CN103279627B - A kind of heat-machinery based on finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation - Google Patents
A kind of heat-machinery based on finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of heat-machinery based on finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation, it comprises the following steps: set up finite element model; By heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling process discretize; Commercial finite element software is utilized to carry out hot-machine coupling analysis; Export the right temperature field of contact and contact field; Calculate wear extent, determine wear direction; Output node wear extent and wear direction; Revise nodal displacement, upgrade finite element model; Judge whether all incremental steps complete all, if do not completed, return cycling, until all incremental steps complete all, if completed, export the contact field distribution corresponding to contact node of all incremental steps, thermo parameters method and wear extent distribution.Due to the present invention using commercial finite element software as platform, therefore simple and reliable, the calculating of wear extent completes in finite element software inside, efficient fast.The present invention can be widely used in relating in the structure analysis of dry sliding friction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for numerical simulation, particularly about a kind of be applicable to simulating contact in part dry sliding friction process between the heat-machinery based on the finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation of contact, frictional heat and wear process.
Background technology
The damage of component of machine is often relevant to rubbing wear situation between part.Compared with the rubbing wear phenomenon of other types, dry Sliding Friction Wear can cause larger infringement to part.In prior art, the production of component of machine designs product usually first according to actual needs, product is added that load is tested, if product does not reach designing requirement and redesigns product in experimentation, and then test, until product is qualified, this process is not only consuming time longer, and rework rate is higher, cause that production cost is comparatively large and efficiency is lower.The phenomenon utilizing method for numerical simulation to simulate exactly to occur in dry-charged plates process can predict the serviceable life of product, improves the design proposal of parts, saves R&D costs.
Contact between dry sliding friction be a kind of heat-machinery-rubbing wear coupling phenomenon strongly.Heat of friction mainly results from the rubbing contact top layer between two surface of contact, and the heat flow density that local, contact top layer produces is relevant with Relative sliding speed with tangent direction friction stress.Heat flow density is usually very high, the temperature of surface of contact can be caused to raise rapidly, and opened by heat conducting mode bamboo telegraph.At higher temperature and thermograde, there is warpage due to thermal deformation in surface of contact particularly friction surface, causes the redistribution of contact.Under contact and relative sliding, surface in contact weares and teares gradually.Due to contact between contact skewness and diverse location place Relative sliding speed there are differences, therefore the wear extent at surface of contact diverse location place is also unequal.The unevenness that this surface of contact weares and teares can cause the redistribution of contact, and then affects the distribution of tangent direction friction stress, and causes heat flow density to change.On the other hand, the change of temperature also significantly can change the rubbing characteristics of contact to material, such as, change friction factor and the coefficient of waste, also can change the constitutive bchavior of material, causes degradation under Materials Yield Limit, hardness.Therefore, contact between temperature field, contact field and wear extent strongly intercouple.Therefore, only have the research that they to be coupled, could predict exactly contact between rubbing wear phenomenon.
Contact problems are strong nonlinearity problem inherently, again owing to there is above-mentioned multi-scenarios method phenomenon, therefore may try to achieve the analytic solution of this problem hardly.In current commercial Application, often ignore impact and the non-linear factor of multi-scenarios method, individually solve contact condition, Temperature Distribution and wear extent, this makes result of calculation very inaccurate.Another means in commercial Application obtain related data by experiment, but experimental cost is higher, and can only obtain the information of some point in experimentation, cannot obtain the distribution of data in whole region.Along with the progress of finite element technique, the especially large commercial finite element software development of advancing by leaps and bounds, the numerical value answer that strong nonlinearity problem and multi-scenarios method problem can utilize these softwares to obtain feeling quite pleased.Unfortunately, current finite element software can only solve hot-machine coupling problem, but cannot simulating contact between wear process.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of heat-machinery based on finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation, can more intactly simulate dry sliding wear process, accurately obtain contacting in dry sliding friction process between contact field distribution, thermo parameters method and wear extent distribution.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of heat-machinery based on finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation, and it comprises the following steps: 1) set up finite element model respectively to two right parts of formation contact; 2) N number of incremental step is turned to by discrete for heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling process duration course; 3) respectively 4 are entered to each incremental step) ~ 8) operate; 4) carry out hot-machine coupling analysis at each incremental step to the right finite element model of contact, obtain the right contact corresponding to all contact nodes of contact and temperature, described contact node comprises boundary node and non-boundary node; 5) contact and the temperature of the right all contact nodes of the corresponding contact of each incremental step is exported, in order to draw corresponding cloud atlas; 6) according to the Relative sliding speed of contact field distribution and contact node, calculate the wear extent of each contact node of part separately on surface of contact that contact with each other, and determine the wear direction of each contact node; 7) wear extent and the wear direction of all contact nodes obtained in step 6 is exported, in order to draw wear extent cloud atlas; 8) displacement of contact with the relative tangentially contact node that slippage is all non-vanishing is revised, upgrade finite element model; 9) judge whether all incremental steps complete all, if do not completed, return step 4), cycling, until all incremental steps complete all; If completed, export the contact field distribution corresponding to contact node of all incremental steps, thermo parameters method and wear extent distribution.
