CN103267986A - Method for finding three-body scattering in meteorology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for finding three-body scattering in meteorology. The method comprises the following steps: finding an image area with reflectivity value higher than or equal to 60dBZ in a radar reflectivity graph and finding a target area according to the image area; performing image pretreatment to the target area to obtain a labeled graph of a weak back wave area; performing short three-body scattering identification to the labeled graph; and performing long three-body scattering identification to the labeled graph. By adopting the method, the automatic detection of the three-body scattering is realized, the disaster is pre-warned in time, and the economic loss and the personal casualty are reduced; and furthermore, the effectiveness of the method is verified by experiments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the meteorology field, particularly a kind of method of seeking three volume scatterings for meteorology.
Background technology
Weather radar is strong convective weather to be monitored one of main tool with early warning.The electromagnetic wave of weather radar transponder pulse form, when electromagnetic wave runs into precipitation material (snowflake, raindrop and hail etc.), most of energy moves on, and the sub-fraction energy is arranged by the scattering to all the winds of precipitation material, and the energy of scattering is received by radar backward.Zrnic in 1987 find the meteorologic phenomena of three volume scatterings, and called after " three volume scatterings " is (TBSS), according to the theory of Zrnic, 1) ripple that sends of radar by strong hail class precipitation material strong scatter to ground downwards; 2) ripple that scatters to ground again by ground scatter to original precipitation material; 3) last, ripple returns radar again.
If the electromagnetic wave of radar emission runs into strong hail at the A point, as shown in Figure 1, after this, electromagnetic most of energy continues transmission forward, remainder is scattering towards periphery, wherein, the sub-fraction of scattering wave is returned radar, detects target A to show, some scattering earthward in addition, form close echo reflected back hail A again, the portion of energy of close echo is absorbed by A, and some continues to advance to radar in addition.Find out easily, when the intensity of hail A is very big, it is more long that the scattering wave that comes from hail A arrives the path on ground, the energy of ripple of getting back to hail A is just more weak, if only fall among Fig. 1 with BC(or BD) be that close echo dump energy in the border circular areas of radius can support this ripple and marches to radar, at this moment, radar the close echo signal on this part approach ground can be misread as along the electromagnetic wave sender to and weak echo E away from hail certain distance continued presence, F, G, and this distance arrives ground distance more than or equal to A in theory, be AF=h, AG=AC=AD〉AF, h=R * sin α, thus arrowband weak echo image appears in the FG scope.
Liao Yufang, Yu Xiaoding [1] adds up the trisome scattering phenomenon that 23 strong storms that occur in 11 strong convection events of China produce, find that each strong storm has all produced the strong hail of diameter more than 2cm, wherein having 4 strong storms to produce diameter is the above hail of 10cm.That is to say that if S-band a new generation weather radar produces the trisome scattering phenomenon, then the possibility of strong hail almost is 100%, follows the disastrous strong wind in ground simultaneously mostly.Statistics in the north, Hunan shows that three volume scatterings have all appearred in the above diameter hail of about 80% 2cm.Duration owing to TBSS mostly is between the 30-60min again, and the time lag of ground hail shooting is in the time that the trisome scattering occurs, so three volume scatterings can be used as strong hail warning index, moreover, D.S.ZRNIC[2] proved that three volume scatterings also have relation with the hail size, like this, three volume scatterings are played crucial effects for hail early warning in short-term.Whether yet the U.S. and China's strong hail algorithm of a new generation's weather radar are the strong reflection rate factors of check 50dBz expands to more than-20 ℃ of layer place height, and hit rate only is 70%, and the false declaration rate is 49%.The northern data in Hunan are added up, 2002 to 2005 in the period of in totally 19 hailstorms, 16 three volume scatterings are arranged, account for 84%,
The inventor finds to exist at least in the prior art following shortcoming and defect in realizing process of the present invention:
At present also do not have to detect automatically the method for three volume scatterings both at home and abroad, because three volume scatterings may appear in each elevation angle, artificial observation is wasted time and energy, and can have influence on the ageing of forecast again; And can not carry out timely early warning to hail disaster, cause economic loss and casualties.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method for meteorology searching three volume scatterings, this method can detect three volume scatterings automatically, and disaster is carried out early warning timely, reduces economic loss and casualties, sees for details hereinafter and describes:
A kind of method for meteorology searching three volume scatterings said method comprising the steps of:
(1) from radar reflectivity figure, seeks reflectance value more than or equal to the image-region of 60dBZ, and seek the target area according to described image-region;
(2) the image pre-service is carried out in described target area, obtain the signature of weak echo region;
(3) described signature is lacked three volume scatterings identification;
(4) described signature is grown three volume scatterings identification.
