CN103293092A - 一种钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋腐蚀的碳纳米管检测装置 - Google Patents

一种钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋腐蚀的碳纳米管检测装置 Download PDF

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CN103293092A
CN103293092A CN2013102047525A CN201310204752A CN103293092A CN 103293092 A CN103293092 A CN 103293092A CN 2013102047525 A CN2013102047525 A CN 2013102047525A CN 201310204752 A CN201310204752 A CN 201310204752A CN 103293092 A CN103293092 A CN 103293092A
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carbon nano
nano tube
corrosion
reinforced concrete
reinforcement
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CN103293092B (zh
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范颖芳
栾海洋
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Dalian Maritime University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋腐蚀的碳纳米管检测装置，属于结构工程领域中钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性检测和评估，包括与工程所用钢筋材质相同的半圆柱体钢筋棒、碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅、保护层、检测仪，所述碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅固定在钢筋棒上，保护层喷涂在碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅上，碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅通过导线与检测仪连接，本发明有益效果为碳纳米管检测装置具有灵敏度高，抗干扰能力强，稳定性好，应变响应速率快，可重复测量等特点，能够有效监测钢筋的锈蚀深度，对钢筋是否脱钝和锈蚀发生程度进行定量评价，从而对外部环境如碳化作用和氯离子侵蚀等引起的钢筋混凝土结构耐久性退化进行评判。