Described step 2) adopt explicit Euler forward integration rule discretize is carried out to heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling process duration course, in discretization process, incremental step number and incremental step size meet following formula:
In formula, Δ t
lbe l incremental step time size, N is whole coupling process incremental step number, and T is the T.T. length of coupling process.
In described step 6), the calculating of wear extent adopts Archard wearing and tearing rule, and its formula is:
Δh＝k
d·p
c·Δs
In formula, Δ h is node wear extent, k
dfor fret wear coefficient, p
cfor node contact pressure, Δ s is the displacement of node Relative sliding.
The determination mode of wear direction in described step 6): for non-boundary node, wear direction is the method direction on its surface, place; For boundary node, wear direction is the line direction of itself and thickness direction corresponding point.
Described step 8) is carried out correction to contact with the relative tangentially displacement of the contact node that slippage is all non-vanishing and is adopted ALE method, the action scope of ALE is all unit comprising the node needing amendment displacement, the restriction range of ALE is all nodes needing to revise displacement, and the constrained type of ALE is displacement constraint or constraint of velocity.
The present invention is owing to taking above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is coupled calculates contacting right pressure, temperature and wearing and tearing in the dry sliding friction process of part, can predict more exactly contact between rubbing wear phenomenon.2, the present invention turns to N number of incremental step by discrete for heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling process duration course, and respectively each incremental step is carried out to the calculating of contact field, temperature field and wear extent, the information of a lot of point can be obtained according to actual needs, and then obtain the distribution of data in whole region, therefore according to obtaining the contact field distribution of part, thermo parameters method and wear extent distribution in advance, the serviceable life of prediction product, improve the design proposal of parts, save R&D costs, lower rework rate, effectively enhance productivity.3, owing to present invention uses ALE method, according to wear extent and the wear direction correction nodal displacement of surface of contact node, achieve the coupling completely of heat-machinery-wearing and tearing, and the increment step-length of Explicit euler method can well be controlled, therefore, it is possible to improve counting yield and the computational accuracy of emulation.4, the present invention calculates hot-machine coupling process owing to utilizing commercial finite element software, arrange simple, easy left-hand seat, avoid numerous and diverse calculating, there is higher precision and accuracy, and the calculating of wear extent also can utilize the subroutine of finite element software to calculate, do not need third party software, eliminate data transmission with mutual, accelerate the speed of access result data, improve efficiency.Usable range of the present invention is wide, can be widely used in all kinds ofly relating in the wear simulation of contact, is particularly applicable to instruct various mechanical component to manufacture or in automobile brake abrasion analysis.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is cube pad of the present invention and ring rotation dish contact wear process schematic;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet that the present invention simulates heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling process;
Fig. 3 is the present invention's heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling Simulation effect schematic diagram, and Fig. 3 (a) is that cube pad Pad.N25 contact changes schematic diagram in time, and horizontal ordinate is time Time, and unit is s, and ordinate is pressure CPress, and unit is MPa; Fig. 3 (b) is that cube pad Pad.N25 temperature changes schematic diagram in time, and horizontal ordinate is time Time, and unit is s, and ordinate is temperature Temperature, and unit is DEG C; Fig. 3 (c) is that ring rotation dish Dish.N11 temperature changes schematic diagram in time, and horizontal ordinate is time Time, and unit is s, and ordinate is temperature Temperature, and unit is DEG C; Fig. 3 (d) is that cube pad Pad.N25 cumulative attrition amount changes schematic diagram in time, and horizontal ordinate is time Time, and unit is s, and ordinate is wear extent Wear, and unit is um.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, form two right parts of contact in the embodiment of the present invention and comprise a cube pad 1(Pad) and a ring rotation dish 2(Dish), cube pad 1 compresses ring rotation dish 2 under the 1Mpa pressure effect of setting, ring rotation dish 2 rotates with the constant rotational speed 15r/s of setting, unlubricated between two feature contacts faces, friction factor is 0.37.In this example within the cycle that ring rotation dish 2 rotates a circle, cube pad 1 is in contact wear state all the time, and ring rotation dish 2 is in Intermittent Contact state of wear, therefore in whole process the wear extent of cube pad 1 much larger than ring rotation dish 2, so only consider the wearing and tearing of cube pad 1 in this example, and ring rotation dish 2 is used as rigid body process.If contact with each other two parts all have comparatively galling amount, then need the wearing and tearing simultaneously considering both, the method to set up of each parts depreciation is identical with the wearing and tearing method to set up of cube pad 1.The present invention by with to simulate under this operating mode cube pad 1 and ring rotation dish 2 this to contacting the heat-machinery within the 1s time-for embodiment, the present invention is described in detail in wearing and tearing coupling behavior.
