CN1032418C - decomposition process for ammonium chloride - Google Patents
decomposition process for ammonium chloride Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1032418C CN1032418C CN 92114069 CN92114069A CN1032418C CN 1032418 C CN1032418 C CN 1032418C CN 92114069 CN92114069 CN 92114069 CN 92114069 A CN92114069 A CN 92114069A CN 1032418 C CN1032418 C CN 1032418C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- magnesium
- chloride
- ammonium chloride
- hydroxychloride
- ammonia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for decomposing ammonium chloride in order to manufacture ammonia and hydrogen chloride, which is characterized in that magnesium hydroxychloride or magnesium hydroxide obtained by hydrolyzing and separating magnesium hydroxychloride reacts with an ammonium chloride solution to discharge the ammonia and generate magnesium chloride; the magnesium chloride is hydrolyzed to release the hydrogen chloride and generate the magnesium hydroxychloride. The present invention completely avoids the sublimation of the ammonium chloride and has the advantages of low required decomposition temperature, rapid reaction speed and complete reaction.
Description
The invention relates to a method for preparing ammonia and hydrogen chloride by decomposing ammonium chloride.
The existing method for decomposing ammonium chloride, such as sodium bisulfate method, needs solid ammonium chloride to react at 220-270 ℃, so that the direct sublimation of ammonium chloride is difficult to avoid, the speed of releasing hydrogen chloride is slow, the reaction is difficult to be complete, and the industrial production of the method is very difficult to implement, the magnesium oxide method can use ammonium chloride solution to react at a lower temperature (about 105 ℃) to release ammonia, but the hydrogen chloride release is complete, and the temperature (more than 150 ℃) is high, so that the energy consumption is large, and the corrosion prevention of equipment is difficult to solve.
The invention aims to provide a method for decomposing ammonium chloride, which can completely avoid ammonium chloride from subliming, has low decomposition temperature and high reaction speed and completely reacts.
The conception of the invention is as follows: magnesium hydroxide obtained by hydrolysis and separation of magnesium hydroxychloride or magnesium hydroxychloride reacts with ammonium chloride solution under boiling condition (105-136 ℃), ammonia is rapidly released, and magnesium chloride solution is obtained. Magnesium chloride is hydrolyzed to release hydrogen chloride at 116 ℃, the temperature is controlled to be 210-310 ℃, the reaction is rapidly and completely carried out, the hydrogen chloride is released, and the magnesium hydroxychloride is obtained.
The specific process comprises the following steps:
firstly, ammonia distillation reaction:
solid ammonium chloride and water are added into a reactor for the first time, and are stirred and dissolved to prepare an ammonium chloride solution, wherein the added water amount is not less than 1.5 times of the weight of the ammonium chloride, and the excessive addition is not needed. Then adding magnesium oxide, the weight ratio of the magnesium oxide to the ammonium chloride is 1.2-1.7: 3, in order to accelerate the reaction, heating is usually needed to ensure that the materials react at the boiling temperature (105-136 ℃), the evaporated ammonia and the water vapor are separated in a gas-liquid separation device above the reactor, the water vapor is condensed and refluxed, and the ammonia is released, and the reaction is as follows:
then, magnesium hydroxide generated after the magnesium chloride is hydrolyzed and the hydrogen chloride is released in the reactor or magnesium hydroxide obtained by hydrolyzing and separating the magnesium hydroxide is subjected to ammonia distillation reaction only by adding ammonium chloride and water, and is heated to react under boiling conditions (105-136℃) to release ammonia, wherein the reaction formula is as follows:
The ammonia distillation reaction is carried out according to the conditions, and the distillation rate is nearly complete.
(II) releasing hydrogen chloride for reaction:
hydrolysis of magnesium chloride to release hydrogen chloride proceeds significantly at 116 ℃. But the reaction speed is accelerated along with the temperature rise, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 210-310 ℃, and the hydrogen chloride can be completely released. The preferred reaction temperature is 220-250 ℃ so that corrosion protection of the equipment is more easily achieved. The reaction formula is as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic of the process flow.
