CN103239215B - For the method for testing of sweat gland of skin perspiration ion - Google Patents
For the method for testing of sweat gland of skin perspiration ion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the non-invasive detection system for autonomic neuropathy and method thereof.The non-invasive detection system of autonomic neuropathy of the present invention comprises: electrod-array, voltage reference module, switch arrays, measurement module, adjustable resistance, discrete voltage module, central processing unit and analysis module etc.After the resistance and capacity effect equivalent resistance of anticipation human body, realize the equivalent resistance of human body resistance change, capacity effect with adjustable precision resistance; Then the judgement of tested path is carried out; In test and in the voltage at storage electrode the two poles of the earth and circuit adjustable precision resistance voltage after, carry out date processing, generate I ~ U curve chart, thus obtain one group of slope data; Carry out autonomic neuropathy feature analysis according to slope data contrast pathological data storehouse, show which kind of pathological condition experimenter belongs to, and Output rusults.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical apparatus and instruments, relate generally to a kind of non-invasive detection system for autonomic neuropathy and detection method thereof.
Background technology
Autonomic neuropathy be due to domination heart and the autonomic nerve fibers of blood vessel impaired cause Rate control and vascular dynamics abnormal, it is the pathological changes of diabetic complication earliest period.Epidemiological study shows, and patient's fatality rate in 5 years with diabetic autonomic neuropathy is 5 times of non-diabetic autonomic neuropathy.But mostly autonomic neuropathy,diabetic change is recessive onset, patient starts often no conscious sympton, and treat that its clinical symptoms occurs, irreversible pathological change has appearred in autonomic nerve.
If can by the early diagnosis of diabetic autonomic neuropathy, find the silent myocardial ischemia relevant with diabetic autonomic neuropathy, the probability of heart infarction and sudden cardiac death, diabetic autonomic neuropathy is obtained in early days, effective Comprehensive Treatment, just can reduce the generation of these relevant diseases of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.But lack the means of convenience, responsive detection autonomic neuropathy at present.
The equipment of the existing earlier detection for diabetic autonomic neuropathy and method, though have been reported, obtain clinical practice very less.Main cause one is because the operation of these methods is comparatively loaded down with trivial details, is difficult to obtain clinical acceptance; Two is in detecting in early days except cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy has concrete quantizating index, and other method is all without specific standards.And the traditional inspection method such as acute skin toxicity, laser Doppler flowmetry needs the positive cooperation of patient, operation is difficult to standardization.Such as, since electrophysiologic study is carried out, the mensuration of nerve conduction velocity (QR), for the early diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy provides objective basis.But the mensuration of nerve conduction velocity detects the conduction having the large fiber of marrow, and diabete peripheral herve system damage is got involved extremely in early days is mostly that, without marrow and the sensation fubril and the autonomic nerve fubril that have marrow, traditional nerve conduction velocity measures these fubrils and is restricted.For another example, perspire nervus motorius axon reflex test (QSART experiment) to without marrow and have the sensation fubril of marrow and autonomic nerve fubril test be considered to more accurate and sensitiveer, but cumbersome, expend time in.And for example, the object of study of heart rate variability (HeartR ateV ariability, H RV) is successively the difference of heartbeat time interval, i.e. the diversity of sinus IBI speed.Heart rate variability analysis is that of earlier detection autonomic neuropathy is more responsive, the atraumatic means of high specificity.The indices of its time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis and nonlinear kinetics is for evaluation autonomic neuropathy state and detect early stage autonomic neuropathy and all have important value, can provide reference frame for clinical diagnosis and treatment diabetic autonomic neuropathy.But because the change of heart rate is by the adjustment of many factors, its application is subject to the strict restriction of condition.
Electrochemical method is used on the Non-invasive detection of diabetes, it is based on the more serious electrochemical effect of diabetics this theoretical foundation less, but, the factor that the method have ignored skin histology resistance because diabetic autonomic neuropathy causes, capacity effect obviously changes, the special delay phenomenon not having to consider because capacity effect causes in the processing method of human body equivalent resistance, testing result often differs greatly with clinical test results.And the method does not have the detection of the autonomic neuropathy caused in diabetes is applied.