As shown in Figure 2, the present invention is based on the method for numerical simulation of the heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling behavior of finite element, comprise the following steps:
1, respectively finite element model is set up to two right parts of formation contact.
As shown in Figure 1, adopt existing commercial finite element software such as ABAQUS(as example, but be not limited thereto, can other finite element software of choice for use according to actual needs) respectively finite element model is set up to cube pad 1 and ring rotation dish 2, concrete modeling method is that prior art does not repeat them here.The material parameter set up selected by finite element model cube pad 1 and ring rotation dish 2 in the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in table 1, and the contact performance of two finite element analysis models is as shown in table 2, and the system of units in table 1 and table 2 adopts International System of Units.
Table 1 material parameter
Table 2 contact performance
2, N number of incremental step is turned to by discrete for heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling process duration course.
The present invention adopt explicit Euler forward integration rule discretize is carried out to heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling process duration course, think after discretize heat in each incremental step, machinery and wearing and tearing three field variable remain unchanged.In discretization process, incremental step number and incremental step size meet following formula:
In formula, Δ t
lbe l incremental step time size, N is whole coupling process incremental step number, and T is the T.T. length of coupling process.Δ t
larrange and can determine according to required problem analysis, the time period violent for coupling process midfield variable change can suitably increase incremental step number and reduce incremental step size, to improve the precision of simulation result.The whole time history of the present embodiment is 0 ~ 2s, and wherein 0 ~ 1s is preloading procedure, and 1 ~ 2s is heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling process.Heat-the machinery of this example-wearing and tearing coupling T.T. is T=1s, supposes total increment step number amount N=400, and often adjacent two incremental step time intervals equal, then Δ t
l=Δ t=0.0025s, l=1,2 ... N.
3, enter 4 ~ 8 respectively to each incremental step to operate.
4, at each incremental step, hot-machine coupling analysis is carried out to the right finite element model of contact, obtain the right contact corresponding to all contact nodes of contact and temperature; Wherein, contact node can be divided into two classes, and a class is the node (abbreviation boundary node) being positioned at surface of contact edge, and another kind of is the node (being called for short non-boundary node) being positioned at surface of contact inside.
5, contact and the temperature of the right all contact nodes of the corresponding contact of each incremental step is exported, in order to draw corresponding cloud atlas.
6, according to the Relative sliding speed of contact field distribution and contact node, calculate the wear extent of each contact node of part separately on surface of contact that contact with each other, and determine the wear direction of each contact node.In the embodiment of the present invention, the wear extent of cube pad 1 is much larger than ring rotation dish 2, therefore the wear extent of each contact node of cube pad 1 is only calculated in the present embodiment, but be not limited thereto, certain part or all parts can be selected according to actual needs to carry out the calculating of wear extent.
The calculating of wear extent adopts Archard wearing and tearing rule, and its formula is:
Δh＝k
d·p
c·Δs （2）
In formula, Δ h is node wear extent, k
dfor fret wear coefficient, p
cfor node contact pressure, Δ s is the displacement of node Relative sliding.
The incremental step time is sentenced on formula (2) both sides simultaneously, be then:
In formula,
for the rate of depreciation of node,
for node Relative sliding speed.
In formula (2) and formula (3), k
dfor known parameters can be obtained by experiment, k in the present embodiment
dget 1 × 10
-11pa
-1; p
call can read from Finite element analysis results file with Δ s;
can calculate, computing formula is:
Δ t is incremental step time size.Can in the hope of the wear extent at contact node places all in an incremental step or rate of depreciation according to formula (2) or (3).
The determination mode of wear direction: for non-boundary node, wear direction is the method direction on its surface, place, and nodal method direction can directly be read from Finite element analysis results file; For boundary node, owing to there is not method direction, wear direction is the line direction of itself and thickness direction corresponding point.
