple, it acts on has a meaning very much: by the secondary coil of two identical current transformers of articulating, can make the primary current that flows into two current transformers identical forcibly.Therefore, if the primary current difference of input just need be introduced other in the primary current side and branch into the primary current shunting, so that it is identical to flow into the electric current of two current transformers, otherwise, will cause the overcurrent of the secondary coil of instrument transformer, and burn current transformer.The branch of this introducing is exactly the branch that flows through of circulating current in the practical application.And the electric current of inflow current instrument transformer, i.e. corresponding actual load current.
What deserves to be mentioned is, based on the on load tap changer control method of reactive balance method, can be applied in two situations that above transformer is arranged side by side.If two situations that above transformer is arranged side by side, the quantity of current transformer is corresponding with actual number transformer in the circulating current separating circuit, and the secondary coil of these current transformers should join end to end successively, forms one " big ring ".Give an example with three transformer situations arranged side by side, corresponding circulating current separating circuit schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2.
Peel off the loop as core with circulating current below, progressively introduce the formation of analog circuit of the present invention.
The principle schematic of this analog circuit as shown in Figure 3, this figure is listed as example with two transformers.Shown circulating current I among the figure
C, balanced balanced current I
B, and load current I
L(the load current I that comprises transformer 1
L1Load current I with transformer 2
L2) three current circuits (each current in loop is vector).Above-mentioned three current circuits mark with black arrow respectively in the drawings.
Secondary current from on-the-spot transformer load side electric current (being different from load current) instrument transformer converts milliampere other electric current of level to through auxiliary current transformer (FZCT1 and FZCT2), is respectively I
1And I
2
As can be seen from the figure, I
1Be separated into load current I
L1With circulating current I
C1, I
2Be separated into load current I
L2With circulating current I
C2The route of flowing through of load current is marked by arrow, and the route of flowing through of circulating current is marked by the arrow of end band stain.The load side current separation utilizes the circulating current separating circuit of above-mentioned introduction to finish just.
Current transformer K among Fig. 3
1And K
4Constituted the circulating current separating circuit.K
1And K
4No-load voltage ratio identical, and secondary coil annular connects, and when having constituted the balanced balanced current loop, also played pressure primary current (I
L1And I
L2) identical effect.In addition, K
1And K
4Primary current can be just the same, also need be at access tributary on the primary winding separately, and with as I
1And I
2Shunting circuit.And K
1And K
4Branch separately couples together, and has just constituted the circulating current loop.
The balanced balanced current loop play force load current identical do the time spent, the circulating current loop then provides the loop for having separated the remainder behind the load current in the load side electric current.What flow in this loop is exactly circulating current.As can be seen, the circulating current I of transformer 1
C1Circulating current I with transformer 2
C2Size is identical, phase place opposite (actual conditions just so).
So far, the basic function of analog circuit realizes substantially.But in actual applications, only realize that basic function also can not reach application requirements far away.Now this analog circuit is replenished item by item.
Analog circuit figure after replenishing as shown in Figure 4.
In the balanced balanced current loop contacts such as 52-1b, 52-2b, 24b are added wherein.These contacts all are open type contacts (when circuit breaker is in when closing, contact is opened, when circuit breaker is in the branch position, junction closure) of transformer station's inner breaker.Wherein 52-1b is the position normal opened contact of the load side circuit breaker of transformer 1; 52-2b is the position normal opened contact of the load side circuit breaker of transformer 2; 24b is the position normal opened contact of the section breaker of load bus.Analog circuit is gathered this three secondary contact, whether is in the paired running mode for identifying on-the-spot transformer automatically.When any one was in the branch position in above-mentioned three circuit breakers, transformer namely was in the independent operating state.This moment is for the K in the analog circuit
1And K
4Secondary coil the two all be in from ring status, thereby the balanced balanced current loop can't force primary current identical, the circulating current separating circuit also loses the effect of current separation.Corresponding to the situation of actual motion, be not have circulating current during the transformer independent operating, so analog circuit should not collect circulating current.
The circulating current loop has replenished reactance K
3And K
6, K
3And K
6Reactance value be adjustable.43S
1And 43S
2Be the potential divider that it is carried out size adjustment, this potential divider has 9 positions, can make K
3Or K
6Produce 9 kinds of reactance values.K
3And K
6Can convert the circulating current model to voltage signal, to make things convenient for the Logic control module collection.And 43S
1And 43S
2Can adjust K
3And K
6Size, make circulating current at K
3And K
6On can be different magnitude of voltage, changed the voltage that Logic control module collects, that is to say the indirect sampled value that changes circulating current.43S
1And 43S
2Effect in fact be exactly the sensitivity that has changed circulating current, the purposes of sensitivity will be introduced to some extent in control logic part.
