CN103268521A - Overall-optimization lighting source arranging method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an overall-optimization lighting source arranging method which includes the following steps. Firstly, minimum intervals among adjacent light sources are calculated out according to four light source lighting models and based on the minimum intervals , a first light source is located and a step size of variation of light source intervals is determined in a lighting space; secondly, according to the step size, the intervals among adjacent light sources are changed and whether an illuminance value of a lighting spatial point corresponding to each installation interval meets lighting design standards of a building or not is determined. If yes, the scheme is judged to be reasonable and changing the intervals among adjacent light sources continues, whether an arrangement scheme of a next installation interval is reasonable or not is determined and eventually the maximum interval value which meets the lighting design standards of the building is selected as the maximum arrangement scheme. Thirdly, a plane graph of the maximum arrangement scheme is drawn and maximum illuminance, minimum illuminance, illuminance uniformity and needed electric energy of the scheme are calculated out. The overall-optimization lighting source arranging method has the advantages of being little affected by subjective factors and taking both a spatial overall situation and partial lighting conditions into consideration and being accurate in calculation.

Description

A kind of lighting source method for arranging of global optimization

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of lighting source method for arranging of global optimization, belong to illumination design and optimum theory field.

Background technology

Along with the raising of energy-conserving and environment-protective consciousness, the building energy saving problem more and more causes the concern of society.The huge behind of large-scale building lighting design power consumption is the reality of light fixture high-density installation.Existing power-saving technology is started with from light fixture transformation and introduction main equipment mostly, has the method complexity, costs shortcomings such as big, seldom solves the phenomenon of waste of energy from the angle of optimizing space light fixture layout.

The main theory of computation of Indoor Lighting Design is according to comprising point-by-point method, usage factor method, equiluminous curve method at present.Wherein point-by-point method only can calculate the brightness value of every bit in the space according to the distance that light source is put in the locus, and result of calculation is accurate, with a high credibility, but if with the illumination design of doing the interior space, calculation of complex.The usage factor method also claims lumen method, be the at present topmost method that the space illumination is calculated fast and designed, but this method goes up the dependence deviser largely to subjective understanding and the judgement of lighting space, and result of calculation may differ bigger with legitimate reading.This method has been considered the average illumination of lighting space, but does not take into account the excessive or too small problem of local space illumination, therefore can bring the waste of light source and the phenomenon that local space can't reach the architectural lighting design standards.The equiluminous curve method is the budgetary estimate curve that a kind of basis is consulted light fixture, estimates the method for the required lamp of lighting space source number fast, and this method relies on the light fixture budgetary estimate curve that manufacturer provides, and is not easy to carry out in advance the illumination design in space.Therefore, propose a kind of energy-conservation, simply, the lighting source arrangement is one and needs badly and deal with problems accurately.

At above problem, occurred some at present and lighting source has been arranged research and the thinking that is optimized.The paper that Lv Liangjun etc. deliver " research of road suitable lightening " (Henan science, 2011,29 (2): 141-143) by different angles the illumination optimization of a street lamp and many street lamps is studied, and calculate the optimum height of the street lamp under the optimum illumination, this method realizes that by the height that changes street lamp the road suitable lightening saves energy and reduce the cost, and the energy-saving and cost-reducing theoretical foundation that provides of road lighting is provided.Benefit equality in hole is in paper " model construction of optimizing the classroom illumination uniformity coefficient with find the solution " (safety and environmental engineering, 2012,19 (2): illustrate 61-64) and have problems such as zone line illumination height, the low and illumination uniformity of illumination is not high in the classroom illumination all around, and proposed two kinds according to the characteristics that the lamp source is arranged and improve one's methods.Above method shows, by optimizing the space layout of lighting source, can significantly reduce waste of electric energy.But above research all is the local lighting optimization at particular problem, can't directly carry out layout in the illumination design phase to integrated light source.How to carry out the optimization of layout in source, global scope internal reference Mingguang City, also need to do further research.

