CN103235986A - Operation and consumption optimization method based on boiler safety analysis - Google Patents
Operation and consumption optimization method based on boiler safety analysis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an operation and consumption optimization method based on boiler safety analysis. The operation and consumption optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps that main parameter values in main load working conditions are used as target values of consumption calculation; data required by the consumption calculation in the operation of a boiler is collected, and the consumption calculation is performed in accordance with the target values, so as to obtain coal consumption indexes caused by the fact that main performance parameters deviate from the target values; a prediction model is established to predict optimized consumption; influencing factors which greatly influence parameter deviation are found out; parameters related to boiler safety are determined and monitored, if the parameters are within a safety range, a safety factor is 1, and the cost-benefit ratio of optimization operation is calculated; and when the cost-benefit ratio is less than 1, the optimization operation of the cost-benefit ratio is performed. The operation and consumption optimization method has the advantages that boiler safety analysis is introduced into the research of optimizing operation and consumption, economy and safety are combined together, and in consideration of actual conditions of the boiler, optimization operation which conforms to the actual conditions is adopted to the boiler.
Description
Technical field
Consumption difference research based on boiler safety optimization operation, on the basis of unit consumption difference, safety analysis is introduced in the research of consumption difference reason, by safety analysis, and, security poor to consume, optimization income are than in conjunction with the judging quota as optimization, obtain influencing the real causes of unit parameter and coal consumption and the effective optimization measure that can take, belong to the technical field of thermal power generation unit.
Background technology
Influenced by various factors, thermal power plant's operational factor and design parameter have gap, make the heat-economy of power plant be affected.The heat-economy that covets makes that the safe operation of unit is challenged, and influences the stable of unit operation.When disposing suitable unit parameter, should consider the potential safety hazard of unit, ensure the stable of unit.Under this major premise, the economy of proposition is only and more is added with realistic meaning, and power consumption analysis in this case also just has realistic meaning.
Coal consumption index request to power plant's operation is more and more higher at present, and have much in the reason of power plant's generation coal consumption in service deviation, many reasons are that the security with power plant combines, in boiler design, design load is to get guaranteeing to make the unit economy max calculation under the safe prerequisite, therefore under design conditions, design load be exactly the optimal parameter of unit operation be desired value, unit can reach design parameter in the design conditions operation.In the unit operation, the influence of coal, load condition, variation of ambient temperature causes unit actual parameter and design load different, and it is poor to have produced consumption.The reason that produces the consumption difference is a lot, but wherein relevant with the cond of boiler itself greatly.Be example with the main steam, what influence main steam consumption difference has ature of coal, air quantity, burner pivot angle, feed temperature, heating surface cleanliness etc.Wherein there are many factors relevant with the running status of self with the safe operation of boiler.In order to respond the call of national energy-saving and emission-reduction, reduce coal consumption, improve unit economy and just must consume difference operation optimization, therefore, after these and the safe operation of the boiler factor relevant with the boiler oneself state had sufficient analysis, could consume difference optimization exactly.
Domestic consumption difference optimization system is not taken into account the safety analysis of power plant, this just makes the economic index of consumption difference target often disconnect with safe operation of power plant, in fact deviation appears in operational factor and design load, is not that the operations staff does not know, but restriction for a certain reason.Therefore for making power consumption analysis that production practices can more effectively be instructed, need carry out more deep research to power consumption analysis.
