CN103257593A - Numerical physical hybrid simulation system of grid-connected photovoltaic power generating system - Google Patents

Numerical physical hybrid simulation system of grid-connected photovoltaic power generating system Download PDF

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CN103257593A
CN103257593A CN2013102078720A CN201310207872A CN103257593A CN 103257593 A CN103257593 A CN 103257593A CN 2013102078720 A CN2013102078720 A CN 2013102078720A CN 201310207872 A CN201310207872 A CN 201310207872A CN 103257593 A CN103257593 A CN 103257593A
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photovoltaic array
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冯琳
李国杰
陈侃
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Abstract

一种光伏并网发电系统的数字物理混合仿真系统，包括RTDS数字系统、DSP物理系统、模拟量输出卡和数字量输入卡；所述的RTDS数字系统中的光伏电池板输出的直流电压和直流电流信号经模拟量输出卡传输入DSP物理系统，DSP物理系统中驱动斩波升压电路的一路PWM脉冲经数字量输入卡传输入RTDS数字系统。本发明建立了光伏并网发电数字物理混合实时仿真系统，能够在局部阴影下准确追踪到全局最大功率点，无需附加电路，并且适用于多种极端光照情况，结果精确度和可信度都得到了提高。

Figure 201310207872

A digital-physical hybrid simulation system of a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, including an RTDS digital system, a DSP physical system, an analog output card, and a digital input card; the DC voltage and DC voltage output by the photovoltaic panel in the RTDS digital system The current signal is transmitted to the DSP physical system through the analog output card, and one PWM pulse driving the chopper boost circuit in the DSP physical system is transmitted to the RTDS digital system through the digital input card. The invention establishes a digital-physical hybrid real-time simulation system for photovoltaic grid-connected power generation, which can accurately track the global maximum power point under partial shadows without additional circuits, and is applicable to various extreme lighting conditions, and the accuracy and reliability of the results are obtained. improved.

Figure 201310207872

Description

The digital physical mixed analogue system of grid-connected photovoltaic system
Technical field
What invention related to is a kind of digital physical mixed analogue system of grid-connected photovoltaic system, is based on RTDS (Real Time Digital Simulator) platform and possesses the digital physical mixed real-time emulation system of MPPT maximum power point tracking under the local shade (MPPT) function.
Background technology
Along with power system development, traditional Digital Simulation or Physical Experiment emulation all have been difficult to describe some new problems that electric system faces, particularly along with the rise of high-power electric and electronic element, digital physical mixed emulation has seemed more and more important.Digital-to-analogue hybrid simulation can integrated digital emulation and the advantage of Physical Experiment, solves the problems that present electric system runs into.Photovoltaic generation is a kind of important renewable energy, has become the key areas that electric system simulation is analyzed for the photovoltaic power generation grid-connecting systematic research.
In the large-scale photovoltaic grid-connected system, be difficult to when photovoltaic battery panel is more guarantee that all cell panels have best illumination condition, local shade can make the P-V curve of photovoltaic array present the multimodal characteristic, thus the algorithm that the power points that has the greatest impact is followed the tracks of.Under actual conditions, the energy loss that takes place because of local shade situation in some photovoltaic systems may be up to 70%.Therefore, study photovoltaic array characteristic under the local shade situation and the meaning of maximum power point algorithm and seem particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of digital physical mixed analogue system of grid-connected photovoltaic system is provided, can improve simulation accuracy and confidence level, make photovoltaic parallel in system accurately track maximum power point, avoid energy loss.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of digital physical mixed analogue system of grid-connected photovoltaic system, its characteristics are that this system comprises RTDS digital display circuit, DSP physical system, analog output unit (GTAO) and digital quantity input card (GTDI); DC voltage and the dc current signal of the photovoltaic battery panel output in the described RTDS digital display circuit are conveyed into the DSP physical system through analog output unit, and the road pwm pulse that drives the copped wave booster circuit in the DSP physical system is conveyed into the RTDS digital display circuit through the digital quantity input card.
Described RTDS digital display circuit comprises the photovoltaic array, copped wave booster circuit, inverter circuit and the electrical network that connect successively.Photovoltaic system can be realized basic maximal power tracing, the control function is incorporated into the power networks.
Described DSP physical system comprises MPPT controller and copped wave PWM controller, this MPPT controller receives DC voltage and the dc current signal of the photovoltaic array output in the RTDS digital display circuit, and the output modulation signal is given copped wave PWM controller, copped wave PWM controller output pwm pulse.
Maximum power point tracing method under a kind of local shade, its characteristics are that this method comprises the steps:
The first step has judged whether to take place the situation that shade covers according to the voltage and current of photovoltaic array;
Second step when local shade takes place, then made the photovoltaic array working point move to working point C from the B point, and formula is as follows:
The voltage that C is ordered
Figure BDA00003272388300021
Open-circuit voltage V wherein OcAWith short-circuit current I ScADetermined by photovoltaic array itself, be constant, and photovoltaic array working current I BBy real-time measurement gained;
In the 3rd step, utilize maximum power point tracing method accurately to seek maximum power point.
The described first step has judged whether to take place the situation that shade covers according to the voltage and current of photovoltaic array, and concrete grammar is as follows;
At first obtain the electric current I when photovoltaic array is operated in maximum power point under the situation of shadow-free homogeneous illumination Amax, the photovoltaic array working current of actual measurement is I at present A
If Δ I=I Amax-I A＜K 1, then photovoltaic array is not subjected to the shade covering,
If Δ I=I Amax-I A＞K 1, then photovoltaic array has been subjected to the shade covering;
Wherein, K 1It is the constant of setting.
Compared with prior art, technical characterstic of the present invention is: set up parallel network power generation numeral physical mixed real-time emulation system, the MPPT method that adopts in the system can accurately track global maximum power point under local shade, need not adjunct circuit, and be applicable to multiple extreme light conditions.Owing to adopted the means of digital physical mixed real-time simulation, make that degree of accuracy and confidence level all are improved as a result.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic parallel in system structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is digital physical mixed system construction drawing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is photovoltaic array characteristic synoptic diagram under the local shade of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of MPPT method under the local shade of the present invention, (a) is the I-U curve, (b) is the P-U curve.
Fig. 5 is the process flow diagram of MPPT method under the local shade of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
A kind of digital physical mixed analogue system of grid-connected photovoltaic system is characterized in that, this system comprises RTDS digital display circuit, DSP physical system, analog output unit (GTAO) and digital quantity input card (GTDI); DC voltage and the dc current signal of the photovoltaic battery panel output in the described RTDS digital display circuit are conveyed into the DSP physical system through analog output unit, and the road pwm pulse that drives the copped wave booster circuit in the DSP physical system is conveyed into the RTDS digital display circuit through the digital quantity input card.
Specific operation process of the present invention is as follows:
The first step, in the RTDS system, build the pure digi-tal realistic model of photovoltaic system, as shown in Figure 1, comprise photovoltaic array, copped wave booster circuit, inverter circuit, filtering part, electrical network part and relevant control strategy thereof, photovoltaic system can be realized basic maximal power tracing, the control function is incorporated into the power networks.