In addition, also augmented line loss offset current I in the analog circuit
LDCLoop and half electric current I
HThe loop.
At first introduce the application of line loss compensation method in on-load voltage regulation.Common on-load voltage regulation all is according to the voltage fluctuation situation of transformer station's internal loading side bus it to be adjusted, thereby the voltage on the load circuit is exerted an influence.The deficiency of this method of adjustment is accurately to adjust load voltage according to the variation of load.Voltage on the load circuit obtains through line loss on the basis of load busbar voltage, and the size of line loss voltage is directly proportional with load current, even therefore under identical load busbar voltage, the voltage on the load circuit also can change along with load variations.Line loss compensation (LDC) method is exactly to have considered the influence of load current to the load line voltage distribution, a Consideration with it during as on-load voltage regulation.Utilize line loss compensation computing formula, according to load side busbar voltage (real-time sampling), load current (real-time sampling), load impedance conditions such as (adjusting according to load), calculate any voltage of load certain on the circuit, it as the pressure regulation object, is come tap is adjusted according to its size.
By on regard to the introduction of line build-out, load current is a very important factor in the accurate control of load tap changer as can be known.
A kind of situation that may occur during the on-the-spot parallel operation of transformers of following surface analysis.When two parallel operation of transformers; if wherein a transformer accident (such as the back tranformer protection action of breaking down) is out of service; and the not tripping of load side bus section breaker will have only a transformer to be in running status so this moment, and carry all loads.Therefore, the load current of operating transformer will become than many greatly before.If only contain balanced balanced current I in the analog circuit
BLoop, K so at this moment
1And K
4Secondary coil will be in from ring status (because among 52-1b or the 52-2b some must be closed), so two transformers load current (the operating transformer load current is original several times, and the load current of transformer out of service is zero) separately will flow into controller separately.If according to line loss compensation computing formula, the increase of the load current that is caused by accident, can make the line loss of calculating become big, direct result is exactly to make the busbar voltage that calculates raise a lot (the line loss voltage that the magnitude of voltage that exceeds calculated just originally), thereby whole load voltage is all uprised, and the consequence that this overvoltage produces will be very serious.
Solution to the problems described above is exactly to increase line loss offset current I in circuit shown in Figure 2
LDCLoop and half electric current I
HThe loop.
Current transformer K
2And K
5And K
1And K
4Just the same.K
2And K
5The line loss offset current I that forms
LDCThe loop is similar substantially with the balanced balanced current loop in fact, and the connected mode of secondary coil is also in full accord.Uniquely different be, at line loss offset current I
LDCDo not add two contacts conducts of 52-1b and 52-2b in the loop from the articulating point.Be in side by side or during independent operating, the operating state of load current loop and balance current circuit is in full accord at two transformers, particular content is as the analysis of above-mentioned operating state for the balanced balanced current loop.Yet when have in two transformers arranged side by side one unexpected when out of service, these two loops will be in different operating states.This moment, the current transformer secondary coil in balanced balanced current loop will be from ring, so the balanced balanced current loop as lead, does not have the effect of segregational load side electric current.And the load current loop so whole loop does not change, still can be played the identical effect of segregational load side electric current because do not insert the position contact of transformer load circuit breaker.At this moment because the circulating current loop disconnects, so introduced half current circuit, provide the loop of separating electric current for the load side electric current.As can be seen, the load side electric current of operating transformer is original twice, and be separated into two equal and opposite in directions through half current circuit and load current loop this moment, the electric current that phase place is identical, and K flows through respectively
2And K
5, finish its separation process.Thus, load current used in the line loss compensation circuit of the Logic control module of operating transformer just can not change because of the out of service of an other transformer, just can not produce unusual pressure regulation consequence yet.
So far, analog circuit is introduced fully and is finished.Below introduce the control logic of on load tap changer.
2, based on the on load tap changer control method of reactive balance method
As shown in Figure 5, according to the principle schematic of analog circuit among Fig. 4, build the application model in kind of a control system.This mock-up has been finished the function of principle shown in Fig. 4, and the current separation of picking up from the transformer load side is become load current
And circulating current
And make these two electric currents flow into the current input terminal of the correspondence of Logic control module (LJKZ) respectively.Logic control module is framework with the embedded system, and through the high technology horizontal seal, requires and outdoor service requirement to satisfy the field erected electromagnetic interference of transformer station.