Summary of the invention

At the shortcoming that exists in the prior art, the objective of the invention is to adopt the method for global optimization that the The optimum layout scheme in a kind of illuminating lamp source is provided, to reduce because of the unreasonable waste of energy that causes of lighting source space layout, realize the energy-conservation purpose of electric power resource.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

A kind of lighting source method for arranging of global optimization, comprise the steps: step 1, obtain the lamp source data, calculate the minimum spacing that satisfies between the corresponding adjacent light source of user's minimal illumination demand according to four light illumination models, determine the installation site of first light source in the lighting space and the change step of lamp source spacing; Step 2 according to the spacing in step-size change adjacent lamps source, calculates whether there is the brightness value that does not meet the requirement of architectural lighting design standards under this spacing in the lighting space, if all brightness values all satisfy condition, thinks that then this scheme is reasonable; Step 3, repeating step 2, the spacing size that satisfies the demands of traversal compares the result of new departure and the result of last scheme each time, selects wherein optimum scheme, the maximum lamp source installing space that record satisfies the demands, and with this as optimum spacing; If do not find optimum lamp source installing space, then select in the above Search Results maximum spacing as optimum spacing; Step 4 is drawn the planimetric map of The optimum layout scheme, and calculates maximal illumination, minimal illumination, uniformity of illuminance and the power consumption of this scheme, with for reference.

The concrete steps of described step 1 are: to the light source of four equidistant symmetric arrangement, and when supposing that four light source center illumination satisfy the minimal illumination demand, the minimum spacing l in adjacent lamps source when the adjacent light source spacing is the space integral arrangement _Min, obtain minimum spacing l _Min, and first coordinate that light source is installed is set is

The change step of space between light sources is

The concrete steps of described step 2 are: be l=l+ Δ l according to the space between light sources after the step-size change, the initial value of l is l _MinIf the length of known lighting space is length, is nLen=(length-l at the lamp source number that length direction is arranged then _Min)/l+1, if nLen is integer, then nLen=nLen is not integer as if nLen, then nLen=round (nLen)+1 (round is round-off-function).If the width of known lighting space is width, then arrange that at cross direction the number in lamp source is nWid=(width-l _Min)/l+1, if nWid is integer, then nWid=nWid is not integer as if nWid, then nWid=round (nWid)+1.Calculate the illumination of all locus points according to the point-by-point method of multiple light courcess.Judge whether to exist the value greater than maximal illumination, then increase space between light sources if exist; Judge whether to exist the brightness value less than regulation, algorithm finishes if exist then, otherwise continues to change space between light sources, up to calculating optimum space between light sources.Step (3) is repeating step (2), until solving optimum spacing, if above condition does not all satisfy, then selects an optimal case from above all schemes, and algorithm finishes.

Compare usage factor method illumination method for designing, the characteristic of the inventive method is to take into account the overall situation and arranges and local optimum, and has following advantage: the light source installing space that 1) can seek out global optimum according to searching method; 2) can limit local illumination in the illumination range that satisfies user's demand, and the control uniformity of illuminance; 3) it is less influenced by deviser's subjective factor, the computational accuracy height.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1: the process flow diagram of light source arrangement scheme of the present invention;

Fig. 2: point-by-point method is calculated the illumination synoptic diagram;

Fig. 3: four light source computer memory point illuminance model figure;

Fig. 4: multiple light courcess computer memory point illuminance model synoptic diagram;

Fig. 5: adopt the three-dimensional Illumination Distribution figure of this method arrangement space lighting source;

Fig. 6: the equiluminous figure that adopts this method arrangement space light source;

Fig. 7: the two-dimensional arrangement figure of the lighting source that employing this method obtains.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further details.

Respectively to employed prior art in the invention, comprise that the illumination principle of calculating of point-by-point method, four light illumination models and multiple light courcess spatial point is introduced, and provide the detailed step of the inventive method accordingly below.

