CN103249051A - Frequency spectrum sharing method for cell boundary users in cognitive radio network - Google Patents
Frequency spectrum sharing method for cell boundary users in cognitive radio network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency spectrum sharing method for cell boundary users in a cognitive radio network. For two different cognitive users who are located in adjacent cells and are in a frequency spectrum sharing phase in a cognitive process, the method comprises the steps that a cognitive base station sends a reference signal at a time every other time t; the cognitive users obtain the channel information of an adjacent cognitive network; the cognitive base station judges whether the cognitive users are in a deadlock region or not according to judgment rules and the SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) fed back by the cognitive users and the interference gain h information; if the cognitive users are in the deadlock region, power control is carried out through an interactive water-filling method, and the cognitive users carry out frequency spectrum sharing within the detection period T; if the cognitive users are not in the deadlock region, power control is carried out through a frequency division multiplexing method, emission is carried out in maximum power, and no interference exists between frequency ranges; and the cognitive base station continuously pays close attention to the accessing of the cognitive users and the channel information of an adjacent sector in a next detection period T.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of frequency spectrum sharing method in cognitive radio networks, relate in particular to a kind of frequency spectrum sharing method of cell boundary users.
Background technology
Presence of intercell interference ICI (Inter-Cell Interference) is an intrinsic problem in the cell mobile communication systems, the different user that it has described neighbor cell is assigned to a kind of phenomenon of identical frequency chunks simultaneously, can bring to user's the quality of reception and have a strong impact on, especially cell boundary users, the user who namely is positioned at position, adjacent sectors boundary is more responsive to ICI.The application aware radiotechnics solves problem of inter-cell interference, cognitive radio (Cognitive Radio) is that Joseph doctor Mitola proposed in its thesis for the doctorate in 1999 at first, and provided research step and the method for cognitive radio technology more all sidedly in 2000, and provided the definition of cognitive radio.He thinks that cognitive radio is developed by software radio, it can carry out alternately with operational environment, rely on intelligent signal processing technology, by channel circumstance around the perception, rely on self study and decision making algorithm then, detect idle frequency spectrum, system operational parameters such as adaptive change modulation, coding, signaling protocol and bandwidth, the access idle frequency spectrum of chance formula communicates, simultaneously detect authorized user in real time to the access again of idle frequency spectrum, to avoid collision.Cognitive radio technology has been realized the frequency spectrum recycling on frequency, time and space.
Whole cognitive process is divided into frequency spectrum detection, spectrum management and frequency spectrum share three phases, wherein frequency spectrum share is the committed step that cognitive radio system is realized, subject matter to be solved is how to optimize resource (power, frequency spectrum), reduces external interference, guarantees the user's communications quality.The method that solves problem of inter-cell interference at present has: interactive water flood IWF (Interactive Water-filling) and frequency division multiplexing method FDM(Frequency Division Multiplexing).
Interactive water flood is a kind of Poewr control method, is applied in the multi-user's power control problem that solves under the frequency-selective channel environment more.In cognitive radio networks, interactive water flood is used in the frequency spectrum share stage more, namely when a plurality of cognitive user are shared a frequency range simultaneously, interference-free in order to guarantee speed each other, control by power, the transmitting power of oneself is controlled in lower scope, avoided the interference to other users.But lower transmitting power can make the communication quality of cognitive user reduce again.Therefore, guaranteeing other users not to be produced the communication quality that also should guarantee user self under the situation of interference.
Interactive water flood is applied in the cognitive radio networks; it no matter is in the residential quarter or the minizone; can help cognitive user and main user under interference environment, to guard one's interest; but consider from the angle of spectrum utilization efficiency; this method does not make overall performance reach optimum, and the availability of frequency spectrum has much room for improvement.
The frequency division multiplexing method is carried out data communication with maximum transmission power by force users in self frequency range, advantage is to have avoided user's interference, the power utilization height, and shortcoming is to occur when idle when frequency spectrum, because algorithm limits, frequency spectrum resource utilization rate is low.