But in fact, even if under specified human-body safety DC voltage, the change of the resistance of human body is jumpy within the test time started, and its needs just can reach stable value for a long time.Because be applied to the moment of human body at DC voltage, each cell of human body is equivalent to a small electric capacity, and the capacity effect of each cell is superimposed, and the Influence on test result of its effect to test be can not ignore.Want to reach accurate result, the time long enough of test can only be leaned on, but this is again unpractical in the middle of actual clinical, when particularly test needs the different DC voltage of applying just can complete.
Summary of the invention
There is provided content of the present invention to introduce some concepts will further described in following detailed description of the invention in simplified form.Content of the present invention is not intended to the key feature or the essential feature that identify theme required for protection specially, is not intended to the scope for helping to determine theme required for protection yet.
Detection system provided by the invention and method are based on human body resistance change, capacity effect, the considering of electrochemical change, under specific discrete voltage, ion and the Ph value situation of change of perspiration is tested by the electrochemical appliance being applied to skin surface, by the relation of the pathological changes of electrochemical parameter and autonomic nerve, judge situation and the degree of autonomic neuropathy.This system and method eliminates the delay phenomenon due to capacity effect under the DC voltage of sudden change, possesses quick, accurate, noninvasive feature.
Non-invasive detection system for autonomic neuropathy of the present invention comprises: electrod-array 101, switch arrays 102, measurement module 103, adjustable resistance 104, discrete voltage module 105, central processing unit 106 and analysis module 107.Electrod-array 101 comprises the sensor electrode for test perspiration ion concentration and pH value change, is positioned over the position such as extremity or hand, chest, forehead, is close to skin surface.By switch arrays 102, pair of electrodes is formed sensor to access in discrete voltage module 105, other electrodes all take disconnect mode.Each sensor electrode is connected in parallel in discrete voltage module 105.Adjustable resistance 104 is used for the equivalent resistance of testing human resistance and body capacity effect.Switch arrays 102 access measurement module 103 with adjustable resistance 104 in the mode of connecting, and measurement module 103 can measure voltage and the resistance of adjustable resistance 104, and test result is stored by central processing unit 106.Central processing unit 106 controls discrete voltage module 105, switch arrays 102 and measurement module 103, processes, calculates and stores simultaneously to the electrochemical signals collected, and controls the frequency of sampling.Analysis module 107 connects central processing unit 106, analyzes, and export analysis result to the result of central processing unit 106.
Detection method according to the present invention comprises the following steps: by resistance and the capacity effect equivalent resistance of coarse adjustment and fine tuning two step anticipation human body, realizes the equivalent resistance of human body resistance change, capacity effect with adjustable precision resistance; Carry out the judgement of tested path; The voltage of adjustable precision resistance in test the voltage at storage electrode the two poles of the earth and circuit; Carry out date processing, generate I ~ U curve chart, obtain one group of slope data; Carry out autonomic neuropathy feature analysis according to slope data contrast pathological data storehouse, show which kind of pathological condition experimenter belongs to, and Output rusults.
By reading detailed description of the invention also reference relevant drawings below, the features and advantages of the invention will be apparent.Be appreciated that foregoing summary and following detailed description of the invention are all illustrative, do not limit each side required for protection.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of autonomic neuropathy detection system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of autonomic neuropathy detection method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is current-voltage curve figure according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 carries out to normal person, impaired glucose tolerance patients, diabetics the skin bioelectrical signals correlation curve figure that skin bio electricity Validity Test obtains according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description provided below in conjunction with accompanying drawing is intended to as the description to each example of the present invention, but not represents the unique forms for explaining or utilize each example of the present invention.
Autonomic neuropathy is a kind of multi-factor disease, and diabetes are its main causes.The pathological changes of the autonomic nerve caused due to diabetes can cause the not normal of sweat gland function, particularly especially obvious at the body part of far-end.And sweat gland function is not normal, cause the fibrosis of sweat gland tissue, antiperspirant pipe is inaccessible, and subcutaneous perspiration reduces, cuticle thickening.The simultaneously ion concentration of sweat and the pH value exception that all can become.When measuring the chemical property of skin, the ion concentration of sweat and acid-base value factor play Main Function.Thus just can be judged the pathological changes of the autonomic nerve of diabetes by the chemical property testing perspiration, and then also can release the lesion degree of diabetes.