Require more and more higher today in energy-saving and emission-reduction, the research that economy and security are combined has realistic meaning, therefore under present status of equipment, some parameter is because economy and desired value have deviation, some then is that the security aspect exists hidden danger, and both are combined analysis could the better energy saving space of understanding unit.The inventive method proposes to optimize the research of consumption difference based on the main steam operation of boiler safety analysis,, attempt and study consuming in the poor reason with boiler in-house facility cond and causing consuming poor reason in order to allow boiler safety stable operation because boiler in-house facility condition situation and the factor that causes the main steam consumption to differ from for boiler safety stable operation are started with from analyzing.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the new concept that a kind of boiler operatiopn is optimized, make boiler in the operation optimizing process, can select the optimization method of suitable economy according to the situation of self.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention provides a kind of operation optimization consumption difference optimization method based on the boiler safety analysis, it is characterized in that concrete steps are:
The ruuning situation of step 1, the load according to boiler operatiopn, coal and boiler is carried out heating power to boiler and is calculated, draw the major parameter value under the main load condition, with neural net method remaining operating mode is predicted then, the major parameter value of the operating mode that obtains wanting, and with the desired value of these values as the calculating of consumption difference;
Step 2, the consumption difference of gathering in the boiler operatiopn are calculated needed data, and obtain desired value according to step 1 and consume difference and calculate, and obtain the caused coal consumption index of the Specifeca tion speeification value of departing from objectives;
Step 3, the reason of the Specifeca tion speeification value of departing from objectives is done safety analysis, obtain the influence factor that to optimize;
Step 4, step 3 analyzed the influence factor that can optimize obtain as the input of neural network, the consumption difference that step 2 calculates is as output, the influence factor that can optimize that the consumption difference of calculating with step 2 and step 3 obtain is gathered multi-group data as sample data, choose network parameter, set up forecast model, the consumption behind the prediction optimization is poor;
The skeletonization algorithm of step 5, utilization neural network beta pruning algorithm is done Calculation of Sensitivity to each influence factor that can optimize, and finding out influences the bigger influence factor of parameter error;
Step 6, influence the bigger influence factor of parameter error according to what step 5 was determined, determine concern the parameter of boiler safety, concern the parameter of boiler safety under the collection power plant current operating state, hard these parameters of control, if in the scope of safety, then safety coefficient is 1, otherwise, be 0;
Step 7, if safety coefficient is 1, the income ratio of calculation optimization operation; Described income than the computing formula of η is:
In the formula: F
oThe cost that operation is paid is optimized in expression.
F
iThe benefit that operation obtains is optimized in expression.
Step 8, if income than greater than 1 o'clock, can not carry out the optimization operation measure of this calculating income ratio; Income is carried out the optimization operation of this calculating income ratio than less than 1 o'clock.
Further, main load condition in the described step 1 is at least a among 100%BMCR, 90%BMCR, 80%BMCR, 75%BMCR and the 50%BMCR, and the major parameter value under the main load condition is at least a in efficient, exhaust gas temperature, oxygen amount, unburned carbon in flue dust, the gentle steam temperature of each heating surface cigarette.
Further, the computing formula of the desired value O of the calculating of the consumption difference in the described step 1 is:
O＝f(N，A，W，V…)
The desired value that O representative consumption difference is calculated, N represents load, A, W and V represent the ature of coal parameter, and it is different that the suspension points representative is calculated the ature of coal parameter that needs for the consumption difference desired value of different parameters.
Further, the consumption of the exhaust gas temperature in the described step 1 difference computing formula is:
Δη＝-kΔθ×100
In the formula: b
s---supply standard coal consumption (getting the value before changing, i.e. benchmark coal consumption), unit is g/kwh;
η---boiler efficiency (getting the value before changing, i.e. baseline efficiency), unit is %;
Δ η---boiler efficiency changing value, unit are %;
t
0---environment temperature, unit is ℃;
K---relative flue gas specific heat capacity;
Δ θ---exhaust gas temperature variable quantity, Δ θ=θ-θ
0, unit is ℃;
θ
0---the exhaust gas temperature reference value, unit is ℃;
M
Ar---the as received basis moisture content of burning coal;
α
Py---the smoke evacuation excess air coefficient.
The power consumption analysis calculating formula is by obtaining the poor of desired value and actual value, amount to into boiler efficiency or power plant's cycle efficieny again, and it is poor to change into consumption again, roughly the process basically identical.
What the present invention relates to is a kind of optimization method based on safety analysis, and it is big to be used for unit coal consumption deviation, during the parameter drift-out desired value unit is optimized, and adopts safety analysis the parameter drift-out desired value to be disclosed the reason of security aspect.
Because the requirement of energy-saving and emission-reduction, power plant is more and more higher to the requirement of coal consumption, yet the variation owing to the reason of unit self-operating and coal, load, can there be deviation in main economy parameter (as boiler efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, oxygen amount, unburned carbon in flue dust, main steam temperature, reheater temperature etc.) with desired value, must take into account physical condition, operation conditions, coal and the load condition of unit in operation is optimized.Based on the optimization operation consumption difference research of boiler safety analysis the operation of economy consumption difference being introduced in safety analysis optimizes.Optimize the index that income is recently optimized as operation with poor, the safety coefficient of consumption and influence factor, on the basis that guarantees security, analyze economy and consume poorly, instruct actual motion, the operation of boiler is had important and practical meanings.