Traditional cognitive user frequency spectrum share algorithm by analysis the pluses and minuses of interactive water flood and frequency division multiplexing method, and provided the user rate income of two kinds of methods, owing to consider signaling consumption, do not provide the selection mechanism of two kinds of methods, thereby causing the user rate income still to be the Nash Equilibrium solution, is not globally optimal solution.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, a kind of frequency spectrum share solution at cell boundary users is provided, solve the problem of co-channel interference of minizone, this method is a kind of tactic method, the method that the application of the invention proposes can effectively improve the availability of frequency spectrum of cell boundary users, eliminates the deficiencies in the prior art.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is realized by following technical scheme:
Method of the present invention is a kind of method of tactic, by introducing single betting model, and the combining environmental variable, adopt the speed income of distinct methods to analyse and compare to the user, judgement user present located subregion then according to decision rule, is selected the optimum power control method.At last by simulating, verifying the validity of this decision rule, realized the frequency spectrum share of cell boundary users.
Method of the present invention is two different cognitive users that are based upon neighbor cell, and occurs in the frequency spectrum share stage of cognitive process, includes following steps:
1, cognitive base station sends a reference signal every time t, estimates the characteristic of channel with reference signal, and t gets cognitive radio sense cycle T, and T is a cognitive process.
2, cognitive user obtains channel information in the adjacent cognition network, and signal to noise ratio snr and obstacle gain h are generally arranged, and gives cognitive base station according to reference signal feedback signal to noise ratio snr and the obstacle gain h information that sends cognitive base station.
3, cognitive base station is according to the signal to noise ratio snr and the obstacle gain h information that obtain, according to decision rule:
Wherein: decision represents a kind of Poewr control method selection of user;
IWF represents that the user adopts interactive water flood to carry out power control;
FDM represents that the user adopts the frequency division multiplexing method to carry out power control.
Determine whether cognitive user is in the deadlock district and judges.The deadlock district refers to no matter adversary user selects cooperation or competition to carry out frequency spectrum share, and concerning self, competition is optimal policy all the time.
If 4 cognitive user are to be in the deadlock district, then carry out power control by interactive water flood, cognitive user is carried out frequency spectrum share in this sense cycle T.
If 5 cognitive user are not to be in the deadlock district, then carry out power control by the frequency division multiplexing method, with maximum power transmission, noiseless between the frequency range.
6, the access of the concern cognitive user that continues of cognitive base station and at the channel information of next sense cycle T adjacent sectors.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is to be subjected to the influence of signal to noise ratio and obstacle gain to be difficult to effectively improve the availability of frequency spectrum at existing frequency spectrum share algorithm, the present invention proposes a kind of based on game theoretic Poewr control method, the characteristic that takes full advantage of interactive water filling and frequency division multiplexing realizes having complementary advantages, and reaches the co-channel interference that reduces cognitive minizone and the purpose that improves the availability of frequency spectrum.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is co-channel interference scene schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is interactive water flood flow chart.
Fig. 3 is the plot planning figure of frequency division multiplexing method.
Fig. 4 is that two users' frequency spectrum takies figure.
Fig. 5 is the channel plan figure at obstacle gain of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Shown in Fig. 1 co-channel interference scene of the present invention schematic diagram, in the problem of co-channel interference between cognition network, the base station A in user UE1 perception left side, the base station B on user UE2 perception right side, because user UE1 and user UE2 belong to two Different Cognitive networks respectively, so self is independent selfish to the selection of strategy, thereby the situation of same spectrum resources, i.e. so-called problem of co-channel interference might take place to perceive simultaneously.
The present invention mainly pays close attention to the utilance of frequency spectrum, specifically refers to overall channel capacity here, by shannon formula: C=Blog
2(1+SNR)
Wherein: C is channel capacity;
B is channel width;
SNR is signal to noise ratio.