The rule of the node serial number of cube pad 1 embodiment of the present invention can be obtained (as example from Fig. 1, be not limited thereto, can be numbered according to actual needs), be numbered { 21 ~ 25,46,50,71,75,96,100,121 ~ 125 } 16 nodes (do not shown in part of nodes numbering figure) belong to boundary node, and its wear direction is as shown in table 3.9 nodes being numbered { 47-49,72-74,97-99 } (not showing in part of nodes numbering figure) belong to non-boundary node, and its wear direction directly gets the method direction on surface, node place.
Table 3 boundary node wear direction
7, wear extent and the wear direction of all contact nodes obtained in step 6 is exported, in order to draw wear extent cloud atlas.
8, the displacement of contact with the relative tangentially contact node that slippage is all non-vanishing is revised, upgrade finite element model.
Require in wear simulation process that the renewal of nodal displacement must not introduce additional node power, otherwise the renewal of nodal displacement is only equivalent to the distortion that addition of contact material, instead of contacts right wearing and tearing.Not introducing additional node power to realize the wearing and tearing of contact material, present invention employs Arbitrary Lagrangian Euler method (ALE).By ALE method, can be implemented in the displacement that lower of the prerequisite not changing its dependent variable in Finite element analysis results changes contact node.The action scope of ALE is all unit comprising the node needing amendment displacement, and the restriction range of ALE is all nodes needing to revise displacement, and the constrained type of ALE is displacement constraint or constraint of velocity.The present invention is described for constraint of velocity.
In embodiments of the invention, the wearing and tearing due to ring rotation dish 2 surface are intervals, therefore only need calculate the wearing and tearing of cube pad 1, and do not need the wearing and tearing considering ring rotation dish 2.The action scope arranging ALE is 16 unit that cube pad 1 top layer contacts with ring rotation dish 2, the node of ALE effect of contraction is 25 nodes { 21 ~ 25 that cube pad 1 contacts with ring rotation dish 2,46 ~ 50,71 ~ 75,96 ~ 100,, and claim this set to be that NSet_ALE, ALE constrained type is set to constraint of velocity 121 ~ 125 }.
The size of node speed constraint depends on node rate of depreciation and wear direction.For node i ∈ NSet_ALE, its rate of depreciation is
normalization wear direction vector is
the normalization direction vector of local coordinate system three axles is respectively
the then ALE constraint of velocity { v of this node
xi, v
yi, v
zi}
tdetermined by formula (4):
In formula,
with
can read from result of finite element file.
9, judge whether all incremental steps complete all, if do not completed, return step 4, cycling, until all incremental steps complete all; If completed, export the contact field distribution corresponding to contact node of all incremental steps, thermo parameters method and wear extent distribution.Contact field corresponding to the contact node of all incremental steps, thermo parameters method and wear extent distribution may be used for instructing the production of mechanical component or in automobile brake abrasion analysis.
As shown in Fig. 3 (a) ~ (d), Pad.N25 represents 25 nodes of cube pad 1, and this node contact stress in whole simulation process is maximum all the time, and temperature is the highest all the time, and wear extent is also maximum.The contact of observation Pad.N25 and temperature in time change curve can find, when just there is sliding friction, contact distribution is very uneven, and therefore Pad.N25 contact is greater than the 1MPa pressure at the back side.Due to frictional heat, Pad.N25 temperature rises rapidly, and thermal expansion exacerbates the unevenness of contact, and the contact of Pad.N25 raises.As time goes on, heat transfer and border thermolysis obvious gradually, the temperature of Pad.N25 tends towards stability gradually, at this moment the effect that distributes to contact of wear extent is more and more obvious, on whole surface of contact, the distribution of contact is tending towards even along with the increase of wearing and tearing gradually, and therefore the contact at Pad.N25 place reduces gradually.Pad.N25 place cumulative attrition amount depends primarily on the size of contact, and along with the reduction of contact, wear extent gathers way and slows down.
Dish.N11 is a node on ring rotation dish 2, and its initial time contacts with cube pad 1, and as N11 and cube pad 1 contact slide, its temperature raises, and when it disengages, temperature declines.In simulation process, Dish.N11 is periodically contacting and separating with cube pad 1, and therefore its temperature is in periodically rising.Because Dish rotating speed is 15r/s, therefore as shown in Figure 3 (c), there are 15 ladders in Dish.N11 temperature rise in the simulation process of 1s.