Build digital physical mixed system.As shown in Figure 2, the part of building among the RTDS is digital display circuit, and DSP is physical system, and both connect by communication interface, namely constitutes digital physical mixed system.Digital display circuit is mainly carried out the simulation of whole photovoltaic system characteristic, and physical system is carried out MPPT maximum power point tracking and calculated.The DSP physical system comprises maximal power tracing (MPPT) controller and copped wave PWM controller, this MPPT controller receives DC voltage and the dc current signal of the photovoltaic array output in the RTDS digital display circuit, and the output modulation signal is given copped wave PWM controller, copped wave PWM controller output pwm pulse.
Second step, write the communication interface between digital display circuit and the physical system, GTAO (analog quantity output) card and GTDI (digital quantity input) card that use RTDS to carry, the GTAO card sends the output quantity (electric current and voltage of photovoltaic array) of digital display circuit to physical system as input quantity, and the GTDI card sends the output quantity (PWM ripple) of physical system to digital display circuit as input quantity.By GTAO card and GTDI card the RTDS digital display circuit is constituted digital physics loop with the physics dsp system, form the hardware-in-loop simulation platform, realize the interactive communication of digital display circuit and physical system.
Being implemented as follows of communication interface:
Write the interface with PERCOM peripheral communication in RTDS, the GTAO that carries with it (analog quantity output) card and GTDI (digital quantity input) card are supporting, realize the interactive communication of digital display circuit and physical system.The amount that needs to send to DSP physics control panel in the RTDS digital display circuit has dc voltage and current, the DC bus-bar voltage of photovoltaic array output, and these variablees all send the DSP control panel to by the GTAO card.The GTAO card is the supporting analog output unit of RTDS.GTAO calorie requirement 24V power supply, the D/A conversion of 16 precision, can export 12 the tunnel+/-analog quantity of 10V, the output channel employing cycle is the synchronism that the over-sampling mode of 1us guarantees output channel.
The amount that physical system DSP control panel need send the RTDS digital display circuit to has the road pwm pulse that drives copped wave booster circuit IGBT, sends the RTDS system to by the GTDI card.The GTDI card is the supporting digital quantity input card of RTDS.GTDI calorie requirement 24V power supply provides 64 tunnel digital quantity input channels of isolating, and can the identification switch frequency be up to the pwm signal of 15kHz.
By GTAO card and GTDI card the RTDS digital display circuit is constituted digital physics loop with the physics dsp system, form the hardware-in-loop simulation platform.
The 3rd step, in the physics dsp system, write maximum power point tracing method under the local shade, make DSP to calculate according to the semaphore that collects from the RTDS digital display circuit, judge the position of global maximum power point.
The method of MPPT is as follows under the local shade:
1. the optimization maximal power tracing basic idea under the local shade is the B point of working point from Fig. 3 of photovoltaic array will be moved near the C point when local shade takes place.In order to reach this target, need to realize following points:
1) voltage and current according to photovoltaic array has judged whether to take place the situation that shade covers;
2) if local shade takes place, then make the photovoltaic array working point move to the working point C that is calculated by linear function from the B point;
3) after the photovoltaic array working point moves near the C point, use traditional maximum power tracking method and accurately seek maximum power point.
2. judge whether photovoltaic array is subjected to the condition that shade hides and is: at first obtain the electric current I when photovoltaic array is operated in maximum power point under the situation of shadow-free homogeneous illumination Amax, the photovoltaic array working current of actual measurement is I at present A, if Δ I=I Amax-I A＜K 1, then photovoltaic array is not subjected to the shade covering; If Δ I=I Amax-I A＞K 1, then photovoltaic array has been subjected to the shade covering.K wherein 1Be the constant of setting, set K usually 1Be I Amax1/5～1/4, I wherein AmaxCharacteristic by photovoltaic array itself determines.Here the shade of indication covering may be the situation that local shade takes place photovoltaic array, also may be the shade covering that photovoltaic array is subjected to overall homogeneous.Because no matter which kind of situation takes place, the working current of photovoltaic array all can be undergone mutation.
When photovoltaic array was subjected to the shade covering, operating voltage can not undergone mutation, and working current can produce sudden change.As shown in Figure 4, photovoltaic array is operated in the A point under the situation that homogeneous illumination shadow-free covers, and operating voltage is V A, the situation of local shade takes place after photovoltaic array V-I curve change, this moment, the operating voltage of photovoltaic array can not undergone mutation, and still was V A, working current sports I B, by open-circuit voltage V OcAWith short-circuit current I ScAThe linear function that obtains calculates
Figure BDA00003272388300051
Open-circuit voltage V wherein OcAWith short-circuit current I ScADetermined by photovoltaic array itself, be constant, and photovoltaic array working current I BBy real-time measurement gained.Adjusting Boost contactor dutycycle then makes the photovoltaic array operating voltage move closer to V C
3. the method flow of MPPT under the local shade, as shown in Figure 7.
The operating voltage V of maximum power point when making that by configuration switch dutycycle initial value photovoltaic array is operated in homogeneous illumination shadow-free in the time of program initialization 0, the photovoltaic array electric current and voltage V of collection current time n, I n, calculate Δ I=|I Max-I n|.Setting threshold K 1(I Amax1/5～1/4) detect the photovoltaic array electric current and whether suddenly change, if Δ I＜K 1, illustrate that then photovoltaic array is not subjected to shade and covers, directly adopt the conductance increment method to seek maximum power point and get final product; If Δ I＞K 1, then the situation that shade covers has taken place in explanation, calculates Δ V=|V C-V n|, adjust Boost contactor dutycycle K and make the photovoltaic array operating voltage move closer to V CSet constant K 2, be generally V OcA1/1000～1/500, V wherein OcADetermined by the parameter of photovoltaic array own.Whether detect the photovoltaic array operating voltage near V CMethod be: judge whether to satisfy Δ I＞K 1And Δ V＞K 2, if satisfy, then continue to adjust K and make V nNear V CIf do not satisfy, illustrate that then photovoltaic array has been operated in V CNear or the photovoltaic array electric current near I Max, directly adopt this moment the conductance increment method to seek maximum power point.
The 4th step, physics DSP sends the copped wave boost circuit switch dutycycle of pwm pulse control RTDS digital display circuit, allow photovoltaic system according to the present invention in the MPPT method carry out work, make the digital physical mixed analogue system of grid-connected photovoltaic system of the present invention under local shade situation, to track global maximum power point.