Based on this, the invention provides the autonomic neuropathy detection system that a kind of degree of accuracy is high.
As shown in Figure 1, autonomic neuropathy detection system according to the present invention comprises: electrod-array 101, switch arrays 102, measurement module 103, adjustable resistance 104, discrete voltage module 105, central processing unit 106 and analysis module 107.
Electrod-array 101 comprises the sensor electrode for test perspiration ion concentration and pH value change, and that such as prepares with lithium material, ag material, nickel material with the sodium ion of perspiration, hydrion, chloride ion etc., the electrode of electrochemical reaction can occur under given voltage.The quantity of electrode, usual 2 ~ 8, for 5 electrodes: hand L1 on the left of human body; Hand L2 on the right side of human body; Human abdomen L3; Foot L4 on the left of human body; Foot L5 on the right side of human body.Test sensor can be mutually formed between every two electrodes.For n(3≤n≤8) individual electrode, consider that both positive and negative polarity can exchange, n × (n-1) individual sensor can be formed and test.
Electrode is positioned over the position such as extremity or hand, chest, forehead, is close to skin surface.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that as required, can number of electrodes be increased and decreased.Meanwhile, because the ion concentration of human sweat is very little, for obtaining the enough large skin bioelectrical signals of intensity, the area of electrode should be enough large, preferred area>=1cm
2.
Consider that diabetes pathological changes more easily has influence on the autonomic nerve of far-end, and be symmetrical influenced, the impact that also namely right-hand man is subject to is the same, and in like manner double-legged situation is the same.But the distance of hands and foot is different, the impact be thus subject to is also namely different, and the impact that foot is subject to is larger than hands.Namely to test the autonomic neuropathy of extremity, at least need 3 sensor electrodes, one be placed in abdominal part, one be placed on hand, one be placed on foot.Revalue the symmetry of both hands and both feet, each hands of demand and foot have sensor electrode, preferably 5 electrodes described above.20 pairs of sensors can be formed test.
Especially, extremity are considered:
L1 ~ L3 and L2 ~ L3: investigation be the autonomic neuropathy of abdominal part to both hands.
L4 ~ L3 or L5 ~ L3: investigation be abdominal part to the autonomic neuropathy of both feet.
Each sensor electrode is connected in parallel in discrete voltage module (105).
By switch arrays (102), pair of electrodes is formed sensor to access in discrete voltage module (105), such as L1 ~ L3 combination of electrodes, L1 electrode is as anode, and other electrodes all take disconnect mode.
Adjustable resistance 104 is adjustable precision resistance, and effect is used to the equivalent resistance of testing human resistance and body capacity effect.Resistance sizes and the capacity effect of different human body are different, and its equivalent resistance realizes by regulating adjustable precision resistance.The adjustable extent of adjustable precision resistance is at 0 ~ 1M Ω, and precision is 100 Ω.Due to the impact of capacity effect, the response of human body to the change of voltage has delay phenomenon and occurs, particularly when the amplitude that voltage changes is large.In order to the equivalent resistance of human body resistance and capacity effect more accurately can be obtained out, take first to carry out large-scale coarse adjustment, obtain one and carry out fine tuning more among a small circle.Each adjusting resistance values size has successively decreases successively to little greatly.
Switch arrays 102 access measurement module 103 with adjustable precision resistance in the mode of connecting, measurement module 103 can measure the voltage of adjustable precision resistance, the electric current of circuit can be drawn by the voltage of adjustable precision resistance and resistance calculations, and test result is stored by central processing unit 106.For security consideration, measurement module 103 also can comprise protection circuit.In order to prevent interference, measurement module 103 also can possess anti-jamming circuit.In addition, the ion concentration based on human sweat is very little, the feature that electrochemical signals is fainter, and measurement module 103 also can comprise possessing and to amplify the skin bioelectrical signals collected and circuit that A/D transforms.
Central processing unit 106, is connected to discrete voltage module 105, switch arrays 102 and measurement module 103, controls them, process, calculate and store simultaneously to the electrochemical signals collected, and controls the frequency of sampling.
