CN103270940A - Quantitative breeding technique process and method for crops - Google Patents
Quantitative breeding technique process and method for crops Download PDFInfo
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- CN103270940A CN103270940A CN2013101653195A CN201310165319A CN103270940A CN 103270940 A CN103270940 A CN 103270940A CN 2013101653195 A CN2013101653195 A CN 2013101653195A CN 201310165319 A CN201310165319 A CN 201310165319A CN 103270940 A CN103270940 A CN 103270940A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quantitative breeding technique process and method for crops, which comprises six basic steps or links of formulating, preparing, selecting, comparing, examining and utilizing, namely, through the application of an ecological theory and a market demand theory, analyzing various characters of breeding objectives by using a grey relational analysis method or a similarity-difference relation analysis method, and determining the mutual relation of the characters, thereby formulating breeding objectives and selection criteria so as to lay a foundation for selection; selecting parents by using parent grey classification or similarity-difference classification principles and methods and hybridized combination grey evaluation or similarity-difference evaluation principles and methods, preparing a hybridized combination and assessing the hybridized combination; selecting single plants or super strains by using single-plant grey selection or similarity-difference selection principles and methods; carrying out variety identification and screening by using variety grey multi-dimensional comprehensive comparison or similarity-difference comparison principles and methods, and examining and naming new varieties on the basis; and guiding the utilization of varieties by using variety grey layout or similarity-difference grey layout principles and methods of the varieties, variety grey resemblance cultivation or similarity-difference cultivation principles and methods, and grey prediction principles and methods for plant diseases and insect pests.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the agricultural science and technology technical field, relate to a kind of crop breeding method.
Background technology
Up to now, the crop breeding subject also rests on the qualitative experience stage basically, belongs to " the experience subject " of qualitative description.The still accumulation of experience that breeding man seed selection new varieties mainly rely on, that is be in the experience breeding epoch, still have with a certain distance from quantification, informationization, scientific breeding.Particularly, existing new variety selective breeding technology mostly is under the breeding experience of qualitative description instructs, by field observation, record, by breeding work person's eyesight with experience is selected breeding object such as parent, individual plant, kind (being) or eliminate.
The shortcoming of existing breeding method is:
1. breeding experience mostly can only be exclusive in person by breeding man, and others is difficult to grasp.Reason is that these experiences also rest on the of perceptual knowledge stage of language description in other words mostly, does not rise to rational knowledge.Like this, because the ambiguity of language description, perhaps I should like to say more, and perhaps meaning is sayed not to the utmost, thereby cause the deviation on the understanding and cognition, so that often do not reach expected effect in the utilization of breeding man experience.Some experience is understood by thinking still more, is difficult to explain in words.So-called " Ingenuity in varying tactics depends on mother wit " is exactly the classics statement to breeding man experience.
2. original stager can not solve new problem.Especially along with the raising of breeding level, breeding objective is brought in constant renewal in, and has determined that breeding process is a process of constantly exploring, use original stager, the new situation that very difficult adaptation has changed.For example, for many years, aspect the improving yield of wheat breeding, our many breedings man accumulates over a long period with to the perseverance of cause, has obtained abundant and effective experience.If but these experiences are used for instructing the high-quality breeding, obviously do not apply and use.So, after new breeding objective is determined, must not no longer go to carry out time consuming experience accumulation again.The cost that experience breeding that Here it is will be paid.
3. the accumulation of experience needs time, merit in a year or so by no means, sometimes even want poor its all one's life.Therefore, breeding new hand usually feels simply helpless when making a strategic decision.
4. experience can only solve the phenomenon problem, can not solve essential problem.
5. lack quantification and instruct, the overall merit ability is weak, blindness is big, foresight is poor, efficient is low.
In view of this, the present invention is intended to break away from above-mentioned predicament, and crop breeding is freed from the limitation of qualitative experience, realizes quantification, the informationization and scientific of crop breeding, thereby improve breeding efficiency and select effect, cultivate the crop new varieties that satisfy social stage construction demand as early as possible.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to address the aforementioned drawbacks, make crop breeding from breeding objective formulate, the parent selects, hybrid combination preparation, hybrid combination assessment, individual plant are selected, kind (being) is identified comparison, kind layout, the cultivation of kind similitude be until a series of critical stages such as damage by disease and insect prediction or link realize quantification, informationization and scientific, and the decision-making foundation of science is provided for the breeding work person.Even breeding new hand also can reach the such decision-making level of breeding expert.
