CN103247215B - Low-permeability oil reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system and method - Google Patents
Low-permeability oil reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low permeability reservoir multilayer commingled production physical simulation system and a method, wherein the system comprises: an injection device, a plurality of planar models and a measuring device; the injection device is connected with each plane model, and each plane model is connected with the measuring device, wherein the injection device is used for injecting the displacement fluid into the plane models; the planar models are formed by packaging natural low-permeability sandstone flat plates with different permeability and are used for simulating different small layers of the multilayer oil reservoir; the front surface of each plane model is provided with a pressure measuring point for measuring the pressure field of the pressure measuring point of each plane model, and the back surface of each plane model is provided with an electrode measuring point for measuring the flow field and the saturation field of each plane model; and the measuring device is used for acquiring the pressure field, the flow field and the saturation field of each plane model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a geological development plane simulation experiment in the petroleum industry, in particular to a low permeability oil reservoir multilayer commingled production physical simulation system and method.
Background
At present, experimental research for indoor physical simulation of oilfield field development and production mainly adopts one-dimensional rock cores and flat plate models. For low-permeability reservoirs, one of the remarkable characteristics is that the heterogeneity is strong, the difference of the physical properties of reservoirs at different positions is large, and the control action on the fluid flow is different. Due to the existence of heterogeneity, the difference of the interlayer utilization degree of the multilayer oil reservoir is large, the interlayer interference is serious, and the difference of the water drive effect of each layer is large. In order to research the difference of water drive effect of each layer, fluid flow characteristics and distribution rules when the oil reservoir is subjected to multi-layer combined injection and combined production, in the prior art, a plurality of one-dimensional rock cores are subjected to parallel displacement by a parallel experiment system to obtain beneficial conclusions. Due to the complexity of the seepage rule of the low-permeability reservoir, the traditional one-dimensional small core nonlinear seepage experimental study cannot completely reflect the nonlinear seepage rule of the fluid in the two-dimensional direction. In the prior art, a low-permeability flat physical model is manufactured by adopting the low-permeability natural sandstone flat outcrop and an infiltration experiment is carried out, so that beneficial conclusions are obtained. Because of the limitation of laboratory conditions, no scholars adopt a flat plate model to carry out experimental research on the interlayer mobility degree, interlayer interference and water drive effect of each layer of a multilayer system oil reservoir at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is overcome by the defects in the prior art, and the invention provides a low permeability reservoir multilayer commingled production physical simulation system and method.
The invention provides a low permeability reservoir multilayer commingled production physical simulation system, which comprises: an injection device, a plurality of planar models and a measuring device; the injection device is connected with each planar model, each planar model is connected with the measuring device, and the injection device is used for injecting the displacement fluid into the plurality of planar models; the planar models are formed by packaging natural low-permeability sandstone flat plates with different permeability and are used for simulating different small layers of the multilayer oil reservoir; the front surface of each planar model is provided with a pressure measuring point for measuring the pressure field of the pressure measuring point of each planar model, and the back surface of each planar model is provided with an electrode measuring point for measuring the flow field and the saturation field of each planar model; the measuring device is used for collecting the pressure field, the flow field and the saturation field of each plane model.
The invention also provides a low permeability reservoir multilayer commingled production physical simulation method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a plurality of plane models according to requirements; injecting a displacement fluid into the plurality of planar models; and collecting and measuring the pressure field, the flow field and the saturation field of the plurality of planar models.