In above-described embodiment, the cloud atlas contacting right temperature field and contact field can directly utilize finite element software to draw, and the distribution contacting right wear extent needs to utilize Matlab Software on Drawing according to Output rusults.The drafting of cumulative attrition amount cloud atlas needs to add up to incremental step wear extent, and its formula is:
wherein, h (i, j) is the cumulative attrition amount of contact node i when jth incremental step, and Δ h (i, l) is for contact node i is in the wear extent of l incremental step.
The various embodiments described above are only for illustration of the present invention, and wherein each step etc. of implementation method all can change to some extent, and every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1., based on heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation of finite element, it comprises the following steps:
1) respectively finite element model is set up to two right parts of formation contact;
2) N number of incremental step is turned to by discrete for heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling process duration course;
3) respectively 4 are entered to each incremental step) ~ 8) operate;
4) carry out hot-machine coupling analysis at each incremental step to the right finite element model of contact, obtain the right contact corresponding to all contact nodes of contact and temperature, described contact node comprises boundary node and non-boundary node;
5) contact and the temperature of the right all contact nodes of the corresponding contact of each incremental step is exported, in order to draw corresponding cloud atlas;
6) according to the Relative sliding speed of contact field distribution and contact node, calculate the wear extent of each contact node of part separately on surface of contact that contact with each other, and determine the wear direction of each contact node;
7) wear extent and the wear direction of all contact nodes obtained in step 6 is exported, in order to draw wear extent cloud atlas;
8) displacement of contact with the relative tangentially contact node that slippage is all non-vanishing is revised, upgrade finite element model;
9) judge whether all incremental steps complete all, if do not completed, return step 4), cycling, until all incremental steps complete all; If completed, export the contact field distribution corresponding to contact node of all incremental steps, thermo parameters method and wear extent distribution.
2. a kind of heat-machinery based on finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2) adopt explicit Euler forward integration rule discretize is carried out to heat-machinery-wearing and tearing coupling process duration course, in discretization process, incremental step number and incremental step size meet following formula:
In formula, Δ t
lbe l incremental step time size, N is whole coupling process incremental step number, and T is the T.T. length of coupling process.
3. a kind of heat-machinery based on finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 6) in the calculating of wear extent adopt Archard to wear and tear rule, its formula is:
Δh＝k
d·p
c·Δs
In formula, Δ h is node wear extent, k
dfor fret wear coefficient, p
cfor node contact pressure, Δ s is the displacement of node Relative sliding.
4. a kind of heat-machinery based on finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described step 6) in the calculating of wear extent adopt Archard to wear and tear rule, its formula is:
Δh＝k
d·p
c·Δs
In formula, Δ h is node wear extent, k
dfor fret wear coefficient, p
cfor node contact pressure, Δ s is the displacement of node Relative sliding.
5. a kind of heat-machinery based on finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: described step 6) in the determination mode of wear direction: for non-boundary node, wear direction is the method direction on its surface, place; For boundary node, wear direction is the line direction of itself and thickness direction corresponding point.
6. a kind of heat-machinery based on finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: described step 8) correction is carried out to the displacement of the contact contact node all non-vanishing with relative tangential slippage adopt ALE method, the action scope of ALE is all unit comprising the node needing amendment displacement, the restriction range of ALE is all nodes needing to revise displacement, and the constrained type of ALE is displacement constraint or constraint of velocity.
7. a kind of heat-machinery based on finite element-wearing and tearing coupling analysis method for numerical simulation as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: described step 8) correction is carried out to the displacement of the contact contact node all non-vanishing with relative tangential slippage adopt ALE method, the action scope of ALE is all unit comprising the node needing amendment displacement, the restriction range of ALE is all nodes needing to revise displacement, and the constrained type of ALE is displacement constraint or constraint of velocity.
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| CN103678835A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-03-26 | 三峡大学 | Modeling method of motor in electromagnetic field-flow field-temperature field coupling calculation |
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| CN104239627B (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2017-04-12 | 清华大学 | Step-by-step coupling simulation method of dry sliding friction heat, stress and abrasion |
| CN104200034B (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2017-05-24 | 清华大学 | Dry sliding friction-heat-stress-abrasion sequential coupling simulation method |
| CN105973737A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-28 | 辽宁科技学院 | Method for obtaining wearing capacity of friction plate |
| CN106528957A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-03-22 | 上海市特种设备监督检验技术研究院 | Thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method for progressive safety gear of elevator |
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| CN109918704B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2024-01-23 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城航空测控技术研究所 | Die forging die life prediction method based on finite element simulation |
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