Described step according to described image-region searching target area is specially:
With the center of described radar reflectivity figure as the detection center, be angular bisector with described detection center to the ray of the geometric center of described image-region, do two rays that open 30 ° of angles, defining described detection center is radius r to the distance of the geometric center of described image-region, geometric center is h to the distance on ground, h=r * sin α, with r+h as first distance, first distance adds 20 and is second distance, and α is the elevation angle of described radar reflectivity figure; Centered by described detection center, be that the radius picture is justified with described first distance and described second distance respectively, two rays and two are justified crossing sector regions as described target area.
Described the image pre-service is carried out in described target area, the step that obtains the signature of weak echo region is specially:
1) does the boundary rectangle of described target area, described boundary rectangle is carried out the image pre-service;
2) the due east direction with described radar reflectivity figure is angular bisector, be the summit with described detection center, do 45 angles, with the angle region as subregion such as the 0th, be that benchmark is in the counterclockwise direction with radar reflectivity Fig. 8 five equilibrium with subregion such as the described the 0th, be labeled as subregion such as the 1st to the 7th successively, record the numbering of subregions such as place, described target area.
Describedly described boundary rectangle carried out the pretreated step of image be specially:
Be white with 0 to the zone marker of 25dBZ in described target area, respective value is 1; Remaining is background, is labeled as black, and respective value is 0, obtains described signature.
The described step that described signature is lacked three volume scatterings identification is specially:
1) to each etc. the subregion template is set, obtain stencil function;
2) the described signature of each described stencil function substitution, (x, y), (x, y) then there are three volume scatterings in the middle point that exists greater than threshold value 29 as if described image function Q to obtain image function Q.
The described step that described signature is grown three volume scatterings identification is specially:
Described signature is extracted edge line, described edge line is carried out eight chain codes on the direction extract, corresponding one of each direction waits the subregion, as if the geometric center of described image-region in subregions such as N, then principal direction is the N direction, is the relative direction of described principal direction in the other direction; When the ratio of the coding on described principal direction and described opposite direction sum and gross yards during greater than threshold value, there are three volume scatterings in the described signature.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the invention is: this method is by lacking the identification of three volume scatterings and long three volume scatterings to signature, obtain three volume scatterings, realized that three volume scatterings detect automatically, disaster has been carried out early warning timely, reduced economic loss and casualties; And verified the validity of this method by experiment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that three volume scatterings form principle schematic;
Fig. 2 is the target area synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is 8 area schematic such as branch such as grade provided by the invention;
Fig. 4 is a kind of process flow diagram of seeking the method for three volume scatterings for meteorology provided by the invention;
Fig. 5 is experiment effect figure.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
In order to detect three volume scatterings automatically, disaster is carried out early warning timely, reduce economic loss and casualties, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method for meteorology searching three volume scatterings, referring to Fig. 4, sees for details hereinafter and describes:
101: from radar reflectivity figure, seek reflectance value more than or equal to the image-region of 60dBZ, and seek the target area according to image-region;
Wherein, the method of seeking the target area is as follows: seek reflectance value more than or equal to the image-region of 60dBZ from radar reflectivity figure, with the center of radar reflectivity figure as the detection center, be angular bisector with the detection center to the ray of the geometric center of image-region, do two rays that open 30 ° of angles, referring to Fig. 2, definition detection center is radius r to the distance of the geometric center of image-region, geometric center is h to the distance on ground, h=r * sin α, as first distance, first distance adds 20 and is second distance with r+h, and α is the elevation angle of radar reflectivity figure; Centered by the detection center, be that the radius picture is justified with first distance and second distance respectively, two rays and two are justified crossing sector regions as the target area.