Compared with the blank of a flat plate model in the aspect of researching the multi-layer commingled production experiment technology in the prior art, the invention provides the low-permeability oil reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system and the method thereof, and the pressure field and the flow field of each layer can be automatically recorded during the multi-layer commingled production experiment. When the multi-layer oil reservoir development is simulated, the pressure change and the flow field change of each layer in the development process can be respectively known, which is the basis for understanding the oil reservoir development rule, evaluating the existing development effect and making the next adjustment plan. The existing experimental technology can not measure a pressure field and a flow field simultaneously, so that the analysis of an experimental result is not perfect; the invention realizes the simultaneous measurement of the pressure field and the flow field of the physical simulation experiment in the multi-layer oil reservoir development process.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a permeable oil reservoir multilayer commingled production physical simulation system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an injection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of electrode measurement point numbering of the planar model according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a multi-channel data collector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a permeable reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system according to another embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a permeable reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a permeable reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system according to an embodiment of the invention. (hereinafter referred to as system) as shown in fig. 1, the system includes: an injection device, a plurality of planar models and a measuring device; wherein,
an injection device 11 for injecting a displacement fluid into the plurality of planar molds 12;
the planar models 12 are formed by packaging natural low-permeability sandstone flat plates with different geometric dimensions, well pattern types and different permeabilities and are used for simulating each plane of the multilayer oil reservoir;
wherein, the front surface of each plane model 12 is provided with a pressure measuring point for measuring the pressure field of each plane model 12, and the back surface of each plane model 12 is provided with an electrode measuring point for measuring the flow field change condition and the saturation field change condition of each plane model 12;
the measuring device 13 is used for collecting and measuring the pressure fields, the flow fields and the saturation fields of the plurality of plane models 12;
in this embodiment, the planar model is fabricated by respectively encapsulating different small layers in the multi-layer reservoir with natural low-permeability sandstone flat plates with different permeabilities according to a specific experiment, and the geometric size and the well pattern type can be determined according to the requirements of the specific experiment. The injection and production well and the pressure measuring point are arranged on the front surface of the plane model 12, the hydraulic fracturing of the oil production well can be simulated by slotting according to the experimental requirement, and the measuring electrode is arranged on the back surface of the plane model 12 and used for measuring the flow field change condition in a single-phase experiment and the saturation field change condition in a two-phase experiment according to a resistivity method. The electrode wires are glued to the planar mould 12 by means of a conductive glue. After the arrangement of the pressure measuring points and the resistance measuring points, the planar model 12 is integrally cast with epoxy resin. After the sealing glue is solidified, vacuumizing the plane model 12; and a pressure gauge is connected to the plane model 12 in the vacuumizing process, so that the vacuumizing process is fully performed. And (3) carrying out primary saturation of the formation water by applying the external atmospheric pressure, finally injecting the formation water into the plane model 12 by using a displacement pump, holding the pressure for 24 hours, and standing the plane model 12 for 48 hours to ensure that the plane model 12 fully and uniformly saturates the formation water.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an injection device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the injection device 11 includes: a nitrogen gas cylinder 111, a pressure stabilizer 112, and an intermediate container 113; wherein,
a nitrogen cylinder 111 for providing gas source and transmitting the gas source to an intermediate container 113 through a pressure stabilizer 112;
and the pressure stabilizer 112 is arranged between the nitrogen gas cylinder 111 and the intermediate container 113 and is used for controlling the gas source and ensuring that continuous and stable supply pressure is provided for the intermediate container 113.
An intermediate reservoir 113 for generating a displacement fluid from the gas source and injecting the displacement fluid into the planar mold 12.
In another embodiment, the injection device 11 may also effect injection of the displacement fluid by means of a high-precision displacement pump.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the measuring device 13 includes: a multi-channel data acquisition unit 131, a resistivity measuring instrument 132, a pressure polling instrument 133 and a computer 134; wherein,
the multi-channel data acquisition unit 131 is respectively connected with each plane model 12 and is used for acquiring the resistivity between electrode measurement points arranged on the back of the plane model 12;
the resistivity measuring instrument 132 is connected to the multipath collector 131 and is used for measuring the numerical value of the resistivity collected by the multipath data collector 131, calculating the flow field and the saturation field of the planar model 12 according to the numerical value of the resistivity, and sending the flow field and the saturation field to the computer 134 for recording;
in this embodiment, the resistivity meter operates as follows:
the core resistivity and the ion concentration value of the formation water are in a functional relation as follows:
R＝f(a)f(b)
wherein R is resistivity, f (a) represents a function related to lithology, and f (b) represents a function related to concentration. f (a) the functional relation is difficult to establish. To solve this problem, a small sample of the outcrop model is used for calibration. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, measuring the resistivity data of a series of rock cores in a large model under different ion concentrations in an experiment, and carrying out a ratio of the data to the resistivity under the same fixed concentration. For the same position, the following formula can be derived:
wherein I is the resistivity ratio, R0Resistivity at the same fixed concentration.