Analysis module 107, connects central processing unit 106, carries out computational analysis, and export analysis result.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of autonomic neuropathy detection method of the present invention.Set forth for test electrode is combined as example with above-mentioned L1 ~ L3 below.Using the positive pole of left hand sensor electrode L1 as-Π/2 ~ 0 period discrete voltage wave, investigation now be the change of the negative ion concentration of left hand, such as chloride ion etc.And become negative pole during the period discrete voltage wave of 0 ~ Π/2, investigation be the change of the concentration of cation, such as hydrion or sodium ion etc.Concrete to select the material of sensor for foundation.
First, in step 201, the resistance of anticipation human body and capacity effect equivalent resistance.The object of this step makes that human body resistance changes, the equivalent resistance of capacity effect is realized by adjustable precision resistance.Resistance sizes and the capacity effect of different human body are different.The scope of adjustable precision resistance is at 0 ~ 1M Ω, and precision is 100 Ω.Due to the impact of capacity effect, the response of human body to the change of voltage has delay phenomenon and occurs, particularly when the amplitude that voltage changes is large.In order to the equivalent resistance of human body resistance and capacity effect more accurately can be obtained out, take first to carry out large-scale coarse adjustment, obtain one and carry out fine tuning more among a small circle:
First carrying out coarse adjustment, take L1 as anode, and L3 is negative electrode, apply a galvanic current pressure V, V is the arbitrary value of 0 ~ 2V, in predetermined T time, with the amplitude of △ R0, regulate the resistance of adjustable precision resistance, be reduced to 0 gradually from 1M Ω, wherein △ R depends on the applying voltage time t of time T and each step, and the scope of T belongs to (10s ~ 300s), the scope of t at (0.5s ~ 3s), the voltage of each step adjustable precision resistance of data processor record.And the voltage finding out adjustable precision resistance is approximately the some U0 of the half of supply voltage, i.e. U0 ≈ V/2, the resistance of now corresponding adjustable precision resistance is designated as R0.Data processor is by (R0+R0/2, the R0-R0/2) scope as next step fine tuning.
Then fine tuning is carried out, take L1 as anode, L3 is negative electrode, applies a galvanic current pressure V, voltage is herein consistent with the voltage V of coarse adjustment, in the scheduled time T same with coarse adjustment, with the amplitude of △ R, regulate the resistance of adjustable precision resistance, R0-R0/2 is reduced to gradually from R0+R0/2, wherein △ R depends on the applying voltage time t of time T and each step, and wherein t is consistent with the applying voltage time t of each step of coarse adjustment, the voltage of each step adjustable precision resistance of data processor record.And the voltage finding out adjustable precision resistance is the some U of the half of supply voltage, i.e. U=V/2, the resistance of now corresponding adjustable precision resistance is designated as R.
The resistance R of adjustable precision resistance stores by central processing unit 106, and adjustable precision resistance R herein not only reflects the resistance of human body, also reflects the capacity effect of human body, and namely R is the equivalent resistance of human body resistance and electric capacity.
Between every pair of electrodes, human body resistance and the equivalent resistance of electric capacity are all through identical test, are stored the test resistance R of each pair of electrode by central processing unit 106.In the anticipation actuation voltage range and testing procedure of follow-up often pair electrode, adjustable precision resistance is adjusted to the equivalent resistance R of counter electrode.
Then enter step 202, carry out the judgement of tested path in this step:
L1 is linked into power module as anode and adjustable precision resistant series, and adjustable precision resistance adjustment, to the equivalent resistance position of L1 ~ L3 combination of electrodes of preserving, gives the arbitrary DC voltage V of anode 0 ~ 2V, such as: 1V, and voltage steps persistent period t.The scope of t is between 1 ~ 3s, and sample frequency is 10 ~ 1000HZ.The voltage of processor for recording anode LI electrode, the voltage of negative electrode L3 electrode, records the voltage of adjustable precision resistance simultaneously, and the electric current in electrochemical appliance is calculated by the voltage of adjustable precision resistance and resistance, resistance is corresponding electrode equivalent resistance, and electric current adopts averaging method to average.According to convention, set a threshold I ', if I is less than threshold, discriminating test is improper, sends abnormal notice.Now check experimenter attitude and tested time exception environment.The degree of drying of such as skin, skin are close to the degree of sensor, the circuit problem of equipment.Until I is greater than threshold I ', till representing that test can be carried out.Same test is carried out to other sensor.After all meeting the requirements, enter step 203.
