CN1032366A - Supersonic cell pulverizer - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of supersonic cell pulverizer is used for various biomass cellss are carried out break process.It includes vertical sandwich piezoelectric-type half-wave dipole, has the horn that longitudinal size is odd-multiple 1/4th fundamental wavelengths.Horn can be divided into multistage, and preamplifying rod is an aluminium matter, and final stage amplitude transformer is material with the titanium alloy.Piezoelectric vibrator is in the node position with the plane that is connected of horn, and the output end face of horn is in anti-node location.It can high-level efficiency, equably various cell is carried out pulverization process, the adaptive a plurality of different probes of a function, adjustable power.

Description

Supersonic cell pulverizer

The present invention relates to the break process of biomass cells, is to utilize the ultrasonic cavitation effect biomass cells to be carried out the device of break process.

In the past, biomass cells is carried out the employed method of break process mechanical crushing method, freeze thawing crush method and chemical reaction crush method are arranged, but these methods have the crushing effect heterogeneity, and poor repeatability can cause that in processing cell self takes place to go bad and shortcomings such as percentage of damage is low.

Along with being showing improvement or progress day by day of biotechnology, genetic engineering and life science, need more advanced means and come broken biomass cells, extract intracellular [(as DNA and RNA).Because the shockwave that intense ultrasonic wave produced is enough to eliminate atomic little bubble in the liquid, so, the liquid that contains biomass cells is being carried out cell pulverization when handling, its effect be additive method can't be obtained, its unique advantage is arranged, can overcome the existing shortcoming of above-mentioned other method.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cavitation effect of ultrasonic wave in liquid that utilize, the biomass cells in the liquid is carried out the ultrasonic cell-break device of break process.Its energy adaptive a plurality of probe of one machine (horn), easy accessibility during the transposing probe, many grades of output ratings are adjustable, under different various working (as the viscosity difference of changing different treatment troughs, test solution, liquid measure what, use different probe or the like), can make work be in resonant condition all the time, coupling be good in the work.

Technical solution of the present invention:

Ultrasonic cell-break device of the present invention is made up of ultrasonic oscillator, ultrasonic wave " an electric machine " transverter and these three main integral parts of ultrasonic amplitude amplifier.Ultrasonic wave " an electric machine " transverter is vertical sandwich piezoelectric-type half-wave dipole, sends out the element that shakes and adopts piezoelectric ceramic piece, also can adopt piezoelectric monocrystal.Piezoelectric element will be after the electrode clamping constitutes a half-wave dipole from two, and then on cover thereafter back shroud, be the ultrasonic amplitude amplifier in its place ahead, adopt the fixed form of central single screw the three to be clamped with certain prestress.With the contre electrode is that the center comprises that the piezoelectric element on two limits presss from both sides half that its general thickness of back (being longitudinal length) should equal fundamental wavelength.The ultrasonic amplitude amplifier is the horn that titanium alloy is made, and it directly is connected with the output face of piezoelectricity half-wave dipole, and its effect is to accept, transmit the ultrasonic wave longitudinal vibration that is produced by half-wave dipole.And and hyperacoustic amplitude amplified in transmittance process, it longitudinally attenuates (cross section diminishes gradually) gradually from input side to output face, and its vertical total length equals 1/4th fundamental wavelengths of odd-multiple.Piezoelectric vibrator is in the node position with the plane that is connected of horn, and the end of horn (immersing in the liquid sample) plane then should be in anti-node location.If horn is made up of more piece, being connected the plane and should being in anti-node location between each horn and the horn, its length overall should equal 1/4th fundamental wavelengths of odd-multiple after the longitudinal size addition of each section horn.The automatic frequency tracking circuit is arranged in the ultrasonic oscillator, and it has guaranteed in all natural frequencies that may cause the working order that supersonic cell pulverizer under the operating mode of drift can be maintained its resonance all the time to take place.Because above-mentioned measures makes complete machine mate well ultrasonic transmission efficient height at work.Horn requires its whole titanium alloy that adopts when adopting single-stage, respond well like this, but the cost height.In order to reduce cost, can adopt multistage form, for example, when horn is secondary, prime (directly linking to each other with piezoelectric vibrator) is thicker, adopt the aluminium alloy manufacturing, and final stage (directly immersing in the liquid sample) horn is more tiny, the employing titanium alloy is made, and manufacturing cost is reduced.Adopting the secondary horn to also have a benefit, is exactly the requirement that it can satisfy the adaptive a plurality of probes of a machine (final stage amplitude transformer).Between final stage amplitude transformer and the preamplifying rod fixed form that adopts the central type single screw, so, easy accessibility when the different probe of transposing.Not only require to change different probes when carrying out break process for different quantities with different types of cell, also require different ultrasonic powers, the power conditioning circuitry piece in the vibrator can satisfy this requirement.Ultrasonic cell-break device power of the present invention is big, probe is many, resonant condition is good, " electricity one " power conversion rate height, also can be equipped with the height adjuster of sample treatment trough refrigerator (thermostatted), probe relative liquid surface in use, and the utility appliance such as soundproof box that complete machine is sealed fully, thereby solved existing problems of the prior art, realized purpose of the present invention.