As can be known, under the certain situation of bandwidth, disturbing increases and can keep rate stabilization by increasing transmitting power, this also is the core concept of traditional frequency spectrum share method based on interactive water flood, shown in the interactive water flood flow chart of Fig. 2, when user UE1 self speed R1 is not equal to default speed T1, by progressive increase transmitting power: P
1=P
1+ δ (wherein: P
1Be user's 1 initial power, δ is that single is adjusted power), perhaps reduce transmitting power: P
1=P
1-δ reaches rate stabilization, is a kind of speed self-adaption method, can effectively reduce the influence of external power disturbance; When user UE2 self speed R2 is not equal to default speed T2, by progressive increase transmitting power: P
2=P
2+ δ (wherein: P
2Be user's 2 initial powers), perhaps reduce transmitting power: P
2=P
2-δ reaches rate stabilization, is a kind of speed self-adaption method, can effectively reduce the influence of external power disturbance.And to the user from adjacent cognition network, it is separate that this adaptability is selected.Another kind method is in the plot planning stage, shown in the plot planning figure of Fig. 3 frequency division multiplexing method, residential quarter A, residential quarter B, residential quarter C is arranged, and each has divided into three sectors for a short time, and different frequency ranges has been distributed in each sector: frequency 1, frequency 2, frequency 3 etc.The user of two adjacent sectors of different districts distributes different frequency spectrum resources, carries out spectrum utilization with maximum transmission power then, i.e. the frequency division multiplexing method.
Interactive water flood is a kind of Poewr control method of rate adaptation, in case speed is received influence, by adjusting the influence that transmitting power reduces foeign element, is a kind of Poewr control method of practicality namely.Shortcoming is that power utilization is insufficient, does not consider the influence of channel circumstance factor, and obviously, interactive water flood is not the power control scheme of a global optimum.The frequency division multiplexing method in the frequency spectrum detection stage, both can be avoided problem of co-channel interference, and the power utilization height.The shortcoming availability of frequency spectrum is low, can't use owing to the division of sector for the frequency range of free time.
Method of the present invention is based on convict predicament model.The convict predicament is a kind of research model in the game theory, has studied two objects, under the situation of not knowing the other side's behavior, can only make the decision to self benefits optimum.Research scene of the present invention just can be set up convict predicament model, because the behavior that two users select frequency spectrum is independent and selfishness, interactive water flood is exactly a kind of behavior to the self benefits optimum, is called competitive behavior here.The frequency division multiplexing method is because avoiding interference initiatively is a kind of cooperation behavior.Because at one time, the different user of single network takies different frequency spectrum resources respectively, so the co-channel interference phenomenon can not take place, yet the user has independence to the selection of frequency spectrum resource in the heterogeneous networks, the situation that same frequency spectrum taken by different user can take place in the boundary user for the Different Cognitive network, two users' of the research of the present invention just frequency spectrum share scene, here hypothesis has two frequency spectrums to share, the situation that does not have the frequency spectrum free time, thereby will exist four kinds of frequency spectrums to take situation, take shown in the figure as two user's frequency spectrums of Fig. 4, Fig. 4 (a) expression user UE1 and user UE2 take between the different frequency (channel) noiseless, the user UE2 of Fig. 4 (b) expression user UE1 produces and disturbs, Fig. 4 (c) expression user UE2 and user UE1 produce and disturb, and Fig. 4 (d) expression user UE1 and user UE2 are interfering with each other.Here according to four kinds of cooperation situations of Fig. 4 (a)-(d), the user rate of user UE1 is defined, be respectively C
T, C
R, C
PAnd C
I: T (Temptation) expression user UE1 selects competition, and user UE2 selects cooperation; Two users of R (Reward) expression select cooperation; Two users of P (Penalty) expression select competition; I (Innocence) expression user UE1 selects cooperation and user UE2 to select competition.Therefore, can obtain the behavior income statement of user UE1, as shown in Figure 5: this figure illustrates that the user under different channel circumstances, can improve user rate by policy selection.