So-called boiler safety analysis refers to when operation is optimized influence factor is optimized, and whether can have influence on the safe and stable operation of boiler.For guaranteeing in optimization, not go maloperation, optimize the influence factor that can influence boiler safety stable operation after those are optimized, just produced safety coefficient.The foundation whether safety coefficient can be optimized as influence factor, guarantee to optimize the correctness of carrying out, ensure the safe and stable operation of unit.Safety coefficient also is the result that will draw by the safety analysis of boiler simultaneously.
In order to make the optimization factor obtain effect, in factor to be optimized, characterize each influence factor to the size that influences of this economy parameter consumption difference with the factor index, just influence factor is to result's sensitivity, skeletonization algorithm (neural network structure method for designing chapter 10 beta pruning algorithm) is made Calculation of Sensitivity to influence factor in the employing neural network beta pruning algorithm, obtains characterizing each factor to influencing what factor index as a result.
In optimization, be the effect that makes optimizing process obtain having an economic benefit, must consider paying and income of optimizing process.With income and the ratio paid as weighing the standard whether optimizing process is worth carrying out, when income than greater than 1 the time, optimization has an economic benefit.Less than 1 o'clock, optimizing did not have economic benefit.Income is bigger than more, and it is more high to optimize the economy that obtains.
The present invention is incorporated into boiler operatiopn optimization consumption difference and economic analysis with safety analysis.More direct to operation optimization with safety analysis, directive significance is arranged; By to causing the Calculation of Sensitivity of consumption difference real causes, obtain the sensitivity of each influence factor, provide guidance program in conjunction with the safety in production experience for operation optimization.The present invention proposes the concept of safety coefficient in operation is optimized, give the attribute of safety coefficient to consuming poor influence factor, when operation is optimized, can not be optimized the incongruent influence factor of safety coefficient.The proposition factor is optimized the concept of income ratio in operation is optimized, and is carrying out when optimizing consuming certain poor influence factor, and the income after considering to optimize and the ratio of the cost of optimization, then can not be optimized, otherwise then can less than 1 as if ratio.
Advantage of the present invention is the boiler safety analysis to be incorporated into optimize the research of operation consumption difference and come, and economy and security are combined, and considers the actual state of boiler itself, and the optimization that boiler is taked to tally with the actual situation moves.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the operation optimization consumption difference research process flow diagram based on the boiler safety analysis;
Fig. 2 implements schematic diagram based on the operation optimization consumption difference research of boiler safety analysis;
Fig. 3 is the operation optimization consumption difference forecast model sample consumption difference calculation flow chart based on the boiler safety analysis;
Fig. 4 is the operation optimization consumption difference research safety coefficient computing block diagram based on the boiler safety analysis;
Embodiment
Optimize operation method based on the consumption difference research of boiler safety analysis and when implementing, adopt two optimization main lines, as shown in Figure 2, article one, be consumption difference main line, article one, be the safety analysis main line, consumption difference main line is the neural network prediction model of setting up consumption difference influence factor and certain economic index consumption difference, influence factor by given input is the consumption difference of measurable certain economic index, and can calculate by model and obtain the bigger input parameter of influence in the input.Safety analysis is according to given influence factor, calculates the parameter relevant with boiler safety, as steam temperature, and wall temperature, the oxygen amount, whether coking etc. provides a safety indexes of current boiler operatiopn state, to determine whether safe and stable operation of boiler.Final two main lines converges when optimizing, if influence security, then can not optimize; If security is qualified, the income of calculation optimization ratio then, income is optimized than the words greater than 1.Optimize operation method based on the consumption difference research of boiler safety analysis and propose correct effective optimization suggestion according to consumption difference and security combination to actual optimization.Specify the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, for based on the operation optimization of boiler safety analysis consumption difference research process flow diagram, be example with the 600MW Boiler Steam Temperature, based on the concrete steps of the operation optimization consumption difference optimization method of boiler safety analysis be:
The ruuning situation of step 1, the load according to boiler operatiopn, coal and boiler is carried out heating power to boiler and is calculated, and draws the main steam temperature desired value under main load (comprising 100%BMCR, 90%BMCR, 80%BMCR and the 75%BMCR) operating mode, as following table:
| Load | 100％ | 90％ | 80％ | 75％ |
| Desired value (℃) | 571 | 570 | 570 | 568 |
With neural net method remaining load condition is predicted, obtained the main steam temperature desired value of 75%-80%, 80%-90%, 90%-100% load condition.