Test and the voltage of adjustable precision resistance in the voltage at storage electrode the two poles of the earth and circuit in step 203:
L1 is linked into discrete voltage module 105 as anode and adjustable precision resistant series, adjustable precision resistance adjustment is to the equivalent resistance position of L1 ~ L3 combination of electrodes of preserving, discrete voltage module 105 anode electrode L1 applies a discrete voltage, for sine voltage, by-Π/2 ~ Π/2 cycle as the test voltage cycle, Π/2, Π/2 ~ 3 periodic voltage ripple is also feasible, and is exported with the form of discrete voltage by the sine voltage in this cycle.The frequency of voltage, amplitude, phase place have set as default value and to be stored in central processing unit (106) inner.
-Π/2 ~ 0 is divided into N number of interval, and namely have N number of discrete voltage to export, under the requirement meeting test speed, voltage range is the smaller the better.Step value N scope is 10 ~ 100.Given amplitude is that V, V value is between 6 to 8V.
dsinωt/dt=ωcosωt
△V0=kcos0°,△V1=kcos90°/N,△Vn=kcos90°(N-1)/N.
k(kcos0°+kcos90°/N+………cos(N-1)90°/N.)=V
k=V/(kcos0°+kcos90°/N+………cos90°(N-1)/N.)
V and N value is set by central processing unit 106.K value is obtained by above-mentioned formula, and the discrete voltage size of each step can be obtained.Same process is done for 0 ~ Π/2 cycle.All process are completed jointly by central processing unit and discrete voltage module 105.Each applying discrete voltage be continuously t, the scope 0 ~ 3S of t, is also controlled by central processing unit 106.
Read the voltage of adjustable precision resistance in the voltage at each electrode the two poles of the earth and circuit by measurement module 103, and be stored in central processing unit 106 li.Sample frequency is 10 ~ 1000HZ.
Exchange another to test sensor electrode, be completed successively.Record all test results and store.
Then enter step 204, in this step, carry out date processing by central processing unit 106: be data set, such as a L1 ~ L3 with the result of often pair of sensor electrode test, the data acquisition averaging method of the voltage of each continuation steps obtains meansigma methods.Make the n-U of U=U bear, wherein U is just for being applied to the discrete voltage of each step of sensor anelectrode, and U bears the voltage into now sensor negative pole.In detection system, the electric current of current measurement circuit is obtained by the electric current calculating adjustable precision resistance, is designated as I.
Using the data in N number of for-Π/2 ~ 0 cycle interval as one group, this group data show be L1 as anode, L3 is as the electrochemical effect of negative electrode.And 0 ~ Π/2 periodic reaction be L3 as anode, L1 is as the electrochemical effect of negative electrode.The impact be subject to according to the right-hand man of the autonomic neuropathy of diabetes is the same.Its curve is symmetrical with X-axis.
In the periodic voltage ripple of-Π/2 ~ 0, take U as abscissa, I is vertical coordinate, makes I ~ U curve chart, as shown in Figure 3.Curve first half is straight line, and the slope of straight line and X-axis is designated as K.
The data of all combination of electrodes do identical process, and the slope result obtained is designated as combination { K1K2Kn}.
Using the foundation of above-mentioned obtained result slope as next step diabetic autonomic neuropathy feature analysis.
Enter step 205, carry out diabetic autonomic neuropathy feature analysis by analysis module 107.
Skin bio electricity Validity Test is carried out according to many cases experimenter (comprising normal person, diabetes but autonomic nerve without sufferer, autonomic nerve sufferer), obtain diabetes but autonomic nerve without sufferer, the typical electrochemical profiles of autonomic nerve sufferer as shown in Figure 4, the slope that autonomic nerve injury degree and experimenter survey electrochemical profiles becomes reverse relation, autonomic nerve injury is more serious, and slope is less.The electrochemical profiles slope of the diabetics that autonomic nerve is impaired is very little, and the slope that the normal person that non-diabetic and autonomic nerve do not damage and diabetes but autonomic nerve do not damage the wounded is suitable, only show size of current different, the electric current that diabetes but autonomic nerve do not damage the wounded is less.