(1) point-by-point method

See shown in Figure 2ly, the luminous flux of establishing light source is φ, and the irradiated area that is subjected to light source is A, then the definable average illumination:

$E=\frac{\mathrm{\φ}}{A}---\left(1\right)$

If the locus of known point light source is (x ₀, y ₀, h), l is the air line distance that light source is ordered to O, and I is light intensity, and then the illumination size of O (x, y, 0) point is as can be known:

$E=\frac{I}{l^2}\cos \mathrm{\θ}---\left(2\right)$

Wherein, $I=\frac{\mathrm{\φ}}{4\mathrm{\π}},$ $\cos \mathrm{\θ}=\frac{h}{l},$ $l=\sqrt{{(x-x_0)}^2+{(y-y_0)}^2+h^2}---\left(3\right)$

Be that the illumination that O is ordered is:

$E=\frac{\mathrm{\φh}}{4\mathrm{\π}{[{(x-x_0)}^2+{(y-y_0)}^2+h^2]}^{\frac{3}{2}}}---\left(4\right)$

(2) four light illumination models

Seeing shown in Figure 3ly, is the initial point of rectangular coordinate system with four light source centers subpoint on the ground, with parallel O ₁O ₂Cross the straight line of initial point and set up rectangular coordinate system in space for the x axle.If the spacing between the same portable lighter source is l, each light source is R to the distance of initial point, and the volume coordinate of four pointolites is respectively $O_1(\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}{2},\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}{2},h),O_2(-\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}{2},\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}{2},h),O_3(-\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}{2},-\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}{2},h),O_4(\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}{2},-\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}{2},h),$ Then the illumination of any one spatial point is as can be known:

$E=\frac{\mathrm{\&phi;h}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}{R}^3}---\left(5\right)$

Namely $E=\frac{\mathrm{\&phi;h}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}}{[{(x-\frac{d}{2})}^2+{(y-\frac{d}{2})}^2+h^2]}^{-\frac{3}{2}}{+\frac{\mathrm{\&phi;h}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}}[{(x-\frac{d}{2})}^2+{(y+\frac{d}{2})}^2+h^2]}^{-\frac{3}{2}}+---\left(6\right)$

$\frac{\mathrm{\&phi;h}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}}{[{(x+\frac{d}{2})}^2+{(y+\frac{d}{2})}^2+h^2]}^{-\frac{3}{2}}{+\frac{\mathrm{\&phi;h}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}}[{(x+\frac{d}{2})}^2+{(y-\frac{d}{2})}^2+h^2]}^{-\frac{3}{2}}$

By

The saddle point of function is in true origin (0,0) as can be known, i.e. the brightness value at the true origin place local minimum in zone for this reason.As long as the illumination at initial point place satisfies illumination requirement, then all illumination in the light source zone line can both satisfy the minimal illumination requirement.If the spacing l of known luminaire, then the illumination at initial point place can be expressed as:

$E=\frac{\mathrm{\&phi;h}}{\mathrm{\&pi;}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}^2+\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}^2}{2})}^3}}---\left(7\right)$

(3) illumination of multiple light courcess spatial point is calculated

See shown in Figure 4ly, establishing the space has a plurality of lamps source, the wherein (x of the coordinate position of i light source _i, y _i, h), the luminous flux of each light source is φ, the illumination that each light source is ordered at A is E _i(i=1,2 ..., n), then the illumination located of space point A (x, y, 0) is all light sources illumination sum herein in the space, namely the A illumination of ordering is:

$E={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="E"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300011.png,HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">E</figure-callout>}}_1+{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="E"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">E</figure-callout>}}_2+\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;+E_n$

$=\frac{\mathrm{\&phi;h}}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}}\underset{i=1}{\overset{n}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{[{(x-x_i)}^2+{(y-y_i)}^2+h^2]}^{-1.5}---\left(8\right)$

The detailed step of the inventive method is as follows:

1, finds the solution minimum spacing l _MinAnd the position of installation light source starting point

Its step is to suppose that at first four light source center place illumination can satisfy the minimal illumination requirement, and the illumination that can obtain the center according to four light source models is:

$E_{\min }=\frac{\mathrm{\&phi;h}}{\mathrm{\&pi;}\sqrt{{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}^2+\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l\; min"\; filenames="HDA00003181118300021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_{\min }^{}}{2})}^3}}---\left(9\right)$

The minimum spacing that can derive between the adjacent light source by following formula is:

$l_{\min }=\sqrt{2[{\left(\frac{\mathrm{\&phi;h}}{\mathrm{\&pi;}{E}_{\min }}\right)}^{\frac{2}{3}}-h^2]}---\left(10\right)$

After solving the minimum spacing of adjacent light source, just can determine further that the position of the starting point of installation light source is

2, the adjacent light source spacing determines

According to above analysis, establish step-length and be

Initialization adjacent lamps source spacing is l=l _Min+ Δ l, after this l≤width whenever determines a kind of scheme, this step-length is that the result of calculation of last scheme adds a step-length, i.e. l=l+ Δ l.

