CN103279577B - Principal component analysis based steel grade inquiring and contrasting system - Google Patents
Principal component analysis based steel grade inquiring and contrasting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103279577B CN103279577B CN201310250291.5A CN201310250291A CN103279577B CN 103279577 B CN103279577 B CN 103279577B CN 201310250291 A CN201310250291 A CN 201310250291A CN 103279577 B CN103279577 B CN 103279577B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a principal component analysis based steel grade inquiring and contrasting system and belongs to the technical field of on-line data bases. The system comprises a data base server, a Web serve, a client and an application module, wherein the Web server is connected with a relational data base server, and the client is connected with the Web server; and the application module comprises a relational data base, a data entry module, a steel grade inquiring module and a steel grade contrasting module, wherein the relational data base is deployed in the relational data base server, and the data entry module, the steel grade inquiring module and the steel grade contrasting module are deployed on the Web server. Users send a Web request to the server through a Web browser on the client, and the Web server searches pages and transmits files to the Web browser on the client. The principal component analysis based steel grade inquiring and contrasting system has the advantages that steel groups are used as a data organization form, a multi-national steel and iron material layered model is established, width and depth of the model are not limited, index weight values of key chemical components are calculated in a data driven mode on the basis of the steel groups as units by means of a principal component analysis algorithm, and the similarity of overlapping degree weighting of chemical component intervals is calculated, so that accurate and reliable material inquiring and contrasting services are provided for the users.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to online database technical field, in particular, provide a kind of grade of steel based on Principal Component Analysis Algorithm
Inquiry contradistinction system, inquiry results of comparison is quantitatively given with similarity it is achieved that mating the positioning of grade of steel fast accurate.
Background technology
The reasonable selection of ferrous materials and use have vital impact to the quality of product and engineering.But material
Select often due to customer experience is not enough, method is not right, when in the face of magnanimity material data, though taking considerable time energy,
Again without choosing suitable material.Downstream industry is faced with the problem of following several general character for a long time, hinders ferrous materials
Effective selection and effective use：
1st, due to often design or the alteration stage in product and engineering that select of material, client's shortage ferrous materials choosing
Select experience it is impossible to position the scope of material requested, such as：Steel grade, performance etc..
2nd, use the experience of associated materials before even having, client is likely to be subject to the impact of thinking set or lacks
Weary new material knowledge, thus have ignored the material that some more can meet product requirement.
3rd, candidate materials are known little about it is unclear that its characteristic and possible substitute.
4th, the understanding to later product service condition and engineering operation situation is not comprehensive, the performance of indefinite material requested
Influencing each other and product between, thus comprehensive all operation factors, selects suitable steel product
5th, can be taken a substantial amount of time and manpower using the manually method of consulting of steel grade handbook, and be easy to produce something lost
Leakage.
6th, still there is no the online steel standard database of wide variety of authority at present, the data in some online databases is not
Improve reliable, and querying method single it is impossible to adapt to client's multi-angle query demand.
7th, go to search respective material according to the requirement of product and engineering, often occur that querying condition is loose, so that full
The ferrous materials of sufficient condition might have multiple, client do not have effective method directly filter out rapidly optimum alternative material
Material.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of grade of steel based on Principal Component Analysis Algorithm inquires about contradistinction system, system comprises
International Organization for standardization（ISO）And nine countries, a regional ferrous materials specification and standard technique data, inquiry comparison
Result is quantitatively given in the form of similarity.The individual demand being preferably directed to client provides service, helps client to be accurately positioned
The material needing,
The present invention establishes online ferrous materials java standard library, contains International Organization for standardization in java standard library（ISO）And nine
Individual country, a regional ferrous materials specification and standard technique data, and gone through performance test and practical application
The grade of steel contrast relationship table of industry accreditation.System utilizes Principal Component Analysis Algorithm to calculate key chemical element weights value in steel group, base
Calculate grade of steel similarity in weight again.Overcome weighted value to set by the limitation of expertise and the shadow of artificial subjective factor
Ring, consider the interval characteristic of index value it is ensured that the accuracy of matching result and validity simultaneously in the matching process.
Hardware system of the present invention includes relational database server, Web server, client computer.Web server and pass coefficient
It is connected according to storehouse server, client computer is connected with Web server.Application module inclusion relation database, data inputting module, grade of steel
Enquiry module, grade of steel are to lighting module.Wherein relational database is deployed in relational database server, data inputting module, grade of steel
Enquiry module, grade of steel are deployed on Web server to lighting module.User is sent out to server by the Web browser in client computer
Go out Web request, Web server is found the page and sent document on client Web browser to.