Technical scheme of the present invention comprises following six steps:
1 is fixed: namely formulate breeding objective, adopt the grey relational grade analysis method or with different relationship analysis method, each proterties of breeding objective is analyzed, clear and definite correlation between them, for after selection lay the foundation;
2 join: i.e. preparing hybrid combination comprises following several steps:
2.1, extensively collect domestic and international germ plasm resource, keep genetic diversity;
2.2 the parent is selected in scientific analysis;
2.3 in conjunction with breeding objective, the preparing hybrid combination;
2.4 investigate hybrid F
1The emphasis combination is determined in performance;
3 choosings: namely select individual plant or major clique, according to breeding objective, select fine individual plant or major clique filial generation, carry out by the following method:
3.1 according to main character inheritance characteristic, definite generation early or generation in evening selection proterties;
3.2 the selection of each proterties of output breeding;
3.3 the selection of each proterties of high-quality breeding comprises direct back-and-forth method and indirect back-and-forth method;
4 ratios: namely kind (being) relatively allows selected excellent strain participate in strain evaluation, varietal yield test and new varieties demonstration test, carries out
4.1 variety test of lines;
4.2 varietal yield test;
4.3 new varieties demonstration test;
5 examine: i.e. variety certification, by the new lines of provincial or national regional test, production test, through economizing or the authorization of the national variety certification committee, name;
6 usefulness: i.e. kind utilization comprises and determines that kind adapts to area and scope, makes the decision-making of kind layout, realizes steps such as the breeding good method is supporting, quickening stock breeding popularization, comprises
6.1 kind rational deployment;
6.2 set up the stock breeding base;
6.3 realize that the breeding good method is supporting;
6.4 damage by disease and insect prediction and control;
6.5 extensively open up marketing channel and service network.
So far crop quantification breeding technique flow process is finished a cycle period.Go round and begin again then, carry out to staged second circulation, the 3rd circulation and even a plurality of circulation.Each link of above-mentioned techniqueflow all can realize with the support of different breeding intelligent decision system by means of crop grey breeding computer decision system and crop.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Compare with traditional experience breeding, it has following four obvious characteristics:
The one, can illustrate the various phenomenons in the crop breeding process, not only give the qualitative interpretation of pledge, also give the definite description of output simultaneously.Both can All rivers run into sea, draw many breeding work persons' wisdom and experience for many years, again can be more skillful, make it to theorize more, systematization, standardization and sequencing, thereby make plant breeding develop into the subject of a precision.
The 2nd, can comprehensive considering various effects, causality very complicated in the crop breeding process is described.For numerous factors of a certain breeding objective proterties of influence, which is main, and which is less important, can provide open-and-shut clear answer.
The 3rd, can take full advantage of breeding information the breeding phenomenon is made an explanation, can make optimizing decision for each critical stage of breed breeding process or link, the result that it is given is used for instructing the crop breeding of new variety, can improve efficiency of selection significantly and select effect.
The 4th, can merge mutually with Computer Organization Principles and technology, be compiled into program, working specification, convenience are even breeding new hand also can obtain the such decision-making level of breeding expert.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is crop quantification breeding technique flow chart.
Embodiment
Terminological interpretation: quantification breeding: be the applicant at traditional experience breeding lack that quantification instructs, a little less than the overall merit ability, limitation, a new crop breeding research direction that puts forward such as blindness is big, foresight is poor, efficient is low.Refer to precision or the precise treatment of breeding objective and breeding process.Namely use crop breeding principle and certain mathematical principle, breeding objective and breeding process are converted into specific mathematical model, this mathematical model has reflected the breeding rule that lies in rambling observed data behind abstractively.Therefore, can instruct breeding practice effectively, realize by the leap of traditional experience breeding to the quantification breeding.
Crop quantification breeding technique flow process can be summarized with six words: namely decide, join, select, compare, examine, usefulness, six different key links in the middle of the representation crop breeding process respectively.These six links are an indivisible integral body, and are indispensable, see accompanying drawing 1.
1 is fixed: namely formulate breeding objective
Namely use ecological theory and market demand theory, formulate breeding objective and selection criteria.Adopt the grey relational grade analysis method or with different relationship analysis method, each proterties of breeding objective analyzed, clear and definite correlation between them, for after selection lay the foundation.Breeding objective has dynamic, and along with improving constantly of levels such as output, quality, breeding objective also corresponding variation should take place thereupon, is constantly adjusted, to satisfy the growing many-sided demand of people.