This method is exactly to ask for the minimum light source arrangement scheme of consumed power when satisfying illumination requirement, namely asks same light source needed minimum number of light sources when meeting the demands, and namely finds the solution the spacing l between the maximum adjacent light source.Above-mentioned l≤the width that shown, this is the maximum conditions of adjacent light source spacing size, maximum spacing is unknown quantity to be asked.Whether we can satisfy the illumination demand by all brightness values of judging lighting space point draws maximum spacing between the two adjacent light sources.

3, the determining of lamp source arrangement under the known separation l situation

If the spacing of known adjacent light source is l, the length of lighting space is length, and wide is width, then as can be known needing separately on lighting space length and width direction the light fixture number installed be respectively:

The number that light source is installed on the length direction is: nLen=(length-l _Min)/l+1, if nLen is integer, then nLen=nLen is not integer as if nLen, then nLen=round (nLen)+1 (round is round-off-function)

The number that light source is installed on the cross direction is: nWid=(width-l _Min)/l+1, if nWid is integer, then nWid=nWid is not integer as if nWid, then nWid=round (nWid)+1 (round is round-off-function) therefore needs the number of light sources N=nLennWid that installs altogether under this spacing.

4, The optimum layout scheme determination

By judging whether this scheme satisfies two targets and judge this scheme optimum: 1) arrangement of this lighting space light source meets deviser's demand to the full extent.What specifically need reference is whether the light source arrangement of lighting space satisfies minimum and the highest illumination requirement or in the orientation that allows, the light factor such as even that whether distributes; 2) this scheme is the most energy-conservation illumination design proposal.If this scheme of contrast and before scheme, if this scheme institute consumed power is minimum, can judge that then this scheme is energy-saving scheme.

When judging that scheme is whether optimum, at first require scheme can satisfy above-mentioned target 1), if this scheme can not satisfy target 1), think that then this scheme is unreasonable scheme.Satisfying target 1) prerequisite under, if can satisfy target 2 simultaneously), think that then this scheme is optimum scheme.

Embodiment

Data are prepared: be example with certain reading room, second floor east, libraries of the universities, reading room building specification is long 30m, wide 22.5m, high 4m, face height is 0.75m, and the wall reflection rate is 30%, and the ceiling reflectivity is 10%, the floor reflection rate is 15%, 65 Grille lamps of light fixture are installed in this reading room altogether, 4 fluorescent tubes of each Grille lamp, and power is 36W, the model of fluorescent tube is YZ36RN25, and the luminous flux of each fluorescent tube is 2500lm.Usage factor is 0.42, and maintenance factor is 0.62, and according to national standard, the illumination requirement of Library Reading chamber is 150-300lx, and the average illumination that the library is set is 250lx.

Illumination design software MatLP5 usage factor method by PANASONIC calculates length direction and should lay 9 lamps, cross direction should be laid 6 lamps, average illumination is 261lx in this illumination design proposal, local maximal illumination is 348lx, minimal illumination is 137lx, minimal illumination is 0.399 with the ratio of average illumination, and minimal illumination is 0.3261 with the ratio of maximal illumination.

Below be the detailed step that obtains the The optimum layout scheme by this method:

The first step: the input maximal illumination is E _Max=300, minimal illumination is E _Min=150, be l by the minimum spacing that calculates between the adjacent lamps source _Min=2.1642.

Second step: obtain according to the first step, reference position is installed is (1.0821m, 1.0821m), the installing space step-length is Δ l=0.2m, the initialization installing space is l=l _Min

The 3rd step: constantly change installing space according to step-length, search The optimum layout scheme, draw the l=3.85m that is spaced apart between the optimum arrangement adjacent light source, the number of light sources that length direction is arranged is 8, and the number of light sources that cross direction is arranged is 6, and local illumination is 302lx to the maximum, minimal illumination is 128lx, average illumination is 250.12lx, the ratio 0.5120 of minimal illumination and average illumination, and minimal illumination is 0.4238 with the ratio of maximal illumination.Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional Illumination Distribution figure of lighting space that utilizes Matlab software to obtain according to this method programming, and Fig. 6 is corresponding equiluminous line chart, and Fig. 7 is the two-dimensional arrangement figure that adopts the lighting source that this method obtains.