Relational database is data inputting module and grade of steel enquiry module, grade of steel to the data communication matchmaker between lighting module
It is situated between.National and foreign standards steel grade data and existing grade of steel contrast relationship are entered into pass by grade of steel typing module by system maintenance personnel
It is in database, grade of steel enquiry module, grade of steel read data again from relational database to lighting module and carry out after analytical calculation
Result is shown.
Relational database：This relational database is multinational grade of steel java standard library, stores International Organization for standardization（ISO）And nine
Individual country, a regional ferrous materials specification and standard technique data, and gone through performance test and practical application
The grade of steel contrast relationship table of industry accreditation.In the way of normal data is organized using steel group as data, set up hierarchical mode.The layer of model
Number and the packet count on a certain layer are all unrestrictedly it is ensured that all grades of steel are all uniquely assigned to a certain steel group.
Data inputting module：Data-interface part, provides data input work(for grade of steel enquiry module, grade of steel to lighting module
Energy.Grade of steel data in relational database passes through this module typing, can directly enter grade of steel data, also in readable data file
Grade of steel data import grade of steel data.
Grade of steel enquiry module：Grade of steel enquiry module divides three kinds of inquiry modes：
1st, inquired about by grade of steel：System comprises the grade of steel of the recorded keyword of user by retrieving, and by grade of steel, described
Steel group, standard No., country information show according to form, user can click on grade of steel to the chemical composition of this grade of steel,
Mechanical property energy detailed data is checked；
2nd, standard No., steel group or general service inquiry are passed through：System comprises the standard of the recorded keyword of user by retrieving
Number, and standard No., country, system, steel group, general service are shown according to form, user can click on standard No.
Check all grades of steel under this standard No.；
3rd, inquired about by chemical composition：In ferrous materials standard, the chemical composition of a certain grade of steel refers to form the various of it
The percentage composition of element it is however generally that, the species of the chemical element that same steel group is comprised is essentially identical, these elements and it
Combined effect the performance of this steel group.The minimum of a value of user's typing each chemical composition index of concern, maximum, phase
Like spending threshold value selection target steel group, system calls steel group key chemical components index selected by Principal Component Analysis Algorithm calculating automatically
Weighted value, user can be adjusted to weighted value according to expertise, calculate user's typing chemical composition index and mark simultaneously
Interval overlap degree between quasi- grade of steel chemical composition index, interval overlap degree is defined as mating both sides' identical index common factor and compares
The ratio of grade of steel indication range, degree of overlapping numerical value is between 0 ~ 1.Then the interval overlap degree weighted sum of each index obtains steel
The similarity planted, formula is as follows：
In formula, si and wi is respectively interval overlap degree and the weight of i-th index.Similarity is exceeded to the steel of threshold value
Number, according to similarity, order from high to low is presented to user after sorting to system automatically.
Using the core concept that Principal Component Analysis Algorithm calculates weight it is：Principal Component Analysis Algorithm is to all in particular steel group
The key chemical components of grade of steel do analytic operation, find, after dimensionality reduction, the new feature that can represent former data message, newer by calculating
Coefficient correlation between feature and former variable, obtains the contribution rate to original variable for the principal component, as each key chemical components
Weight coefficient, to characterize its importance in specific steel grade.
The present invention, on the basis of database hierarchy model, with steel group as base unit, calculates iron and steel material in each steel group
The influence degree to performance for the various chemical compositions in material, is represented with the weighted value quantifying, comprises the following steps that：
1st, according to the main chemical elements in weight calculation class, set up random vector X=[X1,X2,…,Xp], represent this steel
Class comprises p kind chemical composition.
If comprising n grade of steel in 2 particular steel groups, therefrom take m (m>N) composition observation x of individual steeli=[x1i,
x2i,…,xpi]T, i=1,2 ..., m, obtain sample data.Because the chemical composition value major part of grade of steel is in certain scope
Interior, only have maximum or the deficiency of data interval of only minimum of a value will pass through fuzzy logic, statistical method for chemical composition
And the method completion interval value such as steel constituent layer model.In view of the enchancement factor in manufacture process it is believed that composition is just obeyed
State is distributed, and is limited by scope bound.