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to FIG. 1:
the ammonia evaporation reaction 1, the hydrogen chloride releasing reaction 2 and the hydroxyl magnesium chloride hydrolysis reaction 3 are carried out in the same reactor, after the hydrogen chloride 11 is released, the hydroxyl magnesium chloride 5 is left in the reaction container or the water 12 is added, the hydroxyl magnesium chloride 5 is subjected to the hydrolysis reaction 3, the obtained magnesium hydroxide 6 is separated by a centrifuge 4, the filtrate is a magnesium chloride solution 7 and is sent to the hydrogen chloride releasing reaction 2, the raw materials of ammonium chloride 8 and water 9 are added to carry out the ammonia evaporation reaction 1, after the ammonia 10 is released, the hydrogen chloride releasing reaction 2 is carried out, the hydrogen chloride 11 is released, and the following circulation is carried out.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the ammonia distillation reaction is carried out by using ammonium chloride solution, and the reaction temperature is 105-136 ℃, thereby completely avoiding the sublimation of ammonium chloride.
(2) The reaction temperature is low, and the corrosion prevention problem of equipment is easy to solve.
(3) The decomposition and recovery of ammonium chloride are nearly complete.
Claims (2)
1. A process for preparing ammonia and hydrogen chloride by decomposing ammonium chloride includes such steps as using magnesium oxide, hydrolyzing magnesium hydroxychloride or magnesium hydroxide obtained by separating magnesium hydroxychloride, reacting with ammonium chloride solution at boiling temp of 105-136 deg.C in the weight ratio of magnesium oxide to ammonium chloride of 1.2-1.7: 3, magnesium hydroxychloride to ammonium chloride of 2.3-3.3: 3 and magnesium hydroxide to ammonium chloride of 1.7-2.5: 3, reacting to release ammonia and magnesium chloride, heating magnesium chloride for hydrolysis to release hydrogen chloride and magnesiumhydroxychloride, and hydrolyzing magnesium chloride to release hydrogen chloride and magnesium hydroxychloride at 210-310 deg.C.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature for the hydrolysis of magnesium chloride to give hydrogen chloride is from 220 to 250 ℃.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92114069 CN1032418C (en) | 1992-11-20 | 1992-11-20 | decomposition process for ammonium chloride |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92114069 CN1032418C (en) | 1992-11-20 | 1992-11-20 | decomposition process for ammonium chloride |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1087062A CN1087062A (en) | 1994-05-25 |
| CN1032418C true CN1032418C (en) | 1996-07-31 |
Family
ID=4946781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 92114069 Expired - Fee Related CN1032418C (en) | 1992-11-20 | 1992-11-20 | decomposition process for ammonium chloride |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1032418C (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1944291B (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2010-12-29 | 自贡鸿鹤化工股份有限公司 | Method for teating heavy alkali filter liquid in synthesizing alkali producing method |
| CN102070159A (en) * | 2010-11-19 | 2011-05-25 | 浙江海虹控股集团有限公司 | Method for recovering ammonia from solid-state inorganic strong acid ammonium salt by utilizing quick lime |
| CN102320622B (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-07-31 | 绍兴文理学院 | Ammonium salt recovery method |
| CN102718186A (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2012-10-10 | 广东南方碱业股份有限公司 | Hydrogen chloride and ammonia co-generation method |
| CN103588220B (en) * | 2013-10-30 | 2016-02-24 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | A kind of ammonium chloride decomposes soda acid joint process and the system of preparing ammonia and hydrochloric acid |
| CN105753016B (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2018-03-09 | 浙江大学 | The multitube moving bed reaction device of ammonium chloride pyrolysis separation preparing ammonia and hydrogen chloride |
| CN106219489A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-12-14 | 天津大学 | The processing method of produced waste water during being prepared ferrum oxide by steel mill's pickle liquor |
-
1992
- 1992-11-20 CN CN 92114069 patent/CN1032418C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1087062A (en) | 1994-05-25 |
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| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |