CN103292975A - Flow field observing device for oil cavity - Google Patents
Flow field observing device for oil cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN103292975A CN103292975A CN201310215739XA CN201310215739A CN103292975A CN 103292975 A CN103292975 A CN 103292975A CN 201310215739X A CN201310215739X A CN 201310215739XA CN 201310215739 A CN201310215739 A CN 201310215739A CN 103292975 A CN103292975 A CN 103292975A
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Abstract
A flow field observing device for an oil cavity comprises the oil cavity, a loop system and a PIV (particle image velocimetry) system. The oil cavity comprises a base boss, an annular side wall and a carrier. The base boss is fixed on a base through bolts, and both the base boss and the base are provided with through holes with pipes embedded to be as inlet pipes of the oil cavity. The annular side wall is sleeved on the periphery of the base boss, a support platform, a spindle and the carrier are sequentially arranged above the annular side wall from top to bottom, the support platform is fixed on the base through the bolts, and the spindle and the support platform are connected through bearings and bearing end caps. The spindle is externally connected with a motor, the spindle and the carrier are fixedly connected, and the carrier and the annular side wall do not contact to form a gap. The loop system comprises a high-level water tank, a low-level water tank, a water pump, a valve and a water tank. The PIV system comprises a laser, a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, a synchronous controller and a computer. The flow field observing device is simple and convenient, results are accurate and reliable, variations of the flow field structure in the oil cavity under different conditions can be researched, all results are rich, and various states of the flow field can be observed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device and method of operating of the observation oil pocket interior flow field structure that can experimentize.
Background technology
In the fluid power system (as hydrostatic transmission, hydraulic fluid dynamic lubrication and dynamic and static pressure supporting system etc.), between all parts that relative motion arranged, certain slit (or gap) must be arranged, and the dynamics of the mobile and liquid film of viscous fluid has extensive influence to integral working and the operational reliability of system in the microscale slit.Growing along with modern society's science and technology, aeronautical and space technology, shipping industry, auto industry and highly sophisticated device application have had significant progress, have all proposed more and more higher requirement for machining precision, size, load-bearing capacity and the process velocity etc. of lathe.At a high speed, the numerical control machine tool of heavy duty, high precision, good stability is the inexorable trend of following machine industry development.Manufacturing and designing this class large-size numerical control machine all has higher requirement for aspects such as structure, environment.
The subject matter of domestic numerical control process equipment existence at present is that the external like product of the running accuracy of worktable rotating disk is low, and production efficiency is low, and machining precision is poor.How to improve bearing capacity, working (machining) efficiency and the machining precision of large-sized numerical control process equipment worktable, development high speed, heavy duty, high precision, high performance numerically controlled processing equipment, improving competitiveness in the international market is one of at present very urgent task.Carry forward vigorously and develop the equipment manufacture of autonomous innovation along with country, to manufacturing and designing high-grade, digitally controlled machine tools and basis manufacturing equipment, press for and grasp a collection of gordian technique, realize the production that part is equipped first cover, fill the domestic gaps, thereby progressively change the passive situation that core technology and critical equipment rely on external introduction fully.
The vibration that lathe produces in the course of the work, member wearing and tearing, distortion, heat etc. are the key factors that influences machining precision, restriction working (machining) efficiency.And the liquid static-pressure support technology is because good, the characteristics such as frictional resistance is little, long service life, anti-seismic performance is good, precision is high, good stability of load-carrying properties that himself have, these problems that occur easily in the lathe course of work can be solved well, the machining precision of lathe can be improved effectively.Therefore, the liquid static-pressure support technology has been applied in the modern machine more and more, and becomes core component gradually.The quality of its load-carrying properties and greasy property will directly have influence on whole lathe reliability of operation, life-span and economic target.Therefore, significant for the liquid static-pressure support Study on Technology in the numerically-controlled machine.