Below, in conjunction with the embodiments, according to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is the transverter and the amplitude amplifier assembly of supersonic cell pulverizer, reflects vertical sandwich piezoelectric vibrator and the structure of the amplitude amplifier be made up of the secondary horn.

Fig. 2 is the probe of the outer contour curved surface of stepped appearance.

Fig. 3 is the probe of the outer contour curved surface of hyperbolic catenary.

Fig. 4 is that A-A among Fig. 1 is to diagrammatic sketch.

Fig. 5 is the machine shape figure of supersonic cell pulverizer.

Show among Fig. 1, what the ultrasonic wave of this machine " an electric machine " transverter adopted is vertical sandwich piezoelectric vibrator, piezoelectric element adopts piezoelectricity pottery sheet (4) and (6), these two piezoelectric ceramics are clamped it Face to face towards contre electrode (5), piezoelectric ceramics is anodal together with contre electrode (5) conduct with the contacted plane of contre electrode (5), and two opposite sides are negative pole, so negative pole contacts with the input side (10) of back shroud (2) and first step horn (7) respectively.The thickness of whole piezoelectric vibrator equals the half-wavelength of first-harmonic.It is fastening with certain moment to adopt central type single screw (1) piezoelectric vibrator to be clamped between the flange face (being input side) (10) of back shroud (2) and first step horn, there is an annular insulation collapsible dist collar (3) that the positive electrode and the trip bolt (1) of piezoelectric vibrator are separated, spacer (3) also makes the piezoelectric vibrator after clamped increase elasticity, and it can adopt the organo-silicone rubber of excellent property to make.When the assembling piezoelectric vibrator, should on each side of piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) and (6), coat conductive resin.Horn directly is connected with the output face of piezoelectric vibrator as the ultrasonic amplitude amplifier, amplitude amplifier in the present embodiment adopts the secondary horn, the first step (7) shape is thick, with the aluminium alloy is material, mainly plays cumulative action, and the second stage (also claiming probe) (9) shape is tiny, with the titanium alloy is material, the main amplitude amplification that rises, so the mode of connection of the central single screw of employing (8) between this secondary horn is easy accessibility.Adopting the secondary horn, mainly is in order to save the consumption of titanium alloy, to reduce cost.Should be when adopting the one-level horn when adopting the secondary horn the overall longitudinal length of identical its horn should equal the wavelength of the first-harmonic 1/4th of odd-multiple.The longitudinal size of first horn (7) is 3/4ths fundamental wavelength, and the longitudinal size of second stage horn (probe) (9) is half fundamental wavelength.Several connections plane is very important in the present embodiment, at first, being connected plane (being end face of flange) (10) and must being positioned at the node position of piezoelectric vibrator and first step horn (2), and being connected plane (11) and must being positioned at anti-node location between the first step and the second stage horn, like this, the output end face (13) of final stage amplitude transformer (9) just just in time is in anti-node location; Secondly, on these two joint faces (10), (11), all scribble soft metals such as tin and nickel.Above-mentioned arrangement can guarantee in the process that the whole ultrasonic ripple produces and transmits, the suffered vibration minimum of piezoelectric ceramic piece (4), (6) self, and make ultrasonic wave obtain maximum transmission efficiency, finally can go up and obtain maximum pitch amplitude in the terminal output face (13) of probe.A following measure is also taked for same purpose: pass from opposite direction in order to stop ultrasonic wave, select for use proportion to make at the back shroud (2) at the back of piezoelectric vibrator than the steel (is good with No. 45 steel) of the big several times of first step horn (7), can make the ultrasonic wave that spreads out of from the place ahead obtain gain like this in sound power, in the present embodiment, one machine can adaptive a plurality of outer contour curved surfaces differ, end diameter is different final stage amplitude transformer (probe) (9), outer contour curved surface (12) has two kinds of stepped appearance and hyperbolic catenaries.What Fig. 2 showed is step-like outer contour curved surface, and the transition garden arc between two sections of thicknesses should meet: $\mathrm{R(X)}\sqrt{L^2\mathrm{-(X-L)}{}^2}\mathrm{-L}$ The garden function formula, at this, L is the longitudinal size of transition garden cambered surface, L ₀And L ₁Be respectively the longitudinal size of butt end and thin end, L/N is the thickness that arbitrary section of garden segmental arc goes out small pieces, R _λAnd R _λ+1Be respectively that this section goes out radius small pieces, small end face, R ₁And R ₂It then is the radius of the input and output face of horn.The outer contour curved surface of the hyperbolic catenary that Fig. 3 shows, this curved surface should meet following functional expression: R(X)=R ₂Ch β (L-X), and β equals (l)/(L) ch ^-1R ₁/ R ₂, at this, l ₀Be the longitudinal length of evenly holding greatly, L is the longitudinal length of variable cross-section end, and L/N is the thickness that cuts small pieces of variable cross-section part optional position, R ₁And R ₂The radius of expression hyperacoustic input side of horn and output face.The amplitude amplification effect of horn is to depend on S ₂/ S ₁Ratio, at this, S ₂And S ₁It is respectively the sectional area of its input end face and output face.This acc power is 250 watts, and fundamental frequency is 24KHz, and the stepped ultrasonic transformer end diameter is φ each grade more than 10, and the small end of the horn of hyperbolic catenary gabarit (13) diameter has φ 3 and φ 6 second gears.According to the kind difference of cell, pending liquid measure difference, and the difference of the geomery of treatment trough, when carrying out the cytoclasis processing, usually need join and change the different probe of each grade.This machine adopts the mode of connection of central single screw (8) to finish horn connection each other, like this, makes the dismounting of probe become convenient.Also have a kind of mode of connection that can replace mutually to be, replace trip bolt (1) and (8) with 1 long spiro nail (end shows), it runs through back shroud (2), piezoelectric vibrator, first step horn (7), also couples together probe (9) into as a whole at last.For radiating condition preferably is provided, be provided with an axial flow cooling fan (not showing among Fig. 1) in the back of piezoelectric vibrator, on the periphery of the flange face (10) of first step horn (7), process the profile of tooth (see figure 4), the space between the adjacent teeth (14) for axial flow wind but party's bucktooth wind vent is provided.In order further to be the horn heat radiation, on the outside surface of the horn (7) of first step aluminium matter, make black oxide finish, make it to have certain blackness.After final assembly finished, coating insulating heat-conductive glue on the outside surface of complete machine more also was in order to strengthen heat-sinking capability.