Claims (5)

1.一种光伏并网发电系统的数字物理混合仿真系统，其特征在于，该系统包括RTDS数字系统、DSP物理系统、模拟量输出卡（GTAO）和数字量输入卡（GTDI）；所述的RTDS数字系统中的光伏电池板输出的直流电压和直流电流信号经模拟量输出卡传输入DSP物理系统，DSP物理系统中驱动斩波升压电路的一路PWM脉冲经数字量输入卡传输入RTDS数字系统。1. A digital-physical hybrid simulation system of a photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system, characterized in that the system includes an RTDS digital system, a DSP physical system, an analog output card (GTAO) and a digital input card (GTDI); the The DC voltage and DC current signals output by the photovoltaic panel in the RTDS digital system are transmitted to the DSP physical system through the analog output card, and a PWM pulse driving the chopper boost circuit in the DSP physical system is transmitted to the RTDS digital signal through the digital input card. system. 2.根据权利要求1所述的光伏并网发电系统的数字物理混合仿真系统，其特征在于，所述的RTDS数字系统，包括依次连接的光伏阵列、斩波升压电路、逆变电路和电网。2. The digital-physical hybrid simulation system of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the RTDS digital system includes a photovoltaic array, a chopper boost circuit, an inverter circuit and a power grid connected in sequence . 3.根据权利要求1所述的光伏并网发电系统的数字物理混合仿真系统，其特征在于，所述的DSP物理系统包括MPPT控制器和斩波PWM控制器，该MPPT控制器接收RTDS数字系统中的光伏阵列输出的直流电压和直流电流信号，并输出调制信号给斩波PWM控制器，斩波PWM控制器输出PWM脉冲。3. The digital-physical hybrid simulation system of photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the DSP physical system includes an MPPT controller and a chopper PWM controller, and the MPPT controller receives the RTDS digital system The DC voltage and DC current signals output by the photovoltaic array in the system, and output modulation signals to the chopping PWM controller, and the chopping PWM controller outputs PWM pulses. 4.一种局部阴影下最大功率点跟踪方法，其特征在于，该方法包括如下步骤：4. a maximum power point tracking method under partial shadow, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the steps: 第一步，根据光伏阵列的工作电压电流判断是否发生了阴影遮蔽的情况；The first step is to judge whether shadow shading occurs according to the working voltage and current of the photovoltaic array; 第二步，当发生局部阴影时，则使光伏阵列工作点从B点移动到工作点C，公式如下：In the second step, when partial shading occurs, the operating point of the photovoltaic array is moved from point B to point C. The formula is as follows: C点的电压
Figure FDA00003272388200011
其中开路电压VocA和短路电流IscA由光伏阵列本身决定，为常数，而光伏阵列工作电流IB由实时测量所得；Voltage at point C
Figure FDA00003272388200011
Among them, the open-circuit voltage V ocA and the short-circuit current I scA are determined by the photovoltaic array itself and are constants, while the operating current I B of the photovoltaic array is obtained by real-time measurement; 第三步，利用最大功率点跟踪方法精确寻找最大功率点。The third step is to use the maximum power point tracking method to accurately find the maximum power point. 5.根据权利要求4所述的局部阴影下最大功率点跟踪方法，其特征在于，所述的第一步根据光伏阵列的工作电压电流判断是否发生了阴影遮蔽的情况，具体方法如下；5. The maximum power point tracking method under partial shadow according to claim 4, characterized in that, the first step is to judge whether shadow shadowing occurs according to the operating voltage and current of the photovoltaic array, and the specific method is as follows; 首先得到在无阴影均一光照的情况下光伏阵列工作在最大功率点时的电流IAmax，目前实测的光伏阵列工作电流为IA；Firstly, the current I Amax when the photovoltaic array works at the maximum power point under the condition of no shadow and uniform illumination is obtained, and the currently measured operating current of the photovoltaic array is I A ; 若ΔI＝IAmax-IA＜K1，则光伏阵列没有受到阴影遮盖，If ΔI=I Amax -I A <K 1 , the photovoltaic array is not covered by shadows, 若ΔI＝IAmax-IA＞K1，则光伏阵列受到了阴影遮盖；If ΔI=I Amax -I A >K 1 , the photovoltaic array is covered by shadows; 其中，K1是设定的常数。Among them, K1 is a set constant.
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