Description

一种钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋腐蚀的碳纳米管检测装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋腐蚀的碳纳米管检测装置，属于结构工程领域中钢筋混凝土结构的耐久性检测和评估。
背景技术
钢筋锈蚀已成为导致钢筋混凝土结构耐久性退化、使用寿命下降的主要原因。研发能够合理及时地反映混凝土内部钢筋锈蚀状态的传感系统，对于结构进行耐久性评估诊断，判断钢筋锈蚀状态具有重要意义，对监测混凝土的服役年限，确保工程安全及减少维修费用提供重要的指导意义。
碳纳米管（CNT）是一种高品质的一维纳米材料，由六边形碳环连接并卷曲形成中空的管状结构，其径向尺寸只有纳米级，而轴向长度可达微米级，具有高强质轻、高模量、高熔点、导电导热性好等特点，为发展新型传感器提供了可能。由碳纳米管制成的传感器具有高灵敏度、高适应性、低工作温度等特点，在生物、化学、机械、航空、土木等领域具有广泛的应用前景。目前应用碳纳米管制作的传感器主要包括：力学传感器、化学传感器、温度传感器、气体传感器、生物传感器等，在各领域中表现出耗能低、操作安全、可靠度好、可选择性强等优点。对于土木工程领域，碳纳米管已经用来制作应变传感器检测结构关键部位的应力情况，其他方面的研究还鲜有报道。
发明内容
本发明使用碳纳米管为传感器材料，建立传感器应变和钢筋锈蚀深度之间的关系来判定钢筋的锈蚀状态，在不破坏混凝土结构强度和完整性的条件下，对钢筋混凝土结构耐久性进行评价。
本发明提供了一种钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋腐蚀的碳纳米管检测装置，包括与工程所用钢筋材质相同的半圆柱体钢筋棒、碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅、保护层、检测仪，所述碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅固定在钢筋棒上，保护层喷涂在碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅上，碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅通过导线与检测仪连接。
本发明所述传感器原理为通过碳纳米管薄膜作为敏感材料，固定在钢筋表面形成腐蚀传感器，钢筋锈蚀产生体积膨胀的锈蚀产物并导致碳纳米管受拉伸应力而变形，基于碳纳米管的压阻特性，其电阻率随即发生改变，根据混凝土保护层锈胀时钢筋锈蚀深度理论模型，建立传感器应变与钢筋锈蚀深度的关系，从而监测钢筋的锈蚀状态。
本发明所述传感器应变与钢筋锈蚀深度的具体关系为根据混凝土保护层锈胀时钢筋锈蚀深度理论模型，可知钢筋锈蚀产物引起的混凝土径向位移如式1所示：
u x = ( n - 1 ) ( 2 R 0 x - x 2 ) - d ( 2 R 0 + d ) R i + R 0 + d
式1
式中，R0为未腐蚀的钢筋半径，Rs为锈蚀后的钢筋半径，Rd为钢筋中心到混凝土圆柱体内半径的距离，Rr为锈蚀产物外半径，Ri为混凝土开裂区的半径，ux为钢筋锈蚀产物引起的混凝土径向位移，d=Rd－R0为钢筋混凝土空隙的间距，n为钢筋锈蚀产物的膨胀率，x为钢筋锈蚀的深度。
腐蚀发生后钢筋的径向应变如式2所示：
ϵ = R r - R 0 R 0 = d + u x R 0
式2
式中，ε为钢筋径向应变。
将式1带入式2，可得钢筋锈蚀深度与传感器应变ε的关系：
ϵ = ( R i - R 0 ) d + ( n - 1 ) ( 2 R 0 x - x 2 ) R 0 ( R i + R 0 + d )
式3
本发明所述碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅优选为通过胶基固定在钢筋棒上，所述碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅利用静电吸引作用交替沉积聚阳离子和碳纳米管制成，所述胶基可以发生较大的变形，是碳纳米管敏感栅的载体和应变的中间发生源。
本发明在碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅表面喷涂聚全氟乙丙烯作为保护层，目的为了防止高温、空气、化学腐蚀等对传感器的影响。
本发明有益效果为：
①碳纳米管检测装置具有灵敏度高，抗干扰能力强，稳定性好，应变响应速率快，可重复测量等特点，能够有效监测钢筋的锈蚀深度，对钢筋是否脱钝和锈蚀发生程度进行定量评价，从而对外部环境如碳化作用和氯离子侵蚀等引起的钢筋混凝土结构耐久性退化进行评判；
②碳纳米管检测装置工艺简单、使用方便，可用于钢筋混凝土抗腐蚀薄弱部位耐久性的检测；
③碳纳米管检测装置使用碳纳米管作为敏感材料，相对于传统敏感材料具有耐腐蚀、力学性能好、适应性好、工作状态稳定、可重复测量、不易于损坏等特点，用来检测钢筋的锈蚀程度具有较高的可靠性和精确度。
附图说明
本发明附图2幅，
图1为实施例1中基于碳纳米管的钢筋锈蚀传感器的结构示意图；
其中，1、钢筋棒，2、碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅，3、保护层，4、检测仪，5、胶基。
图2为锈蚀钢筋与混凝土模型图；
其中，1、锈蚀后的钢筋半径，2、未腐蚀的钢筋半径，3、锈蚀产物外半径，4、钢筋中心到混凝土圆柱体内半径的距离，5、混凝土开裂区的半径。
具体实施方式
下述非限制性实施例可以使本领域的普通技术人员更全面地理解本发明，但不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1
一种钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋腐蚀的碳纳米管检测装置，包括与工程所用钢筋材质相同的半圆柱体钢筋棒1、碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅2、保护层3、检测仪4，所述碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅2通过胶基5固定在钢筋棒1上，保护层3喷涂在碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅2上，碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅2通过导线与检测仪4连接。

Claims (2)

1.一种钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋腐蚀的碳纳米管检测装置，包括与工程所用钢筋材质相同的半圆柱体钢筋棒（1）、碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅（2）、保护层（3）、检测仪（4），所述碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅（2）固定在钢筋棒（1）上，保护层（3）喷涂在碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅（2）上，碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅（2）通过导线与检测仪（4）连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述碳纳米管薄膜敏感栅（2）通过胶基（5）固定在钢筋棒（1）上。
CN201310204752.5A 2013-05-27 2013-05-27 一种钢筋混凝土构件中钢筋腐蚀的碳纳米管检测装置 Expired - Fee Related CN103293092B (zh)

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CN104215569A (zh) * 2014-09-01 2014-12-17 北京科技大学 一种混凝土内钢筋锈蚀与应力状态原位监测方法
CN104215569B (zh) * 2014-09-01 2016-08-10 北京科技大学 一种混凝土内钢筋锈蚀与应力状态原位监测方法
CN107014744A (zh) * 2017-04-24 2017-08-04 湘潭大学 一种钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋锈蚀率监测装置及监测方法
CN107014744B (zh) * 2017-04-24 2019-06-18 湘潭大学 一种钢筋混凝土结构中钢筋锈蚀率监测装置及监测方法

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