Step 2, the consumption difference of gathering in the boiler operatiopn are calculated needed data, according to main steam consumption difference computing formula, as shown in Figure 3, obtain main steam temperature according to step 1 and consume difference calculating, obtain main steam temperature and depart from the caused coal consumption index of its desired value.Main steam consumption difference computing formula is as follows:
In the formula: T
LBe the thermodynamics medial temperature in the circulation exothermic process, unit is K;
T
HBe the thermodynamics medial temperature in the circulation heating process, unit is K;
η
OiBe the steam turbine internal efficiency ratio, unit is %;
b
sBe supply standard coal consumption (getting the value before changing, i.e. benchmark coal consumption) that unit is g/kwh;
η is efficiency of thermal cycle (getting the value before changing, i.e. baseline efficiency), and unit is %;
Δ η is the efficiency of thermal cycle changing value, and unit is %.
When actual 100% loaded, actual value differed from 10 ℃ than desired value is every as calculated, produced the consumption difference and was about 0.98g/kwh.
Step 3, the reason of the Specifeca tion speeification value of departing from objectives is done safety analysis, extract the moisture, excess air coefficient, burner pivot angle, feed temperature, heating surface heat transfer coefficient, intermediate point temperature, spray water flux, water-cooling wall thermal deviation, superheater thermal deviation of volatile matter, the coal of net calorific value, the coal of coal as the influence factor that can optimize.Analyze the emphasis that this step is the design, be related to the correctness of neural net model establishing.
Step 4, will consume the influence factor that can optimize that the step 3 that obtains of the safety analysis analysis of difference obtains as the input of neural network, step 2 is calculated the consumption difference of gained as output, gather multi-group data as sample data with the influence factor that consumption difference and the step 3 of step 2 calculating gained are analyzed, choose network parameter, set up the network model of consumption difference, the consumption behind the prediction optimization is poor.Set up the network model of consumption difference, consumption difference that can be behind prediction optimization before the actual optimization.
The skeletonization algorithm (in detail with reference to " neural network structure method for designing " chapter 10 paper-cut algorithm) of step 5, utilization neural network beta pruning algorithm is done Calculation of Sensitivity to each influence factor that can optimize, finds out the influence factor that influences the parameter error maximum.The skeletonization algorithm is a kind of of neural network beta pruning algorithm, be used for the sensitivity of each node of computational grid, the sensitivity of each node represents that this node is to the network contribution margin, in the design, the sensitivity of input node can represent that the influence factor of importing consumes the size that influences of difference to input.
By network structure being done the skeletonization algorithm, it mainly is spray water flux that result of calculation obtains influencing main steam consumption difference size, intermediate point temperature, the net calorific value of coal and burner pivot angle.Consume poor major influence factors with these several as optimizing, will consider the relation between these factors and the security simultaneously.
Step 6, provide the safety coefficient of a boiler according to the result of influence factor optimization, this safety coefficient is an index that whether boiler safety is exerted an influence by influence factor optimization, influence the bigger influence factor of parameter error according to what step 5 was determined, determine to concern the parameter of boiler safety, only consider wall temperature, steam temperature, oxygen amount and coking property etc. at present, gather the parameter that concerns boiler safety under power plant's current operating state, the image data form is as follows:
| Monitoring parameter | Unit |
| Load | MW |
| Main steam flow | t/h |
| Economizer exit oxygen amount | \ |
| The burner pivot angle | ° |
| Water-cooling wall exports each tube wall temperature | ℃ |
| The end is crossed and is exported each tube wall temperature | ℃ |
| The end exports each tube wall temperature again | ℃ |
| Exhaust gas temperature | ℃ |
| The economizer out temperature | ℃ |
| The water-cooling wall out temperature | ℃ |
| Superheater out temperatures at different levels | ℃ |
| Reheater out temperatures at different levels | ℃ |
| Air preheater air side out temperature | ℃ |
Monitor these data, according to reference to figure 4 safety coefficient calculation flow charts, in real time wall temperature, oxygen amount and coking property are carried out logic discrimination, if monitor data and boiler coke situation are all in safe range, then safety coefficient is 1, represents present boiler safety stable operation.
The safe range that certain power plant safety coefficient logic of table 1 is judged
Step 7, be 1 optimization operation to safety coefficient, calculate for paying of optimizing and income and produce the income ratio that income is calculated than before referring to optimize basic revenue and expenditure being done in operation to be optimized, whether benefit was improved after expression was optimized.Described income than the computing formula of η is:
In the formula: F
o_ _ _ _ _ expression optimizes the cost pay.