In order to eliminate the impact to result of calculation for the absolute error between heterogeneity, by data normalization to average be zero,
Unit variance,
In formula,
3rd, calculate the correlation matrix of normalization data, and obtain its characteristic value and characteristic vector, be calculated principal component.
And according to contribution degree, k principal component vector before selection
If the contribution degree of front k principal component is on 80 ~ 90%, show that these principal components cover most of former sky
Between information, and the noise predominantly in former data in the space that remaining principal component is constituted, can be ignored.
4th, in the principal component space after dimensionality reduction, k principal component Y1,Y2,…YkFrom original variable X1,X2,…,XpMiddle extraction
Information content, mensurable for XiWith Y1,Y2,…YkCoefficient correlation square, referred to as k principal component Y1,Y2,…YkTo original change
Amount XiContribution rate, its value is：
K principal component Y1,Y2,…YkTo original variable XiContribution rate it can be understood as XiVariable characterizes former data characteristics
Degree.Contribution rate is bigger, shows that this variable contains more grade of steel data characteristicses, and the impact to ferrous materials is big, so it
Material Similarity Measure shared by similarity in proportion also big.Therefore use contribution rate as the weighted value of chemical composition variable, degree
Measure its importance on the impact of steel class data performance.
Grade of steel is to lighting module：Comprise two parts：
1st, contrast relationship inquiry：This function mainly for the grade of steel contrast relationship obtaining industry accreditation, close by these comparisons
System mostly comes from actual performance test and application experience, by system maintenance personnel's typing；
2nd, contrast relationship calculates：This part is intended to set up the matching relationship between grade of steel in same steel group.Key step
For：
Step one：Select a certain grade of steel as comparison grade of steel in calculating steel group, and preset similarity threshold；
Step 2：Using steel group key chemical element weights value selected by Principal Component Analysis Algorithm calculating, and known according to expert
Know and weighted value is adjusted；
Step 3：Choose other grades of steel in steel group successively and calculate this grade of steel and the similarity compareing grade of steel；
Step 4：Choose grade of steel the order sequence foundation comparison from high to low according to similarity that similarity is more than threshold value
Relation.
It is an advantage of the current invention that：
(1) filled up the blank of domestic gpio line steel standard inquiry service, preferably auxiliary iron and steel upstream firm and
Downstream user information transfer, provides for downstream user and accurately and reliably inquires about recommendation service with material.
(2) to all steel data in database, not only organized according to the mode of country, standard, purposes, be
Meet the inquiry comparison demand of client, according to its chemical composition, mechanical property and purposes, the side organizing as data using steel group
Formula, sets up hierarchical mode, and its width and depth do not limit, and each grade of steel is uniquely assigned to a certain steel group.
(3) by approximate materials control information and material similarity information integration, it is input in database, provide friendly simultaneously
User interface supply user inquire about.These materials control relations both are from greatly the performance test of reality and use experience, are can not
The precious resources obtaining more.
(4) index weightses calculate and adopt Principal Component Analysis Algorithm, extract index weights in the way of data-driven, with
When user according to expertise, weighted value suitably can be adjusted.Avoid element weights set by expertise limitation and
The impact of artificial subjective factor is it is impossible to reflect ferrous materials self character completely.
(5) consider the interval characteristic of index value in calculating process, not complete to only maximum or only minimum of a value
Entire data interval will be by method completion interval values such as fuzzy logic, statistical method and steel constituent layer models.So that calculating power
The sample data of weight is more effective, and the weight calculated is more accurate.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the graph of a relation between each module of present system.
Fig. 2 is steel constituent Rotating fields figure.
Fig. 3 inquires about comparison flow chart for grade of steel.
Fig. 4 calculates chemical composition weight process for PCA.
Specific embodiment
Hardware system of the present invention includes relational database server, Web server, client computer.Web server and pass coefficient
It is connected according to storehouse server, client computer is connected with Web server.Application module inclusion relation database, data inputting module, grade of steel
Enquiry module, grade of steel are to lighting module.Wherein relational database is deployed in relational database server, data inputting module, grade of steel
Enquiry module, grade of steel are deployed in Web server to lighting module, and user is sent to server by the Web browser in client computer
Web request, Web server is found the page and document is sent to the Web browser in client computer.