Liquid static-pressure support is the sliding bearing that comes bearing load by means of the hydrostatic pressure between input supporting workplace, it is sent into lubricating oil between the carrying gap (basic platform and motion platform) by external pressure, force to form oil film, loading end is separated, form the oil film of big rigidity.In the turret systems of using liquid hydrostatic support technology, it is core component that lubricating oil static pressure oil pocket mobile and the formation oil film supporting can be provided, and the load-carrying properties of oil pocket and stability are the key factors that influences hydrostatic support system bearing performance.The load-carrying properties of oil pocket are directly determining the working ability of lathe.The load-bearing capacity of single oil pocket is more strong, means under the situation of oil pocket fixed number, and the load that whole hydrostatic support system can carry is more big, and the big component processing ability that lathe has is more strong.Therefore, the research of oil pocket load-carrying properties heavy-duty, the large scale development for lathe had great significance.The stability of oil pocket refers to the stability of oil pocket carrying in the turret systems steady operation process, and this directly influences the stationarity of turntable operation process, for machine finish very significant effects is arranged.The stability of oil pocket is more good, and then the running of the turntable course of work is more steady, and the machining precision of lathe is more high.Therefore, the oil pocket Study on Stability is had very important significance for improving machine finish.
The load-carrying properties of oil pocket mainly refer to the average pressure value in the oil pocket cavity.Under the situation that geometric condition is fixed, topmost influence factor is the attribute of lubricating oil and the thickness of oil film.The stability of oil pocket mainly refers to the distribution situation of pressure in the oil pocket, and the stability of the more even then oil pocket of oil pocket pressure distribution is more good.The major influence factors that oil pocket pressure is distributed is the mobility status of oil pocket, i.e. the distribution situation of oil pocket flow field mesoscale eddies.Diverse location, the vortex of varying strength all can be distributed with in various degree influence to oil pocket pressure.Therefore, study different factors the influence of vortex is had very important meaning for oil pocket stability, machine finish.
Consider that from the requirement that improves liquid static-pressure support load-bearing capacity and performance, advanced field technology development trend and the aspects such as needs that adapt to made with high precision load-carrying properties and the flow field mesoscale eddies distribution situation of oil pocket are vital in the research THE HYDROSTATIC SUPPORTING SYSTEM.
Because this class flow field structure is complicated, is subjected to the influence of extraneous factor very big, repeatability is relatively poor, is not easy characteristics such as observation, and experimental study seldom lacks this class empirical model and observation method.Thereby the research of this class inside cavity flow field structure adopted the method for numerical simulation mostly, and and model and boundary condition are simplified, can not very real reflection actual flow, thereby limited this Study on Flow.
Along with the development of observation technology, we introduce the flow field structure that the particle image velocimetry technology is observed oil pocket inside.Particle image velocimetry technology (Particle Image Velocimetry, PIV) be a kind of advanced person's whole flow field velocity measuring technique, can in Study on Flow Field, obtain to use widely with recording the velocity distribution of a large amount of spatial point in a flash and showing instantaneous flow field space structure.Adopt the particle image velocimetry technology that non-cpntact measurement is carried out in the oil pocket flow field, can avoid the interference of stream field, improve measuring accuracy, and effectively verify numerical simulation result.
According to requirement and the actual oil pocket structure of PIV technology, we design and have processed oil pocket flow field observation device, study the variation of flow field structure by changing each parameter, find out various extraneous factors to the influence of oil pocket flow field structure.
Summary of the invention
Content purpose of the present invention is complicated at oil pocket interior flow field structure, influenced greatly by extraneous factor, and repeatability is relatively poor, be not easy characteristics such as observation, adopted a kind of new measuring method, and designed corresponding experimental provision and experimental technique, reduced the interference of extraneous factor, good reproducibility.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: oil pocket flow field observation device is placed an independent closed fluid loop system, adopt the PIV technology that the oil pocket interior flow field is observed,
Comprise oil pocket, circuit system and PIV system three parts, wherein:
Oil pocket comprises base boss, annular sidewall and plummer; Base boss is by being bolted on the base, and both central through holes embed a pipe, as the inlet tube of oil pocket; Annular sidewall is sleeved on the periphery of base boss;
The annular sidewall top has brace table, main shaft and plummer from top to bottom successively; Brace table couples together main shaft and brace table by bearing and bearing (ball) cover by being bolted on the base; The external motor of main shaft; Main shaft and plummer are fastenedly connected; Do not contact between plummer and the annular sidewall and form the gap;
Circuit system comprises head-tank, low pool, and water pump, valve and tank, these parts link together by pipeline; Head-tank is connected by water pump with low pool; Head-tank is connected tank by valve respectively with low pool; Head-tank is placed on the position that is higher than tank, and inside is provided with overflow vent; Oil pocket is placed in the tank, and is immersed in the liquid; Low pool is placed on the position that is lower than tank;
The PIV system comprises laser instrument, CCD camera, isochronous controller and computing machine; Isochronous controller is with laser instrument, and CCD camera and computing machine link together, and is used for controlling CCD camera and laser instrument, makes both can synchronous working; Computing machine connects CCD camera and isochronous controller.