Fig. 5 has shown the one-piece construction of this machine, after ultrasonic oscillator (15) is connected power supply, it just produces the oscillation frequency of 24KHz, electrical signal makes the piezoelectric vibrator of " an electric machine " ultrasonic transducer produce superaudible vertical mechanical vibration by electric wire (16), then, ultrasonic wave by horn (7), (9) time by cumulative with amplify amplitude, output face (13) by probe (9) at last includes treatment trough (18) to remain in the liquid of smudge cells and produces intensive shockwave (being cavitation effect), thereby realizes the supersonic cell pulverization process.The degree of depth that probe (9) inserts liquid when operation such as needs regulate, can regulate by the height adjustment knob (20) that operation is installed on the support (19).Liquid temperature in the treatment trough (18) is too high, can make cell rotten, should place treatment trough (18) in the refrigeration groove (not shown) when handling, and the refrigeration groove can make the fluid temperature in the treatment trough (18) maintain on the constant value.In addition, noise can take place in machine when work, when the needs noise abatement, can complete machine be sealed with a soundproof box (not shown), machine carries out cell pulverization in soundproof box handles, and both can reduce noise, can also play effect dustproof and that be isolated from the outside.Be provided with power regulation and automatic frequency tracking circuit in the ultrasonic oscillator.Different cells are carried out break process, usually require different power.Machine (because the different probe of transposing, because geomery difference, the processed liquid measure of treatment trough have has less more) regular meeting at work causes that the natural frequency of machine changes; so need the frequency-tracking measure, so that machine is in the working order of resonance all the time.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of supersonic cell pulverizer, it comprises a ultrasonic wave " an electric machine " transverter, a ultrasonic amplitude amplifier and a ultrasonic oscillator, it is characterized in that:

A, described " an electric machine " transverter are vertical sandwich piezoelectric vibrators, and its longitudinal length (being thickness) is half of fundamental wavelength,

B, described amplitude amplifier be along its vertically from input side to output face sectional area titanium alloy horn from large to small, it has the longitudinal size of odd number 1/4th fundamental wavelengths,

C, vertical sandwich piezoelectric vibrator are in the node position with the plane that is connected of horn, and the output end face of horn is in anti-node location.

2, supersonic cell pulverizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described vertical sandwich piezoelectric vibrator comprises a pair of piezoelectric ceramic piece and is clipped in this two piezoelectric ceramic piece intermediary contre electrodes.

3, supersonic cell pulverizer as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described piezoelectric vibrator is sandwiched between the back shroud of steel and the horn fastening with central single screw.

4, the supersonic cell pulverizer of stating as claim 1 is characterized in that, described amplitude amplifier is made up of multistage horn, and final stage amplitude transformer is made by titanium alloy, and all the other horn at different levels are to be made by aluminium alloy.

5, supersonic cell pulverizer as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the outside surface of described horn except that final stage is a black.

As claim 4 or 5 described supersonic cell pulverizers, it is characterized in that 6, each section horn connection plane each other is in anti-node location, the summation of the longitudinal size of each section horn equals odd number 1/4th fundamental wavelengths.

As claim 1 or 4 described supersonic cell pulverizers, it is characterized in that 7, described final stage amplitude transformer has hyperbolic catenary or step-like outer contour curved surface.

As claim 1 or 4 described supersonic cell pulverizers, it is characterized in that 8, to final stage amplitude transformer, each connects and scribbles the soft metal coating on the plane from piezoelectric vibrator.

9, supersonic cell pulverizer as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, scribbles conductive resin on the two side faces of every piezoelectric ceramic piece.

10, it is characterized in that as claim 1 or 4 described supersonic cell pulverizers, scribble insulating heat-conductive glue on the outside surface of " an electric machine " transverter and amplitude amplifier.

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