For through age, the corrected all objects of Body Mass Index Score (BMI), given all combination of electrodes electrochemical profiles slope be K1 ~ Kn.
Be symmetrical according to the impact be subject to the bilateral of extremity of the autonomic neuropathy of diabetes, and extremity distance is far away, the impact be subject to is larger.Combinations thereof directly merger can investigate the electrochemical profiles slope K for hands ~ hands
hands, the slope K of foot ~ foot
foot.
By age (Age), Body Mass Index Score (BMI), K
hands, K
foot, Δ K is as the factor of influence in pathological data storehouse.
Database examples based on the above-mentioned factor illustrates:
Based on comprehensive consideration, autonomic nerve analysis module is made up of different scope example data storehouses.After experimenter's test, the result obtained enters into different database matching, show which kind of pathological condition experimenter belongs to.
More than describe the present invention in detail for the non-invasive detection system of autonomic neuropathy and method thereof.More than describing provides in exemplary fashion, and not to be intended to limit the scope of protection of present invention.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the embodiment of the modification of the embodiment of described the technology of the present invention and the various combination according to the technology of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1., for a method of testing for sweat gland of skin perspiration ion, comprising:
Anticipation is connected on resistance and the capacity effect equivalent resistance (201) of subject circuit, realize equivalent resistance by regulating adjustable precision resistance to measure, wherein the method for anticipation experimenter equivalent resistance is divided into two steps to carry out, first coarse adjustment is on a large scale carried out, then carry out limiting accurately debugging among a small circle, the scope of described coarse adjustment is on a large scale carried out between adjustable precision resistance gamut, the result R of coarse adjustment
0stored by data processor and be called in ensuing accurate debugging, described accurate debugging is the result R determined in described coarse adjustment
0basis sets (R
0+ R
0/ 2) ~ (R
0-R
0/ 2) carry out in scope;
Judge whether tested path can carry out testing (202);
Apply one group of sinusoidal wave discrete voltage to nickel electrode sensor, the described discrete voltage cycle is continuous print half period, the voltage (203) of adjustable precision resistance in test the voltage at storage electrode the two poles of the earth and circuit;
Carry out U ~ I curve chart that date processing (204) generates electrode, the slope of calculated curve first half section straight line portion and X-axis obtains slope and combines; And
Human body skin sweat gland perspiration ion test analysis.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that:
The scope of described adjustable precision resistance is at 0 ~ 1M Ω, and precision is 100 Ω.
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| CN105455797B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2020-01-07 | 南京茂森电子技术有限公司 | Autonomic nerve heart regulation function measuring method and device |
| CN104644125B (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2017-09-29 | 长沙一卫医疗科技有限公司 | The equipment of human blood glucose sweat gland of skin sweat ion situation |
| CN107184189A (en) * | 2017-05-19 | 2017-09-22 | 四川省崇州锦海医疗器械有限公司 | A kind of method for detecting human body physiological data |
| CN109770852B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2022-02-22 | 重庆诺思达医疗器械有限公司 | Rapid detection method for diabetic autonomic neuropathy |
| CN111579627B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-09-08 | 山东师范大学 | Tumor multi-biomarker parallel detection system and method |
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| CN101309638A (en) * | 2005-09-06 | 2008-11-19 | 神经系统检测公司 | Disposable, multi-purpose cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy testing device |
| CN101657154A (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-02-24 | 因佩多医药公司 | Electrophysiological analysis system |
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| US3971366A (en) * | 1974-11-25 | 1976-07-27 | Hiroshi Motoyama | Apparatus and method for measuring the condition of the meridians and the corresponding internal organs of the living body |
| CN101309638A (en) * | 2005-09-06 | 2008-11-19 | 神经系统检测公司 | Disposable, multi-purpose cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy testing device |
| CN101657154A (en) * | 2007-02-23 | 2010-02-24 | 因佩多医药公司 | Electrophysiological analysis system |
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