Be provided with heating arrangement in the oil pocket again.
Circuit system comprises head-tank, low pool, and water pump, valve, flowmeter and tank, these parts link together by flexible pipe.Head-tank is connected by water pump with low pool; Head-tank is connected tank by valve respectively with low pool; Head-tank is placed on the position that is higher than tank, and inside is provided with overflow vent, guarantees that liquid level is constant.Oil pocket is placed in the tank, and is immersed in the liquid.Head-tank is to weaken the impulse hunting effect that the pump fluid flow produces, and guarantees that the fluid that flows into oil pocket flows stable.Low pool is placed on the position that is lower than tank, is to store the fluid that flows out from tank, and provides fluid for head-tank.If the liquid level in the head-tank surpasses the height of overflow vent, the fluid in the head-tank will flow into the low pool from overflow vent.Valve is the size of controlling fluid flow.Flowmeter is the size of measuring flow in the flexible pipe.Water pump is that the liquid in the low pool is pumped in the head-tank.
The PIV system comprises laser instrument, CCD camera, isochronous controller and data terminal computing machine.Laser instrument is the laser of launching certain pulse and intensity, the CCD camera is used for taking particle picture, and isochronous controller is with laser instrument, and CCD camera and data terminal computing machine link together, be used for controlling CCD camera and laser instrument, make both can synchronous working.The data terminal computing machine is to handle the photo that CCD takes, and generates corresponding polar plot and vorticity figure, and can control and adjust the duty of laser instrument and CCD camera.
The present invention is simple to operation, and the result can comprehensively change the flow field structure variation that these factors are studied different condition lower oil cavitie inside accurately and reliably continuously, and the gained result is abundant, can observe the various states in flow field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 oil pocket flow field observation device wiring layout
Fig. 2 oil pocket vertical view
Fig. 3 experimental system figure
Flow field structure figure when Fig. 4 oil pocket degree of depth is 9 mm, PIV particle figure (on) and numerical simulation motion pattern (descending)
Oil pocket flow field structure figure during Fig. 5 difference entrance Reynolds number, PIV particle figure (left side) and PIV polar plot (right side) be Re=140 (a), (b) Re=630, (c) Re=910, (d) Re=1190, (e) Re=1400, (f) Re=1610
Oil pocket flow field structure figure during Fig. 6 difference oil pocket degree of depth, PIV particle figure (left side) and PIV polar plot (right side) be H=6 mm (a), (b) H=9 mm, (c) H=12 mm, (d) H=15 mm, (e) H=18 mm
Embodiment
1, according to shown in Figure 3 the relevant apparatus assembling is coupled together, oil pocket is placed in the tank.Adjust the position of laser instrument, CCD camera and oil pocket, camera can be known photograph relevant zone.
Wherein oil pocket comprises base boss 10, annular sidewall 7 and plummer 6.Base boss 10 is by being bolted on the base 9, and both central through holes embed a pipe, as the inlet tube of oil pocket.Annular sidewall 7 is sleeved on the periphery of base boss 10, by O-ring seal 8 sealings.
Plummer 6 is by being bolted on the shell 5, and heater coil 12 is fixed on the plummer 6 by fixed head 11.Main shaft 4 and plummer 6 are fastenedly connected.Brace table 2 is by being bolted on the base, changes distance between plummer 6 and the annular sidewall 7 by regulating bolt.Bearing 3 and bearing (ball) cover 1 each two couple together main shaft 4 and brace table 2.Main shaft 4 external motors.Fluid flows into oil pocket from the inlet tube of base boss 10, flows out oil pocket from the gap location between plummer 6 and the annular sidewall again.
2, the liquid that will be added with trace particle is poured in the low pool, starts water pump, allows liquid flow at whole circuit system.Change the rotating speed of pump, regulate the flow size that enters experiment oil pocket model inside.
3, treat circuit system flow stable after, start the PIV system, regulate laser instrument and CCD camera, make the clear picture of shooting, change the rotating speed of pump and the height of head-tank, oil pocket fields inside structure during the observation different flow.
4, regulate bolt length and annular sidewall 7 height on the brace table 2, change the distance between plummer 6 and annular sidewall 7, the base boss 10, oil pocket interior flow field structure when observing the different oil pocket degree of depth and sealing oil edge gap.