2 join: i.e. preparing hybrid combination
That is select the parent, preparation is made up.Comprise following several steps:
2.1 extensively collect domestic and international germ plasm resource, keep genetic diversity
On the original basis, preserve and create to have and utilize the new material that is worth, enrich the crop gene storehouse, use by oneself.
2.2 the parent is selected in scientific analysis
To showing material preferably through preliminary observation, planned, purpose is arranged, measure its coordinate force, genetic distance step by step, adopt parent's ash colour sorting or parent with methods such as different classification, filter out parent preferably.
2.3 in conjunction with breeding objective, the preparing hybrid combination
Namely under the guiding of breeding objective, according to parental apolegamy principle and parent's classification results, prepare high-quality hybrid combination.
2.4 investigate hybrid F
1The emphasis combination is determined in performance
For overcoming blindness, improve foresight, adopt hybrid combination grey evaluation method or hybrid combination with different appraisal procedure, estimate hybrid F
1Hybrid combination is determined early to make up for emphasis, in order to concentrate on the selection of emphasis combination as soon as possible, improves efficiency of selection.
Any evaluation process all will have a standard or criterion.Hybrid F
1The optimal value of the proterties investigated of combination namely is that the hybrid combination grey is passed judgment on or with different evaluating standard or criterion.Because the breeding objective proterties has several, so standard also just has many, form a sequence, such sequence just is called proterties optimal sequence or ideal character sequence.We call the index up to standard of this combination to the degree of agreement of weighing each character observation value of combination and optimal sequence or comprehensively with different degree.Index up to standard or comprehensively more big with different degree, it is more big to illustrate that this combination reaches the degree of optimal sequence value, makes up more excellent.Vice versa.
3 choosings: namely select individual plant or major clique
Namely according to breeding objective, select fine individual plant or major clique filial generation.This link will be emphasized the concertedness of each proterties especially, namely should select comprehensive proterties preferably rather than certain proterties individual plant or major clique preferably only.
The proterties that will investigate in the individual plant selection course is the desired proterties of breeding objective in fact just.By the character branch, selected proterties can also be decomposed into qualitative character and quantitative character.Qualitative character is selected according to mendelian inheritance; Quantitative character then data bulk genetic development is selected.Generally can be undertaken by following program:
3.1 according to main character inheritance characteristic, definite generation early or generation in evening selection proterties
Usually, the proterties that heritability is high was selected in generation morning, and the proterties that heritability is low was selected in generation in evening.According to the study, early in generation, select proterties mainly to comprise awns, grain look, seedling habit, cold resistance, plant height, thousand kernel weight, maturing stage, harvest index, plumpness etc.; It then mainly is grain number per spike, single-strain tassel number, single plant yield etc. that generation in evening is selected proterties.
3.2 the selection of each proterties of output breeding
According to breeding objective and each proterties selection criteria, adopt crop individual plant grey system of selection improve the contingency table method or individual plant with different system of selection, evaluation individual plant grade, select excellent eliminate bad.
3.3 the selection of each proterties of high-quality breeding
3.1 direct back-and-forth method: utilize the quick determining instrument of quality, namely some quality traits such as protein, precipitation number are carried out microdetermination at the hybrid early generation, thereby screening meets the proterties of breeding objective, eliminate bad proterties.
3.2 indirect back-and-forth method: namely by the measurement to several economical characters, adopting the synchronous improvement method of multiple target that quality traits such as protein content, individual plant protein output, dry gluten content, wet gluten content, precipitation number, drop value are carried out indirect predictions selects, then, adopt the system of selection of above-mentioned individual plant grey again or with different system of selection, Comprehensive Assessment individual plant grade, thus decide what to use.
Usually, in the individual plant selection course, be cited as the individual plant of attaching most importance to of first-class individual plant, in addition primary part observation, selection later on from generation to generation is cited as the general individual plant that is of second-class individual plant, keeps plantation, and continue to observe, select, be cited as then being eliminated of third-class individual plant.
It is pointed out that in selection course, under the situation with good conditionsi, suitably use the molecular marker assisted selection technology, can improve the accuracy of selection effectively, breeding level is further enhanced.