Fig. 1～Fig. 4 is a kind of specific embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the graph of a relation between each module of present system.Present system inclusion relation database, data inputting mould
Block, grade of steel enquiry module, grade of steel are to lighting module.Wherein relational database is deployed in relational database server, data inputting mould
Block, grade of steel enquiry module, grade of steel are deployed on Web server to lighting module.User is by the Web browser in client computer to clothes
Business device sends Web request, and Web server is found the page and sent document on client Web browser to.Relational database is
Data inputting module and grade of steel enquiry module, grade of steel are to the data communication medium between lighting module.System maintenance personnel pass through steel
National and foreign standards steel grade data and existing grade of steel contrast relationship are entered in relational database for number typing module, and grade of steel inquires about mould
Block, grade of steel read data again from relational database to lighting module and carry out after analytical calculation being shown result.
Fig. 2 is steel constituent Rotating fields figure.Multinational grade of steel java standard library, multinational grade of steel java standard library is established in relational database
In grade of steel not only organized according to the mode of country, standard, purposes, in order to meet client inquiry compare demand, according to
Its chemical composition, mechanical property and purposes, using steel group as in the way of data tissue, set up hierarchical mode, its width and depth
Do not limit, and each grade of steel is uniquely assigned to a certain steel group.The chemical composition of each steel group, mechanical property and purposes
Much like, all grades of steel of therefore each steel group have a set of key chemical element and weighted value.When carrying out inquiry comparison,
Analysis of material can be analyzed by user from the grade of steel of different steel groups or sub- steel group, calculates its similarity, thus to meter
Calculate result to be estimated, find out best match material.
Fig. 3 inquires about comparison flow chart for grade of steel.Grade of steel inquiry is the scope of known each chemical composition, searches similar spending
Higher grade of steel, grade of steel comparison refers to specify comparison grade of steel (for standard just), searches and similarly spends higher standard grade of steel,
Seeking scope is to specify steel group, and user can find the higher grade of steel of similar degree from multiple steel groups.Specific implementation step
For：(1) chemical composition or comparison grade of steel are specified；(2) set similarity threshold, threshold range is 0～1；(3) steel group, choosing are selected
Select and during steel group, utilize more expertises to select the close steel group of chemical composition as far as possible, rather than blindly select, lead to phase
Like degree very little, larger from the deviation of target；(3) utilize principal component algorithm calculate weight, weight calculation out after, Yong Huke
In conjunction with practical experience and expertise, weight is finely adjusted；(4) calculate and the similarity selecting each grade of steel in steel group；(5) protect
Deposit grade of steel and the similarity that similarity is more than threshold value.If user still wants to reselection, other steel group carries out inquiry comparison, repeats (3)
～(5) step, otherwise extracts the grade of steel kept and similarity and sorts and be presented to user.
Fig. 4 calculates chemical composition weight process for PCA.Concretely comprise the following steps：(1) weight to be calculated to be determined
Steel group and this steel group key chemical components, computer capacity can not be listed in for those residual elements and non-key chemical element
In；(2) produce sample it is contemplated that the enchancement factor in manufacture process is it can be assumed that become sample to divide Normal Distribution, and be subject to
The restriction of scope bound, therefore only has maximum or the deficiency of data interval of only minimum of a value will pass through for chemical composition
The method completion interval value such as fuzzy logic, statistical method and steel constituent layer model, the completion of interval value is interval for subsequent calculations
Degree of overlapping also plays an important role, and sample number is that (n is grade of steel number to n*m, and m produces sample number, m for each grade of steel>n)；(3) to sample
Notebook data is normalized.Sample average is made to be 0, variance is 1；(4) using normalization after sample data calculate correlation matrix,
Characteristic value, characteristic vector；(5) choose principal component, if the contribution degree of front k principal component, on 80～90%, shows these
Principal component covers the information in most of former space, and the noise being mainly in former data in the space that remaining principal component is constituted,
Can be ignored.(6) calculate weight, principal component can be calculated chemistry is become by correlation matrix, characteristic value, characteristic vector
The contribution rate of variation per minute, this contribution rate is chemical composition weighted value.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of grade of steel based on principal component analysis inquires about contradistinction system it is characterised in that including relational database server,
Web server, client computer and application module；Web server is connected with relational database server, client computer and Web server
It is connected；Application module includes relational database, data inputting module, grade of steel enquiry module, grade of steel to lighting module；Wherein close coefficient