According to the game theory relevant knowledge, a proper convict predicament model can be used formula C
TC
RC
PC
IExpression also will be satisfied 2C simultaneously
RC
T+ C
I, by more different relations, can obtain the relation between obstacle gain h and the signal to noise ratio snr, shown in Figure 5 as emulation.Because two users are in respectively in two adjacent cognition networks, selfish rational characteristic has determined the user in order to improve self user rate, can perhaps improve transmitting power by increasing bandwidth, reduce to disturb and improve signal to noise ratio, to reach the purpose that improves self benefits.So be easy to determine C
T, C
RAnd C
IBetween relation, C
TGreater than C
R, because (be equivalent to C with cooperation
RSituation) compare, cognitive user (is equivalent to C by competition
TSituation) increases bandwidth and improved user rate; C
RGreater than C
I, (be equivalent to C because cognitive user has been subjected to interference
ISituation), cause signal to noise ratio to descend, user rate reduces, so can determine C
TC
RC
IBut for C
P(C
PFor the user passes through to increase bandwidth, also be subjected to disturbing user's income of bringing simultaneously), that unique energy is determined is C
TGreater than C
PBut for C
PWith C
RAnd C
IRelation then be can not determine, thereby can be divided into as shown in Figure 5 three districts to user's income according to channel circumstance: deadlock district, convict predicament district and deception district.
Based on above model, and user's speed income is subjected to the influence of h and SNR, and is channel distribution three zones, and the optimal policy that can obtain zones of different is selected.So in conjunction with last surface analysis and all relational expressions, only may have following 3 kinds of speed relational expressions:
(a) C
TC
PC
RC
I, corresponding deadlock district;
(b) C
TC
RC
PC
I, corresponding convict predicament district;
(c) C
TC
RC
IC
P, corresponding deception district.
Exist because the prerequisite that betting model is set up hypothesis is no idle frequency spectrum, so band efficiency is that total speed income of user is by both party weighed at this, under the same channel environment, always the speed income is more high, and band efficiency is more high.Under two cognitive user situations, total speed may be 2C
R(cooperating with each other), 2C
P(vying each other) or C
T+ C
I(cooperation and competition) three kinds of situations, and the realization of total speed has two kinds of policy selection: interactive water flood IWF (there is situation in interference) and frequency division multiplexing method FDM (noiseless situation), according to the (a) and (b) among Fig. 4 and (c) three kinds of scenes, select optimal policy, can improve the availability of frequency spectrum, make a concrete analysis of as follows:
For the relation in above-mentioned (a), be deadlock district (Deadlock region), because do not have predicament in this zone, no matter what others makes determines, competes (C exactly for own best strategy
TC
R, C
PC
I), so the Nash Equilibrium point is C
PWith the C in the convict predicament
RC
PComparing, is C here
PC
R, the cooperation that has no reason, the total speed maximum of user is 2C
P(2C
RC
T+ C
I, C
PC
R).Because the existence of competition is so can reach C by IWF
PSo the IWF method can realize the maximum band utilance in this zone.
For the relation in above-mentioned (b), be absorbed in convict predicament (Prisoner ' s Dilemma, PD region) between the user, because C
TC
RAnd C
PC
ISo, be competition for the optimal selection of user self speed, the Nash Equilibrium point is C
P, the total speed of user is 2C
PBut C
RC
PAnd 2C
RC
T+ C
I, the total speed maximum of user is 2C
RIf, consider that from number one obvious interactive water flood IWF is optimal policy, if as a whole, frequency division multiplexing method FDM then is optimal policy, this has just caused the contradiction between overall interests and the individual interest, thereby is absorbed in the convict predicament.But consider that from the angle of band efficiency frequency division multiplexing method FDM obviously is better than interactive water flood IWF in this zone.
For the relation in above-mentioned (c), be deception district (Chicken region).This should the zone, has two Nash Equilibrium points, if the adversary takes competition, because C
IC
PSo, oneself select cooperation; If the adversary takes cooperation, because C
TC
RSo, oneself should select competition.Be exactly therefore each user's optimal strategy adversary's opposite strategy is C total cause the speed of two users in this zone
T+ C
I, because C
RC
PAnd 2C
RC
T+ C
ISo maximum total speed is 2C
R, frequency division multiplexing method FDM strategy can be realized the maximum band utilance in this zone.