102: the image pre-service is carried out in the target area, obtain the signature of weak echo region;
Wherein, this step is specially:
1) does the boundary rectangle of target area, boundary rectangle is carried out the image pre-service;
Namely in the target area with 0 to the 25dBZ(weak echo) zone marker be white, respective value is 1; Remaining is background, is labeled as black, and respective value is 0, obtains signature; Defined label figure function be f (x, y), x and y are respectively line number and the columns of pixel, the value of f is 0 or 1.
2) the due east direction with radar reflectivity figure is angular bisector, be the summit with the detection center, do 45 angles, with the angle region as subregion such as the 0th, be that benchmark is in the counterclockwise direction with radar reflectivity Fig. 8 five equilibrium with subregion such as the 0th, be labeled as subregion such as the 1st to the 7th successively, as shown in Figure 3, the numbering of subregions such as place, record object zone.
103: signature is lacked three volume scatterings identification;
Wherein, this step is specially:
1) to each etc. the subregion template is set, obtain stencil function;
To each etc. the subregion template is set, definition stencil function g (i, j), i, j are respectively line number and columns, value is 0-6.The template of subregion such as the 0th and the 1st as shown in Table 1 and Table 2, other etc. the subregion be rotated by this template, the template of subregions such as the 2nd, 4,6 is that benchmark is rotated counterclockwise 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° with the template of subregion such as the 0th respectively; 3rd, the template of subregions such as 5,7 is that benchmark is rotated counterclockwise 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° with the template of subregion such as the 1st respectively.
Table 1
| 0.5 | 0.5 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -1 | -1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | -1 | -1 |
| 0.5 | 0.5 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 |
Table 2
| -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | -1 | 0.5 | 1 |
| -1 | -1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 |
| 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | -1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | -1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | -1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | -1 | -1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | -1 | -1 |
2) each stencil function substitution signature,
(x, y), (x, y) then there are three volume scatterings in the middle point that exists greater than threshold value 29 as if Q to obtain image function Q.
104: signature is grown three volume scatterings identification.
At first signature is extracted edge line, then edge line is carried out eight chain codes [3] on the direction and extract, corresponding one of each direction waits the subregion, as if the geometric center of image-region in subregions such as N, then principal direction is the N direction, is the relative direction of principal direction in the other direction; When principal direction with the ratio of the sum of the coding in the other direction and gross yards (eight direction on coding sum) during greater than threshold value, this boundary image then is described along the principal direction growth, then there are three volume scatterings in the signature.
For example: if the target area is positioned at the 0th direction (principal direction), require so the 0th direction and the 4th direction (in the other direction) coding and with the ratio of coding sum greater than threshold value, the threshold value value is 1/3.This boundary image then is described along the principal direction growth, then has three volume scatterings in the signature.
A kind ofly seek the feasibility of the method for three volume scatterings for meteorology with what concrete experiment verified that the embodiment of the invention provides below, referring to Fig. 5, see for details hereinafter and describe:
To Guangdong, Jiangxi, Tianjin totally 144 width of cloth reflectance map that contains three volume scatterings test.In 144 examples, comprise " long three volume scatterings " 27 width of cloth figure, account for 18.75%, " short three volume scatterings " are totally 117 width of cloth figure, account for 81.25%.Detect three volume scatterings totally 133 width of cloth figure among 144 figure, recall rate is 92.36%.Again 200 reflectance maps that do not contain three volume scatterings in Tianjin are tested, it is three volume scatterings that two flase drops are arranged, and false drop rate is 1%.Fig. 5 has showed experiment effect figure, wherein visible in the middle of the upper left corner of cloud element three volume scatterings appear, and the trisome scattering region that is firmly detected by the square frame circle.
List of references
[1] Liao Yufang, Yu Xiaoding, Wu Linlin, He Caifen, Yin Zhonghai. strong hailstorm radar three volume scatterings statistics is analyzed [J] with an example. plateau meteorology, 2007,26 (4): 812-820.