It is deployed in relational database server according to storehouse, data inputting module, grade of steel enquiry module, grade of steel are deployed in Web clothes to lighting module
On business device；User sends Web request by the Web browser in client computer to server, and Web server finds the page and by literary composition
Shelves send on client Web browser；
Relational database is data inputting module and grade of steel enquiry module, grade of steel to the data communication medium between lighting module；System
National and foreign standards steel grade data and existing grade of steel contrast relationship are entered into pass coefficient by data inputting module by system attendant
According in storehouse, grade of steel enquiry module, grade of steel read data again from relational database to lighting module and carry out tying after analytical calculation
Fruit is shown；
Described relational database is multinational grade of steel java standard library, stores International Organization for standardization and nine countries, areas
Ferrous materials specification and standard technique data, and through performance test and practical application obtain industry accreditation grade of steel comparison
Relation table；In the way of normal data is organized using steel group as data, set up hierarchical mode；The number of plies of model and on a certain layer
Packet count all unrestricted it is ensured that all grades of steel are all uniquely assigned to a certain steel group；
Described data inputting module：There is provided data input function for grade of steel enquiry module, grade of steel to lighting module；Relational database
In grade of steel data pass through data inputting module typing, directly enter grade of steel data, or read the grade of steel data in data file
Import grade of steel data；
Described grade of steel inquiry contradistinction system is it is characterised in that include three kinds of inquiry modes：
(1) inquired about by grade of steel：System comprises the grade of steel of the recorded keyword of user by retrieving, and by grade of steel, steel group, mark
Accurate number, country information show according to form, user's click grade of steel is to the chemical composition of this grade of steel, mechanical property energy
Detailed data is checked；
(2) standard No., steel group or general service inquiry are passed through：System comprises the standard No. of the recorded keyword of user by retrieving,
And standard No., country, system, steel group, general service are shown according to form, user clicks on standard No. and checks this
All grades of steel under standard No.；
(3) inquired about by chemical composition：In ferrous materials standard, the chemical composition of a certain grade of steel refers to form its various elements
Percentage composition, the species of the chemical element that same steel group is comprised is essentially identical, these elements and combinations thereof impact
The performance of this steel group；The minimum of a value of user's typing each chemical composition index of concern, maximum, similarity threshold is simultaneously
Selection target steel group, system calls the weighted value of steel group key chemical components index selected by Principal Component Analysis Algorithm calculating automatically,
User is adjusted to weighted value according to expertise, calculates user's typing chemical composition index simultaneously and becomes with standard grade of steel chemistry
Divide the interval overlap degree between index, interval overlap degree is defined as mating both sides' identical index common factor and compares grade of steel indication range
Ratio, degree of overlapping numerical value is between 0～1；Then the interval overlap degree weighted sum of each index obtains the similarity of steel grade,
Formula is as follows：
S in formulaiAnd WiIt is respectively interval overlap degree and the weight of i-th index；Similarity is exceeded to the grade of steel of threshold value, system
Automatically according to similarity, order from high to low is presented to user after sorting.
2. grade of steel inquiry contradistinction system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described grade of steel includes two to lighting module
Part：
(1) contrast relationship inquiry：Inquiry has obtained the grade of steel contrast relationship of industry accreditation, and these contrast relationship come from actual property
Can test and application experience, by system maintenance personnel's typing；
(2) contrast relationship calculates：This part is intended to set up the matching relationship between grade of steel in same steel group；Step is as follows：
Step one：Select a certain grade of steel as comparison grade of steel in calculating steel group, and preset similarity threshold；
Step 2：Using steel group key chemical element weights value selected by Principal Component Analysis Algorithm calculating, and according to expertise pair
Weighted value is adjusted；
Step 3：Choose other grades of steel in steel group successively and calculate this grade of steel and the similarity compareing grade of steel；
Step 4：Choose similarity more than the grade of steel of threshold value and order sequence foundation comparison from high to low is closed according to similarity
System.
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| CN105798250B (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2018-01-23 | 首钢总公司 | A kind of determination method of middle base |
| CN108874807A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-23 | 上海迪塔班克数据科技有限公司 | A kind of Advanced Search system based on material property achievement data |
| CN108876077A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-23 | 上海迪塔班克数据科技有限公司 | Material substitution solution matching system based on application field |
| CN109766357A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-05-17 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of steel grades querying method, system and electronic equipment and storage medium |
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