The 4th step: optimum energy saving calculation.In this reading room, than the usage factor method, the arrangement that utilizes this method to obtain per hour can be saved electric energy 6 * 4 * 0.036 * 1=0.864 (KWh), supposes that the one day lighting time in this reading room is 10 hours, and 8.64 degree then can economize on electricity.This library has 21 similar reading rooms, and this library can spend in power saving 254.016 in one day, and 1 year (calculating by 300 days) can saves energy 76204.8 degree.Simultaneously, present source layout's method than this library, school can be saved electric energy and is about (65-48) * 4 * 0.036 * 10 * 21 * 300=154224 (degree) in 1 year.

Compare the result of this method and usage factor method, can obtain as drawing a conclusion:

1) this method can reach the illumination requirement effect the same with the usage factor method, takes into account the overall situation simultaneously and arranges and local illumination optimization, can improve the space uniformity of illuminance.

2) under same illumination conditions, the light source package that this method Billy arranges with Y-factor method Y is more energy-conservation.

In sum, the present invention has realized a kind of interior space light source arrangement scheme of taking into account the overall situation and local illumination, and Billy is more energy-conservation with Y-factor method Y.

As if the center that the pointolite position among the present invention is designated as line source and area source, can directly apply to the preferred arrangement in line source and illuminated by surface light source space equally.

Claims (3)

1. the lighting source method for arranging of a global optimization is characterized in that, comprises the steps:

Step 1 is obtained the lamp source data, calculates the minimum spacing that satisfies between the corresponding adjacent light source of user's minimal illumination demand according to four light illumination models, determines the installation site of first light source in the lighting space and the conversion step-length of lamp source spacing;

Step 2 according to the spacing in step-size change adjacent lamps source, calculates whether there is the brightness value that does not meet the requirement of architectural lighting design standards under this spacing in the lighting space, if all brightness values all satisfy condition, thinks that then this scheme is reasonable;

Step 3, repeating step 2, the spacing size that satisfies the demands of traversal compares the result of new departure and the result of last scheme each time, selects wherein optimum scheme, the maximum lamp source installing space that record satisfies the demands, and with this as optimum spacing; If do not find optimum lamp source installing space, then select in the above Search Results maximum spacing as optimum spacing;

Step 4 is drawn the planimetric map of The optimum layout scheme, and calculates maximal illumination, minimal illumination, uniformity of illuminance and the power consumption of this scheme, with for reference.

2. the lighting source method for arranging of a kind of global optimization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the concrete steps of described step 1 are: to the light source of four equidistant symmetric arrangement, when if four light source center illumination satisfy the minimal illumination demand, the minimum spacing l in adjacent lamps source when the adjacent light source spacing is the space integral arrangement _Min, obtain minimum spacing l _Min, and first coordinate that light source is installed is set is

The change step of space between light sources is

3. the lighting source method for arranging of a kind of global optimization according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the concrete steps of described step 2 are: be l=l+ Δ l according to the space between light sources after the step-size change, the initial value of l is l _Min, if the length of known lighting space is length, be nLen=(length-l at the lamp source number that length direction is arranged then _Min)/l+1, if nLen is integer, then nLen=nLen is not integer as if nLen, then nLen=round (nLen)+1 (round is round-off-function); If the width of known lighting space is width, then arrange that at cross direction the number in lamp source is nWid=(width-l _Min)/l+1, if nWid is integer, then nWid=nWid is not integer as if nWid, then nWid=round (nWid)+1; Calculate the illumination of all locus points according to the point-by-point method of multiple light courcess, judge whether to exist the value greater than the maximal illumination of regulation, then increase space between light sources if exist; Judge whether to exist the value less than the minimal illumination of regulation, algorithm finishes if exist then, otherwise continues to change space between light sources, up to calculating optimum space between light sources.

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