The electric parameters that Logic control module (LJKZ) is gathered from electric power system has: load current
Circulating current
And transformer load side bus voltage
(above-mentioned electric parameters is vector).
At first introduce the core concept of reactive balance method.Parallel operation of transformers can increase the transmission capacity of transformer station.The transformer of paired running is carrying a certain proportion of transmission power separately.Transmission power comprises active power and reactive power.Active power is the direct impedance that is decided by transformer in the side by side distribution between the transformer, with the location independent of shunting switch separately.And the distribution of reactive power between transformer then is the position of tapping switch that depends on transformer arranged side by side.Furthermore, for the optimum controling strategy of shunting switch, should be the distribution of considering reactive power, rather than the distribution of active power.The core content of reactive balance method is controlled position of tapping switch exactly, so that the reactive power that the transformer of paired running is carried separately can reach optimal proportion.
Now introduce the computational methods of three-phase transformer load side reactive power:
Wherein, U
2, I
2Be respectively the current/voltage of load side,
It is the angle of the leading load side voltage of load side electric current.
Be attached to the separated situation of load side electric current among Fig. 4, can continue following derivation:
The load side current separation becomes load current and circulating current, so have:
In analog circuit, all electric parameters all are vectors.
Suppose that each vector represents with the following method
The angle of above-mentioned current phasor all is fixed phase with the voltage-phase.
According to formula 2., in conjunction with methods such as trigonometric functions, can draw:
③
If with formula 3. the substitution formula 1. obtain:
……④
From top formula 4. as can be seen, the amplitude phase place of the amplitude phase place of the load side reactive power of transformer and load current and circulating current all has relation.
Can obtain following relation in the circulating current separating circuit from analog current:
Therefore, by with co-relation, can derive following conclusion:
Through type 5., formula 6. with formula 7. as can be seen, the amplitude of load current and circulating current, phase place all have direct relation with the load side electric current.
The phase place of load side electric current is to be determined by the impedance of transformer self and load impedance.The impedance of transformer is constant substantially.Therefore, when load one timing, the phase place of load side electric current also is changeless, and the phase place of load current, circulating current also is constant at this moment as can be known then.
And the amplitude of load side electric current then is to determine that by the cyclical voltage difference between the transformer arranged side by side this cyclical voltage then is subjected to the position influence of on load tap changer.Therefore, the amplitude of load current, circulating current also is the direct influence that is subjected to shunting switch.
When load one regularly, through type 4. as can be known, the size of load side reactive power is directly related with the amplitude of the amplitude of load current, circulating current.Just be subjected to the direct influence of the position of on load tap changer.This on load tap changer of saying has just influenced the power division of transformer arranged side by side.When load one timing, the reactive power that is transferred to load is constant.Formula deducts the part outside the reactive load power in 4. so, is exactly the circulation reactive power between the transformer side by side.This circulation reactive power, the reactive loss when in fact being exactly the transformer operation.
If the amplitude to circulating current with reactive loss is made differential, just can obtain the variation relation of reactive loss and circulating current amplitude, but in actual applications, owing to disperse when the amplitude of circulating current changes, so the judging means that above-mentioned differential relationship can only change along with the circulating current amplitude as reactive loss, and can not instruct the control of on load tap changer according to it.
Transformer arranged side by side at actual motion is direct, and the amplitude of circulating current disperses, proportional variation.At first, the variation between the on load tap changer is dispersed, and the voltage difference that is caused by position of tapping switch difference also disperses.Secondly, when the gear of on load tap changer differed one grade, the corresponding circulating current that forms was for being called the benchmark circulating current, and for same set of voltage transformer system arranged side by side, its benchmark circulating current is thick-and-thin.Use computational methods to be difficult to determine this benchmark circulating current, because have larger difference between the parameter of transformer.