[2]D,S,Zrnic,G,Zhang.Three-Body?Scattering?and?Hail?Size[J].JOURNAL?OF?APPLIED?METEOROLOGY?AND?CLIMATOLOGY,2010,49:687-700.
[3] Paul Gonzales. Digital Image Processing [M] .2. Beijing: Electronic Industry Press, 2003:522-524.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that accompanying drawing is the synoptic diagram of a preferred embodiment, the invention described above embodiment sequence number does not represent the quality of embodiment just to description.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is used for the method that meteorology is sought three volume scatterings, it is characterized in that, said method comprising the steps of:
(1) from radar reflectivity figure, seeks reflectance value more than or equal to the image-region of 60dBZ, and seek the target area according to described image-region;
(2) the image pre-service is carried out in described target area, obtain the signature of weak echo region;
(3) described signature is lacked three volume scatterings identification;
(4) described signature is grown three volume scatterings identification.
2. a kind of method for meteorology searching three volume scatterings according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step according to described image-region searching target area is specially:
With the center of described radar reflectivity figure as the detection center, be angular bisector with described detection center to the ray of the geometric center of described image-region, do two rays that open 30 ° of angles, defining described detection center is radius r to the distance of the geometric center of described image-region, geometric center is h to the distance on ground, h=r * sin α, with r+h as first distance, first distance adds 20 and is second distance, and α is the elevation angle of described radar reflectivity figure; Centered by described detection center, be that the radius picture is justified with described first distance and described second distance respectively, two rays and two are justified crossing sector regions as described target area.
3. according to claim 2ly a kind ofly seek the method for three volume scatterings for meteorology, it is characterized in that, described the image pre-service is carried out in described target area, the step that obtains the signature of weak echo region is specially:
1) does the boundary rectangle of described target area, described boundary rectangle is carried out the image pre-service;
2) the due east direction with described radar reflectivity figure is angular bisector, be the summit with described detection center, do 45 angles, with the angle region as subregion such as the 0th, be that benchmark is in the counterclockwise direction with radar reflectivity Fig. 8 five equilibrium with subregion such as the described the 0th, be labeled as subregion such as the 1st to the 7th successively, record the numbering of subregions such as place, described target area.
4. according to claim 3ly a kind ofly seek the method for three volume scatterings for meteorology, it is characterized in that, describedly described boundary rectangle is carried out the pretreated step of image be specially:
Be white with 0 to the zone marker of 25dBZ in described target area, respective value is 1; Remaining is background, is labeled as black, and respective value is 0, obtains described signature.
5. according to claim 4ly a kind ofly seek the method for three volume scatterings for meteorology, it is characterized in that, the described step that described signature is lacked three volume scatterings identification is specially:
1) to each etc. the subregion template is set, obtain stencil function;
2) the described signature of each described stencil function substitution, (x, y), (x, y) then there are three volume scatterings in the middle point that exists greater than threshold value 29 as if described image function Q to obtain image function Q.
6. according to claim 4ly a kind ofly seek the method for three volume scatterings for meteorology, it is characterized in that, the described step that described signature is grown three volume scatterings identification is specially:
Described signature is extracted edge line, described edge line is carried out eight chain codes on the direction extract, corresponding one of each direction waits the subregion, as if the geometric center of described image-region in subregions such as N, then principal direction is the N direction, is the relative direction of described principal direction in the other direction; When the ratio of the coding on described principal direction and described opposite direction sum and gross yards during greater than threshold value, there are three volume scatterings in the described signature.
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| CN109116358A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-01-01 | 成都信息工程大学 | Hail identification and occurring area forecast method based on China New Generation Weather Radar |
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| US5440483A (en) * | 1992-07-09 | 1995-08-08 | Rhea | Process and device for evaluating the precipitations over an area of terrain |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109116358A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-01-01 | 成都信息工程大学 | Hail identification and occurring area forecast method based on China New Generation Weather Radar |
| CN109116358B (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2022-11-22 | 成都信息工程大学 | Hail identification and area forecast method based on new-generation weather radar |
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