4 ratios: namely kind (being) relatively
Namely allow selected excellent strain participate in strain evaluation, varietal yield test and new varieties demonstration test, the objective kind (being) of reasonably estimating.Be dynamic management crop breeding procedures system, should obtain for information about as much as possiblely from above-mentioned test, understand the gap of strain aggregate level and breeding expected value (breeding objective value), the person that feeds back to the breeding work, in order to further adjust the breeding strategy, the breeding main direction after determining.
4.1 variety test of lines
Adopt the Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive appraisal procedure or with different analytical method, high substitution selection system is estimated.
4.2 varietal yield test
Adopt the Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive appraisal procedure or with different analytical method, and in conjunction with The results of analysis of variance, a plurality of proterties relevant with breeding objective are carried out comprehensive assessment, determine that kind is in large tracts of land production or the value in breeding.
2.4.3 new varieties demonstration test
On the basis of varietal yield test, the kind that the future utilized is arranged is carried out the bigger demonstration test of area.The method that adopts the Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive assessment or combine with the multi-point joint regression analysis with different analytical method, the adaptability of further clear and definite kind, yielding ability and quality status are for the large tracts of land popularization provides scientific basis.
Compare with the joint regression analytical method with adopting traditional variance analysis, the major advantage of above-mentioned test analysis method is to take all factors into consideration a plurality of breeding objective proterties simultaneously.
5 examine: i.e. variety certification
To the new lines by provincial or national regional test, production test, through economizing or the authorization of the national variety certification committee, name, suit measures to local conditions on producing large tracts of land promote.
6 usefulness: i.e. kind utilization
Namely utilize kind scientifically and rationally.Comprise and determine that kind adapts to area and scope, makes the decision-making of kind layout, realizes that the breeding good method is supporting, accelerate stock breeding popularization etc., brings into play the yield and quality potential of new varieties to greatest extent.
6.1 kind rational deployment
Adopt crop varieties gray cloth score of the game analysis method or with different topological analysis method, carry out rational deployment to showing preferably new varieties in regional test and the kind demonstration test, determine zone or the scope of the plantation of kind optimum, write kind for various places agricultural decision making department and utilize suggestion that convictive analysis result is provided.Above-mentioned analytical method makes the environmental ecological characteristic with each ecotype district of kind more identical, it is reasonable that the composition structure of product population also more becomes, basically accomplished the kind synusia in an ecotype district, avoided the unified unreasonable layout of promoting several kinds in the whole province or several ecotope, can give full play to the strong kind of universality volume increase, rise matter potential, the kind that can make some have adaptitude is had a role to play again.
6.2 set up the stock breeding base
For making the new varieties of utilizing prospect be converted into productivity as early as possible, to the new varieties of showing up prominently in excellent strain that the symptom of a trend is arranged in the strain approval test or the varietal yield test, breed immediately, guarantee seed purity and for kind of an amount.
6.3 realize that the breeding good method is supporting
Adopt kind grey similitude cultivation principle with method or with different cultivation principle and method, try to achieve new varieties (treating recommended variety) and large tracts of land recommended variety on the cultivation characteristic the grey similarity or with different degree, thereby determine the affiliated cultivated form of kind.The distinctive feature of these two kinds of methods just is and can carrying out under the situation of experiment in cultivation, utilize the regional experiment of variety data to carry out the kind similitude or with different analysis, therefrom seek the large tracts of land recommended variety the most similar to new varieties, and make the cultivation technique measure of these large tracts of land recommended variety maturations used for it, directly realize the supporting of breeding and good method then what new varieties were promoted, thereby overcome the bad phenomenon that the breeding that exists for a long time on producing and good method disconnect mutually, for the volume increase of giving full play to new varieties, to rise matter potential significant.
6.4 damage by disease and insect prediction and control
Under present breeding level, it almost is impossible that the expectation crop varieties is resisted all damage by disease and insect, therefore, predicts that in time crop disease and insect just seems very necessary.For this reason, adopt damage by disease and insect gray prediction principle and method, crop main diseases, insect pest are in time predicted, make peasant household carry out sufficient mental preparation and material is prepared, unlikelyly when damage by disease and insect spreads unchecked, be taken by surprise, thereby give full play to the yield potential of kind.
6.5 extensively open up marketing channel and service network
Utilize various medium, strengthen new varieties publicity promotion efficiency, strive making known to every family, known by everybody.On this basis, at the new varieties promoting region, build and open up a plurality of firm new varieties marketing service sites, accelerate new varieties and promote paces, new varieties were dominated the market in the short as far as possible time, obtain large tracts of land and promote.