Gear change of the every generation of on load tap changer, the variation that the amplitude of circulating current is caused all is the same.Therefore, gear change of every generation of on load tap changer for the variation of reactive loss, also can calculate.The core of reactive balance method utilizes reactive loss that the differential expression of circulating current is judged as trend exactly, and to the trend adjusting on load tap changer that is conducive to reduce reactive loss, after adjustment is finished, and current reactive loss is for adjusting the back reactive loss.Simultaneously, utilize the powerful calculating ability of embedded system, calculate to this direction sizes (being designated as the trend reactive loss) of reactive loss when adjusting a gear more.If the trend reactive loss is littler than adjusting the back reactive loss, illustrate to also have necessity of adjusting, therefore can continue to adjust towards direction before the position of on load tap changer.If the trend reactive loss is bigger than adjusting the back reactive loss, illustrate and shunting switch is transferred to the most suitable position, adjust on load tap changer again and will cause excessive adjustment.
In actual applications, by reactance K
3And K
6, potential divider 43S
1And 43S
2The circulating current sensitivity adjustment parts of forming are encapsulated in the balance module arranged side by side (BLPH).This component settings scope is divided into 9 grades (4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4), to the sensitiveest one grade (being 4 grades), the ratio of the corresponding actual value of the sampled value of circulating current amplitude in Logic control module (LJKZ) is respectively: 50%, 59.5%, 70.7%, 84.1%, 100%, 118.9%, 141.4%, 168.2%, 200% from least sensitive one grade (for-4 grades).Such range of sensitivity is in order to adapt to the system arranged side by side of the transformer in the practical matter in each.According to noted earlier, the size of benchmark circulating current can't obtain by calculating.And only in real system, obtain after the separation according to sampling and analog circuit.But actual benchmark circulating current in the time of sometimes in being inserted in the reactive loss computing formula, can produce the excessive or too small situation of reactive loss calculated value.When reactive loss calculates when excessive, only need to adjust shunting switch original this moment and change a gear, but the situation that can cause many transformers to adjust simultaneously makes and adjusts excessively, and situation about adjusting repeatedly occurs.When reactive loss calculates when too small, but there is not situation about adjusting in the time of then this adjustment can occurring.The setting of sensitivity is for fear of the generation of above-mentioned situation and arrange.In case certain engineering has been determined sensitivity, just do not need to adjust sensitivity in the later running.
Logic diagram such as Fig. 6 of controlling for the above-mentioned on-load tap changers of transformers of introducing arranged side by side based on the reactive balance method describe.
Fig. 1: two transformer circulating current separating circuits arranged side by side;
Fig. 2: three transformer circulating current separating circuits arranged side by side;
Fig. 3: the analog circuit schematic diagram of controlling method based on the on load tap changer of reactive balance method;
Fig. 4: the analog circuit of controlling method based on the on load tap changer of reactive balance method replenishes schematic diagram;
Fig. 5: the system in kind that controls method based on the on load tap changer of reactive balance method;
Fig. 6: the logical schematic of controlling method based on the on load tap changer of reactive balance method.
Claims (5)
1. control method based on the parallel operation of transformers on load tap changer of reactive balance method, it is characterized in that: the principle technology of utilizing transformer arranged side by side to carry reactive power to mate each self-capacity, the optimization of on load tap changer control when realizing parallel operation of transformers.
2. reactive balance method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: utilize unique analog circuit, from transformer load side electric current arranged side by side, extract circulating current, reactive loss during according to circulating current calculating transformer paired running, take all factors into consideration a plurality of conditions such as reactive loss, load current, load voltage, form the optimal case of tap joint position control, and realize final control according to this scheme.
3. reactive balance method according to claim 1, the circulating current separating circuit (Figure of description: Fig. 1) of two parallel operation of transformers that wherein use.It is characterized in that: the secondary coil annular of the CT that two no-load voltage ratios is identical connects.
4. reactive balance method according to claim 1, the circulating current separating circuit (Figure of description: Fig. 2) of three parallel operation of transformers that wherein use.It is characterized in that: the secondary coil annular of the CT that three no-load voltage ratios is identical connects.
5. reactive balance method according to claim 1, the control that wherein uses system in kind (Figure of description: Fig. 5).It is characterized in that it comprises:
1) Logic control module (LJKZ);
2) balance module (BLPH) arranged side by side.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105067935A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-11-18 | 国网山东省电力公司菏泽供电公司 | Transformer tap parameter estimation method based on reactive imbalance |
| CN107942883A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-04-20 | 国网河北省电力有限公司衡水供电分公司 | Show that paired running main transformer high, normal, basic three side is active or the method for idle difference |
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| CN107942883A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-04-20 | 国网河北省电力有限公司衡水供电分公司 | Show that paired running main transformer high, normal, basic three side is active or the method for idle difference |
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