By analysis, can obtain as drawing a conclusion: in the deadlock district, being competitive strategy to individual optimum, also is competition to global optimum.In convict predicament district and deception district, individual optimum is competition, and global optimum is cooperation.Because the present invention's research is globally optimal solution, thereby it is unified to seek strategy in individual's optimum and global optimum, if individual optimal policy is different with the total optimization strategy, the individual obeys whole strategy.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is to be subjected to the influence of signal to noise ratio and obstacle gain to be difficult to effectively improve the availability of frequency spectrum at existing frequency spectrum share algorithm, the present invention proposes a kind of based on game theoretic Poewr control method, the characteristic that takes full advantage of interactive water filling and frequency division multiplexing realizes having complementary advantages, and reaches the co-channel interference that reduces cognitive minizone and the purpose that improves the availability of frequency spectrum.Algorithm is based on two users' betting model of simplifying, according to the relation between obstacle gain and the signal to noise ratio under the different game scenes in the interference-limited cognition wireless environment, proposition is adopted interactive water flood in a little less than low signal-to-noise ratio and obstacle gain, adopts the frequency division multiplexing method when high s/n ratio and obstacle gain are strong.Simulation result shows that this method has effectively been utilized channel circumstance, has realized the selection of optimum power control method, has effectively improved the availability of frequency spectrum.
The speed income of considering cell boundary users mainly is subjected to the influence of base station transmitting power, the subscriber channel environment basically identical of adjacent sectors, the present invention is the angle from power control, utilize the game theory relevant knowledge, under the symmetric channel environment, obtained the Pareto optimal solution of the total speed income of user, and provided policy selection mechanism: adopted interactive water flood in a little less than low signal-to-noise ratio and obstacle gain, when high s/n ratio and obstacle gain are strong, adopt the frequency division multiplexing method.
In sum, by introducing game theory user's income is compared, select the optimum power control method, thereby improved user's speed income, improved the availability of frequency spectrum.
Claims (1)
- Claims1. the frequency spectrum sharing method of cell boundary users in the cognitive radio networks in two different cognitive users of neighbor cell, and is in frequency spectrum share stage of cognitive process, and its feature may further comprise the steps:Step 1: cognitive base station sends a reference signal every time t, and t gets cognitive radio sense cycle T;Step 2: cognitive user obtains channel information in the adjacent cognition network, and signal to noise ratio snr and obstacle gain h are generally arranged, and gives cognitive base station according to reference signal feedback signal to noise ratio snr and the obstacle gain h information that sends cognitive base station;Step 3: cognitive base station is according to the signal to noise ratio snr and the obstacle gain h information that obtain, according to decision rule:Determine whether cognitive user is in the deadlock district and judges;Step 4: if cognitive user is to be in the deadlock district, then carry out power control by interactive water flood, cognitive user is carried out frequency spectrum share in this sense cycle T;Step 5: if cognitive user is not to be in the deadlock district, then carry out power control by the frequency division multiplexing method, with maximum power transmission, noiseless between the frequency range;Step 6: the access of the concern cognitive user that cognitive base station continues and at the channel information of next sense cycle T adjacent sectors.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105490794A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-13 | 重庆邮电大学 | Packet-based resource distribution method for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) femtocell double-layer network |
| CN107613500A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-19 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of wireless frequency spectrum sharing method under uncertain environment |
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| WO2010126974A1 (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2010-11-04 | Lstar Technologies, Llc | Spectrum sharing using cognitive radios |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105490794A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-13 | 重庆邮电大学 | Packet-based resource distribution method for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) femtocell double-layer network |
| CN105490794B (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2019-03-26 | 重庆邮电大学 | The packet-based resource allocation methods of the Femto cell OFDMA double-layer network |
| CN107613500A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-19 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of wireless frequency spectrum sharing method under uncertain environment |
| CN107613500B (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-11-08 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of wireless frequency spectrum sharing method under uncertain environment |
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Application publication date: 20130814 |