5, give heater coil 12 energisings, oil pocket interior flow field structure during the observation different temperatures.
6, main shaft 4 is external, oil pocket interior flow field structure when the sight motor is examined plummer 6 rotations.
Observed result
1, experiment and numerical simulation contrast
Fluid enters oil pocket inside through inlet duct, because entrance effect and The Effect of Inertia Force, a series of separation flow and attachment phenomenon again will appear in fluid in oil pocket, thereby will form a series of whirlpools born of the same parents' structure.Being illustrated in figure 4 as the oil pocket degree of depth is 9mm, and the entrance Reynolds number is 140,630 and 980 o'clock oil pocket interior flow field structural drawing.PIV particle figure is the particle picture that obtains in the PIV experiment, and the numerical simulation motion pattern is the motion pattern that numerical simulation obtains under the identical Re.As can be seen from the figure, along with the increase of Re, flow field structure is complicated gradually.Born of the same parents' structure flow field, single whirlpool (as Fig. 4 (a)) by having only initial independent whirlpool born of the same parents' structure to exist at first carries out the transition to born of the same parents' structure flow field, three whirlpools (as Fig. 4 (c)) gradually.When Re=140, have only main whirlpool born of the same parents' structure to exist in the flow field, and near oil pocket central inlet place, along rotation counterclockwise.Along with the increase of Re, this whirlpool born of the same parents' size begins to increase, and moves towards side wall surface.When Re=630, between main whirlpool born of the same parents and side wall surface, produce second whirlpool born of the same parents.When main whirlpool born of the same parents move to side wall surface, it is increasing that the fluid that separates with main whirlpool born of the same parents is subjected to the inhibition of oil pocket side wall surface, the violent change takes place in flow direction, becomes the parallel sides wall by original vertical side wall, thereby produces the second whirlpool born of the same parents that turn clockwise between main whirlpool born of the same parents and side wall surface.When Re=980, because the increase of flow field velocity, the suffered inertial force of fluid increases, and main whirlpool born of the same parents will drive surrounding fluid and move, thus below main whirlpool born of the same parents with the 3rd whirlpool born of the same parents that occur turning clockwise.Numerical simulation result and PIV experimental result are identical substantially.
2, the oil pocket degree of depth is 12 mm, flow field structure figure during different entrance Reynolds number
During different Re master whirlpool born of the same parents' variation as shown in Figure 5, as can be seen from the figure there are main whirlpool born of the same parents all the time in Re in 140-1610 scope flow field.This whirlpool born of the same parents are because fluid enters the oil pocket from the entrance high velocity jet, and the flow direction sudden change forms behind the impact upper wall surface.Along with the increase of Re, the kinetic energy of fluid increases, and main whirlpool born of the same parents' size and coverage are also increasing.When Re greater than 910 the time, main whirlpool born of the same parents' position will no longer change.Simultaneously because the increase of whirlpool born of the same parents' flow field velocity with driving fluid motion on every side, forms new whirlpool born of the same parents in its vicinity.When Re is 630, born of the same parents flow field, main whirlpool will drive the fluid motion between main whirlpool born of the same parents and the side wall surface, form the second whirlpool born of the same parents that turn clockwise.Along with main whirlpool born of the same parents move to side wall surface, the second whirlpool born of the same parents will be pushed to side wall surface and move, and near behind the side wall surface, will be subjected to the inhibition of side wall surface.Last continuous compressed distortion under side wall surface and main whirlpool born of the same parents' effect, size reduces gradually, disappears at the sealing oil edge place of side wall surface at last.Therefore when Re second whirlpool born of the same parents disappearance greater than 910 time.Less than 910 o'clock, because the space between main whirlpool born of the same parents and the lower wall surface is less, there are not enough spaces to produce the 3rd whirlpool born of the same parents at Re.Along with the increase of Re, main whirlpool born of the same parents begin to move to side wall surface, and the space between main whirlpool born of the same parents and the lower wall surface is increasing, and the viscous force between fluid also increasing, for the 3rd whirlpool born of the same parents' generation provides space and power.When Re was 1190, the 3rd whirlpool born of the same parents began to occur.Along with the continuation increase of Re, the 3rd whirlpool born of the same parents' size is also increasing, and coverage constantly enlarges, as shown in Figure 5.