And then, carrying out a calibration experiment by using parallel rock samples of the outcrop model to obtain the relation between the ion concentration of the mineralized water and the specific resistance, and then measuring the specific resistance of a certain point in the large model to obtain the ion concentration of the mineralized water at the certain point.
And the pressure polling instrument 133 is respectively connected with each plane model 12, collects and measures the pressure field of each pressure measurement point arranged on the front surface of the plane model 12, and sends the pressure field to the computer 134 for recording.
The pressure inspecting instrument is one industrial measuring and controlling instrument capable of being matched with pressure sensor for inspection, alarm control, transmission output, data acquisition and communication. The pressure polling instrument is a mature industrial measurement and control instrument, so the working principle is not repeated herein.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the distribution of electrode measurement points disposed on the back of the planar model 12 is shown in FIG. 4: 9 electrode measuring points are arranged on the plane model 12 according to the shape of 'tian', and are respectively numbered as follows: 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; the experiment requires testing two adjacent points, namely the resistivity between (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 7), (4, 8), (5, 6), (5, 7), (5, 8), (5, 9), (6, 8), (6, 9), (7, 8), (8, 9).
According to the old measuring method, the above 20 pairs of electrode lines must be connected, and the positions of the electrode lines must be corresponded to channel numbers.
In this embodiment, a control chip (a single chip) is disposed in the multi-channel data collector to form a circuit diagram as shown in fig. 5. Firstly, connecting No. 1-9 electrode measuring points on a plane model 12 to one end of an electrode contact in a circuit in sequence, and then connecting the No. 1-9 electrode measuring points to the other end of a street electrode contact; writing a data file on the computer 134, wherein the data file is in a txt file format, and the specific content is as follows:
Begin：1：(1，2)；2：(1，4)；3：(1，5)；4：(2，3)；5：(2，4)；6：(2，5)；7：(2，6)；8：(3，5)；9：(3，6)；10：(4，5)；11：(4，7)；12：(4，8)；13：(5，6)；14：(5，7)；15：(5，8)；16：(5，9)；17：(6，8)；18：(6，9)；19：(7，8)；20：(8，9)；end
the data file is transmitted to the control chip through the computer 14, the control chip control circuit controls different electronic switches according to the sequence set by the data file, the resistivity between different electrode measurement points is collected, the collected resistivity is measured through the resistance measuring instrument 132 to obtain the numerical value of the resistivity, the flow field and the saturation field of the planar model 12 are generated according to the numerical value of the resistivity, and the flow field and the saturation field are transmitted to the computer 134 for recording.
The computer 134 is connected to the resistivity meter 132 and the pressure monitor 133, and records and displays the flow field, the saturation field, and the pressure field. And finally, determining the specific position of each channel according to the data file, and processing the data. The more electrode measuring points are measured, the more obvious the advantages of the utility model are.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, fig. 6 is a schematic system structure diagram according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the system further includes a production device 14, and the production device 14 includes: a micro flow meter 141 and an electronic balance 142; wherein,
the micro-flow meter 141 is respectively connected to each of the planar models 12 and the electronic balance 142, and is configured to measure the speed of the fluid produced by the planar model 12;
the electronic balance 142 is connected to the micro flow meter 141 for measuring the yield of the produced fluid of the planar model 12.
In an actual experiment, when the pressure of the flat plate model 12 is stabilized, the fluid velocity and the fluid yield of the stabilized flat plate model 12 can be measured by the micro-flow meter 141 and the electronic balance 142.