F
i_ _ _ _ _ expression optimizes the benefit obtain.
In main steam optimization F is described at certain 600MW of power plant unit in the present embodiment
oWith F
iCalculating, carry out and to blow ash manipulation and spend 5 tons of overheated steam, parameter is 25MP, 540 ℃, blow grey position and be back screen superheater, after blowing ash and finishing, bringing economic benefit is that exhaust gas temperature lowers 1 ℃, main steam temperature improves 6 ℃.F
oBe exactly the coal consumption influence that boiler is produced with devaporation, F
iThe exhaust gas temperature reduction that brings exactly and main steam improve the influence to coal consumption.The form that these parameters is changed into coal consumption consumption difference is listed in the table below:
Table 2 income is than calculated example table
During main steam consumption difference was optimized, when ash manipulation was blown in execution, first simple computation was brought direct benefit after blowing ash, and main stripping temperature improves, and exhaust gas temperature changes, and amounts to into the coal consumption value by consuming poor calculated relationship.Calculate again and blow grey cost, extract the acting loss of steam.Both do one and simply relatively draw the income ratio.According to table 2 result of calculation as can be known, can improve the economic benefit of unit in this example by the soot blowing and optimal operation of back screen, therefore reach a conclusion and to blow ash manipulation.
Step 8, by safety coefficient and income than coaching for operation optimization.In the present embodiment, by the calculating to the safety coefficient of boiler, drawing safety coefficient is 1, the expression boiler operatiopn at the soot blowing and optimal operation, has been carried out the calculating of income ratio at safe condition, calculate income than less than 1, show that the soot blowing and optimal operation can improve the economy of unit.Therefore reach a conclusion, carry out and blow ash manipulation.If in calculating, safety coefficient less than 1 or income all can not carry out than greater than 1 and blow ash manipulation.
Claims (2)
1. the operation optimization based on the boiler safety analysis consumes the difference optimization method, it is characterized in that concrete steps are:
The ruuning situation of step 1, the load according to boiler operatiopn, coal and boiler is carried out heating power to boiler and is calculated, draw the major parameter value under the main load condition, with neural net method remaining operating mode is predicted then, the major parameter value of the operating mode that obtains wanting, and with the desired value of these values as the calculating of consumption difference;
Step 2, the consumption difference of gathering in the boiler operatiopn are calculated needed data, and obtain desired value according to step 1 and consume difference and calculate, and obtain the caused coal consumption index of the Specifeca tion speeification value of departing from objectives;
Step 3, the reason of the Specifeca tion speeification value of departing from objectives is done safety analysis, obtain the influence factor that to optimize;
Step 4, step 3 analyzed the influence factor that can optimize obtain as the input of neural network, the consumption difference that step 2 calculates is as output, the influence factor that can optimize that the consumption difference of calculating with step 2 and step 3 obtain is gathered multi-group data as sample data, choose network parameter, set up forecast model, the consumption behind the prediction optimization is poor;
The skeletonization algorithm of step 5, utilization neural network beta pruning algorithm is done Calculation of Sensitivity to each influence factor that can optimize, and finding out influences the bigger influence factor of parameter error;
Step 6, influence the bigger influence factor of parameter error according to what step 5 was determined, determine concern the parameter of boiler safety, concern the parameter of boiler safety under the collection power plant current operating state, monitor these parameters, if in the scope of safety, then safety coefficient is 1, otherwise, be 0;
Step 7, if safety coefficient is 1, the income ratio of calculation optimization operation; Described income than the computing formula of η is:
In the formula: F
oThe cost that operation is paid is optimized in expression.
F
iThe benefit that operation obtains is optimized in expression.
Step 8, if income than greater than 1 o'clock, can not carry out the optimization operation measure of this calculating income ratio; Income is carried out the optimization operation of this calculating income ratio than less than 1 o'clock.
2. the operation optimization based on the boiler safety analysis as claimed in claim 1 consumes the difference optimization method, it is characterized in that, main load condition in the described step 1 is at least a among 100%BMCR, 90%BMCR, 80%BMCR, 75%BMCR and the 50%BMCR, and the major parameter value under the main load condition is at least a in efficient, exhaust gas temperature, oxygen amount, unburned carbon in flue dust, the gentle steam temperature of each heating surface cigarette.
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