3, the entrance Reynolds number is 980, flow field structure figure during the different oil pocket degree of depth
Fig. 6 is the flow field figure of the different oil pocket degree of depth in Re=980.Oil pocket degree of depth stream field structure has very big influence as seen from the figure.Along with the oil pocket degree of depth increases to 18 mm from 6 mm, whirlpool born of the same parents' quantity and size are also changing in the flow field.All the time have main whirlpool born of the same parents in the flow field, along with the increase of the oil pocket degree of depth, main whirlpool born of the same parents' size is increasing gradually, and move to the side wall surface place along radial direction the center of vorticity position.When the degree of depth was 15 mm and 18 mm, main whirlpool born of the same parents were near side wall surface, and the radial direction size no longer increases, and the axial direction size continues to increase.At H≤12 mm, between main whirlpool born of the same parents and side wall surface, there be second whirlpool born of the same parents.Along with the increase of H, the second whirlpool born of the same parents' size increases along radial and axial direction.Owing to be subjected to main whirlpool born of the same parents' impetus, the second whirlpool born of the same parents also move to side wall surface along radial direction.Behind the close side wall surface of the second whirlpool born of the same parents, will be subjected to the squeezing action of main whirlpool born of the same parents and side wall surface, whirlpool born of the same parents' radial direction size will reduce.Along with the continuation increase of H, the second whirlpool born of the same parents finally disappear.As enough hour of H, because strong axial diffusion flows, the eddy current that produces separation flow at oil pocket lower wall surface place was suppressed, thereby the 3rd whirlpool born of the same parents can not occur.Only when H was enough big, the 3rd whirlpool born of the same parents just can produce.This whirlpool born of the same parents are attached on the oil pocket lower wall surface, are surrounded by main whirlpool born of the same parents.Main relatively whirlpool born of the same parents, the 3rd whirlpool born of the same parents are small-sized, and around the clockwise direction rotation, opposite with main whirlpool born of the same parents.
Claims (2)
1. oil pocket flow field observation device is characterized in that:
Comprise oil pocket, circuit system and PIV system three parts, wherein:
Oil pocket comprises base boss, annular sidewall and plummer; Base boss is by being bolted on the base, and both central through holes embed a pipe, as the inlet tube of oil pocket; Annular sidewall is sleeved on the periphery of base boss;
The annular sidewall top has brace table, main shaft and plummer from top to bottom successively; Brace table couples together main shaft and brace table by bearing and bearing (ball) cover by being bolted on the base; The external motor of main shaft; Main shaft and plummer are fastenedly connected; Do not contact between plummer and the annular sidewall and form the gap;
Circuit system comprises head-tank, low pool, and water pump, valve and tank, these parts link together by pipeline; Head-tank is connected by water pump with low pool; Head-tank is connected tank by valve respectively with low pool; Head-tank is placed on the position that is higher than tank, and inside is provided with overflow vent; Oil pocket is placed in the tank, and is immersed in the liquid; Low pool is placed on the position that is lower than tank;
The PIV system comprises laser instrument, CCD camera, isochronous controller and computing machine; Isochronous controller is with laser instrument, and CCD camera and computing machine link together, and is used for controlling CCD camera and laser instrument, makes both can synchronous working; Computing machine connects CCD camera and isochronous controller.
2. oil pocket according to claim 1 flow field observation device is characterized in that: be provided with heating arrangement in the oil pocket again.
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| CN201310215739.XA CN103292975B (en) | 2013-06-01 | 2013-06-01 | Oil pocket flow observation device |
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| CN201310215739.XA CN103292975B (en) | 2013-06-01 | 2013-06-01 | Oil pocket flow observation device |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN105424313A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-03-23 | 中国计量学院 | Gas flow field detecting device in static pressure gas bearing and use method thereof |
| CN107421714A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-01 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of movable oil pocket observation device of loading end |
| CN107764511A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-03-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of rock salt is to the molten cavity flow field of well water and simulation of carbon concentration field experimental method |
| CN110456098A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-15 | 北京工业大学 | It is a kind of to avoid reflective retaining device for PIV experiment |
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| CN107421714A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-12-01 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of movable oil pocket observation device of loading end |
| CN107764511A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2018-03-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of rock salt is to the molten cavity flow field of well water and simulation of carbon concentration field experimental method |
| CN110456098A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-15 | 北京工业大学 | It is a kind of to avoid reflective retaining device for PIV experiment |
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|---|---|
| CN103292975B (en) | 2016-04-27 |
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