Compared with the blank of a flat plate model in the aspect of researching the multi-layer commingled production experiment technology in the prior art, the invention provides the multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system of the permeable oil reservoir, and the pressure field and the flow field of each layer can be automatically recorded during the multi-layer commingled production experiment.
With reference to fig. 1 to 6, fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a permeable reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, the method includes:
in step S701, a plurality of plane models 12 are selected as necessary.
In this embodiment, the planar model 12 is fabricated by respectively encapsulating different small layers in a multi-layer reservoir with natural low-permeability sandstone flat plates with different permeabilities according to a specific experiment, and the geometric size and the well pattern type can be determined according to the needs of the specific experiment. The injection and production well and the pressure measuring point are arranged on the front surface of the plane model 12, the hydraulic fracturing of the oil production well can be simulated by slotting according to the experimental requirement, and the measuring electrode is arranged on the back surface of the plane model 12 and used for measuring the flow field change condition in a single-phase experiment and the saturation field change condition in a two-phase experiment according to a resistivity method. The electrode wires are glued to the planar mould 12 by means of a conductive glue. After the arrangement of the pressure measuring points and the resistance measuring points, the planar model 12 is integrally cast with epoxy resin. After the sealing glue is solidified, vacuumizing the plane model 12; and a pressure gauge is connected to the plane model 12 in the vacuumizing process, so that the vacuumizing process is fully performed. And (3) carrying out primary saturation of the formation water by applying the external atmospheric pressure, finally injecting the formation water into the plane model 12 by using a displacement pump, holding the pressure for 24 hours, and standing the plane model 12 for 48 hours to ensure that the plane model 12 fully and uniformly saturates the formation water.
Step S702, a displacement fluid is injected into the plurality of planar models 12.
In this embodiment, the displacement fluid may be injected into the planar mold 12 through the nitrogen cylinder 111, the pressure stabilizer 112, and the intermediate container 113. In another embodiment, the displacement fluid may be injected into the planar mold 12 by a high precision displacement pump.
Step S703, collecting and measuring the pressure field, flow field, and saturation field of the plurality of planar models 12.
In this embodiment, a control program may be input, and the flow fields and the saturation fields of the planar models 12 may be collected and measured according to the control program. Specifically, the electrode measurement points on the planar model 12 are numbered first, and a data file (in txt file format) is written on the computer 134, specifically as follows:
Begin：1：(1，2)；2：(1，4)；3：(1，5)；4：(2，3)；5：(2，4)；6：(2，5)；7：(2，6)；8：(3，5)；9：(3，6)；10：(4，5)；11：(4，7)；12：(4，8)；13：(5，6)；14：(5，7)；15：(5，8)；16：(5，9)；17：(6，8)；18：(6，9)；19：(7，8)；20：(8，9)；end
and acquiring and measuring the numerical values of the resistivity between different electrode measuring points through the sequence set by the data file, and calculating to obtain the flow field and the saturation field of the planar model 12.