So far crop quantification breeding technique flow process is finished a cycle period.Go round and begin again then, carry out to staged second circulation, the 3rd circulation and even a plurality of circulation.Be noted that each circulation is not the simple repetition of original circulation.Especially breeding objective, along with the continuous variation of agricultural production and agro-ecological condition, the person stands in higher aspect to need the breeding work, constantly feeds back, adjusts, improves.Like this, each new circulation is all more senior than original circulation, and formula ground development is in the shape of a spiral constantly drive on boldly to new higher level thereby promote crop breeding.
Should be pointed out that each link of above-mentioned techniqueflow all can realize with the support of different breeding intelligent decision system by means of crop grey breeding computer decision system and crop.
Claims (6)
1. crop quantification breeding technique flow process and method is characterized in that, comprise following six steps:
1 is fixed: namely formulate breeding objective, adopt the grey relational grade analysis method or with different relationship analysis method, each proterties of breeding objective is analyzed, clear and definite correlation between them, for after selection lay the foundation;
2 join: i.e. preparing hybrid combination comprises following several steps:
2.1 extensively collect domestic and international germ plasm resource, keep genetic diversity;
2.2 the parent is selected in scientific analysis;
2.3 in conjunction with breeding objective, the preparing hybrid combination;
2.4 investigate hybrid F
1The emphasis combination is determined in performance;
3 choosings: namely select individual plant or major clique, according to breeding objective, select fine individual plant or major clique filial generation, carry out by the following method:
3.1 according to main character inheritance characteristic, definite generation early or generation in evening selection proterties;
3.2 the selection of each proterties of output breeding;
3.3 the selection of each proterties of high-quality breeding comprises direct back-and-forth method and indirect back-and-forth method;
4 ratios: namely kind (being) relatively allows selected excellent strain participate in strain evaluation, varietal yield test and new varieties demonstration test, carries out
4.1 variety test of lines;
4.2 varietal yield test;
4.3 new varieties demonstration test;
5 examine: i.e. variety certification, by the new lines of provincial or national regional test, production test, through economizing or the authorization of the national variety certification committee, name;
6 usefulness: i.e. kind utilization comprises and determines that kind adapts to area and scope, makes the decision-making of kind layout, realizes steps such as the breeding good method is supporting, quickening stock breeding popularization, comprises
6.1 kind rational deployment;
6.2 set up the stock breeding base;
6.3 realize that the breeding good method is supporting;
6.4 damage by disease and insect prediction and control;
6.5 extensively open up marketing channel and service network;
So far, crop quantification breeding technique flow process is finished a cycle period; Go round and begin again then, carry out to staged second circulation, the 3rd circulation and even a plurality of circulation; Each link of above-mentioned techniqueflow all can realize with the support of different breeding intelligent decision system by means of crop grey breeding computer decision system and crop.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: use breeding objective ash relationship analysis or formulate breeding objective with different relationship analysis principle and method.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: use parent's ash colour sorting or make up and evaluate hybrid combination with different principle of classification and method and hybrid combination grey evaluation or with different assessment principle and method preparing hybrid.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: use the selection of individual plant grey or select individual plant or major clique with different selection principle and method.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: use kind Grey Multidimensional Comprehensive comparison or carry out variety identification and screening with different comparison principle and method.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: use kind grey layout or cultivate or instruct the kind utilization with different cultivation principle and method and damage by disease and insect gray prediction principle and method with different layout principle and method, kind grey similitude.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109220773A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-18 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of resistance to bolting head cabbage varieties |
| CN109479606A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-19 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A kind of Moringa fine-variety breeding method |
-
2013
- 2013-05-08 CN CN2013101653195A patent/CN103270940A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 郭瑞林等: "作物同异育种智能决策系统的研制及其在小麦育种中的应用", 《河南农业科学》 * |
| 郭瑞林等: "作物定量化育种及其研究现状", 《安阳工学院学报》 * |
| 郭瑞林等: "作物灰色育种电脑决策系统的研制与应用", 《湖北农业科学》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109220773A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2019-01-18 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of resistance to bolting head cabbage varieties |
| CN109479606A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-19 | 中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所 | A kind of Moringa fine-variety breeding method |
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Application publication date: 20130904 |