Compared with the blank of a flat plate model in the aspect of researching the multi-layer commingled production experiment technology in the prior art, the invention provides the system and the method for simulating the multi-layer commingled production physical simulation of the permeable oil reservoir, and the pressure field and the flow field of each layer can be automatically recorded during the multi-layer commingled production experiment. When the multi-layer oil reservoir development is simulated, the pressure change and the flow field change of each layer in the development process can be respectively known, which is the basis for understanding the oil reservoir development rule, evaluating the existing development effect and making the next adjustment plan. The existing experimental technology can not measure a pressure field and a flow field simultaneously, so that the analysis of an experimental result is not perfect; the invention realizes the simultaneous measurement of the pressure field and the flow field of the physical simulation experiment in the multi-layer oil reservoir development process.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A low permeability reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system, comprising: an injection device, a plurality of planar models and a measuring device; said injection means being connected to each of said planar models, each of said planar models being connected to said measuring means, wherein,
the injection device is used for injecting a displacement fluid into the plurality of planar models;
the planar models are formed by packaging natural low-permeability sandstone flat plates with different permeability and are used for simulating different small layers of the multilayer oil reservoir;
electrode wires are arranged in each plane model and are glued with the plane models through conductive glue; arranging pressure measuring points on the front surface of each planar model for measuring the pressure field of the pressure measuring points of each planar model, and arranging electrode measuring points on the back surface of each planar model for measuring the flow field and the saturation field of each planar model; arranging the pressure measuring points on the front surface of each plane model, and integrally casting the model by using epoxy resin after arranging the electrode measuring points on the back surface of each plane model;
the measuring device is used for acquiring the pressure field, the flow field and the saturation field of each plane model;
wherein the measuring device comprises: the system comprises a multi-channel data acquisition unit, a resistivity measuring instrument, a pressure polling instrument and a computer; wherein,
the multi-path data acquisition unit is connected with each plane model, is used for acquiring the resistivity between the electrode measuring points on the plane model and sending the resistivity to the resistivity measuring instrument;
the resistivity measuring instrument is connected with the multi-channel data acquisition unit and is used for measuring the numerical value of the resistivity, calculating and generating the flow field of the planar model and the saturation field according to the numerical value of the resistivity and sending the flow field and the saturation field to the computer for recording;
the pressure polling instrument is connected with each plane model, collects and measures the pressure field of each pressure measuring point on the plane model, and sends the pressure field to the computer for recording;
the computer is connected with the resistivity measuring instrument and the pressure patrol instrument, and records and displays the flow field, the saturation field and the pressure field.
2. The low permeability reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system of claim 1, wherein the injection device comprises a nitrogen cylinder, an intermediate vessel, and a pressure stabilizer; wherein,
the nitrogen cylinder is connected with the pressure stabilizer and provides an air source for the intermediate container;
the pressure stabilizer is connected with the intermediate container and is used for controlling the air source and ensuring to provide continuous and stable supply pressure for the intermediate container;
the intermediate container is connected to each of the planar models, generates a displacement fluid according to the gas source, and injects the displacement fluid into each of the planar models.
3. The low permeability reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system of claim 1, wherein said injection means comprises a high precision displacement pump connected to each of said planar models for generating a displacement fluid for injection into each of said planar models.
4. The low permeability reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system of claim 1, wherein the multi-way data collector is further configured to control the multi-way data collector to collect resistivity between the electrode measurement points according to a control program set by a user.
5. The low permeability reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system of claim 1, further comprising a production device, connected to each of the planar models, comprising a micro-flow meter and an electronic balance; wherein,
the micro-flow meter is connected with each plane model and the electronic balance and is used for measuring the speed of the produced fluid of the plane model;
the electronic balance is connected with the micro-flowmeter and used for measuring the yield of the produced fluid of the plane model.
6. A low permeability reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation method using the low permeability reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation system of claim 1, comprising:
selecting a plurality of plane models according to requirements;
injecting a displacement fluid into the plurality of planar models;
and collecting and measuring the pressure field, the flow field and the saturation field of the plurality of planar models.
7. The low permeability reservoir multi-layer commingled production physical simulation method of claim 6, wherein said collecting and measuring pressure fields, flow fields, and saturation fields of said plurality of planar models further comprises:
and inputting a control program, and acquiring and measuring flow fields and saturation fields of the plurality of plane models according to the control program.
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| CN202363006U (en) * | 2011-10-21 | 2012-08-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司江汉油田分公司勘探开发研究院 | Experimental physical model for low-permeability bottom water oil pool exploitation |
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| CN202417477U (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2012-09-05 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Physical simulation visual experimental device |
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| CN102704911B (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2016-08-03 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of multilateral well experimental model, system and back-up sand method |
| CN102889070B (en) * | 2012-10-11 | 2015-08-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Simulation well head preparation method and informal plane well pattern simulation and application |
| CN203288149U (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-11-13 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Permeable oil reservoir multilayer commingled production physical simulation system |
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